MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONALill/Pi AU (A';1.1n1(1.1f,T, lqh; A DOCUMENT RESUME
'ED. 168 954 SO 011 627 TITLE Seventh National 'Conference on Citizenship. INSTITUTION Department. of Justice, Washington, D.C.;, National
Education Association, Washington, D.C. - ' PUB DATE Sep 52 NOTE 52p.; For related documents, see SO 011 621-626;Not available in hard copy frbm EDRS due toworn print . type of original document; Proceedings fromthe National Conference on Citizenship of the National. Education Assocition (7th, Washington, D.C.,' September 17-19 1952)
EDRS PRICE MFO1 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS., RESCRIPTCRS *American Culture; *Citizen Participation; *CitiZenship; *Citizenship. Responsibility; Civics; Critical Thinking; Democratic Values; *Educational Needs4'Educational Objectives; Elementary Secondary- Education; Global Approach;-GovernmentRole; Higher Eddcation; Leadership Qualities; Leadership Responsibility; Moral Development; peace; Politics; SocialChange; SocioeConomic Influences; *United States History; Values; War ABSTRACT The document presents proceedings from the. seventhin a series of annual national citizenship conferences. Held in Washington, D.C. in September, 1952, theconference served as a forum for more than 1i000'educational, politidal, buSiness,religious, labor; civic, and communications leadersto explore fundtions and duties of AZerican cite enship. The themeof the.conference.was "Rights of the Citizen. nder the Constitution."speakers.focused upon helping citizens exercise theironstitutional rights, encouraging voter turnout, conserving. the A; jricanway of life, fostering.- appreciativn of the privilegeS and dutiesof'American citizenship, improving ti% democratic process, and preServingfreedoms guaranteed by.the Conititution. Eighteen discusSion.groupsfocused on Constitutional rights and identified problemsrelated to the .exercise. of these rights. Rights identifiedas fundamental included fair and speedy trial, equal justice .under law, freedom ofspeech, and the rightto dissent: Civic responsibilities identifiedas attendant to these' rights included voting, 'obeying duly enacted lawS,paying taxes, 'supporting the armed forces, opposing subversivepersons and organizations, and pgtting public interest aheadof private advancement. suggestions for increasing 'constructivecitizenship action included increasing civic participation,improving citizenship education in schools, reducing discrimillation, increasing 'neighborliness, and reducing civic apathy.,(DB)
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SEVENTH NATIONAL CONFERECE ON CITIZENSHIP
Under Auspices of the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENTOF JUSTICE and the NATIONAL EDUGATION ASSOCIATION
3 Stater Hotel AY Washington, D. C. September 17-19, 1952
Published by
The Citizenship Committee 1. of the National Education Association 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington 6, D. C. Single copies, 50 c nts.Regular NEA discounts. h's Table of Contents - PAGE A Spirit of Unity New Citizens Take Oath 5 Conference Theme and Objectives 6 Honorary Chairman and Sponsor 8
Conference Co-Chairmen Share Gavel - 9. Heads of Sponsoring Organizations Meet 10 Another Milestone 11
The Conference Opens 12 The Happiest Day of My Life -..-.. Good, Smart Men and Women 15 Citizenship Day Pageant 16 The Constitution and the Citizen 19 Youip Shares Spotlight 21 Coming Together on Common Ground 23 Conference Exhibits and Coffee Hours . 26, The People Themselves..
'I Speak for Dernocrticy' 29 Pledge Themselves, One to Another 30 'God, We Thank Thee'i 34 "... One of the Most Important Things That Can Happen -35
. Overtone of the Seventh National Coqference 37 Plartning ComMittcc 40 Attorney General's Advisory Committee -litany, People Share 42 Officers of The National Education Association 44 Program 45 A List of Participating' Institutions. Organizatiots, and Agencies 52, The full proceedings of eon fvence sessions afe published in USACitizunshin. available from the United States Department of Jia.tice
Pictures by the United States Department of Justice andChase Studio,
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New Citizens Take Oath
The Presidential Room at the Studer Hotel tenipo- rights, and that these rights must be respected. rarily became a court room as theMonorable Harry We ask you to join with us in winking to M. Hull. the Clerk of the Court, administered the put into effect our basic ideals of tolerance oath'of allegiance to 54 petitioners. Special arrange- and friendship and equality. We ask you to mentS were made in order'. that this unusual feature help us defend this country against its enemies, could be a part9 of the- Conference program. The and to join in our efforts to create a new clay Honorable F. Dickinson Letts, United States District for the worlda day when there shall be real fudge,' presided.President Harry 5'. Truman earlier iieacepeae based on the ideals of justice and said A° these new citizens:. , human brotherhood: We .are glad you are abalk, to join us. These' are the ideals to which this nation.Jf A immigrants dedicated itself 165 years ago when Here you will be fellow citizens with people cur Constitution was signed.These are the from other lands, some of them from countries ideals which we are still strivingimperfectly which may have been hostile to your oid home- at times, but with increasing successto carry lands. We expect our citizens to put asilile out in this wonderful country of our these old nationalistic or racial feuds. They have no place here.. We welcome you not to -This National Conference on Citizen hip a narrow nationalism but ta'great community has always taken' a deep interest in the ob, bated on a set of universal ideals. lems of those who immigrate to A erica. Today, it is more important than ever to con- We believe that all men have the same tinue this interest.
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UNCEASING STUDY -
INTELLIGENT PARTICIPATION
'
MUTUAL
. RESPECT
" Al1/411) THE CITIZEN, The Responsibilities of the Citizen Under the Constitution
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objeCtives of the conference To r-examine the functions and duties of Ameri- Van citizenship in today's world. To ast in' the development of moredynaniic proceres for making citizenship more effec- -.. ave. To indicate the ways and means by which various -organizations may contribute concretely to the development of a more active, alert, enlight- ened, conscientious, and progressive citizenry
in our country. °
EFFECTIVE CITIZENSHIP t
HONORARY CHAIRMAN The Honorable Alben W. -Barkley,'. Vice President the United States
HONORARY,SPONSORS. ti Mrs. Oscar AAhlgren, President, General Federation Mrs. Newton P. Leonard, Prerident, National Con-
0 I tromen , Clubs . gress of Parents and Teachers . FlorenceE.Allen, Judge. United States Court of Argyle R. Mackey, Commissioner, Immigration, ang Appeals, Sixth .Circuit Naturalization Service . Ellis Gibbs'A,rnall, Former Governor of Georgia Ross R. Malone, Jr., Deputy Attorney. General; '21?e, . Edwarki Arnord, Actor . partment ofJustice '..- Hugh S. lionar, ;Superintendent and Prerident oi"Abe George Mardikian, Presid6, American Naticoial College, Township. Junior High School rind Junior Committee to Aid Homeless Arnisnians College. Joliet, Illinois Earl James McGrath, United States rtimiisioner of
. Mrs. Harold Hitz Burton 4,. Edtication William G. Carr, Executiveecretary, Na rinal I-oward McGrath,, Former Attorney -General cation Association ,. .° John A. McIntire, Special Assistant to he Chaiiman, Tom C. Clark, Associate !Justice, Supreme .g4 y.The Renegotiikion Board the.U:niled States . 1?1,1,-,grilest 0. Merby, Dean, Sc4o1 of Education, New Frank I. Delarly, President,. Federal Bat 4106,4- ?1' l'prk University twit .. v, -,', Aratson B.Miller, Member, Subversive Activitiesili ,.. ... Martha M. E1i4hief. Children's ..Bu'rbau,''" P,e ci=.' pra 1'N',,. ContrqlyBoar,d e ,.. . 1 .: - ,,,,, : Secur Agen Joy -timer 'Morgan, Editor, The, Journal of the Na- Phillip Fo , Chief Judge, United Stlites,Distriq ,.. 4tio' nal 'Education. Association. 1' -Court. District of New Jersey 7 <': ' O'Kuse Maurice Morris, Speaker;House o" f Deputies, . Willard E. Givens, Former ExecutiveSecretitry, Na- Intl4inational Bar Associd*n
tional EdUcation' ASS dation ° ,- G. Fitderijk Mullen, Director,° Public Information, .Lewis K. Gough,NationsC rten'andi.i,The- Ameri- DePartment of justice can Legion ., . Philip Murray, President, Congress of Industrial Or- Frank P. Giaham, Defense Administration, -ganizations (deceased) Department of Labor Walter E. -Myer, Director, Civic Education Service William Green, President, American Federation of Angelo Patri, Teacher-Author,, Putnam County, New Labor(deceased) York a, Earl G. Harrison. Former Commissioner, Immigra- Philip B. Perlman,-F6rmer. So1,07or Gener al tion and Naturalization. Service Dan Pyle, Judge, St2Joseph Circuit CoPtrt, South A. J. Hayes, Prerident, International Association of. Bend, Indiana , Machinists . . , Susan B. Riley, President, American Association, of Hubert. H. Eumphrey2. United. StatesSenator from University Wooten Afinnesota WilliamF: President,TeachersCollege, liiC arles S. Johnson, President, Fisk University Columbia University isJohnston, President, Motion Picture Association Willis Smith, United States Senator from North of America, Inc. , Carolina -4. W. P. Kennedy, President, Brotherhood of Railroad Millicent 3. Taylor, Education Editor, The Christian * TrainVen _ Science Monitor Sidney G. Kuiworm,' Chairman, Commissionon - 'Chad Ormond Williams, Fornier President, National Americanisinland Civic. Affairs, Bnai B'rith Education Association .,,, Thomas J.Lane, .Congressman from Massachuset George Thomas Washington, Judge, United'States Roy E.Larsen, ChairAn. National Citizens Com-0 Court of .peals nth's:on for the Public Schools ..
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Conference Cojhas Chairman of 136 Radio and Televitio , the gaal to Mitt Junior High 54001 1,
9 &ads Of sponsoring organizations me eral James P. McGranery shakes bawl i'resiclent of the National Education. Au tibn Alsociation and the United States D, the Conference, and support a joint ci arrangement r.
Depa Justin, / Robert Patricia Carolyn George *Leo M. Carl B.
Confer
10 Another Milestone The united strength of our nation is,oneof thegreatestmiracles of our age.No other nation holds' within its boundaries ,as great a As we assemble for the Seventh Annual National heterogeneity of_ groups as does our country. Confererice On Citizenship, I am happy to join Mes. We have a ,greater variety of nationality groups; Caldwell, President of the National Education Asso- a greater proportion of representatives of eacial ciation, in extending friendliest and warmest greet- groups; a greater diy-ergence of religious,groups; ings to you at the beginning of three historic days. more labor groups; social groups; professional groups; more varieties of any groups you may I speak to you as one grateful for the honor and think of than any otherpnation.By all the ex- the privilege of raking part in the first official ob- perience of ages past, we should long ago have senance of the newly established "Citizenship Day," perished from dissension and internalstrife. commemorating, as it does, the signing of the Consti- Yet, whenever a great challenge has come; we tution on September 17, 165 years ago. have so far rallied to the common cause with a unity that has hardly been approached by nations "Citizenship Day" offers an opportunity. for all of more 'homogeneous composition. citizens to rededicate themselves to. the ideals and principles of our nation,to re-emp'hasize thefull, The effects of this Conference reaching out meaning of United States Citizenship by honoring through all the states and territories, mrougn those who reach voting age and those who, having all the organizations represented here, can be- come to us from foreign shores, have attained citizen- come a mighor force to bring about a stronger ship through the naturalization process, f-1 America. Each person here today bears an awful responsibility, for if we are to meet our As I welcome you today, I am deeply aware of the challenge here, wej must kindle anew the zeal inspiration enkindled by this magnificent assemblage of our progenitors who founded and .carried for- of American citizens repcesenting organizations corn- ward this great nation, and somehow infuse it prizing a membership that can be counted in the into the thousands of our fellow citizens whom millions. -You have come together with a .single each of us represents.I sujest that this Con- objectiveto advance the welfare of our country ference should endeavor to be the peaceful by improved techniques for the perpetuation of its counterpart of a national crisis.Our challenge' principles. should be to find the means, the technique;, the processes to arouse epeacetime appreciation and In lour midsIat this moment are 60 men and women zeal for the critical elements of our American from numerous other lands who aril anxiously count- unity, strength, and intelligent self-confidence. ing the seconds until, they can anon American citi- i'zenshipone ofthii most precious possessions in Richard B. Kennan the world today.... Under our Constitution, *0 have demonstrated to When the 39 delegates signed the Constitution the world that people of varying, creeds, national in 1787, they made the American people a nation. origins, and beliefs can 'work together harmoniously. Events since then have given eloquent testimony We have found a way of working together and pro- to the enduring greatness of the document venerated viding the richness of life which is born of variety, not only by Americans, but by freedom-loving people for we have remained ever conscious of ourcommon the world over.It is the American Ark of the Cove- human origin, human nature, and human destiny. nant:itisthe symbol and the warranty Of our freedoms. : This gathering is a ringing answer to the enemies of democracy at home and abroadyes, a positive an- The complex world of today could never have been swer to those who would subvert the republic and foreseen by the drafters of our Constitution, and yet attempt to destroy our democratic way of life. their document founded on eternal principles has served to ad if to every possible economic and In the Seventh Annual Citizenship Conference we social up ea technology,and the inventiveness reach another milestone in human relations and in of man hay ought.Its flexibility, born of far activities to further study of the highest concept of perspective, ha evbled it to prevail while fantastic the citizen. changes have come to our civilization, socially, and economically. James P. McGranery
All addresNes of the Conference are given in excerpt form only.
1I 1 fl ft:. Attorney General lamer P. McGranery he delegates -to the first general session'. re sent by the 13 original states. ft: Mrs. Sarah C. _Caldwell, President, of al Education Association, and Attorney 1es P. McGranery welcome the Honorable -uman, President of the United States. ;ht: the President addresses the delegates citizens.
;ht: The Honorable Argyle R. Mackey, er of the Immigration and Naturalization !es the hand of T/Sgt. Arthur C. Furring- veteran of Korean action, holder of the I and Bronze Star.Sgt. Farrington said ?rence: are people in this country who -have working ansuffering for America. e even someho are actively working t.Thil large, majority, however, are in and day out.working for America r hands, their hearts, and their minds. )ple must join this large majority: fitsare yoursa better country, a e!
Mrs. Helen T. Nelson, Deputy' Clerk, District Court for the District of iolum- 'wside Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Hu On of has just taken her oath as a citizen of 'tater. ...The Happiest Day of My Life..."
NEA Prendent Sarah C. Caldwell greeir Airs Anna laws of the. United States of America against Falcone and Airs StephenHuai/who hare been all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will granted their citizenthip paper!' at the naturalization bear true faith and allegiance to the 'same; proceedonfr held at the opening ser.tion Of the Coil- that I will bear arms on behalf of the United S fereirce.Sergeant Hurley, who ir stationed at Fort States or perform noncontbattryice in the AlciirtAir,. California,met hisu.ife, Alm Hurley, Armed Forces of the United Stare's when re- whenhetern statumed in Gernainv.Airs. Falcone wired by law; and that-I take this obligation originally hired in Ffiggia, Italy.' Mrs. Falcone and freely and without any mental reservationsor Hurley had jtisttaken the ;nor* oath-of purpose of evasion; so help- inc, God. allcgn cc: I hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely Airs. Faleone Tatar said to the Conference: and 'entirely renounA and abjure all allegiance- My husband is a citizen and my children are and-fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, citizens, and now I am happy to say weare state, or sovereignty of whom or which I have all citizens of this great country of the United heretofore been a subject or citizen; thatI States of America.... This is the happiest day will.support and defend the Constitution and of my life.
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1 ,IfNile. the people of Amenca, are to succeed- as right' things. We have our responsibilities deariv )eaders in capturing the offensive in this world- strug- in mind. We recognize ourselves to. behe instru- gleand in establishing a global society that respects ments for helping these' children -groW up as pcopie the dignity, and, suprenie importance of the individ- whoAcnow and value rheircpuntrv's history and tra- ual, we must tiie good, smart men and women. We dition; people skilled economically, viicationaily, ' must be capable of evaluating thechanging tide of dally, and Politically; people alert, informed. consci- events, ready to act with wisdom and dispatch,and entious, tolerant, and .progressive; people who recog- conscious of ,our responsibilities. nize and are prepared for their rights and responsibili- tieS as citizens under the Constitution. I don't mean we to imply only those in our present , adult generatioh.Beink veryrealistic aboutthe This is no simple task. matter. the obligations for world leadership fliht our country faces will probably last for decades.Genera- Actually ours is a job 'of human engineering. Each tions to come will have a potent part to play in child must .be handled carefully, touched gently and formulating and or maintaining world policies that with no unskilled hand if we would have him grow uphold humanitarian tradition and faith in democracy. up a friend and an asset to his country,rather than an enemy and a liability. The abilities needed to do the tremendous tasks I am talking about don't come just -naturally.- They Because we realize the magnitude of the responsi- must Ise _carefully developed underskilled guidance. bility that is ours, we, the teachers of America, through Men and women9Fnust be prepare51, for such effective the National Education Association, have again en- citizenship.' thusiastically. co-sponsored this Conference on Citizen- ship. Itis with high hopes that we seek from yob Our nation's schools are a vital avenue of this here help to do our job better.Ac the same time preparation. we feel certain that as a resultof these meetings you will be more skilled, more resolutein your deter- No other. institution is in a better position to de- mination to do those things in your own "avenues" velop to a maximum the human capabilities within that will count most in preparing the people of our our land. No other institution is in abetter position nation to be kood citizens. to prepare an oncoming group of loyal,intelligent, healthy youthyoung Americans who will gradually It is in this spirit that 1 bid you welcome and wish take their places as adults capable and willing to do you success in the work about tobe undertaken; those things that contribute most to safeguard our and with Owen Seaman I would say: way of life. You that have faith to look with fearless eyes The public school _holds this unique position be- Upon the tragedy of a world at strife, cause itis an integral part of the structure of our. And know, that out of night and death shall rise society.It is everywherein city, town, and village; The dawn of ampler life: on the -open prairies; perched onmountain sides. It belongs to the people.Its doors are open to all "Rejoice! whatever anguish rend your heart, of the children of all the people.Children come That God hath given you this priceless dower, from every walk of lifemore than 30 millions of To liie in these great times and have your part In Freedom's crowning hour; them.They represent every type of home.They bespeak a wide variety of economic, social, religious, 'That you may tell your sons, who see the light and cultural backgrrmOS. Th1 Core to 162m. High in their heritage to take: 'I saw the powers of darkness put 'to flight! Those of us who are working in the classrooms 1 saw the morning break!' throughout the nation are dedicated to the great service of teaching these boys and girls to learn the Sarah C. Caldwell
15 13 Above: Participants gather for a colorful afternoon ceremony at the Irashington Monument.This pro- gram was sponsored and arratzged by the District of Columbia Citizenship Day Committee.
Left center: Costiimed representatives of the-Daugh- ters of the American Revolution await the beginning A of the program.
Lower left: Boy Scouts stanil at attention as flags are lifted at the base of the Washington Monument. _
-.1:414+41r.4%. "'"' Upper right: Colonel Waldron E. Leonard, Chair- man of the, District of Columbia Citizenship Day Committee. welcomes the gathering.
5 Right center: Dr. J. J. Brewbaker, representative of the Governor of Virginia, goer to the monument to lay the wreath for Virginia, tenth state to ratify the Constitution.
Lower right: The pageant closes with the laving of wreaths at the base of the monument. '4 REPRESEN7 STATES LE RATIFY1IN
Delaware
Pennsylm
New Jers
Georgia:
Connectic
ilauachu
Maryland.
South Cur
Ne-w Horn
Virginia:
New Yon!
North Car
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.1 Platform guests watch (left)as, at the foot of tije Washington Monument (right) thepageant nears crimpletiOn.
fs Below: Tom F.Clear,in costume. jrepresenting "-the other 35 states and the 'territories," ;landsbehind Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization Orgyle R. Mackey; American LegionDepartment .Commander Robert A. Bunch; and Miss Maria dela Hull of the Columbia ()Pena Company,who sang The National Anthem and "God BlessAmerica" ai .1 part of the open-air program.
PARTICIPANTS FROM THE DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION-(
Mrs. Henry F. Bishop--President,State Regent's Club Mrs. George B. HartmanState Chairman,Manual for Citizenship Mrs. William D. WrightsonRegent. Armyand Navy Chapter TheDaughters of the American Revolution who Mrs. Allen WrennState RecordingSecretary servedas Page carrying the state flags. were: Mrs. James M. HaswellState Chairman, Americanism Mrs.J. W. Butler Mrs. Clark RidenState Chairman. MissEstelle Cain Valley Forge Mrs.Dorothy De Shazo Mrs. Arthur C. HoughtonPastPresident. Daughters Colonial Wars MissLois Dorrence Mrs. Nelson BuddState Chairman, Mrs.Althea Evans Correct Use Flag MissMary Jane Evans Mrs. William P. HoweStateChairman, Press Rela- tions Mrs.Jon Hajnel Mrs. Paul J. EiOhorn--State. Chairman: Mrs.Fiera Jackson Good Citizens MksiBonnie Jones Mrs. James D. Skinner Part StateRegent Mrs.Jean Kelly Mrs. Howard BooherState Historian Kay Nebel Mrs. C. Clarke YoungRegent,Mary Washington Mrs. Chapter Jean Poland Mrs.W. M. Simod
18 16 The Constitution and the Citizen
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Fundamentally, the principles of the Constitution are simple and easily -understandable.Most of them were once so well understogd by most of thepeople that they were willing to fight and die to establish them. A community which was suddenly over- whelmed_ by a regiment of soldiers and required to house, feed and serve them, was not in any daubt about what it meant to have soldiers "quartered" in their houses. A man who on March first did an act which was then perfectly innocent, but which act was made a crime retroactively at a legislative session mean when I.say that the Constitution could be well the following September, was not imdoubt as to the taught, even \to young children. devastating effect upon . him. of such ex port facto legislation. A member of a jury who refused to join The Commerce Clause says that Congress shall have in what seemed to him an unjust verdict, as instructed power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and by a judge, and who as a result was put in jail, and among the, several states, and with the Indian tribes. he and Ins family forbidden to own or enjoy his prop- That last clause, about the Indian trilSes, pretty well erty or honors or position, had no 'lioubt about the shows the level of "internal commerce in those days. effect of "bills of attainder." ver .boats and sailing vessels ran up and down the ss and along the rivers; horseback couriers, oxcarts, In fact; if our schools were properly equipped horse- and mule-drawn wagons carried the land-wise and in my opinion they should bethere is no reason commerce.Fulton's steamboat"Fulton's folly" as why instruction in the meaning of the Constitution it was then calledmade its first trip twenty years could not begin in the grammar grades and proceed after the adoption of the Constitution.The Colonies with increasing comprehensiveness through the sec= had quarreled among the iliserves about their commer- ondary schools and colleges.My considered judg- cial relations and set up tariffs and embargoes against ment is that until we do have such instruction, we will each other.That was why .they gave over-all control not have the intelligent, understanding citizenship- of their commercial relations to the Federal Congr8s. participation in government which we desire and should have.After many years in educational work Probably no one except an occasional genius like and in public office, I know the "arguments of con- Benjamin Franklin even dreamed about such things venience" against this suggestion.To those of you ' as automobiles, trucks, telephones, airplanes, radio, who are, or will become, teachers or school board and television' which are regulated by the federal members and college trustees, I give this to you as a goveinment today. challenge.Your opportunity may come, as an indi- vidual; to urge and effect such changes in methods But even those forms of commerce do not by any, and procedures; or it may come as a member, of an means define the area into which the Commerce Clause organizationofficial or voluntarysuch as the many has taken the federal government today.In addition civic associations which we know so well in every to the Department of Commerce with its ranking community. member in the President's Cabinet, we have the Inter-. state Commerce Commission which regulates the rail- Too frequently, when the Constitution is being dis- roads;theFederalCommunications Commission cussed, emphasis is placed upon the rights and privi- which regulates telephones, telegraphs, radio, and leges clauses.These are highly important; but we television; the Federal Trade Commission prevents must keep them in proper pe,spective.Other provi-: the use ofknfait methods of competition and decep- sions of the Constitution contain highly important tive practices in advertising; the Securities and Ex- specifications as to ways and means of government. change Commission regulates the stock and other Moreover, the Constitution is full of fascinating things market exchanges; the Reconstruction Finance Cor- about, which most people never hear.Let me give poration aids in financing agriculture, commerce, and you two examples.One is what we call the "Com- industry; the Federal Power Commission regulates merce Clause."The. other we call the "Compact the transportation of natural gas and regulates the Clause."Just to state them, they sound pretty dull. location, construction, operation, and maintenance of But listen for a moment and you will see what I dams, conduits, reservoirs, power houses, transmission -
'19 4 1 Q.; . ,t . lines, and other works usedin development and dis- entered into the Northwestern. RegipnalEducation tribution of power; the Department of Justice en- Corripact., Other compacts relate to construction and forces a large scale code of interstate criminal laWs, use of bridges and tunnels, apportioenment of waters including laws, prohibiting monopolies in interstate from:rivers and lakes, harbor development, recreation , commerce.The federal government creates corpora- airpottss. and terniihals,. i?nprovement. of naviga tions like. TVA and develops great areas of agricul- congcrvation of fisheries, flood cuntrol. tural and industrial production undei. such 'immense strucres as Boulder Dun. the Grand Coulee, and These' are all areas- into which the federal- govern- Bo 'evilleiThe Weather Bureau, the Bureau of . pent might have entered.They are areas-in which Standards. the Aviation Authority, and many other the states can act .effectively upon a compact basis, agencies and activities of the far-flung and ,wide-. . if they ilre willing to do so.' And here is a way--1 spreading federal power. trace 134tck to those seven hiddeout of sight in the Constitution for all these words in the Constitution:to regulate commerce ... yearswhich has now been discovered and which is among the several states.-What an amazing docu- being used to restore state sovereignty and, state action. ment our Convitution has become!What i;apacity for growth andexpansUm it has shoyin- in moving on Is' it 'necessary to point out .that back of each such from the primitive beginnings of 1787 to the vast compact there has been intelligent ,and aggressive intercourse of today. work by, individuals and organizations?'This is citi- zenshipunder the Constitutionin its finest.f form. ,....-g.4 .. -Bin.-Ihear someone .sav, 'Ike think the federal . . . government is moving toofast apt too far.These Many similar_eL camples can be found in the Consti- are' things which the states should be doing for tution of such thingsiisthe Ctmmerce 'Clause and themselves.'To which someone else replies: "But the Compact Clause.There is no secret about them. these are things which go beyond state boundaries. No one has any monopoly interest in them.There A state cannot act whet.' the whole nation or a large is no word'in the Constitution which cannot be found region is involved."For many years that seemed to defined in an unabridged dictionary; and no word the be the end of the argument.Then suddenly some- meaning of which cannot be grasped by any intelli-, one discovered another little clause in the Constitu- gent, ,educated person. 0. Think of the numbers of tionwhat we call the Compact Claus. It says "No -peoplenor-law trainedwho hold' public office and state shall, without consent of Congress ..enti into E who have sworn to support the ConstitUtion.Are any agreement or compact with ariot er state .. ." they any more capable of understanding the signifi- cance of its fundamental principles than folks like This .Compact Clause appears among several other those who makeup the membership of our various prohibitions upon the'powers of states, such as en- organizations?I suggest that whenever a question gaging in war, making treaties with other nations, which seems difficult arises for determination, you coining money,.granting titles of nobility.For many arrange to have two attorneys of your respective com- years, no one thought of using compacts among states munities debate its Constitutional implications.It except for settlement of boundary disputes.Prior will be a big help to you in understanding the ques- to 1900. there had been only seventeen such cases. tion, and it may be even more revealing, perhaps, of Between 1900 and 1951, there have been approxi- the capacity of your attorneys. \rnately 112compacts, concerning many subjects. The greatest danger tothe Constitution' comes In other words, far from a prohibition of state ac- from insidious efforts to amend it by distortion and tionthe clause has now become a device by which misinterpretation.Men, who know sell that they the states can do many things by joint action.All could not accomplish their purposes by using the that is necessary is to get formal approval of,Congress. amenXent processes specified in the Constitution,- And, apparently, Congress is very happy to give its some es try to change its meaning and sometimes approvalthus avoiding the further expansion of succeedby processesofmisinterpretation which federal activity. could not withstand the scrutiny of judicial review. This becomes possible because most people are un- Among other things, all forty-eightstates have now aware of what is happening.This is why it is essen- joined in the use of thecompact clause to regulate tial that there be more widespread understanding of the use of parole, probation,arrests, and Other phases ,the Constitution and greater willingness to protest of criminal law administration.Fourteen states have its 'misuse or by-passing.Thisis the reason why joined in compacts for civil defense.Twenty -two( we should have more general understanding of the states have gotten' together on a compact relatingto meaning of the Constitution and more care in the oil production and distribution.Seven states have selection of qualified persons to carry out the specifi- formed the Northeastern Interstate ForestFire Pro- cations of its governmental blueprints. tection CompaCt.Six states have, formed the New England' 'Water Pollution CompactLFivestates have Justin Miller
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J Yogth-Shares Spotlight
.r-- t Above: A panel discussion was one of the. high lights of the evening session. Septoriber7.Those participating are, left to right: MA Le d Gibb,- President, Senior Class, High School, Monm uth, 111.; Mrs. Ruth Montgomery, Washington Correspondent, Nett Y k Daily News; Mr. Earl Reum, District Presid of the Catholic Student Federation, repre- senting t e-Catholic Civics Clubs; Miss Louise Britner, High School Student, Hagerstown, MarPapd; Dr. Wil, Liam S. Vincent, Executive' Officer; Citizenship Educa- tion Project, Teachers College, Columbia University Moderator; Miss Janice Cox, High School -Student, Carlsbad, New Mexico; Mr. JerryCarlisle,-1,1440..$,;.. School Student, Wooster, Ohio; the Honorable Edith h Cockrill, Judge, Juvenile Court, Washington, I. C.; Mr. Robert Wayne Raynesford, Jr., Head Prefict, St. Albans School, Washington, D. C. Yi, an, wt; The purpose of the panel,. Dr. Vincent outlined, veJ was to give a picture Of what schools are doing to ezic make better American citizens., He said: The main reason for having schools is a citizenship reason.This is certainly true of our vast system of public schools. ''There is no- reason, no reason.at'all, for having a system of public eplucation mandated.in every consti- tution of eV- ery one ofjhe 48' stares, paid for out of public tax funds with pupils compelled by law to attend, except a citizenship reason. Since ,their beginning in America, schools clu have devoted a large part of their progrim cos of courses and activities to citizenship, educa- for tion.But the job is not an easy one and it is nit not a cheap one. More recently we have Come sis; to realize that you can't make good citizens get solely by reading and talking about good citi- P°1 zenship. Good citizenship is a way of behav- ect
19 dith Cockrill, !lt panel' talk Floward Uni-Sr ttVednesday
if we know ' 1,it is this: imag- , without a equire'some cittienihip
ects of civic 71 in student nent bureaus :rol; commu- ganda analy- headquarters; iterviews; re- specific proj- n the schools.
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Above.: Membar of the'L,,eader Training Team\i togetherz.Mr. /dim CheneY2 Chief. Literature Divisit Pitb..lic.,Librarios of the District of Columbia: M PatriciaXellins: Attorney, Department of Justi, Mr.RalAb W. Hardy, Director of Government R'e. t;Qfls,.NaionaI .Association of Radio and Televisi, Broadeasters: and Dr, John H. Haefner. Associ4 Professorf, Sicial Studies Education, State Univers, of lowa.,--
Center left. InDifFcnrsvAroup8;..Dr. J. C,. Hold Director. Diviiion of Instrucaorp,!, State -departme of-Ed:teat:on; Columbia, South Caroliva.:,rafikei-a po. as 9-ther" vembersf the group listen. 7:
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Lowe left: Mr. BrysonPash; D4ettor, Special Fe .titres. : AL and ,, WMALTV, serves ar oa .?,groh leader atne of the 20discussiongroups.With hi; \ at the tabare 'Miss Marlon W. Fox. President; Ne Jeral Sc oolwomen'in'C-40,. C.o-Cha,irman, and, D Ernest 0 1Melby, De 4n, College of Education,,.Ne York LI r tilersity, Chairman of the First National Co; ,'ferenceon.C:Iizeriship in ,1946. 1. .. ' .,
r , 20 Corting Together on Comm:in' Ground
The policies and program of the Seventh National demonstration, participants will show you the Conference on Citizenship were developed with con- way in whia) pin might meet each of these tinuing advice and cooperation of committees whose situations. membership totaled more than 100 people, represent- ing almdst as many organizations, Delegates in their enLilusiasm for the demonstration wrote: In ac t:)rdance with evaluation questionnaires, as "-well as the hundreds of letters fkpm representative The demonstration group prepared me with "'delegates ,of :other ?ears, the Seventh Conference did a feeling of confidenci and assurance for the ...riot differ greacly from the pattern of past conferences. meeting with my own group section, speaking at general sessions were people who stimu- latedtheiraudiencestoserious and constructive and thinking; and in the small discussion* grp ps that followed, as in the-larger meetings, all d aces ex- Becauge of it,Ifeel sure many members plored questions that arose out of the conference made contributions who otherwise have theme, "The. Constitution and the Citizen."' been silent members.Iope tis feature will be continued. Again in accordance with the suggestions of dele-. ,gates to other conferences, the Planning Committee In regard to the closing regional session, delegates put a great deal of emphasis on the work group dis- from other states wrote infashion similartoa cussibns. Each group represented many varied view- message from Ne.w Jersey: ' pointswas, in effect, a small community in itself. The regional planning hour was arikxcellent Two special features in 1952 found favor with idea, so much so that the New Jersey delegates f under the able leadership of Dr. Preston have delegates: already set in motion plans for a New Jersey (1) Before the first group session Dr. Kenneth State Conference. G. Bartlett, Dean, Office of Public telations, Syracuse University,leda demonstration discussione before Alt the discussionsthemselves, one delegate the entire delegate body. wrote: A good cross section, with all ages, many ,(2) At the close of the third group session, dele- occupations, men and women,' and different gates reassembled by regions to discuss further citizen- races. The benefits to each person were the ship progress in their localities. greater for so large a Conference being put MissBrotze,in announcing thedemonstration on so informal a basis as existed' in this group group, said: of 30. Each year, when we have requested through Miss Brotze, in one of the closing sessions of the questionnaires the reaction to the Conference, conference, said: participants have indicated to us that they would like to have more opportunity for in- We crust that you, through the opportunity struction or help in leadership in the group which has been given to you today in the sessions.Certainly we all realize that, even discussion groups, have expresed your thoughts though we have great inspiration from the one with the other concerning this most im- able people who bring to us the messages from portant question of the Constitution and the Citizen...Surely we have caught a new this platform, the real work, the real accom- vision of our obligations as citizens to build plishments of the Conference are through the a great citizenry for a great nation. That is discussion groups, because there is the place what we are attempting to do through this where each of you has an opportunity-to speak. conference. Perhaps there will be some who will play And one of the delegates wrote after it was over: roles;, perhaps there will be the aggressive type; perhaps.there will be the retiring person The National Conference on Citizenship is who has a great deal to offer but is a bit hesi- one of the greatast forces- for good in our tant to make his contribution. In the morning country. There iF nothing like it today.
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21 Upper left: Dr. Kenneth G. Bartlett (right), Dean, Office of Public Relations, Syracuse University. leader of the elleionstratian discussion group on Septem- ber 18: cat( with Miss Laura Simms and Mr. Richard SBelton, Students .of Dunbar High School, Washing: ton, D. C.: Mr. Evan Evans, Superintendent of Schools, Overland Park, Kansas, and Former Chairman of the NEA Citizenship 'Committee, listens.
Far left center:. The Honorable Robert V. Bolger, Judge. Orphans Court, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
presides at one of the groups. .
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Left center: Teen-age members of one discussion group hold the floor.The adults are not pictured here but they did not miss a.word of the presentation by the younger members of the group.
Lower left: Miss Bern Berard, Chief, Detention Branch, linmigration and Naturalization Service, and Dr. Henry F. Nugent, State Supervisor of Adult Edu- cation,Providence, Rhode Island,presideover a group.
Upper right: Mr. John R. Miles, Assistant Manager, Education Department. United Stathamber of Commerce (right), shows a chart used in a discussion group to Misr Coma A. Mowrey, Director of Pro- fessional Services, West Virginia State Education As- sociation. and former NEA Piesident, and Mr. John Cheney, Chief, Literature Division, District of Colum- bia Public Libraries, and a inekber.of the discussion leader training team.
Center right: A group of delegates talk between sessions,Left to ri,ght:Mr. and Mrs. William Crum, representing the National Grange; Mr. Jimmie James, Student at Eastern High School; Mr. Sapf ord H. Bolz, representing the American Jewish Congress,' Miss Maryann French, Student at Eastern High School.
Lower right; W est Virginians at work at Citizen- ship Conference include ( seated left to right) Miss Maralee Meisel, Mrs. Sarah C. Caldwell (Ohio), Miss art_ rte[/ Virginia Atkinron, Mr.'C. A. Teich, Mrs. D. A. Ward. Standing, left to right: Mrs. 0. S. lkenberry, Mr. Allen B. IVilland (Indiana), Miss Corma A. A1owrey, Mr. L. A. Toney. Miss Ruth Scarborough. I
a 22 "NO
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c- Conference Exhibits
Conference coffee hours always prove popular times for renewing old acquaintance and making new friends.In addition they are held in the exhibit hall where in 1952, 22 organizations or agencies displayed citizenship materials.
Above: The 'Honorable Tom 'C. Clark, Associate Justice, United States Supreme Court, talks with two members of `the Citizenship Committee- of the Na- tional Education Association: Mr. Tpm F. Clear, Prin- cipal, Katherine T. Murphy School, Stamford, Con- n'ectietit, Chairman of the Conference exhibits; and (right) Dr. John H. Maefner, Associate Professor of Social Studies Education, State Vniferrity of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.Justice Clark, as Attorney General, was the featured speaker at early National Conferences on Citizenship and has been one of the staunchest supporters of the Conference through the years of
its growth. .
Center: Coffee hour hostesses; Mrs. W. Harvey Young, National Board Member, Campfire Girls, Inc., and Past President of the Potomac Area Campfire\ Girls; Miss Margaret Ann Young, representing Rural Youth in the United States, Westminster, Maryland; and Miss Marilyn Joslin, representing the. United Society of Friends, Washington, D. C. Lower left: Mrs. William G. Carr, wife of the .;}.Executive Secretary of the National Education Also- ,. cidiion; Mrs. Harold Burton, wife of Associate Justice :13011,oti of the United States Supreme Court; and Miss Carolyn Just, Attorney, Department of Justice, Chair- ,-man of Hostesses, discuss one of the exhibit publica- F tio0. - - , 74.: 4.?
NAT:1041.-EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
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ki, .iiiimasA I ..o.«.- 464.,217.- i y 4
It -7 ...... ISo.''''''' " .7- loft% 4.----.4 77 N -...- 11 1--"'" ---V : Ak and Coffee Hours CONFERENCE ,EXHIBITORS Allied Youth American Red Cross. American Jewish Committee iftiai B'rith Boy Scouts of America. Big Brothers of America Camp Fire Girls Below on page 26: Mrs..Newton P. Leonard, Presi- Catholic Civic Clubs of America dent, National Congress of Parents and Teachers, Children's Bureau, Federal Security Agency cusses the NEA exhibit with Dr. Richard B. Kennan, Executive Secretary, NEA Commission for the De- Civic Education Project, Cambridge, Mass. fense of Democracy through Education, while Mr. Leo M. Cadison, Assistant Director, Public Informa- Congress of Industrial Organizations tion, Department of Justice, looks on. General Commission on Chaplains Immigration and Naturalization Service, United States Below: Boy Scout Dennis Keough, an eighth-grader Department of Justice at St. James School in Falls Church, Virginia, stands With Miss Mary Sizes of the Commission on American Motion Picture Association of America, Inc. Citizenship at the exhibit booth of the Catholic Civics National Civil Service League Clubs of America, sponsored by the Commission on American Citizenship. National Conference of Christians and Jews National Education Association Right below: The Library of Congress' celebrated Pan American Sanitary BureauWorld Health nship Day and cooperated with the Seventh National Conference on Citizenship by displaying Organization materials on the Cointitution, the Declaration of In- Public Affairs Pamphlets dependence. and related matters.Examining pieces of the exhibit are Commissioner Argyle R. Mackey United States Department of Justice . of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, At- United States National Students Association -Lorne). General James P. MCGranory, and Dr. Luther . Evans,Librarian of Congress. United World Federalists 1, "...The People Themselves..."
Mr. Charles Kura lt, of Charlotte, NorthCarolina, National Contest Winner, "1 Speak for Democracy," gove 119481: Miss Emma Mae Brotzet, Co-Chairman of the as in inter' Conference: and the Honorable John C. Bell,Jr., their convic Justice, Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.Mr. Kuralt the future and Judge Bell addressed the Conferencedinner meet- happens? ing. don't knoiv way, I have Judge Bell et to the delegates: vote matter Our corm How can We become better ciiizeNs? A jority of th good start would be to appreciateour responsi- people wou bilities and to think, work, speak, andvote for what would what we unselfishly believe is for thebest in- also records terest of our country. The people abroadseem cause, as yc to have a far better realization of the impor- President of tance and necessity of voting thanwe do here in this country. sufficient to Possibly it is becausewe take United State our liberty too much for granted.As we all ber that our know from reading thenewspapers, in nsly rate from th( every election 'abroad 80 tcil8percent go to the polls and selves, actinl vote for their idublic officials on officials of t the issues whichconfront them locally orna- tionally. United State The voting here inAmerica is of dained and e course startlingly different and Imight add, the master o cite discouraging.In a presidential election, a proximately 50 the responsil percent vote; in a local or way it will c sto election, frequently only33 percent And ometimes less vote. If we wan way of life,'1 The average Americancitizen is a man or woman,of high principles brotherhood, if he or, she will take and high ideals and all operating an active interest and government, activeparticipation inour local, state, andna- " , \ to advocate i
28 25 ==.1111.'
.rnments and their problems as' well national affairs and then willvote :dons, we need have no worry about welfare of our country.But what Everywhere you go people say, "I r anything about politics and any- ronly one vote and what doesone- mon sense cells us that if the ma- le people felt that way, very few ildvote, and I shudder to think I happen to our country.History how foolish that viewpoint is, be- 3u remember, one vote elected a f the United States; onevote was ) admit fiveterritories into the s of America. We have to remem- government is not an entity, sepa- e people, but it is the people them- g through the representatives and :heir choice.Government in the s under our Constitution was or- stablished to be the agent andnot if the people.And if we assume bilities of citizenship, that is the :ontinue. it to presere our free AmerLcan which is a combination of liberty, unselfishness, love, and Godliness, ; under a Constitutional form of we have to believe in it, we have it, and vrp have to live it. "I Speak for Democracy"
N.. We, the people .uf_rhe United States, the q.ast iiu- One people all races, all stocks.Simple people, n ion talking, the United States. Constitution, bulwark byt easy tO rile up if you talk about taking away their of .the greatest democracy on earth.We, the people, freedom.We know what freedom in America, riding ourselves, running the government.We the and democracydon't tread on us les produced people, i8 states, one nation. We the people, thousand great merr--1his democratic government, this yOung- upon thousand of common men.We made this est of the earth's powersgreat- riaines like George ationa land where anyone,. anything, any idea can Wohingrogond Thom4s Jefferson and F. D. R. and 'grow, unchained and free. Babe Ruth. And in song and in prose, the men it has produced have expressed their views of the nation's Great things have been said and written about this politics.James Russell Lowell' calledf democracy a thing called democracy, but democracy is more, than place where every citizen has a chance and knows a written word or a spoken phrase.'It is men created he has it. `equal.Democracy is very evident..It is written in the faces of immigrants, the who gave up hopes Woodrow Wilson said he believed in democracy in the old country to try out something new and because itreleases every one of man's powers, and wonderfld.It is written in the very hills and plains James Pike, putting it into the words of the Louisiana that have produced hien like Abraham Lincoln;It is Negroes, said the same thing, in a different way. written in our livesour brothers and ourselves, grow- ing Lip with a chance. '"FreedOrn", he said, "is a parieL word, a prayerful word, a good tasting word, a 'sparkling word, as ''! We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all of the Fourth of July as skyrockets and roman candles. men are created equal.That they are endowed by Freedom is a word, a real showboat word, eight dollars their creator with certainunalienablerights,that long and four dollars wide." among these/are life, liberty and the pursuit of happi- nessand freedom of thought and Speech and from And sotat is my caseI give you democracy want and fear.Inalienable rights guaranteed in this not a word, not essentially a type of government.It democracy. is warm rain on Georgia, sun shining on Key West. Inalienable right number one is lifesomething It's wind blowing over Texas prairie, snowcapped men have cherished from the beginnings of the earth, Massachusetts hills, the sound coming up from the a free life, unfettered by government interference. streets of Manhattan, waves roaring in on California's It's what Americans fought for at Lexington and coast, industry in Chicago, and hot steel in Pittsburgh. Bunker Hill, and New Guinea and the Solomons. The names of Michigan and Maryland, of Virginia But they were fighting for something more. and Rhode Island and North Carolina. Covered wagons rolled West, with democracy for a dream. Something that we will call inalienable right num- ber twoliberty.That's a. big word in the American Democracy is a way of life, a living thing, a human languageit's the first cousin of another big. word thing comprised of muscles and heart and soul. I freedom. Liberty is guaranteed in America.It flour- .speak for democracyand men who are free and men ishes here as in no other country in the world.The who yearn to be free speak with me. unknown little man mounting to his soap box to speak Charles Kuralt his piece about how the country ought to be run. The editor of a small-town daily writing as he pleases, condemning or commending the administration freely. e.40010 This little group of Mormons or Quakers or Jews worshipping God in their own way. The scientist free to search for truth, and the educator, free to teach it. Oh, God, our Heavenly Father, itis with sincere Liberty and freedom and democracybig words in and humble appreciation that we thank You for the language of a people. We rake them for granted; the privilege of living in the land of the free where they are ours.They build the third inalienable right we' can enjoy the fullness of Your divinity.It is the championed by Thomas Jeffersonthe pursuit of hap- love and kindness and understanding which You piness.People living everywhere, looking for a good have shown toward us that we will show toward our life.People in little towns with funny names, people fellow men . . . in the metropolis living beside the water or the high- Miss Carolyn Denton, Student, way, looking for a good life. Howard University
29 26 t
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t "...Pledge 'Themselves, One to Another...17 Some of the guests at the head table at Thursday's of our citizens. dinner.' ,Reading leftto right: The Honorable F. Dickinson Letts. Judge, United States District Court The genius of our government is diffi ult for the District of Columbia; the Reverend Frederick of definition and analysis. It is that something Brown Harris, Chaplain of the United Stater Senate; which abides in the hearts and minds of the Mrs. William G. Carr; the Honorable Benjamin G. people and controls in a subconscious way the Habberton, Deputy Commissioner, Immigration and conduct of men and women as citizens and Naturalization Service; iVIrs. Carl B. Hyatt; Dr. Karl prompts them in the performance of their H. Berns, Assistant Secretary for Business, National duties to the government and the body poli- Education Association; Mrs. Robert N. Anderson. tic.Itis that which inspires the citizens to ,( Cevere and respect the government and protect Judge Lens had said at the Opening Session of it from harm. It means faith, faith in our na- the Conference: tional institutions. That faith which is "The 'substance of things hoped for, the evidence of Justice means more than the administration things not seen-. .. of law according to the established rules of Let us think always of liberty.Pericles, law and equityinthe settlement of con- an ancient Greek statesman, soldier, and phil- troversies by the courts.The 'term justice osopher, who lived and died before Christ, embodies all principles of -rectitude and just bequeathed to mankind his concept of liberty dealing of men, one with another 'andcon- when he said, "The secret of happinessis formity to ic.Respect fdr the rights of others liberty, and the secret of liberty is courage." is the best guarantee that our own rights will May you, my friends, have courage not only be preserved. in battle, if such be your lot, but courageNin In these troubled times men should pledge the affairs of your day-to-day lives chat will themselves, one to another, as did our founding preserve your liberties and your happiness ... fathers in the Declaration of Independence, May I urge that you place above appreciation they lives and fortunes and their sacred honor of your privileges and advantages the respon- to the cause of freedom. Our form of govern- sibilties and duties that come to you. Your ment and our way of life connote freedom of full appreciation of citizenship will be realized worship, freedom of thought, and of speech; only when duty is done and when responsibili- equal opportunity; peaCe and security. ties are fully and conscientiously met. The Our government is a democracy;itrests privileges and blessings which accompany the with the people; the government and all in- status of citizenship will enlarge and multiply struments of the government are the servants with the discharge of duty. I pray that a con- of The people. This is in contrast with such tinuing and abiding blessing will rest upon governments as place the ultimate power in a each of you... ruler. With us that power abides in the breasts
4
4° , \ 'gy 1°' e. ilik41411P.11...0144-4'* ''tigib;iiiiil Aff..0. 411 1111111114440111.1kj. r Y;''' A'rNert:f#' ,'' Right: Youth played an important part in the Con- ference and did not hesitate to match ideas with adults in the various panel discussions.
Center right: Young war veterans "'were special guests at the Conference dinner session.
Below: Delegates and guests enjoy company and food at the dinner session, September 18.Guests at the head table as seen in this picture, reading left to right: Mr. Leo M: Cadison, Assistant Director, Public -Information, Department of Justice; Miss Vir- ginia Kinnaird, President, NEA Staff Organization; the Honorable Robert V. Bolger, Judge, Orphan? Court, Philadelphia; Mrs. Richard B. Kennan; the Honorable. Watson B. Miller. Member, Subversive Activities Control Board; Mrs. Lyle W. Ashby; Mr. Thomas Clear,*Principal,Katherine T. Murphy School, Stamford, Connecticut; the Honorable Robert N. Anderson," Special Assistapt to the Attorney Gen- eral; Mrs. Karl H. Berns; the Honorable Carl B. Hyatt, Director, Attorney General's Citizenship Pro- gram; Mr. G. Frederick Mullen, Director, Public In- formation, Department of Justice; Mrs. Benjamin G. Habberton,'Dr. William G. Carp, Executive Secretary, National Education Associationv. .Mr. Charles Kuralt, National Contest Winner, "1 Speak for Democracy," 1948; Mrs. F. Dickinson Letts.
Member, Joint Conference Committee
,r4111"-.
I Or.
28 1
Fx " God, We Thank Thee .:."
Eternal Father, look down with favor we beg Thee and, fforn all the ugly sins of disposition that doso upon this gathering. We pause at this moment to easily beset us.. thank Thee for Thy great goodness in makingus citizens of this happiest of nations. We desireto The Reverend Frederick Brown Harris, show our thanks by trying to increase the talents Chaplain of the United States Senate Thou hast given us.
The Right Revesi034 John K. Cartwright, We bow our h4ids and turn our hearts unto Thee.. D. D., Rector of'Sr. Matthew's Cathedral, O Thou who has led us out of bondage with a vision of man's righteousness, Thou who has taughtus that we are faithful children of a just God only when Our Father God, Thou Nast made and preserved we labor for liberty and justice for all, guide us in us a nation. Our fathers trusted in Thee and were our deliberations this day so that we shall clear the not confounded. In Thee we crust. To us has been path that leads upward, to find the way that builds new passed the torch of freedom. Help us to holdour strength and new hope for the-children of men... citizenship as a solemn rrusr. Thou has taughtus to love truth and beauty and goodness. May Thy Rabbi Norman Gerstenfeld, Minister of truth make us free, free from pride and prejudice ail Washington Hebrew Congregation ofr On the preceding page, the informal dinner of the There are no words, in any language with Conference. On this page, the Honorable Watson B. which I have a speaking familiarity, that could Miller, Member of the Subversive Activities Control adequately express our love for them or ,make Board, with one of the young veterans, honor guests graphic their sacrifices. They bear sanguinary at the dinner. Mr. Miller said, in introducing these scars and prideful memoirs of far away, pristine young veterans: dawns and crimson sunsets, and tendermem- ories for those who are held close in the en- folding arms of the Heavenly Father.I am humbly privileged to introduce theseyoung men. .. \V. D. Currie. Liresville, Pennsvlvania.cerv. ice in French Moroccd and North Africa. Laurence Mullan, Brooklyn, New York Private, Second Class. Dennis. Scoville, Robbinsdale, Minnesota Sergeant, United States Marine Corps. Earl Rouse, Detroit,MichiganBMC, United States Marine Corps, Skipper. of his own LSU. (He was the first to tai craft north of the 38th Parallel.) Albert F. GatlinCaptain in DDC, service in French Morocco, Panama, Scotland. Sub duty, carrier duty. Stanley Adukonis, Weymouth, Massachusetts ,.. Staff Sergeant. Richard Barber, Randolph, New York. ' ',i ...... 41:,: ....%4 Corporal, Pusan.
.0+,1 Roger 0. Fortin, Kingston, Rhode Island=-- Private, Charwon. Arthur Winninger, Dale, IndianaYanchon. Kenneth Newlin, New York CityCorporal, Yanchon. k George Ammerman, Lock Haven, Pennsyl- ...010....- vaniaCorporal, Yanggu Valley. John Tinney, Newark, New jerseyPrivate First Class, Yanggu Valley.
29 "...One of the Most, Important Things That Can Happen..."
Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt as she addre. closing session of the Seventh National Confer Citizenship.
Mrs. Roosevelt said: I can think of nothing more importa the work which you have been doing i past few days.. It was very interesting to find that you here, all of you, citi the United States, had had some difficult way you could come to an agreement rainquestionsabout ourcitizens'', cause you will perhaps realize that one things that interests the whole world t just what the people of the United Star ally mean by their citizenship in a derr What are the things that we really our citizenship 'Stands for? What is it 1 then they never say, "Is that something which speech, the- right to differ, freedom of religion, you, the people of the United States, think the effort to come away from fear which is proper or right?"They always say, "Is that brought about by want and by aggression, all what you call democracy, Mrs. Roosevelt?" of those things that we work for through our citizenship and that we must constantly keep I say, "No, no, that is a failure of democracy, in mind, are not just being fought for because and our great advantage in the United States they are good for us but because if we achieve is that we have known about our successes and them and if all of our people really participate, our failures and those who really carecan really accept the great privilege of being a citi- work to improve our democracy." zen in a democracy, then we have.done some- thing for the world as a whole. We have actu- Burl have come to feel that one of the most ally given them an example of what democracy important things, trot just to the United States, can do in helping people to grow and to work important as it is; but to the world, is thatwe together for better purposes, for better things should make the world understand that we do for all ofthem, and that is what the world not think democracy, as we have it,. is always is Crying out for. perfect, that there are many things that we are constantly working to improve, but that we That is why the peoples of the world turn do firmly believe that the fundamentalsas laid to us as the most proiniAng leaders that ith.ey down in our Constitution and our Bill of can turn to. Rights are so good that we can build on those the best government, the best way of life, and We must be strong and we must be loyal and the- greatest libertynot license but liberty_ we muststand by our very best standards, and that human beings can have. we mu` sckcarn thatwe are part of a human * * * race. If we are going to live in this small world, then it is desperately important to us thatevery The human race is made up of people of human being has every one of these human many kinds and many religions but they are all rights, freedoms, privileges, and accepts the ob- people at many evels because they have had ligations.Don't blame them, however, too different opportities. But they can all grow; much.In their first vote in India, 66 percent and, just as we row day by day andyear by of the population voted.That is better than year, they will g we learn that we are a we do sometimes.And they came, some of part and that we have an obligation to help them, three days' trek through the jungle. We this growth throughout the world. do not often have to travel three days through a dangerous jungle to vote. And by doing it we will gain for ourselves and for our children and grandchildrennot just So I think itis well for us to realize that a countrythat is better to live in, but a world the preservation of every one of our rights, free that is better to live in, r Overtones of the Seventh Naticinal Conferoce (IN Stephen Leacock once wrote ofthe man Who guaranteed on paper in the form of legk cnactk jumped on his horse and rode off in all directions. are not always guarameed in practice.-111e ri, 9 is My task isthe much trickier one of sitting astride all discrimination against individuals and grv-it1P, the horses and riding off in one direction.For how curbing and little recognized fact is that She can one man .. . hope to summarize what your 18 of the guaranteed rights of a few is also 31.,i() discussion groups have been saying? of the guaranteed rights of all. * You are. after all; AMeriea in miniature. ere are (1i1 sonic 1000 of you. representing approximately 600 Is it possible, you asked, to maintain atlPrr1ii6 organizations and millions of "doctors: lawyers, mer- the values of our society, including those oect4i11/(rkk\t1) chants, chiefs--to say nothing of the ;butchers, bak- rights and privileges, without resorting t,`,111kity\'A, ets, and candlestick-makers."You are not all of one (ion?You were much concerned with t.. (1ct mind, and I would be less than candid if I were to and with the 'twin problem of the role () f (he rfftikis report that you were.Your discussions, I think itis it-ode:ding with controversial issues in tlk e cs:Ia5/N fair to say, generated hear as well as light. but you were unable to go much beyond reCcO' * the complexity of it. -What rights seem most fundamental at this mo- ment"?You did not, 4nd bably could not, give One group finally, looked beyond t4,. 1200141/1% a categorical or definitiA'e answ You did not use of the United States to find an even grek pr9rYll the word -right" conkIstently, reflecting the difficulty emerging on the horizon. As AmetiO a04i/OkIN you found in defining it.The rights you reported greater responsibility among the nations pf the 1%9, were those which seemed most important to you at this group suggested, issues relating to ti,oe eve ck-11 this. time. of basic rights to all the peoples of tvelrld '11 come increasingly to the fore. You selected the right to fair and speedy trial and kh equal justice under law as fundamental.This right, At this point you turned your attentivi tr/ ss you suggested, was intimately connected with free- sponsibilities of citizenship because, as onz,;(1- f yo ki dom from fear of "guilt by association" and fear of it, "Orl,eyery liberty there is a price tag.'SeernGto nonjudicial hearings and investigations before extra- you found it somewhat easier to deal wi d1 legal governmental bodies.Our right as citizens to sponsibilities, although, as in the case of fi811EVV appeal to the courts is fundamental because it protects privileges, you obviously did not try to sq0lit 34/4\,,,s us from oppression by the government as well as by piece or exhaustive list.Among thoseyou ! the, majority.Freedom of speech, you said, must be worthy cif special attention were these: guaranteed up to the point where criminality is offi- cially determined.-There is a tendency," said a rep- The responsibility ...% resentative of the American Jewish Congress,to 1. To voteregularly, and intellikilflY, /13 confuse democracy with orthodoxy. The right to dis- the primary as well as the genetlelec sent has been misinterpreted as a lack of unity." -2. To follow up on .voting by 4011ding You made it clear that no matter what .rights are elected officials responsible for their' ae(t selected for emphasis, there are persistently trouble- and conduct.Ar the same titoe, yovek," some problems related to the exercise of them.First sisted, itis urgent that citizens oici acf 0\' among these, perhaps, is the apathy of many citizens in the development of a feeling vf trUSYN, toward their Constitutional rights and obligations as confidence in the vast majority of citizens.Such apathy, said a representative of the est, and capable public servants; NationalFedera,tion, of Business and Professional Women's Clubs,isinfact, "subversive inactivity" 3. To obey the duly enacted laws of the 4f because it plays into the hands' of those seeking to even though individual pieces of le8isly/ destroy our system.You pointed out chat rights may not coincide with your cotl-victio0
fl\1/4s Serving as a Special Guests Committee were Mrs. 4. To pay taxes with as good a grace as ( Sarah C. Caldwell and Mrs. James T. McGranery, sible, and to seek information0131.1cA representing the National Education Association and disposition of taxes in order to 1A,old eleN, the United States Department of Justice respectively. officials responsible for the wise age of rN Part of their pleasant duty war tr, meet Mrs. Roosevelt 4t1i and to accompany her again to her car. 5. To support your country in arrq 1:;"
r 32 . .dying for itif necessary." to help in developing sound public opinion; by lowering the voting age from 21 to 18; and 6.1 To oppose the activities of subversiveper - by making clear m all citizens that the perpetua- -sons and organizations, without, however, tion of fundamental rights requires moral cour- subverting our own liberties vouchsafed us age and intrepid action. As one group put it, the Constitution; "There is no substitute for personal contact in spreading the best for which America stands." 7. To put public interest ahead of private ad- vancement; To improve citizenship education in our schools: You underlined the important role of the schools 8. To speak out, even at considerable cost to in fostering better citizenship. To insure the the individual. in support of the rights of best kind of training, itis necessary for all of others.. You were not infull agreement here, bill' you were concerned with the im- usto make sure thatcourses_ dealing wirh citizenship are examined, revised, and vitalized: portance of this question. . to provide inservice courses for teachers to help 9. To defiherightsand them do a better job; m encourage participa- responsibilitiesin tion in held trips; excursions, and projects such terms meaningful to the individual, and to as Boys' State and Girls' State sponsored by develop a program of action for meeting the the American Legion; and, as adults, to find problems involved; and finally, additional ways in which to work with youth 10. To join with' others in "making the Consti, instead of merely working for them. by provid- tution live," thaeis, by insisting upon a con- ing additional opportunities for participation structive approach which emphasizes the in community affairs. contributionswhichallindividualsand 3. To reduce discrimination: groups are capable of making toward better citizenship. Several groups focused their attention upon this Not all of you, of course, discussed or agreed upon important facet of good citizenship. You sug- these obligations, but the list is representative of your gested that progress in this area cah be made by removing racialand religiousprejudices reports. a * * *. from textbooks and'schools; by employing mem- bers of minority groups and accepting them as There was one point on which you seemed all to equal and first class citizens; and by working be in complete agreement. You couched it in differ- actively, through allpossible means, for the ent phrases, but the thought was thisgood citizen- equal treatment, ih fact, of all. ship demands action and participation.It is an active, not a passive thihg. The key problem, you seemed 4. To increase neighborliness and to integrate the to conclude, is to find ways of increasing constructive newcomer in our midst: and intelligent action by individuals and groups alike. You emphasized the importance of the "good neighbor" policy applied personally and directly You went on, so"..humerate far rnpre specific tech- at the local level. You cited the work of the niques and devices than I can possibly report.It Chrysler Corporation's Citizenship Committee seemed to me, however, that you grouped them which determines an alien's employability, keeps under several headings. track of him, and assists him in his steps toward citizenship. We must make an immigrant feel, WAYS AND MEANS: you said, that we need him as much as he needs 1'. To increase civic participation: us. You suggested, also, that the COnstitution An educator from Rhode Island kointed out should be translated into many different lan- that "Itis easier to discuss the affairs of the guages. "I speak for the D. P.'s and other new world than to discuss the affairs of the ward."' people in this country," said one participant. And a New YorIc -judge waseven more clirect: "Translate the Constitution into their languages "We must participate in political rrikhinesso so they may get to understand it sooner." that we can make them better." W&can in-, 5. To reduce civic apathy: crease participation, you said, by providing ac-, No other aspect of citizenship concerned you curate information to the general publicthrougr. more or elicited more numerous and specific community channels 'such, asthe League, of' suggestions for action. Apathy, you pointed out, Women's Voters; by providing opportunities is often based on the habit of "taking it for for all groups in planning andorganizing cornmunity granted." Progress toward reducing apathy can projects; by organizing local and state m ,s be made by vitalizing adult educational op- citizenship conferences and "town meetings; portunities in all communities; by discovering
38 ways in which citizens can identify themselves able rights; that these are life, liberty, with their government at all levels, particularly and the pursuit. ofof happiness. the ward and precinct; by sponsoring "get-out- the-vote" campaigns; by publishing voting rec- I heard again the, voices of free and determined ords of candidates; by using radio and TY con- men: strucOvely for presenting candidates and issues; itndby buildins a genuine feelingforthe "We, the people of the United States,in greatness of America throush-publications, pro- order to form a more perfect union, establish grams, and other means. justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general wel- Finally, you made lielprul suggestions for the im- a, and secure the blessings of liberty to our- provement of this conferebce which will be duly selvand. our posterity, do ordain and establish considered. One group proposed a final pledge to thisConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesof be taken by each rn mber here present: America." 1 "I, a citizen of fhe United States Of America, I heard, too, the solemn roll of drums at Gettys- accept responsibility during the coming year to make our Constitution better known and to further the acctptance and practice of its basic principles "It is rather for us to be here .dedicated to in my own life and in the lives of those around the great task remaining before usthat this me." nation, under God, shall have a new birth of * freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not, perish Conversations between persons, as you know, are from the earth." much more than mere words. They consist, too, of such things as gestures, inflections, and changes of Iheard again the clear bugle' notes of January expression. Conferences like conversations, have over- 6, 1941, sounding the alert: tonesthe intangibles cof spirit and feelings. What were the overtones of this Seventh National Confer- "Iln the future days, which we seek to make ence on Citizenship? What did this cross-section of secure, we look forward to a world founded America reveal about itself? upon four essential human freedoms.
So far asI am conceined, atleast,Iheard ...freedom of speech and expressionevery- America singing... where in the worldt
I heard the chords of loyalty, not the discords ...freedom of every person to worship God of subversion... in his own way everywhere in the world
I heard the sounds of incorruptibility, not cor- ...freedom from wanteverywhere in the ruption ... world
I listened to the _opening stanzas of the spirit of ...freedomfromfearanywhereinthe e idealism and heard the closing verses of the spirit world." of self4h materialism... ( I strained,lat last, to hear a muted choruisinging: IIcaught the faint echoes of a concern for the rights of men not limited by color of skin, by "Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity state lines, or international boundaries, ... and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation I heard the familiar melody of our American of freedom, justice and peace in the world,... heritage, long-remembered. Now, therefigre, The General Assembly pro- Perhaps the lyricsyou used) were not the same claims this Universal Declaration of Human as the original, but the tune was as of .old... Rights as a common standard of achievement for allroples and all nations..." For I heard the aftertones of Freedom's Bell: Yes,I am sure I heard America singing.These "We hold these truthto be self evident: were the overtones of this Seventh National Con- That all men are created equal; that they are ference on Citizenship. endowed by their Creator with certain inalien- John H. Haefner
39 34 PLANNING COMMITTEE REPRESENTATIVES AND ALTERNATES
Administrative Office of the United stater Howard Universitygordecai W. Johnson, G. F. Henry P. Chandler Stanton .Ofteruan Ea); Atiociation, Standing; committee on InternationalAssociationofMachinirttGordon _AnWrican 'CitizenshipRobert V..:Bolger, Sidney Cole Kusworm An'erican Education PublicationsC. L. McKelvie Junior Army-Navy GuildMrs. Robert P. Patterson Am rican Farm Bureau FederationGwynn Garnett Magistrates Courts, New York CityAnna Kross An ,ric.m Federation of Labor, Woikers Education Manhattanville Neighborhood Center, Inc.Clyde F.. /callJohn D. Connors. Murray llnn drican'Junior Red CrossWilliam J. Flynn, Mary New York State Citizens' Council, Inc.Rhea Eckel nn Scherer f National Association of ManufacturersGeorge H. merican Legion, National Americanism Com- Fern, John A. Miner ty,44 otiAllen B. Willand, Lee Pennington AinIcanization School AssociationJames T. Galla- National Association of Radio and Television Broad- Jr. castersRalph W. Hardy, Robert K. Richards anion of the Junior Leagues of America, Inc. National. Citizens Com ission for the Public Schools Mr.ti.)$ Leslie Allen, President Henry Toy, Jr.* En, B'rith, National Crrnintission on Democracy National Congress of Parents and TeachersMrs. It lCiAie AllairsA. B. Kapplin Robert F. Leonard Br cora, of America Roy-Wyland, Harry K. Eby, National Municipal LeagueAlfred Willoughby le Davis, Timothy Fine National SocialWelf061-- Assembly, Inc.Bernice Ijri herlibod of Railroad TrainmenW. P. Kennedy, Bridges Waltei Munro Campfire Girls, 111C.Martha Frances Allen, Mrs. OfficeofEducationHoward Cummings,John Wilbur) Harvey Young Ludington nlfer of Commerce of the United States, Commit- Public Libraries of the District of ColumbiaJohn '1eon Educationfir -1nR. Miles. PaulH.Good T. Cheney Chi Bureau. Facial Security (igency--Martha Scholastic TeacherWilliam D. Boutwell t, Alice Scott Hyatt State Teachers College, Towson, MarylandEarl T. ship Day for theDistrictof Colutybia Hawkins 'Pt+ . Iclron E. Leonard, David G. Linden SubversiveActivitiesControl BoardWatsonB. Civic Education'Service, The Civic LeaderWilliam Miller . J. Shorrock '''f X4 m nt issio n on American Citizenship. Catholio'Uni- Times HeraldRobert R. McCormick vertityThomas Owen Martin, Mary Synori:. United .States Junior Chamber of- CommerceLee 1,' Congress of Industrial Organizations, Department of Price, J. R. "Pat" Gorman Education and ResearchFrank L. Fernbach Veterans of Foreign WarsJack T. Golden Cooperative League of the United States of America Washington Federation of ChurchesFrederick E. Jerry Vooris, Wallace J. Campbell, Jack Jennings Reissig Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Washington NewsMartha Strayer EconomicsCarl Taylor 1 Washington PostMalvina Lindsay Department of Defense, Office of Public Information Washington StarBenjamin J. McKelway William Dove Thompson Women's Bureau, Department of LaborFrieda S. Department of State, Passport DivisionRuth Shipley Miller, Pearl C. Ravn'er Districtof. Columbia Public SchoolsHobart N. YMCA, National CouncilPaul Moritz Corning; James T. Gallahorn YWCA, National BoardMrs. Arthur Forest Ander- FarmersEducational andCooperativeUnionof son, Mabel R. Cook, Ruth McRae AmericaJames G. Patton . National Education AssociationMembers ofthe Future Farmers of America (Agricultural Education Joint Committee, and Lyle W. Ashby, Karl H. Branch,OfficeofEducation,FederalSecurity Berris, Belmont Farley,'Merrill F. Hartshorn, Glenn Agency) W. T. Spanton, H. B. Swanson E. Show' General Federation of .Women's ClubsMrs. Hiram United Stoes'Department of JusticeMembers of the Cole Houghton, Mildred Wells Joint Committee, and Edwina V. A. Avery, Mildred Girl Scouts of the United StatesMrs, Roy Layton, E. Fanebust, Raymond F. Farrell, Helen L. Foster, Mrs. MaceHubbard\ James A. Hamilton, Jr., 1. Paul Winings ....."
40 35 ATTORNEY GENERAL'S ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON CITIZENSHIP .
J usrin Miller, Chairman of the Board and General Carolyn R. Just, Attorney, United States Department Counsel, National Asrociation of Radio and Tele- of Justice vision Broadcasters Chairman Richard B. Kennan, Executive Secretary, NEA Com- Mrs. Oscar A. Ahlgren, President, General Federation mission for the Defense of Democracy through of Women's Clubs Education Florence E. Allen, Judge, United States C ircuit Court W. P.,Keaned)±, President, Brotherhood of Railroad of Appeals. Sixth Circuit Trainmen Robert N. Anderson, Special Assistant to the Attorney SidneyG.Kusworm, Chairman, Commission on General Americanism and Civic Affairs. B'riai B'rith William R. Arnold, Bishop, Brigadier General, United F.Dickinson Letts, Judge, United States 'District States Army. retired Court for the District of Columbia Robert V. Bolger, Judge, Orphans' Court, Philadelphia Argyle R. Mackey, Commissioner, Immigration and Emma Mae .Brotze, Principal, Marshall Junior High Naturalization Service School, Marshall, Texas George R. Miller, Jr., State Superintendent of Public Leo M. Cadison, Assistant Director, Public Informa- Instruction. Delaware tion. Department of Justice Watson13.Miller, Member, Subversive Activities Henry P. Chandler, Director, Administrative Office of Control Board the United States Courts George Maurice Morris, Speaker, House of Deputies, Torn C. Clark, Associate Justice, Supreme Court of International Bar Association the United States Clyde E. -Murray, ExecutiVe Director, Manhattanville Thomas F. Clear, Principal, Katherine T. Murphy Neighborhood Center, Inc. School. Stamford, Connecticut Philip Murray, President, Congress of Industrial Or- Patricia H. Collins, Attorney, United. States Depart: ganizations (deceased) ment of Justice Angelo Paul, Teacher-Author, Putnam County, New John C. Cooper, Chairman, Standing Committee on York American Citizenship, American .Bar Association Mrs. Robert P.Patterson, Joint Organizer. Junior Lucile Ellison, Assistant Secretary, NEA Commission Army-Navy Guild for the Defense of Democracy through Education Orie L. Phillips, Judge, United States Circuit Court James T. Gallahorn, Jr., ,Executive Officer, Americani- of Appeals, Tenth Circuit zation School Association Dan Pyle Judge, United States Circuit Court, South WilliamGreen, President, American Federation of Bend, Indiana Labor (deceased) WilliamF.Russell,President,TeachersCollege, John H. Haefner, Associate Professor of Social Studies Columbia University Education, State University of Iowa Ruth Shipley, Chief,' Passport Division, State De- Frederick Brown Harris, Chapl 'nof the United partment States Senate Willis Smith, United States Senator from North Earle T. Hawkins, President, State Teachers College, Carolina Towson, Maryland William S. Vincent, Executive Officer, Citizenship Frederick G. Hochwalt, Secretary General, The Na- Education Project, Teachers College, Columbia Uni- tional Catholic Educational Association versity Carl B. Hyatt, Director, Attorney General's Citizen- Donald R. Wilson, Past National Commander, Ameri- ship Program can Legion Charles S. 'Johnson, President, Fisk. University L. Paul Winings, General Counsel, Immigration and Naturalization Service
36 41 O
S
Above: Memberr .the-13 Wall gathered at the Studer H A. .Avery,Miss Bobbie Fridge?. B. Hyatt. Miss Helen L. Foster, Misr Jane S. Hallett, Miss Mai Miss Mildred E; Fanebust, Miss Elizabeth F. Hart.
Lower left: Important to the ship conferences has been the and thoughtfulness of thosein t( administrative posts in thespot Willard E. Givens. retiring Exec,
42 Tonal Education Association, shaker hands with. William G. Carr, inaugurated asnew Executive wary in October 1952.Both were Honorary n.rors of the Seventh National Conference on zenship.
Ir. Carr said to the delegates of the Sixth Con- nce:
This Conference contains the people and le powerful organizations, that could, in the ext few years, make American education an istrument to secure the future of this nation. each individual here wouldsay that his top riority is to make the schools of America rong for their great cask, not just good lough to get by, but good enough for the merican future, that would be realism. It is, suppose, after all, idealism too.For ideals id realities, strive as we will toseparate them, e inexorably intertwined.Action without eals is aimless and ideals without actionare earning. F.
'mg force gather ont row MISS Miss Geraldine Flambourir Sec- s Virginia Kin-., me Allen, Miss Natalie Gould, IcePlain, Mrs. Mrs. Constance
Partment of hut- Education As- who have pl, session of the ing of this sacrificial spirit. just a momei Department of work of wir :'ho contributed sung army o Honorable Carl approximate] young workers; to this COnf, essential role you have had them from ti 'orm the heads selected two, , some of the special contr id members of them, we wi ee and others 300 that are
38 .1:1146;
)ortant roles in the build- Ce:I should like to take ver, to tell you about the .11 the unknown and un- eers.It is estimated that people have contributed i simple though not less )uld take hours to name. Drm. We have, hoWever, ir for recognition of their but that,' in recognizing turn be recognizing the tided and unsung.
43 .24 1r` flo'n
Hazard, Former Assistant Commissioner, Immigra- tion and Naturalization Service; Mr. Soterios Nichol- son, representing Federation of Citizens Associations, District of Columbia; Dr. Henry F. Nugent, State Supervisor of Adult Education, Providence, Rhode Island; the HonorableL.PaulWining', General Counsel. Immigration and Naturalization Service; 41r. James A.Hamilton,Chief,CitizenshipServices Branch. Citizenship Services and Instruction Division. Immigration and Naturalization Service. ble Above. reading left to right: Mr. Norwood John- Ind son, Miss Ellen K. Anderson, Miss Elizabeth F. Hart, ec- Miss Catherine R. Gibson. Mr. Vincent E. Pace, all of the staff of the Immigration and Naturalization B. Service.
IAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 1952-53
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE DEFENSE 3erns OF DEMOCRACY THROUGH EDUCATION s Lyle Harold Curtis Hand, Acting Chairman Snow Jennie I.. Davis, Acting Vice Chairman Sarah C. Caldwell Presi- William G. Carr' argaret A. C. Flora Jesse John Guy Fowlkes Blond; Inez Gingerich George W. Gore, Jr. 'sident; James T. Reiva O Flora; Virgil M. Rogers rvey E. Richard B. Kennan, Secretary liaibly; Cyrus C. Perry, Legal Counsel Virginia Kinnaird, Associate Secretary trah C. Lucile Ellison, Assistant Secretary Mabel Robert A. Skaife, Field Secretary Geraldine Firez, -Administrative Assistant
39 Program
Tuesday, September 16 Opening General Session Pre-Conference Activities 9:45 A.M. to 12:00 Noon Presidential Room REGISTRATION Presiding: The Honorable Justin Miller, Chair- 3 : 00 P.M. to 13:00 P.M. man of the Board and General Counsel, Na- Mezzanine Check Room tionalAssociationofRadio and Television MEETINGDiscussion Leaders Only BroadcastersChairman of the Conference 10:30 A.M. to 4:3QP.M. Advancement of the Colors:American Legion NM Board of Directors Room National Guard of HonorCaptain GailT. Judd, Leader Leader Training Team: Invocation: The Right Reverend John K. Cart- Mr. John Cheney, Chief, Literature Division, wright, D.D., Rector of St. Matthew's Cathedral Public Libraries of the District of Columbia National Anthem: United States Army Band Dr. Kenneth G. Bartlett, Dean, Office of Public Relations, Syracuse University Pledge of AlWgiance: Colonel Justice M. Cham- bers, Winner, Congressional Medal of Honor Dr. JohnH. Haefner,Associate Professor of Social Studies Education, State L'utvcrii:y Welcome Addresses: Iowa The Honorable James P. McGranery, Attorney LUNCHEONDiscussion. Leaders Only General of the United States Mrs. Sarah C. Caldwell, President, National 1 :5 P.M. Education Association Martinique Hotel The Conference Purpose: Dr Richard B. Ken- DINNERYouth-Adult Panel Only nan, Executive Secretary, NIA Commission for 6:30 P.M. thc. Defense of Democracy Through Education Martinique Hotel Address: The Honorable Harry S. Truman, Pres- ident of the United States Naturalization Proceedings Presiding: The Honorable F. Dickinson Letts, Wednesday, September 17 Judge, United States District Court for the District of Columbia Preliminary Events REGISTRATION 8:00 A.M. to 9:30 A.M. Opening of the Court:Mr. Francis M. Goetz- Mezzanine Check Room inger, Deputy United States Marshal COFFEE HOUR Address: The Honorable F. Dickinson Letts 8:30 A.M.to 9:30 A.M. Introductionof Program Chairman: Mr.S. Churchill Elmore, Chairman, Committee on Congressional Room Citizenship, The Bar Association of the District (Admission by Delegate Badge) of Columbia Special Guests: "Significance of Citizenship": Arthur C. Sponsors of the Conference and other distin- Farrington, USMC, Veteran of Korean action, guished representatives holder of the Purple Heart and Bronze Star Music: UnitedStates Army Band Response: Mrs. Anna Rdcone, Member of the Captain Hugh Curry, Commanding Officer Naturalization Class
45 40
"Responsibilities of Citizenship":Mrs. James Gwendolien Violet Mary Korniloff England B. Patton, President General, National Society, Benita Elizabeth Kurylchek Austria Daughters of the American Revolution , Sofia Mathcos .Lankford -Opporturrities of Citizenship": The Hon &able Greece Argyle R. Mackey, Cninnzirsioner, Immigration Ilona Lichtig Hungary and Naturali;ation Service, United State{ De- Clem alara Italy partment of Justice Patric ohn McMenamin Ireland PresentationofPetitioners: Mr.LowellR. Jane Milne Murphy Scotland Palines, Naturalization Examipkr,'Immigration 'relit Neelly Russia and Naturalization Service Carlos Seralin Ojeda Cuba Motion for Admission: Mr. Lowell R. Palmes ShaoHung Pond China Granting of Motion: The Honorable F. Dickin- Piejsach Portnoj son Letts Germany Rose Prencipe Administering Oath of Allegiance: The Hon- Italy Stanislava Rasin oritble Harry M. Hull; The Clerk of theCourt Czechoslovakia Closing of Court: Mr. Francis M. Goetzinger Vaclav Rasin Czechoslovakia Nada Ave* Marim, Roberts. . Italy Renee Elsie Rogers England Federico Sales Romero Philippine Islands. PETITIONERS Ann Fclicitas Scott Germany Heinrich Thole Germany Marie-Louise Helene Abel Germany Hedwig Emilie Marianne -Watson Germany Rosemary Lois Anthoni .England Arla Beatriz Williams Nina Arlet Latviaw Argentina Eftechia Zacharias Greece Ida Victoria Bernardon Italy Frederic Emil Bolliger Switzerland Pietro Bozzone Italy NATURALIZATION PROCEEDINGS Alice Arousiag Brown Uruguay COMMITTEE Alice CalIahan' Lebanon Yolanda Cattoche Benjamin G. Habberton, CharlesE.Bugay,S. Iraq Churchill Elmore, James T. Gallahorn, Harry M. Perla Chad Cuba Charlotte Frances Chambers Hall, James H. Hamilton, Jr., Helen T. Nelson, Austria Lowell R. Palmes; Dudley Smith Constantinos Cokokeos- Greece Kristina Maria Conklin Poland William Alexander Da Costs Bermuda Wednesday Afternoon Emilia Cuozzo Di Lascio Italy CEREMONY OF WREATHLAYINGHonoring Jeanine De Losh France the Signersofthe Constitution from the Anna Falcone Italy Thirteen Original States Justiniano Guzman Ferrer Philippine Islands 3:30 P.M. Joyce Taylor Ficks Canada Sylvan Theater Rosaria Fine lli Italy Washington Monument Grotinds Rae Gendason . Former U. S. Citizen Jointly sponsored by the District of Cohinibia Maria Gionis Reece Citizenship Day Committee, Colonel. Waldron Filomena Rosa Gomez Spain E. Leonard, Chairman, and the National Con- ference on Citizenship El liAlice .Guttmann Germany Marianne Wilhelmine Hansbrough Germany The Honorable F. Joseph Donohue, President, Ralph Joseph Henry Board of Commissioners, Disdict of Colurn- Panama bia-Master of Ceremonks Anna Maria Herrington Netherlands PreludeConcert Mary Elizabeth Hudson Ireland Army Element, United States Naval School of Edeltraud Frieda Hurley Germany Music Florence Louisa Johnson Canada The Massing of Colors Elfriede Franziska Kitchens Austria Patriotic Organizations Elisabeth Rahel Kitzinger Germany Invocation
46 41 The Reverend Bernard Braskamp, D.D., Chap- bad, New Mexico lain, House of Representatives The Honorable Edith of rtll, Jadge, Jltvenile Welcome by the Chairman Court of the District Qolumbia Introduction of the Master of Ceremonies Mr. Leonard Gibb, P ,rite ii.,41ent, Senior Class, Pledge of Allegiance High School, Monne' Illinois Led by Mr. Robert A. Bunch, Deportment Com- Mrs. Ruth MonrgonierY13,,P:ashinglon' Cdrre_ mander, The American Legion spoqent, New rock The Proclamation Mr. Robert WayneVrif:,..sflo37rdN, eJtru-s,Head-Pre- Read by Rutherford Day, representing -the fect, St. Albans Schoa' Washington, Department Commander, Veterans of Foreign D. C. Wars Mr. Earl Reurn,Distrif,:'''sident ofthe 916- olie Student Federill''Representing the -God .Bless America" Catholic Civic Cliebl Soloist, Miss Maria de la Hull, Columbia Opera Announcements Company Introduction of Distinguished Guests Including Colonel Edwin S.Bettelheim, Jr., Chairman of Arrangements, and Norville Lee, Thursday, SepteNer 18 Olympic Champion Activities Address: The Honorable James P. McGranery, Thursday Group t Attorney General of the United States Pageant: Wreath Laying by the Thirteen Orig- COFFEE HOUR inal States 8:30 A.M. to 9:00A.M. DirectedbytheHonorable WaldronE. Congressional Room Leonard, Chairman DEMONSTRATION GROUPDISCUSSION 9:15 A.M. to 10:15 A.M. PresidentialRoom EXHIBITMaterialson the Constitution, The' Dec- larationof Independence, and other related Leader: Dr. Kenneth G. )3.(eatti.,1tt Dean, office of subjects Public Relations, Sytaellic\`-'72iversitY Library of Congress DISCUSSION GROUP SE5''''NS Conference Delegates, Special Guests 10:30 A.M. to 12:30 P-NI. See Delegate Badge for GeP Assignment Theme: "The Constirutio0 4Z the Citizen'. WedndsdaY Evening Session DISCUSSION GROUP AO"' NS 8:00 P.M. to 10:00 P.M. 2:30 P.M.to 4:30 PIA- Presidential Room See Delegate Badge for GeP Assignment Presiding Officer: Miss Emma Mae Brotze, Prin- Theme:The Constiturio0 and the Citizen'. cipal, Marsh411 Junior High School, Marshall, TexasCo-Chairman of the Conference - n Invocation: Miss Carolyn Denton, Senior, Col- Thursday O' lege of Liberal Arts, Howard University (Informal) Keynote Address: The Honorable Justin Miller, Chairman of the Board and General Counsel, 7:00 P.M, to 9:30 PM- National Association of Radio -and Television Presidential Room Broadcasters Presiding:Miss Emma c5:ciirotze, PrinciPtil Adult and Youth Panel on Citizenship: Marshall Junior High °l, Marshall, Texas Moderator: Dr. William S. Vincent, Executive Music: United States/..10/' Officer, Citizenship Education Project, Teach- Invocation:The ReveterL/b2_,:;_irederick BrOW4 err College, Columbia University Harris, Chaplain of the et Statessenate g0ralt Participants: Address: Mr. Charles s Charlotte, Miss Louise Britner, Hagerstown High School, National ComersWinner'''S'-peak for Defnoe. Hagerstown, Maryland racy," 1948 Mr.JerryCarlisle,High School Student, Address: The HonorableJ°1111C Bell, Jr.,Jar_ Doylestown, Ohio tice, Supreme Court of fin4t31/rania Miss Janice Cox, Senior, High School, Carls- Announcements
4? 42 Friday, September19 Potomac Room Miss Corma Mowrey and the Honorable Sid- Friday Morning Activities ney G. Kusworny, Chairmen z DISCUSSION GROUP SESSIONS From California, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, 9:30 A.M. to 11:30 A.M. Nevada. Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Montana, See Delegate Badge for Group Assignment North Dakota, South Dakota. Nebraska, Wis- Theme: "The Constitution and the Citizen" consin, Texas, Cblorado, Oklahoma, Wyoming, REGIONAL PLANNING HOUR Minnesota 11:45 A.M. to l2:45 P.M. Foyer I Delegates will meet as follows: Miss Emma Mae Brotze, Chairman From District of Columbia andTerritories Federal Room Commissioner F. Joseph Donohue, Chairman Friday Luncheon and Closing Session From Maryland and Virginia 1:00 P.M. to 4:00 P.M. South American Room Presidential Room Dr. Earle T. Hawkins and Dr. J. J. Brewbaker, Presiding: The Honorable Justin Miller, Chair- Chaiyhen man of the Board and General Counsel, National Association of Radio and Television Broad- From Pennsylvania, New Jersey,Delaware, and New York casters Pan American Room Music: United States Marine Band Dr. George R. Miller, Jr., Chairman Invocation:Rabbi Norman Gerstenfeld, Min- ister of the Washington Hebrew Congregation From Maine, Massachusetts, RhodeIsland, Ver- Summarization Report:Dr. John H. Haefner, !mint, New Hampshire, Connecticut Associate Professor of Social Studies Education, District Room State University of Iowa Dr. HenryB. Hazard and Mr. Thomas Curtin, Aci,:ress::,its. Eleanor Roosevelt,' united States Chairmen Member of the Commissionon Human Rights Announcements From North Carolina. South Carolina,Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Formal Closing of the Conference Lou- National Anthem isiana,Arkansas;Mississippi,Kansas,Iiikva, Missouri Retirement of the Colors:American Legion Capitol Room National Guard of Honor Dr. A. D. Holt and Mr. Evan Evans, EVALUATION SESSION (Joint Committeeand Chairmen Conference Planning Committee) From Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois,West 4:30 P.M.to 5:30 P.M. Virginia Pan American Room
8 43 Oroup Leaders
4 _Lilian C. Aldrich, Professor, New York University, Kathleen N. Lardie, Manager, Station IFDTR. and ivprecenting Joint Council on Economic`Education SuperOtendent of Radio-TV, Detroit Public Schools Berard, Chief, Detention Branch, Immigration John k: Miles. Assistant Manager, Education Depart- :lid Naturalization Service ;tient, United States Chamber of Commerce Charles E; Bish, Principal. McKinley High School. Corma A. Mowrey, Director of Professional Services, Washington, D. C. West Virginia State Education ..Association ,bert V. Bolger, Judge, Orphans' Court, Philadelphia Thomas W. Mulrooney, Chairman. Delaware -Cons= 14::nry S. Brunner, Head, Department of Agricultural mission on Children and Youth wf Education. Pennsylvania State College Henry F. Nugent, Rhode Island State Supervisor of P. cal E. Bugay, Committee on Citizenship, Bar Asso- Adult Education ciation of the District of Columbia Everest C. Preston, Director, Division of Adult Edu- /Marguerite H. Burnett, Director, -Adult Education, cation, State Department of Education, Trenton. Delaware State Department of Public instruction New Jersey Margaret J. Butcher, Department of English, Howard Mrs. William Rabkin, Member-at-Large, 'Binai B'rith Unii.ersity Women's Supreme Council Richard A. Chappell, Chief of Probation, Administra- Bryson B. Rash, Director, Special Feature's, Jr/MAL tive Office of the United States Courts and W MAL-TV Ryland W. Crary, Training and Education Office, Mary Ann Scherer, Representative, American Junior Federal Civil Defense Administration Red Cross Robert I,. Durkee, Executive Secietary, Delaware State CurtisShears, Founder and 'PastPresident,Big Education Association Brothers of the District of Columbia Harry K. Eby, National Director, SchoolRelationships, John Shilling, .Assistant State Superintendent, State. Boy Scouts 'of America Board of Education, Delaware Rhea M. Eckel, Assistant DirectOr, Center for Field Wilmer E. Shue, 'Superintendent, Newark Special Services, New York University, and Treasurer, New School District, Delaware York State Citizens Council Clara Thorpe. County. Superintendent of Schools, Eleanor C. Fishburn, Managing Editor, News and Granite Falls, Minnesota Journal, American Junior .Red Cross M. Channing Wagner, Assistant Superintendent of W. G. Flinn, International Association of Machinists Schools, Wilmington. Delaware Marion W. Fox, President, New Jersey School women's Albert S. Watson, Management Officertate. De- Club partment Isaac Franck. Executive Director, Jewish Community Clyde E. Weinhold, Assistant. Division of Adult Edu- Council of Greater Washington cation,'State Department of Education. New Jersey GeorgeL.Glasheen, Chief, EducationalServices, Kenneth A. Wells, Director, Research Service, Boy United States Atomic Energy Commission Scouts of America Edward E. Grusd, Editor, National Jewish Monthly Charles F. 'West, Grand Lodge Representative, Inter- of B'nai B'rith national Association of Machinists. Benjamin van Doren Hedges,. Executive Vice Presi- L. Paul Winings. General Counsel, Immigration and dent, Big Brothers of America, Philadelphia Naturalization Service Lawrence 0. Haaby, Associate Professor of Education, Charles C. Wise, Jr., Legislative Reconstruc= University of Tennessee lion 'Finance Corporation Homer Kempfer, Specialistin General Adult and Post-High School Education, 'United States Office of Education
44 Among Those Invited ToServe as'Hosts andHostesses Maurine Howard Abernathy Malvin Hardy Harvey M. Rice Florence Anderson Elsie D. Harper Elizabeth Rogg Mrs. Robert Anderson Maurice M. Hartmann M. Louise Rutherford Mrs. Lyle W. Ashby Robe{tC. Hatch Ruth Scarborough Thomas R. Balaban EdwiHugh Hawes Curtis Shears David R. Balch Glady T. Hopkins J. Blanton Shields A. K. Baraeat Sister Mary Janet John Shope Robert W. Barker A. B. Kapplin William J. Shorrock W. W. Bauer Mrs. Richard B. Kennan Mary Frances Sizer Florence H. Becker Mrs. Fred C. Kilgus Mrs. Ellis N. Slack Mrs. Karl H. Berns Mrs. Rowland F. Kirk Grace P. Slocum William R. Bird John V. P. Lassoe, Jr. Elizabeth A. Smart Paxton Blair Alice Latta John J. Smith Walton B. Bliss H. P. Lauterbach William T. Snyder Thomas A. Carlin James E. Leahy Mrs. Albert Solomon Mrs. William G. Carr Mrs. Newton P. Leonard EdwardJ. Stevens Barbara Carron Nancy Long Margaret Stevenson Mrs. Newell Clapp L. E. Luberg Robert C. Stewart Kenneth Clark Hilda Maehling Mrs. James Austin Stone Frank L. Clayton Lillian T. Majally S. David Stoney Ernest M. Collins Sandra Maynard W. J. Terry Helen Crabtree Mary Ellen McCabe Julia C. Thompson Alice Elizabeth Daniels Patrick McCormick Mary K. Thornton J. Noel Deutscher Mrs. James M. McInerney Edward M. Tuttle Helen V. Dolan Charles J. McNeill James M. Eagan Robert E. Van Deusen Ruth H. McRae Vernon S. Vavrina Roland Elliott Mildred G. Moss Marjorie Walker Leonard M. Elstad Mrs. G. Frederick Mullen Florence P. Warner Zola Jean Ernest Walter J. Munro Gertrude L. Warren Mary A. Ethier Mrs. Charles B. Murray Leon S. Waskin Philip M. Ferguson C. Maxwell Myers Clyde Weinhold Timothy Fine Alice C. Neff Mrs. John L. Whitehurst Marguerite Fine lli Vivian Nicander Howard B. Wilder James T. Gallahorn, Jr. George Niedermayer Ethna Beula Winston 'Fiances K. Gans Dwayne Orton Mrs. Noland C. Wright Joseph L. Graham Everett C. Preston Margaret Ann Young Johanne M. Haberstro James B. Ranck Mrs. W. Harvey Young Jeannette Hadley
50 45 Among Those Who Helped
Elaine Allen Dorothy Girnes Charles Nichols S. A. Andretta Bessie M. Greene Vincent E. Pace Eva M. Barsis Francis E. Guy Charles B. Parker Annetta M. Berry Jane, S. Hallett Constance Plain Katherine Bilobran John C. Hill Hertzel H. E. Plaine Roberta Bolen Mary Elizabeth Jameson Bobbie Pridgen Elizabeth A.' Boyd Archibald C. Keegin Elizabeth Rafferty Leo W. Boyer Frederick C. Kilguss Elsie Shannon Gail Bryant Julie Krentzlin M. Frances Smith Jean M. Canavan Norval V. Lewis C. Guy Tadlock Charles L. Cooper Helen S. Lloyd Elizabeth A. Thomas Jesse S. Cowdrick Fern\ J. McCaslin Thelma Turner Marjorie ,cla, Costa , Geor 4, McCauley Shirley Ward '4Ff. DOnaldson 'lean T. 'Meade Gertrude L. Warner Veta V. Donock Marie A. Michels Marguerite Whitfield Alice M. Egger Mary R. Minnick Mary E. Wibel Lois Flambouris George Moreland Milton Wilkins Edgar M. FOrd Sue Moreland Roy K. Wilson Anne Gamble
Special Conference Committees And Staff Assignments
Special GuestsMrs. James P. McGraneryand Mrs. Naturalized Citizen GuestsElizabeth F. Hart Sarah Caldwell NaturalizationHearing CharlesE.Buda ,g' Group Dis)cusrionsJohn Cheney, Patricia Collins, Churchill Elmore, James T. Gallahorn, Helen '11' Ralph Hardy, John Haefner Nelson, James A. Hamilt n, Jr., Lowell R. plIlleo ExhibitsTom Clear Music and BandsThomas. Kehoe Conference DigestRuth Little, Edwina V. A. Avery, Disabled Veteran Guests-7atson Miller Helen L. Foster Radio and TVRobert Rich rds, Thomas J, Youth ServicesSam E. Scruggs, Constance F. Jones PressLeo Cadison, Virginiaeynolds HostessesCarolyn R. Just ToursVirginia Kinnaird FlowersMrs. 0. G. Hawkins, Hazel Davis Discussion Room ArrangementsNatalie Gc jji Dinner MementoL. H. Pasqualicchio Conference InformationMildred E. Fanehu%0 Representatives from the Thirteen Original States Bulletin Boards and SignsGeraldine Fitek Robert N. Anderson O'Brien Wreath Laying CeremonyWaldron E: Leonard, Robert N. Anderson
46 INSTITUTIONS, ORGANIZATIONS ANDAGENCIES. PARTICIPATING IN THE SEVENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CITIZENSHIP
Adalphi College AMerican tegi n Adult EducationAssociation of 'United Scares of American Legion of Alabama America American Legion of Connecticut Advertising Council, Inc. American Legion of New Hampshire abama Department or Education American Le,kion of Texas Ala ama Scare Teachers Association American Legion of Virginia Alliance for Guidance of Rural :Youth, American Legion of West Virginia Allied Youth American Library Association Altrusa International Aniciican Medical Association Amateur Athletic Union of United ScareS' American Medical Women's Association AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics 'American Museum of Natural History , ,AmericanAmvets' .American' National Red Cr-oss AmericanAinversSad Sacks ''American Red Cross, District of Columbia AmericanAssociation of Group ,Wdrkers American Nurses' Association American Association for Healrh, ehysical Education American Psychiatric Association and Recreation, NEA . 4 . 'Arneridan School Board Journal. American Association of School Administrators, NEA American Scfiool Health Associlion American Association for the United Nations American Social Hygiene Association American Association of University_ Women American Society of International Law American Association of University *foinen, District. of Columbia American 'Society Public Administration American Bar ASsociiirion d. Athrican Sociological Society American Bar Associarioh,Standing Committee on American Textbook Publishers Institute American Citizenship American University American City Magazine ' 'American Veterans Committee, Greater Washington American Civil Liberties Union Area Council - American Council on Education American War Mothers American Council of Voluntary Agenciesfor Foreign, American Women's Voluniary Service, Inc. Service F. ,Americanizarion League of New York American Dental AssociatiOn Americanization 'School Association of the District American Dietetic. Association of Columbia American Education .feiloWShip Anacostht High School, District of Columbia American Educarionlir Research Association Anderson .( Indiana ), City of American Farm Bureau Fedesarion Anne Arundel County Homemakers Clubs American Federation of Government Employees Antioch. College. American: Federation of Labor Ardstrong High School, District of Columbia American; Fti.undacion fdr the Blind Assembly of Women's Organizations for National Society American Friends SerC'ice Corcimirree Associated Press AmeriCan- Fund for -Czechoslovak Refuge6s Associated Women of the American Farm Bureau American Gold Scar Mottles, 'Inc. Federation ArneriCitn Wearing Society.. Association of American Law Schools American' Ilgnle ':commies ASsociarion Association of American Railroads AineriCan Hungarian Assodation. Association of American Ukrainians Aini.:ricSn Jewish Committee `Association for Childhood Education, international American Jewish. Congress 'Association of linmigrarion and Nationality Lawyers - American Junior,Red Cross, Association. for Supervision and Curriculum Develop American. Junior Red Cross, DiScrict of Columbia menN EA American Latvian Union Association Aurom Manufacturers' Association 52 47 Baltimore, City)1 Conference of Health Council Work Baltimore Skimp! System Congress of Industrial Organizations Baptist Joint''''Committee of Public Affairs Congress of Racial Equality Bar Association of the District of Columbia Connecticut Education Associatitc Bennington College Connecticut. State of Big Brothers of America Cooperative League of the USA - Big .Brothers of the District of Columbia Country Women's Council. USA, Associated Country B'nai B'rith Women of the World B'nai B'rith Anti-Defamation League Credit Union National Association B'nai B'rith Women's Supreme Council Croation Catholic Union of the USA Board of Education of Prince Georges County Croation Fraternal Union of America Board of Home. Missions of the Congregational Current Events Clubs of Hollowell, Maine Christian Churches Daily News, District of Columbia Board ofNationalMissionsofthePresbyterian Daughters of American Revolution, National Society .Church Daughters of Isabella Boy Scouts of America Daughters of the Union, National Society Boy Scouts of the District of Columbia Daughters of the United States Army Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen DelawareCommission on Children and Youth Bureau of the Budget DelawareDelta Kappa Gamma Society Business and Professional Women's Clubs of The .DelawareState Department of Public Instruction District of Columbia DelawareState Education Association Calvin Coolidge High School Delaware,State of Camp Fire Girls, Inc. Delaware,University of Cardoza High School, District of Columbia Delta Kappa Gamma Society of Arkansas Carlsbad (New Mexico) High School Democratic National Committee Carnegie Corporation of New York Department of Agriculture Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teach- Department of Air Force ing Department of Defense Catholic Civics Clubs of America Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs Catholic Daughters of America Department of Justice . Catholic Hospital Association of the United States and Canada Department of Labor, WoMen's Bureau , Catholic University Department of Navy Catholic War Veterans of the USA, Ladies Auxiliary Department of State Chatterbox Detroit Public Schools Children's Bureau, Fedal Security Agency Disabled American Veterans Children's Village District of Columbia Board of Commissioners Christian Science Committee on Publication District of Columbia Federation of Civic Associations Chrysler COrporation District of Columbia Industrial Council, CIO Church Peace Union District of Columbia Public Schools Citizenship Day Committee, District of Columbia District of Columbia Tuberculosis Association City College, School of Business and Civic Adminis-. Doylestown (Ohio) High School tration Dunbar High School, District of Columbia Civic Education Project Eastern High School, District of Columbia Civic Education Service, Inc. Educational Press Association of America Encyclopedia AmeriCana . Clark University Columbia University, Teachers College Estonian Educational Society, Inc. Commission on American Citizenship, Catholic Uni- Falls Church( Virginia) Chamber of Commerce, versity Federal Bar Association Commission 6n ChriStian Social Action, Evangelical Federal Civil Defense Commission and ReforMed Church Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service Committee of One Hundred of Miami Beach Federal Trade Commission Common Council for American Unity Federation of Citizens Associations Conference of Executives of American Schools for First Church of Christian Scientist the Deaf Fleet Reserve Associatiiin
53 48 Ford Foundation Journal of the NatiOnal Education Association Fraternal Order of Eagles, The Frand Aerie Junior Chamber of Commerce, District of Columbia Freedom's Foundation Junior Citizens Organization of Missouri Fulbright Fellows Katherine T. Murphy School, Stamford, Connecticut Fund for the Advancement of Education Kalamazoo Public Schools' Future Business Leaders of America Kansas City (Missouri), City of Future Homemakers of America Future Teachers of America Kansas Courkil for Children and Youth Kansas State Teachers Association Gallatidec College Kelly-Miller PTA, District of Columbia . General Alumni Association of Lincoln O University General Board of Lay Activities Knights of Columbus Knights of Columbus, District of Colombia General Brotherhood Board, Brethren ServiCe Com- mission League for industrial Democracy, inc. General Federation of Women's Clubs League of Women Voters of the District of Columbia General Service Administration League of Women Voters of the United States Georgia State Department of EdUcatior4 Lehigh University Georgia, State of - Library of Congress Gillespie High School, Philadelphia Lions International Girl Scouts, District of Columbia Lithuanian Alliance of America Girl Scouts of the United States of America -Lutheran ChurchMissouri Synod Gold Star Sons and Daughters of the USA McCall's Magazine Gold Star Wives of America, Inc. McKinley High School, District of Columbia Great LakesSt. Lawrence Association Madison College Greater Falls Church (Virginia) Chamber%f Com- Maine Education Commission merce Maine Stare Department of Education Greek Community of Allegheny CounZ Pennsylvania Manchester (New Hampshire) School Department Hagerstown (Maryland) High SchO61:1 '1 Manchester Teachers Guild
Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant 44 Sikiety Manhattanville Neighborhood Center, Inc. , Hood College Marinelli Haven for the Blindt Houghton Mifflin Compel-I!, Marshall College Housing and Home Finance Agenci) MaryHolmes Junior College Howard University ;i Maryland Board of Education Immigration and Naturalization Seriice Maryland Department of Public Instruction Administration Office Maryland State Bar Association Baltimore District, Local Office Maryland State Department of Education Citizenship Education -Services Maryland, State of 'General Counsel's Office Maryland State Teachers' Association, Inc. Investigation Division Maryland Stare Teachers College Institute of World Affairs Massachusetts Department of Education Inter-Federation Council Massachusetts, State of International Association of Machinists Massachusetts Teachers Federation International Association of Personnel in Employ- Medical Society of the District of Columbia ment Security Members of German Exchange International Machines Corporation Mennonite Central Committee International News Metropolitan Police Department International Society of ChristianEndeavor Miami University Iowa State Education Association Michigan Department of Public Instruction Iowa, State of Michigan, State of Iowa, State University of Michigan Youth Advisory Council Japanese-American Citizens League Military Order of the Purple Heart, Inc. Jewish Agricultural Society, Inc. Millersville State Teachers College Jewish Community Center in Washington Miners Teachers College Jewish War Veterans, National LadiesAuxiliary Minnesota Junior Chamber of Commerce Joint Council on Economic Education Missouri State Department of Education
SJ 49 Mitchell High School. National Industries for the Blind
Monmouth ( Illinois) High School 4 National- IndustriesfortheBlind,Districtof Montana State Department of Public Instruction Columbia Montgomery County (Maryland) Youth Commission National Institute of Municipal Law Officers qViotion Picture Association of America,Inc. National Jewish Welfare Board Music Educators Natioiial Conference, NEA National Jewish Welfare Board, District of Columbia MutualOroadcasting System National Kindergarten Association National Ainvets Auxiliary National League for Nursing National Association of Broadcasters National League to Promote School Attendance National Association of College Women National Lutheran Council_ National Association of the Deaf National Newman Club Federation . National Association of Deans of Women, NEA National Order of Women Legislators National Association of Future Farmers of America National Panhellenic Conference National Association of Girl Scout Executives National Recreation Association National Association of Jewish Center Workers National Rifle Association of America National Association of Manufacturers National School Boards Association, Inc. National Association for Mental Health National Security Resources Board National Association, Negro Business and Profes- National Service Board sional Women's Clubs, Inc. National Slovak Society of USA National Association of Women Liwyers National Small Business Men's Association, Inc. National Broadcasting Company,'. Inc. National Society of Constitutional. Security National Capital Housing Authority National Society of New England Women, New York National Catholic Community Service City Colony National Catholic Educational Association National Tuberculosis Association National Catholic Welfare Conference National Woman's Christian Temperance Union Bureau of IMmigration Nationality Committee of Baltimore Community Service NEA Department of Classroom Teachers War Relief Service NEA Department of Rural Education Youth Department Nebraska, State of National Christ Child Society New Hampshire State Department of Education NationalCivil Service League 44t New Hampshire, State of NationalCommission on Safety Education, NEA New Homemakers of America NationalConference of Catholic Charities New Jersey Elementary Classroom Teachers Associa- tion Nation'alConference of Christians and Jews, Inc. NationalCongress of Colored Parents and Teachers New Jersey School Women's Club NationalCongress of Parents and Teachers New Jersey State Department of Education New Jersey, State of NationalCouncilof Catholic Men Nationcouncilof Catholic Women New Jersey State Teachers College' at Montclair NationalCouncilof Churches New Orleans Parish School Board NationalCouncilof Jewish.. Women New Orleans, City of New York Daily News NationalCouncilof Negro Women NationalCouncil New York City Board of Education, Bureau of Com- on Schbolhouse Construction munity Education NationalCoun;d for the Social Studies, NEA New York County Lawyers Association National Councilof Women of the United States, New York State Bar Association Inc. Nationql Council of the YMCA New York State Department of Education, Bureau of Adult Education National Council for Youth New York, State of National Education Association et New York State Teachers Association National FederationofBusinessandProfessional Women's Clubs, Inc. New York University, School of Education Norfolk, City of National Federation of Temple Sisterhoods National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis Norfolk City School Board National Grange North Carolina Board of Education North Carolina Federation of Home Demonstration National Home Demonstration Council Clubs
55 North Carolina Recreation Association Sc. Joseph's Orphanage North Carolina, State of Station WM AL, American BroadcastingCompany North, Dakota State Bar Association Student Cooperative Association ofVirginia Northern Illinois State Teachers College Sweet Briar College Oberlin College Syracuse University Office, of Education, Federal Security Agency Takoma Park Presbyterian YouthGroup Ohio Education Association Teen Times Ohio State Bar Association Tennessee, University of Ohio University Times Herald, District of Columbia Oklahoma Bar Association Ukrainian Congress Committee ofAmerica, Inc. Order Sons of Italy in America Ukrainian Workingmen's Association Optimist International United Business Education Association Patriotic Women of America UnitedChristian Missionary Society Pennsylvania Bar Association UnitedCommunity Service Pennsylvania Department of Public Instructidri:' . UnitedNations High Commission for Refugees Pennsylvania School District of Radnor TOWnship UnitedService for New Americans, Inc. Pennsylvania State College UnitedSociety of Friends Women Pennsylvania State Education Association UnitedStates Atomic Energy Commission Pennsylvania, State of United States Circuit Court of Appeals,Ohio Pennsylvania, University of United States Civil Service Commission Peoples Mandate Committee United States National7 StudentsAssociation Phelps-Stokes Fund Upholsterers' International Union of NorthAmerica Philadelphia Board of Education Utah Junior Chamber of Commerce Philadelphia Teachers Association Utah, State of Planned Parenthood Federation of America,Inc. Vasa Order of America, GrandLodge Planned Parenthood 'Federation of theDistrict of Veterans of Foreign Wars Columbia Virginia Congress of Parents andTeachers Polish American Congress Virginia, State of Polish National Alliance Voice of America Psychiatric Sodety of the District of ColuMbia Voluntectrs of America, The Public School Teachers Association ofBaltimore Wac Vets Quota Club. international Washington Board of Trade Randolph Macon College Washington Post Reader's Digest Education Service Washington Star Reconstruction Finance Corporation Washington, State of Rhode Island College of Education Wayne Couhty Board of Education Rhode Island. State of West New York ( New Jersey),City of Rochester, New York, City of West Virginia State College Roosevelt High School, District of Columbia 4 West Virginia State EducationAssociation Rural Youth of the United Statesof America Salvation Army West Virginia, State of Save the Children Federation Western High School, Districtof Columbia Western Maryland College Science Research Associates Seamen's Church Institute of Wilmington (Delaware) PublicSchools New York Wilson. Teachers College SecondSupervisoryDistrictAssociation,Nassau County Wisconsin, University of Selective Service System Woman's Christian TemperanceUnion Shepherd College Women's B* Association of theDistrict of Columbia South Carolina Department ofEducation Women's International League forPeace and Freedom South Carolina, State of Woodrow Wilson High School,District of Columbia World Health Organization Southern Supreme Council ofthe Ancient and Ac- cepted Scottish Rite ofFreemasonry, USA YWCA for the District ofColumbia Spiingtield( Massachusetts) School System YWCA of the USA. NationalBoard St. Albans School for Boys,District of Columbia Zonta International
56 51 Full page^"ViiStographs have been 'removed byERIC due to poor repro
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