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Uranium Mining & Milling Industry in India

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Uranium Mining & Milling Industry in India UraniumUranium MiningMining && MillingMilling IndustryIndustry inin IndiaIndia PerPer CapitaCapita PowerPower ConsumptionConsumption 7382 7281 8000 7000 5843 6000 5000 4000 2400 3000 Energy kWh/Capita 2000 473 1000 0 Germany Japan U.K. World India Country Power:Power: TheThe urgenturgent needneed • Per capita power consumption is low. • Installed generation cap. to be raised from 138.73 to 417GWe by 2020 • Share of nuclear power to increase from 4120 to 20,000 MWe by 2020 • Uranium requirement to increase accordingly PowerPower SourcesSources andand ConstraintsConstraints COAL : •Inadequate coal reserves •Strain on transportation •High ash in Indian coal and low calorific value. • CO 2 emissions OIL & GAS AS FUEL : •Inadequate reserve, 70% requirement is met by import •Complex geo-political environment PowerPower SourcesSources andand ConstraintsConstraints HYDROELECTRIC Limited to geographically suitable sites Sites are mostly away from demand centers. Dependent on rain-fall. Effect on ecology Displacement of vast population. NON-CONVENTIONAL Limited scope at present level of technology Poor capacity factor Diffused and intermittent source “……….. We must break the constraining limits of power shortages, which retard our development. Nuclear energy is not only cost effective, it is also a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels……” Dr. Manmohan Singh, Kalapakkam, rd 23 Oct,2004 EnergyEnergy SecuritySecurity forfor IndiaIndia Non- conventional Nuclear 20% 2.0% Nuclear 2.5% Hydro 26.0% Non- conventional 7% Fossil fuels Hydro 61% Fossil fuels 12% 69.5% 2003-04 2052-53 Total:112.10 GWe Total:1344 GWe •India has moderate uranium reserves:61,000 t recoverable metal. •It can support 10,000MWe of PHWR •India has 30% of world reserve in thorium:2,25,000t recoverable metal ThreeThree StageStage NuclearNuclear PowerPower ProgrammeProgramme 95 90 Globally Advanced 84 86 91 84 90 90 89 Globally Unique 85 79 Technology 80 75 72 75 69 70 65A vailability World class 60 55 performance 50 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 Stage – I PHWRs Stage - II Stage - III Thorium Based Reactors • 15 - Operating Fast Breeder Reactors • • • 30 kwth KAMINI - Operating 3 - Under construction • 40 MWe FBTR - Operating • Several others planned since 1985 • • 300 MWe AHWR - Scaling to 700 MWe Technology Objectives • Under Development • Gestation period has realised been reduced • 500 MWe PFBR - POWER POTENTIAL IS • POWER POTENTIAL ≅ Under Construction VERY LARGE 10,000 MWe LWRs • POWER POTENTIAL ≅ Availability of ADS can • 2 BWRs Operating 530,000 MWe enable early introduction • 2 VVERs under of Thorium on a large construction scale. IndianIndian NuclearNuclear PowerPower ProgrammeProgramme CAPACITY CUMULATIVE REACTOR TYPE AND CAPACITIES CAPACITY ( MWe ) (MWe ) 15 PHWRs and 2 BWRs reactors at 6 sites under operation, Tarapur , Rawatbhata , 4,120 4,120 Kalpakkam , Narora , Kakrapar and Kaiga 3 PHWRs under construction at ) to be 660 4,780 Kaiga (2x220 MWe ), ) completed RAPS -5&6(2x220 MWe ) ) during ) XI Plan 2 LWRs under construction at ) 2,000 6,780 Kudankulam(2x1000 MWe ) ) ) PFBR under construction at ) Kalpakkam (1 X 500 MWe ) ) 500 7,280 > Projects planned till 2020 13,900 21,180 PHWRs(8x700 MWe ), FBRs(4x500 MWe ), LWRs(6x1000 MWe ), AHWR(1x300 MWe ) > TOTAL by 2020 21,180 MWe STATUS OF URANIUM RESERVES IN INDIA UraniumUranium MiningMining inin IndiaIndia Under the administrative control of Department of Atomic Energy ISO 9001:2000,ISO 14001:2004,IS 18001:2000 Uranium Corporation of India Ltd (a Public Sector Enterprise) With mandate to mine and process uranium ore Set-up in 1967 Operating: Five underground mines One openpit mine Net worth: Two ore processing plants 240 million USD Constructing: One underground mine One mega mining and processing project Manpower: 4600 Planning: Two mega mining & (next 5 years) processing projects ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION DAE Science ATOMIC ENERGY Research Council REGULATORY BOARD DEPARTMENT OF ATOMIC ENERGY R&D ORGANISATIONS PUBLIC SECTOR --------------------------------- UNDERTAKINGS INDUSTRIAL SERVICE & SUPPORT Bhabha Atomic Research ORGANISATIONS ORGANISATIONS Centre, Mumbai Nuclear Power Corp. of ------------------------- ------------------------- India Ltd., Mumbai Heavy Water Board, Indira Gandhi Centre for Directorate of Purchase Indira Gandhi Centre for Mumbai Atomic Research, Uranium Corp. of India & Stores, Mumbai Kalpakkam Ltd., Jaduguda Nuclear Fuel Complex, Directorate of Construction, Centre for Advanced Indian Rare Earths Ltd., Hyderabad Technology, Indore Mumbai Services & Estate Management Group, Variable Energy Cyclotron Board of Radiation & Electronics Corp. of Mumbai Centre, Kolkata India Ltd., Hyderabad Isotope Technology, Mumbai Atomic Minerals Directorate Bharatiya Nabhikiya General Services for Exploration & Research, Vidyut Nigam Ltd., Organisation , Kalpakkam Hyderabad Kalpakkam Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences, FULLY AIDED INSTITUTIONS National Board of Higher Mathematics Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata Chennai Research, Mumbai Institute of Physics, Bhubaneshwar Institute for Plasma Research, Tata Memorial Centre, Ahmedabad Mumbai Harish -Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad Atomic Energy Education Society, Mumbai UraniumUranium RequirementRequirement ofof IndiaIndia INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION Operating POSSIBITY mines & New mines OF OTHER & Plants OVERSEAS SOURCES Plants OPPORTUNITIES • Under construction Possibility of Operating • Planned for acquisition of units under construction uranium properties capacity expansion Sea water, phosphate rock etc URANIUM MINING CENTERS OF INDIA (Existing & Proposed) Rohil in Rajasthan WEST KHASI HILLS DISTRICT IN MEGHALAYA SINGHBHUM BELT IN JHARKHAND NALGONDA DISTRICT IN ANDHRA PRADESH Gogi in CUDDAPAH Karnataka DISTRICT IN ANDHRA PRADESH SINGHBHUMSINGHBHUM SHEARSHEAR ZONEZONE BANDUHURANG Hosts a number of multi-metallic deposits Host country’s largest uranium resources Discovery of first uranium deposit (Jaduguda - 1951) Treasure-house for evolution of uranium mining and processing activities SINGHBHUMSINGHBHUM SHEARSHEAR ZONEZONE • URANIUM DEPOSIT discovered at JADUGUDA – 1951 • JADUGUDA MINE commissioned in 1968 (230m depth) • Deepened in 1976 (640m depth) • Deepened in 2001 (905m depth) – Underground shaft • BHATIN UNDERGROUND MINE - A small deposit with limited life and depth persistence • Commissioned in 1986 (200m depth) • NARWAPAHAR MINE - A large mechanised mine with trackless equipment • Entry through decline (7 0) and vertical shaft • Operating since 1995 • TURAMDIH MINE – In operation since 2003 • • Mining technology similar BANDUHURANG MINE – to Narwapahar Commissioned in 2009 • • The first opencast uranium BAGJATA MINE – mine of the country Commissioned in Dec. 2008 • Mining technology similar to Narwapahar 90.0m Upper Level O RE B O DY 65.0m X - C u t SAND FILL SAND FILL SAND FILL F.W.Drive PLAN CutCut --andand --FillFill StopingStoping Equipment in UCIL URANIUMURANIUM OREORE PROCESSINGPROCESSING Operates two plants in Singhbhum JADUGUDA PLANT – Commissioned in 1968 Expanded two times 3rd phase expansion underway TURAMDIH PLANT – Operational in 2007 High level of automation Further expansion taken up • Acid leaching Major • Ion Exchange Processes • MDU Production URANIUMURANIUM OREORE PROCESSINGPROCESSING Automation: Particle size monitors Horizontal belt filter Pressure filter High degree of instrumentation – PLC based control system with Man Machine Interface (MMI) PROCESS FLOW SHEET ORE JADUGUDA & TURAMDIH PLANTS CRUSHING GRINDING RECY. NEUTRAL WATER DEWATERING PRECIPETATED REAGENTS IRON CAKE ACID LEACHING REAGENTS FILTRATION FLOCCULANT CAKE NEUTRALISATION LIME SAND FOR BACKFILLING FILTRATE SAND-SLIME SEPERATION OF MINE SLIME O/F TAILINGS THICKENER U/F CLARIFICATION TAILINGS POND ELUANT BARREN ION EXCHANGE DECANT WATER POND REAGENTS IRON PPN. & SEPERATION RECY. WATER EFFL. TREATMENT PLANT REAGENTS MDU PPN. DRYING AND PACKING CRUSHING, GRINDING & DEWATERING LEACHING MDU FILTRATION & PACKING WASTEWASTE MANAGEMNETMANAGEMNET Waste rock of mines used for back-filling of stopes Coarser fraction tailings (deslimed) used for back-filling Slimes stored in impoundment facility (Tailings Pond) Plant effluent treated before discharge to public domain TAILINGSTAILINGS PONDPOND Well engineered with natural barriers on three sides Channel ways and well-laid drainage system for discharge of effluents Reclamation of Tailings pond after use WASTEWASTE MANAGEMNETMANAGEMNET View of Tailings Pond at Jaduguda Coursing of Tailings pond water to ETP Treatment of Effluent Reclamation of used Tailings Pond with soil cover and plantation CUDDAPAHCUDDAPAH BASINBASIN LAMBAPUR URANIUM PROJECT TUMMALAPALLE URANIUM PROJECT TUMMALAPALLETUMMALAPALLE URANIUMURANIUM PROJECTPROJECT Surface Topography H/W Band Ore Lenses F/W Band Carbonate host rock Strata bound type deposit Width of lodes after block modelling: HW Lode 3.2 m Strike extension: 5.6 km FW Lode 2.5 m 0 Dip: 15 - 17 Mineralisation up to 275 m depth Parting between lodes: 1.5 to 3 m MINEMINE DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT ATAT TUMMALAPALLETUMMALAPALLE 5m X 3m 0 9 gradient 15m apart 4.5m X 3m PROPOSED MINING METHOD R ev e rse Bay R am p Barrier pillar (10m) Ad v an c e S trik e Driv e 20m P anel l engt h 1 MININGMINING EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT MAJOR EQUIPMENT: •Low Profile Loaders (LHD) •Low Profile Dump Truck (LPDT) •Drill Jumbo •Low Profile Dozer •Low Profile Bolting Machine
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