DOCSLIB.ORG

Myanmar (Burma)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

MYANMAR (BURMA): No end in sight for internal displacement crisis A profile of the internal displacement situation 14 February, 2008 This Internal Displacement Profile is automatically generated from the online IDP database of the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC). It includes an overview of the internal displacement situation in the country prepared by the IDMC, followed by a compilation of excerpts from relevant reports by a variety of different sources. All headlines as well as the bullet point summaries at the beginning of each chapter were added by the IDMC to facilitate navigation through the Profile. Where dates in brackets are added to headlines, they indicate the publication date of the most recent source used in the respective chapter. The views expressed in the reports compiled in this Profile are not necessarily shared by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. The Profile is also available online at www.internal-displacement.org. About the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, established in 1998 by the Norwegian Refugee Council, is the leading international body monitoring conflict-induced internal displacement worldwide. Through its work, the Centre contributes to improving national and international capacities to protect and assist the millions of people around the globe who have been displaced within their own country as a result of conflicts or human rights violations. At the request of the United Nations, the Geneva-based Centre runs an online database providing comprehensive information and analysis on internal displacement in some 50 countries. Based on its monitoring and data collection activities, the Centre advocates for durable solutions to the plight of the internally displaced in line with international standards. The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre also carries out training activities to enhance the capacity of local actors to respond to the needs of internally displaced people. In its work, the Centre cooperates with and provides support to local and national civil society initiatives. For more information, visit the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre website and the database at www.internal-displacement.org. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre Norwegian Refugee Council Chemin de Balexert 7-9 1219 Geneva, Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 799 07 00 [email protected] www.internal-displacement.org 2 CONTENTS CONTENTS 3 OVERVIEW 9 NO END IN SIGHT FOR INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT CRISIS 9 CAUSES AND BACKGROUND 17 POLITICAL BACKGROUND 17 SEPTEMBER 2007 DEMONSTRATIONS AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS (FEBRUARY 2008) 17 INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL RESPONSE (FEBRUARY 2008) 17 ETHNIC MINORITIES AND DEVELOPMENTS WITH THE NATIONAL CONVENTION (FEBRUARY 2008) 18 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS (MARCH 2007) 20 1990 ONWARDS: THE MILITARY REGIME SEEKS CEASEFIRES, BUT TIGHTENS ITS GRIP (2006) 22 SINCE 1988, THE MYANMAR GOVERNMENT HAS LAUNCHED MASSIVE MILITARY CAMPAIGNS AGAINST ETHNIC INSURGENT GROUPS (JUNE 2005) 25 GENERAL CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT 26 CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT IN BURMA (FEBRUARY 2008) 26 GENERAL CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT IN BURMA (FEBRUARY 2007) 27 LAND CONFISCATION IS WIDESPREAD (FEBRUARY 2007) 28 DEVELOPMENT INDUCED DISPLACEMENT 29 CONSTRUCTION OF GAS PIPELINE AND DAMS COULD CONTRIBUTE TO DISPLACEMENT (FEBRUARY 2008) 29 DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS LEAD TO FORCED RELOCATION AND FORCED LABOUR (OCTOBER 2006) 30 TOURISM PROJECTS HAVE DISPLACED THOUSANDS TO SATELLITE TOWNS (OCTOBER 2004) 32 MAIN CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT IN URBAN AREAS 33 DISPLACEMENT AS A RESULT OF CONSTRUCTION OF NEW CAPITAL (FEBRUARY 2008) 33 DISPLACEMENT IN URBAN AREAS ON THE DECREASE, BUT HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS FORCIBLY RELOCATED DURING THE 1990S (FEBRUARY 2007) 33 MAIN CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT IN THE BORDER AREAS 35 ARMY OFFENSIVES AGAINST ETHNIC OPPOSITION GROUPS HAVE CAUSED MASSIVE DISPLACEMENT OF THE CIVIL POPULATION SINCE THE LATE 1960S (JANUARY 2005) 35 FORCED RELOCATION IS CLOSELY LINKED TO FORCED LABOUR (AUGUST 2005) 37 SINCE 1998 ILO HAS DOCUMENTED A PERVASIVE USE OF FORCED LABOUR IN BURMA (SEPTEMBER 2005) 40 FORCED RECRUITMENT OF CHILD SOLDIERS A CAUSE FOR DISPLACEMENT (AUGUST 2005) 44 RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION IN BURMA'S BORDER AREAS ON THE RISE (AUGUST 2005) 45 SHAN STATE 45 DISPLACEMENT ONGOING IN SHAN STATE (FEBRUARY 2008) 46 3 SHAN STATE: MASSIVE FORCED RELOCATION DUE TO ARMED STRUGGLE (OCTOBER 2005) 47 SHAN STATE: RESETTLEMENT OF 128,000 WA CAUSED FURTHER DISPLACEMENT (FEBRUARY 2004) 48 SHAN STATE: THOUSANDS DISPLACED DUE TO MILITARY OPERATIONS DURING 2005 (DECEMBER 2005) 50 NEW RELOCATION ORDERS ISSUED IN EASTERN SHAN STATE (MARCH 2006) 51 KAREN STATE 52 WORST OFFENSIVE IN 10 YEARS IN KAREN STATE DISPLACING THOUSANDS (FEBRUARY 2008) 52 KAREN STATE: THE KAREN HAVE BEEN SUBJECT TO REPEATED DISPLACEMENT (JUNE 2005)53 HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES AND FORCED EVICTIONS REPORTED IN PA'AN AND THATOON DISTRICTS OF THE KAREN STATE (DECEMBER 2006) 55 KAREN STATE: REPORTS ABOUT DISPLACEMENT IN THE TOUNGOO, NYAUNGLEBIN AND PAPUN DISTRICTS DURING 2006 (NOVEMBER 2006) 56 KAREN STATE: THOUSANDS DISPLACED DURING 2004 - 2005 DESPITE INFORMAL CEASEFIRE (DECEMBER 2005) 60 KAREN STATE: DEMANDS FOR FORCED LABOUR HAS INCREASED IN SEVERAL DISTRICTS (JUNE 2005) 63 KARENNI STATE 66 DISPLACEMENT IN KARENNI STATE (FEBRUARY 2008) 66 KARENNI STATE: LARGE-SCALE DISPLACEMENT OF CIVILIANS SINCE THE 1990S (OCTOBER 2006) 67 KARENNI STATE: REPORTS OF DISPLACEMENT BETWEEN 2004 - OCTOBER 2006) 68 MON STATE 70 DESPITE CEASEFIRE HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS LEADING TO DISPLACEMENT (FEBRUARY 2008) 70 MON STATE: LAND CONFISCATION AND DEMANDS FOR FORCED LABOUR LEAD TO DISPLACEMENT (OCTOBER 2006) 70 MON STATE: HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS CONTINUE UNABATED (DECEMBER 2005) 74 OTHER STATES 74 TENASSERIM (TANINTHARYI) DIVISION: FORCED RELOCATION DURING THE 1990S DIRECTLY LINKED TO CONSTRUCTION OF GAS PIPELINES (OCTOBER 2005) 74 EASTERN PEGU DIVISION: FORCED RELOCATION IS THE MAIN CAUSE OF DISPLACEMENT (OCTOBER 2006) 76 KACHIN STATE: LAND CONFISCATION LEADS TO DISPLACEMENT (JUNE 2005) 78 INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT IN THE CHIN STATE AND NAGALAND (FEBRUARY 2004) 80 RAKHINE STATE: CONFISCATION OF LAND AND ESTABLISHMENT OF "MODEL VILLAGES" LEADS TO NUMEROUS CASES OF FORCED EVICTIONS AND RELOCATIONS (JUNE 2003) 82 POPULATION OF ARAKAN (RAKHINE) STATE VULNERABLE TO VIOLATIONS AND FORCED DISPLACEMENT (FEBRUARY 2008) 84 RAKHINE (ARAKAN) STATE: HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES AGAINST THE ROHINGYA POPULATION IS INCREASING (FEBRUARY 2007) 85 RAKHINE (ARAKAN) STATE: HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES AGAINST THE ROHINGYA POPULATION IS INCREASING (DECEMBER 2005) 89 POPULATION FIGURES AND PROFILE 93 GLOBAL FIGURES 93 ESTIMATES OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN BURMA (FEBRUARY 2008) 93 4 THAILAND BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM (TBBC) ESTIMATES OF IDPS IN EASTERN BURMA IN 2007 (FEBRUARY 2008) 94 NO NATIONAL ESTIMATE EXISTS FOR THE TOTAL NUMBER OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED IN BURMA (FEBRUARY 2007) 95 THAILAND BURMA BORDER CONSORTIUM ESTIMATES AT LEAST 500,000 IDPS IN EASTERN BURMA AS OF OCTOBER 2006 97 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 100 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE INTERNALLY DISPLACED POPULATION IN EASTERN BURMA (OCTOBER 2004) 100 SHAN STATE: LEAST 163,000 IDPS IN 2007 (FEBRUARY 2008) 101 KARENNI STATE: 81,000 IDPS IN 2007 (FEBRUARY 2008) 103 KAREN STATE: 116,900 IDPS IN 2007 (FEBRUARY 2008) 104 MON STATE: 49,400 IDPS IN 2007 (FEBRUARY 2008) 106 TENASSSARIM DIVISION: 61,000 IDPS IN 2007 (FEBRUARY 2008) 107 EASTERN PEGU DIVISION: NUMBER OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED KAREN AS OF OCTOBER 2006 107 PATTERNS OF DISPLACEMENT 109 GENERAL 109 TWO THIRDS OF THE DISPLACED ARE UNABLE TO FIND A DURABLE SOLUTION (OCTOBER 2005) 109 CEASEFIRE AREAS HOST THE BIGGEST NUMBER OF IDPS (FEBRUARY 2008) 109 AN ESTIMATED 99,000 CIVILIANS ARE HIDING IN THE MOST MILITARY CONTESTED AREAS (FEBRUARY 2008) 110 AN ESTIMATED 109,000 IDPS ARE LIVING IN RELOCATION SITES (FEBRUARY 2008) 111 DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS BY STATE OR DIVISION 114 PATTERNS OF DISPLACEMENT IN THE KAREN STATE (DECEMBER 2005) 114 PHYSICAL SECURITY & FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT 117 PROTECTION NEEDS OF CIVILIANS IN CONFLICT AREAS 117 IDPS REMAIN VULNERABLE TO LANDMINES (FEBRUARY 2008) 117 LANDMINES ARE USED EXTENSIVELY BOTH BY THE BURMESE ARMY AND INSURGENT ARMIES (DECEMBER 2006) 119 ETHNIC MINORITY WOMEN FACE HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS (FEBRUARY 2008) 121 DISPLACED WOMEN SUFFER FROM ARMY'S WIDESPREAD USE OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN THE SHAN STATE AND OTHER CONFLICT AREAS (OCTOBER 2005) 122 DELIBERATE VIOLENCE AGAINST CIVILIANS REMAINS A SERIOUS THREAT IN CONFLICT ZONES (OCTOBER 2005) 125 MILITARY RECRUITMENT IS THE BIGGEST RISK FACING CHILDREN IN CONFLICT AREAS (OCTOBER 2005) 125 REPORTS DOCUMENT HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES IN RELOCATION SITES (AUGUST 2003) 125 LACK OF PROTECTION FOR RETURNING REFUGEES 126 CONCERNS OVER SAFETY OF REFUGEES FORCIBLY REPATRIATED FROM THAILAND (MARCH 2003) 127 VOLATILE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION FACING RETURNING ROHINGYAS IN THE RAKHINE (ARAKAN) STATE (JUNE 2003) 128 5 SUBSISTENCE NEEDS 129 GENERAL 129 FIELD VISITS DOCUMENT THAT INTERNALLY DISPLACED IN HIDING SITES SUFFER FROM SERIOUS HEALTH PROBLEMS AND HUNGER (APRIL 2004) 129 INTERNALLY DISPLACED IN EASTERN BURMA ARE EXTREMELY VULNERABLE (OCTOBER 2004) 130 KAREN DISPLACED DURING ARMY ATTACKS IN NOVEMBER- DECEMBER 2004, FACED DIRE HUMANITARIAN CONDITIONS (DECEMBER 2004) 130 HEALTH 131 MALARIA LEADING CAUSE OF IDP DEATHS IN EASTERN BURMA (FEBRUARY 2008) 131 THE HEALTH SITUATION IS CATASTROPHIC IN CONFLICT AFFECTED AREAS (SEPTEMBER 2006) 132 HIV/AIDS PARTICULARLY AFFECTS THE CONFLICT ZONES (OCTOBER 2005) 134 THE SITUATION FOR INTERNALLY DISPLACED
Recommended publications
  • Mandy Sadan Syphilis and the Kachin Regeneration Campaign, 1937–38 This Paper Discusses the Introduction of a Policy Known As

    Mandy Sadan Syphilis and the Kachin Regeneration Campaign, 1937–38 This Paper Discusses the Introduction of a Policy Known As

    Please note: This paper is an early draft of a paper that was later published as Sadan, Mandy (2010) 'Syphilis and the Kachin Regeneration Campaign, 1937– 38.' Journal of Burma Studies, 14 . pp. 115-149. The published version should be cited. Mandy Sadan Syphilis and the Kachin Regeneration Campaign, 1937–38 This paper discusses the introduction of a policy known as the Kachin Regeneration Campaign in the Kachin Hills from 1937 to 1938. Initiated by a belief that the Kachin people were on the verge of dying out because of an epidemic of syphilis, the campaign reveals much about the realities of Kachin dissociation from the late colonial regime, contrasting sharply with the conventional historical narrative of Kachin compliance with imperial control. A significant part of the Regeneration Campaign’s agenda was a less publicly acknowledged awareness that former Kachin soldiers were becoming a potentially volatile interest group and that there was increasing discontent across the Kachin Hills with regard to the administration, the military and the missions. The paper uses the concept of a sick role to describe the approach of the Regeneration Campaign to Kachin society and discusses how the rhetoric of the campaign became embedded in the sermons of the local Christian missions, justifying changes to women’s roles and more recently impacting upon early responses to the spread of HIV/AIDS in the region. It is the general belief of all who are acquainted with the Kachin Hills, that the Kachins are a dying race doomed shortly to disappear unless specific measures are taken to save them.
  • Weekly Briefing Note Southeastern Myanmar 22 - 28 May 2021 (Limited Distribution)

    Weekly Briefing Note Southeastern Myanmar 22 - 28 May 2021 (Limited Distribution)

    Weekly Briefing Note Southeastern Myanmar 22 - 28 May 2021 (Limited Distribution) This weekly briefing note, covering humanitarian developments in Southeastern Myanmar from 22 to 28 May, is produced by the Kayin Inter-Agency Coordination of the Southeastern Myanmar Working Group. Highlights • The humanitarian situation severely deteriorated throughout Kayah State, especially in Loikaw and Demoso Townships over the week and has resulted in the displacement of more than 70,000 people since 20 May 2021. • Clashes between the Karen National Union (KNU) and Myanmar Military Forces (MAF) continued in Kayin State and Eastern Bago. • Armed conflict, movement restrictions, landmine risks and displacement continue to severely impact communities, particularly in socio-economic terms. Commodity prices have increased, unemployment is high, and local populations are unable to continue their livelihoods activities. • In areas where fighting is more sporadic, Internally Displaced Populations (IDPs) remain in hiding due to the unpredictability of the situation and fear of further attacks, particularly airstrikes. • Displaced populations continue to have limited access to food, shelter, hygiene and sanitation. Humanitarian Situation The security situation continues to be tense in southeastern Myanmar with indiscriminate mortar shelling, deployment of armed forces and explosions in various locations. Intensified clashes were particularly observed in Kayah State, eastern Bago Region and Kayin State during the week. In Kayin State, clashes between the Karen National Union (KNU) and the Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF) were observed in Ma Htaw and Khway Thay villages in Hpapun Township on 21 and 22 May 20211 2 3 and in Wah Lu, Mae Waing, Hpar Loh Doh and Hpar Loh Pho areas, as well as on the road between Hpapun and Ka Taing Ti in Hpapun Township on 24 and 25 May 2021.4 5 Two landmine incidents were reported from Hpapun Township, near War Tho Kho village, on the road between Kamamaung and Hpapun on 24 and 25 May 2021.
  • Title <Book Reviews>Mandy Sadan. 『Being and Becoming Kachin

    Title <Book Reviews>Mandy Sadan. 『Being and Becoming Kachin

    <Book Reviews>Mandy Sadan. 『Being and Becoming Title Kachin: Histories Beyond the State in the Borderworlds of Burma』 Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, 470p. Author(s) Imamura, Masao Citation Southeast Asian Studies (2015), 4(1): 199-206 Issue Date 2015-04 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/197733 Right ©Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Book Reviews 199 Being and Becoming Kachin: Histories Beyond the State in the Borderworlds of Burma MANDY SADAN Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, 470p. Over the past 15 years, Mandy Sadan has single-handedly launched new historical scholarship on the Kachin people. The Kachin, a group of highlanders who mostly reside in the northern region of Myanmar, had long been widely known among academics, thanks to Edmund Leach’s 1954 clas- sic Political Systems of Highland Burma: A Study of Kachin Social Structure. The lack of access to Myanmar, however, has meant that until very recently scholarly discussions were often more about Leach and his theory than about the Kachin people themselves. Sadan, an English historian, has introduced an entirely new set of historical studies from a resolutely empirical perspective. The much-anticipated monograph, Being and Becoming Kachin: Histories Beyond the State in the Border- worlds of Burma, brings together the fruits of her scholarship, including a surprisingly large amount of findings that have not been published before. This publication is certainly a cause for celebration, especially because it is rare that such a thick monograph exclusively focused on one ethnic minor- ity group is published at all nowadays.1) With this monograph, Sadan has again raised the standard of Kachin scholarship to a new level.
  • Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar

    Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar

    Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar Asia Report N°312 | 28 August 2020 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 235 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. A Legacy of Division ......................................................................................................... 4 A. Who Lives in Myanmar? ............................................................................................ 4 B. Those Who Belong and Those Who Don’t ................................................................. 5 C. Contemporary Ramifications..................................................................................... 7 III. Liberalisation and Ethno-nationalism ............................................................................. 9 IV. The Militarisation of Ethnicity ......................................................................................... 13 A. The Rise and Fall of the Kaungkha Militia ................................................................ 14 B. The Shanni: A New Ethnic Armed Group ................................................................. 18 C. An Uncertain Fate for Upland People in Rakhine
  • TANINTHARYI REGION, MYEIK DISTRICT Palaw Township Report

    TANINTHARYI REGION, MYEIK DISTRICT Palaw Township Report

    THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census TANINTHARYI REGION, MYEIK DISTRICT Palaw Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population October 2017 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Tanintharyi Region, Myeik District Palaw Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population Office No.48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431062 www.dop.gov.mm October 2017 Figure 1 : Map of Tanintharyi Region, showing the townships Palaw Township Figures at a Glance 1 Total Population 93,438 2 Population males 45,366 (48.6%) Population females 48,072 (51.4%) Percentage of urban population 20.3% Area (Km2) 1,652.3 3 Population density (per Km2) 56.6 persons Median age 22.9 years Number of wards 5 Number of village tracts 20 Number of private households 18,525 Percentage of female headed households 24.2 % Mean household size 5.0 persons4 Percentage of population by age group Children (0 – 14 years) 35.7% Economically productive (15 – 64 years) 58.8% Elderly population (65+ years) 5.5% Dependency ratios Total dependency ratio 70.1 Child dependency ratio 60.7 Old dependency ratio 9.4 Ageing index 15.5 Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 94 Literacy rate (persons aged 15 and over) 94.4% Male 94.9% Female 94.0% People with disability Number Per cent Any form of disability 9,018 9.7 Walking 3,137 3.4 Seeing 5,655 6.1 Hearing 2,464 2.6 Remembering 2,924 3.1 Type of Identity Card (persons aged 10 and over) Number Per cent Citizenship Scrutiny 51,835
  • The Union Report the Union Report : Census Report Volume 2 Census Report Volume 2

    The Union Report the Union Report : Census Report Volume 2 Census Report Volume 2

    THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report The Union Report : Census Report Volume 2 Volume Report : Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2 Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population May 2015 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2 For more information contact: Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population Office No. 48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431 062 www.dop.gov.mm May, 2015 Figure 1: Map of Myanmar by State, Region and District Census Report Volume 2 (Union) i Foreword The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census (2014 MPHC) was conducted from 29th March to 10th April 2014 on a de facto basis. The successful planning and implementation of the census activities, followed by the timely release of the provisional results in August 2014 and now the main results in May 2015, is a clear testimony of the Government’s resolve to publish all information collected from respondents in accordance with the Population and Housing Census Law No. 19 of 2013. It is my hope that the main census results will be interpreted correctly and will effectively inform the planning and decision-making processes in our quest for national development. The census structures put in place, including the Central Census Commission, Census Committees and Offices at all administrative levels and the International Technical Advisory Board (ITAB), a group of 15 experts from different countries and institutions involved in censuses and statistics internationally, provided the requisite administrative and technical inputs for the implementation of the census.
  • A Faith-Driven Protocol on Gratitude, Forgiveness, and Stress for Chin

    A Faith-Driven Protocol on Gratitude, Forgiveness, and Stress for Chin

    A FAITH-DRIVEN PROTOCOL ON GRATITUDE, FORGIVENESS, AND STRESS FOR CHIN REFUGEES FROM BURMA: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY by Sally Goh Liberty University A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Liberty University February 2017 A FAITH-DRIVEN PROTOCOL ON GRATITUDE, FORGIVENESS, AND STRESS FOR CHIN REFUGEES FROM BURMA: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY by Sally Goh A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 2017 APPROVED BY: _____________________________ Fernando Garzon, Ph.D., Committee Chair _____________________________ Joy Mwendwa, Ph.D., Committee Member _____________________________ Melvin Pride, Ph.D., Committee Member ii ABSTRACT The influx of immigrants from a diverse cultural and religious tradition into the United States has renewed counselors’ and researchers' interest in how collectivistic populations from a refugee background experience pre-settlement and post-settlement stress in this country. Refugees who have experienced trauma before their settlement are more likely to experience increasing psychiatric pressure from daily stressors such as language barriers, employment difficulties, familial and generational conflicts, and dwindling psychosocial support. However, some refugee populations, such as the Chin people from Burma, have a low-uptake of help-seeking for their psychological problems, leading to more insufficient adjustment to the host culture. Since the Christian faith and the exercise of spiritual disciplines play a critical role in the mental and subjective health of the Chin population, this researcher conducted a workshop to teach a faith- driven approach (also known as GRACE). This exploratory study will describe the development, rationale, and implementation of the protocol.
  • Vidya Tama Saputra.Pdf

    Vidya Tama Saputra.Pdf

    DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember DISKRIMINASI ETNIS ROHINGYA OLEH PEMERINTAH MYANMAR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST ETHNIC ROHINGYA BY GOVERNMENT OF MYANMAR SKRIPSI diajukan guna melengkapi tugas akhir dan memenuhi syarat-syarat untuk menyelesaikan Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional (S1) dan mencapai gelar Sarjana Sosial Oleh: VIDYA TAMA SAPUTRA NIM 050910101033 JURUSAN ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2010 DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN Skripsi ini penulis persembahkan untuk: 1.) Almamater Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember; 2.) Keluarga dan teman-teman yang telah memberikan dukungan untuk penyelesaian skripsi ini; 3.) Pihak-pihak lainnya yang tidak mungkin disebutkan secara keseluruhan, penulis sampaikan terima kasih atas dukungannya. ii DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember MOTTO “Jadilah Orang Baik” iii DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember HALAMAN PERNYATAAN Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini. Nama : Vidya Tama Saputra NIM : 050910101033 Menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa karya tulis ilmiah yang berjudul: ” Diskriminasi Etnis Rohingya Oleh Pemerintah Myanmar” adalah benar-benar hasil karya sendiri, kecuali jika disebutkan sumbernya dan belum pernah diajukan pada institusi manapun, serta bukan karya jiplakan. Saya bertanggung jawab atas keabsahan kebenaran isinya sesuai dengan sikap ilmiah
  • Ethnic History and Identity of the Zo Tribes in North East India

    Ethnic History and Identity of the Zo Tribes in North East India

    Journal of North East India Studies Vol. 5(1), Jan.-Jun. 2015, pp. 39-50. Ethnic History and Identity of the Zo Tribes in North East India H. Thangtungnung North East India is a hotspot of identity crisis and ethnic divisions. The Chin, Kuki, Zomi and Mizo tribes who are collectively known as Zo people are no exception. They have close cultural, lingual and religious affinities and a com- mon ancestor called Zo. Historically, they have different theories of origin and migration based on their folklores, folktales and songs narrated down from one generation to another. The different origin theories like the Khul/Chhinlung or Cave origin theory, Chin Hills origin theory and Lost tribe (Manmasi) theory are among the most significant theories so far which speak, to some extent, some- thing about their history and origin. Of late, the Lost Tribe theory has gained momentum which claims that the Zo tribes are among the ten lost tribes of Israel, particularly from the tribe of Manasseh. Israeli Chief Rabbi Shlomo Amar had recognised them as descendents of Israel in 2005, which was also approved by the Israeli government. Many have consequently immigrated to the ‘Holy Land’. In this backdrop, this paper is attempts to critically analyse and assess the ethnic origin of the Zo people with special reference to the lost tribe theory. Based on cultural and oral traditions, and Biblical sources, it also attempts to support that the Zo people are the ten lost tribe of Israel by substantiating various arguments to validate this origin theory. Keywords: Zo, Khul origin theory, Chin Hills theory, Lost tribe, Manmasi Introduction The Zo people are indigenous tribes of Manipur and Mizoram in Northeast India, Bangladesh and Chin State of Myanmar.
  • Statelessness in Myanmar

    Statelessness in Myanmar

    Statelessness in Myanmar Country Position Paper May 2019 Country Position Paper: Statelessness in Myanmar CONTENTS Summary of main issues ..................................................................................................................... 3 Relevant population data ................................................................................................................... 4 Rohingya population data .................................................................................................................. 4 Myanmar’s Citizenship law ................................................................................................................. 5 Racial Discrimination ............................................................................................................................... 6 Arbitrary deprivation of nationality ....................................................................................................... 7 The revocation of citizenship.................................................................................................................. 7 Failure to prevent childhood statelessness.......................................................................................... 7 Lack of naturalisation provisions ........................................................................................................... 8 Civil registration and documentation practices .............................................................................. 8 Lack of Access and Barriers
  • Languages in the Rohingya Response

    Languages in the Rohingya Response

    Languages in the Rohingya response This overview relates to a Translators without Borders (TWB) study of the role of language in humanitarian service access and community relations in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh and Sittwe, Myanmar. Language use and word choice has implications for culture, identity and politics in the Myanmar context. Six languages play a role in the Rohingya response in Myanmar and Bangladesh. Each brings its own challenges for translation, interpretation, and general communication. These languages are Bangla, Chittagonian, Myanmar, Rakhine, Rohingya, and English. Bangla Bangla’s near-sacred status in Bangladeshi society derives from the language’s tie to the birth of the nation. Bangladesh is perhaps the only country in the world which was founded on the back of a language movement. Bangladeshi gained independence from Pakistan in 1971, among other things claiming their right to use Bangla and not Urdu. Bangladeshis gave their lives for the cause of preserving their linguistic heritage and the people retain a patriotic attachment to the language. The trauma of the Liberation War is still fresh in the collective memory. Pride in Bangla as the language of national unity is unique in South Asia - a region known for its cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity. Despite the elevated status of Bangla, the country is home to over 40 languages and dialects. This diversity is not obvious because Bangladeshis themselves do not see it as particularly important. People across the country have a local language or dialect apart from Bangla that is spoken at home and with neighbors and friends. But Bangla is the language of collective, national identity - it is the language of government, commerce, literature, music and film.
  • PA) PROFILES LENYA LANDSCAPE (“R2R Lenya”, Aka Lenya Proposed Protected Area, Which Is Currently Lenya Reserved Forest

    PA) PROFILES LENYA LANDSCAPE (“R2R Lenya”, Aka Lenya Proposed Protected Area, Which Is Currently Lenya Reserved Forest

    ANNEX 11: Lenya Profile LANDSCAPE / SEASCAPE AND PROTECTED AREA (PA) PROFILES LENYA LANDSCAPE (“R2R Lenya”, aka Lenya Proposed Protected Area, which is currently Lenya Reserved Forest) Legend for this map of Lenya Landscape is provided at the end of this annex. I. Baseline landscape context 1. 1 Defining the landscape: Lenya Landscape occupies the upper Lenya River Basin in Kawthaung District, and comprises the Lenya Proposed National Park (LPNP), which was announced in 2002 for the protection of Gurney’s pitta and other globally and nationally important species, all of which still remain (see below). The LPNP borders align with those of the Lenya Reserve Forest (RF) under which the land is currently classified, however its status as an RF has to date not afforded it the protection from encroachment and other destructive activities to protect the HCVs it includes. The Lenya Proposed National Park encompasses an area of 183,279ha directly south of the Myeik-Kawthaung district border, with the Lenya Proposed National Park Extension boundary to the north, the Parchan Reserve Forest to the south and the Thai border to the east. The site is located approximately 260km south of the regional capital of Dawei and between 20-30km east of the nearest administrative town of Bokpyin. Communities are known to reside within the LPNP area as well as on its immediate boundaries across the LPNP. Some small settled areas can be found in the far south-east, along the Thai border, where heavy encroachment by smallholder agriculture can also be found and where returning Myanmar migrants to Thailand may soon settle; Karen villages which have resettled (following the signing of a peace treaty between the Karen National Union (KNU) and the Myanmar government) on land along the Lenya River extending into the west of LPNP; and in the far north where a significant number of hamlets (in addition to the Yadanapon village) have developed in recent years along the the Yadanapon road from Lenya village to Thailand.