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New Species of Limpets from the Neogene of Alaska

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New Species of Limpets from the Neogene of Alaska ARCTIC VOL. 41, NO.3 (SEPTEMBER 1968) P. 167-172 14ewn Species of Limpets from the Neogene of Alaska (Patellogastropoda: Mollusca) DAVID R. LINDBERG’ and LOUIE MARINCOVICH, JR.’ (Received 1I March 1987; accepted in revisedform 4 February 1988) ABSTRACT. Twonew species of patellogastropod limpets from the Miocene-Plioceneof Alaska are described-Putelloidu grudutus new species from the Unga Conglomerate Memberof the Bear Lake Formationat Cape Aliaksin, Alaska Peninsula, southwestern Alaska, and Niveotecturu myrukeenue new species from the Yakataga Formation in the northeastern ofGulf Alaska. A third species from the Narrow Cape Formationof Kodiak Islandmay be referrableto Putelloidu sookensis Clarkand Arnold, 1923, a species previously known only from VancouverIsland, Canada. These and other speciesof Patelloidinae dominated the northeastern Pacific patellogastropod fauna for over60 m.y. The presence in Alaska of these three warm-water limpet species may be related to the middle Miocene warm-water event that is well documented elsewhere in the NorthPacific. However, regional cooling during the late Neogene drove this predominantly tropicalgroup from higher latitudes, leaving them poorly represented in the Holocene borealfauna. Key words: paleontology, historical biogeography, paleoecology, fossil gastropods, Miocene, Patellogastropoda,Patelloidu, limpets RÉSUMÉ. On ddcrit deux nouvelles esfices de patelles gastdropodes trouvdes dans lemioctne-plioctne de l’Alaska: la nouvelle esp&cePutelloidu grudurus venant duconglodrat de I’Unga, membre lade formation Bear Lakeau cap Aliaksin dans la péninsule del’Alaska, au sud-ouestde l’Alaska, et la nouvelle esfice Niveotecturu myrukeenue venant de la formation Yakataga dans la partie nord-est du golfel’Alaska. de Une troisitme esptce de la formation Narrow Cape de l’îleKodiak peut se rattacherà la Putelloida sookensis Clark etAmold, 1923, une esfice qui n’avaitkt6 trouvée auparavant que dans l’île de Vancouver au Canada. Ces esfices et d’autres appartenant aux Patelloidinae ont domind la faune des patelles gastéropodes du Pacifique Nord-Est pendant60 millions d’annees.On peut codler la presence en Alaska de ces troisesfices de patelles d’eaux tempérkesau fait, bien documenté ailleursdans le Pacifique Nord, de la présence d’eaux tempéréesau milieu dumioche. Cependant, le refroidissementde la rkgion aucours de la fin dunéogtne fit fuir des latitudes dlevtes ce groupe appartenant en grande partieà la faune tropicale, ce qui explique sa faible representation dans la faune boréale de I’holoc&ne. Mots clés: paldontologie, biogéographiehisbrique, palddcologie, fossiles gastkropodes,mioche, patelles gasteropodes, Patelloidu, patelles Traduit pour lejournal par Ndsida Loyer. PE3QME. Onncanw nsa KOBWX snna narennoracspononnuxonmneqex unouetta-nnnouena Anucre. nepaun - &- FëïXTdagradatus n. ~p.11s ynrwcxoro ~onrnouepat~~~oronnacTa ~~P~~RKCKORCBHTU na nuce AnUKCHHe, HP AJIUCKHCXOU nonyocrpoae B mro3anonnonAnrcrte, H eropo~- Niveotecturamyrakeenae n. sp. HS urararnn- CKOA CBHTU na cesepo~ocro~n~ndepery AnucKnncroro sanuna. TperxA ann, HS H3ppOYK3IICKOti CBHTY na oc- rpose KonuKe, noze~6hlTb orneceti K Patelloida sookensisClark 8 Arnold,1923. Ao lwHe TOT ann scspe- VanCr TOnbKO na KanancKon ocrpoBe BaHNyBepe. 3rn TPH anna, BHOCT~c npyrnnw annann Patelloidinae, rocnoncrBoBann B +aynenarennoracrponon ceBeponocroqnoro THxoro oKeana a Teqeane 90 nnn. ner.npncy- cTBne OTXX rennosonnux~nnos dnloz~euer B Anrcxenoxer durb carsano CO cpennewnouenosuuTennosonnun co- 8b1THen. KOI~DO~secbua xopomo noKynentnposanno B npyrwxnynrrax Cenepworo Tnxoro oKeana. Onnaxo, pe- rnonanbnoenoxonoxnenne BO Bpenunoonnero neorexa Burecnnno STY npenwymecraexaorponnqecKym rpynny c BYCOKHX mnpor, OCT~B~RUeecnadoe npeacraanrenbcrso B ronouenonoR6opeanbnoR aaywe Ceaepnoro Tnxoro olceaaa. INTRODUCTION Cap-shaped or limpet shells are common components of some excellent condition and are readily apparent in cross section Tertiary fossil assemblages. However, because of the simple (Fig. 1). shell morphology and the reliance on soft part characters for mostlimpet classification schemes, fossil limpets areoften tentatively assigned to a Holocene regional familyor genus and are not further studied. This practice has contributed to a fossil record for limpets that lacks a historical biogeographical perspective. Patellogastropod limpets, whichtypically occur in high- energy, rocky, nearshore environments, are usually represented in fossil assemblages by few individuals and often reflect the vagaries of post-mortem transport into more benign environ- ments, where they were preserved. However, if some of the original material of the patellogastropod shell is preserved, identification of the specimen need notbe uncertain. The use of shell microstructure in patellogastropodsystematics has already been demonstrated(MacClintock, 1963,1967; Lindberg, 1976, 1978,1979,1981a; Lindberg and McLean, 1981; Lindberg and Hickman, 1986), and its use in recognizing distributions of patellogastropod taxa inspace and timeis invaluable for under- standing the evolution of members of the order. For example, although manyof the specimens discussed herein are Miocene mG. I. Cross section through the shell of Niveotectura myrukeenue Lindberg and in age (24-5 Ma), their shell microstructure characters are in Marincovich, new species (holotype, USNM 414579). Scale bar = 2 mm. ‘Museum of Paleontology, Universityof California, Berkeley, California94720, U.S.A. ’U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California94025, U.S.A. @TheArctic Instituteof North America 168 / D.R. LINDBERG and L. MARINCOVICH, JR. The three limpets from the Neogene of Alaska discussed here Genus Patelloida Quoy and Gaimard, 1834 include two new species and are the first fossil members of the Patelloida Quoy and Gaimard, 1834:349 patellogastropod subfamily Patelloidinae known from Alaska. Shell oflow to high profile; typically stout, withthick Members of this predominantly tropical clade were common in intermediate area composedof concentric crossed-lamellar layer. Tertiary limpet faunas along the west coast of North America Sculpture variable, but radial components usually present and (Vancouver to San Diego) for over 62 m.y. (Lindberg and concentric growth line sculpture typically threadlike and pro- Hickman, 1986). With the onset of regional cooling during the nounced in complex prismatic layer. Lateral teeth variable in Neogene (Durham, 1950; Addicott, 1969), most Patelloida taxa size and shape, cusps complex; marginal teeth in two pairs were excluded from higher latitudes, and only tworelict genera, (radular tooth formula: 2-3-0-3-2). Radular ventral plates com- Erginus Jefferys, 1877, and Niveotectura Habe, 1944, remain plex; sutures, anterior processes and lateral extensions present in the boreal Pacific Ocean today (Lindberg, 1983). Patelloida in most taxa. Gut looping complex; two excretory organs, one gradatus new species from the Alaska Peninsula and ?Patelloida on either side of the rectum; single gill present on left side of sookensis (Clark and Arnold, 1923) from nearby Kodiak Island nuchal cavity. Pericardial sac triangular, positioned on anterior are members of a genus that was excluded from the region, left side of visceral mass. Oral lappets present in some species. while Niveotectura myrakeenae new species from the Bering Mantle edge often thickened with large tentacle/gland com- Glacier region of southeast Alaska is the first fossil occurrence plexes. Broadcast spawning. of this relict genus in Alaska. Age. Cretaceous to Holocene. The presence in Alaska of these three warm-water limpet Distribution. Past andpresent tropical and warmtemperature species may be related tothe middle Miocene warm-water event seas in both hemispheres. that is well documented elsewhere in the North Pacific. Evi- Remarks. Modem species of the monophyletic taxon (or dence for this warm-water event in Alaska has recently been clade) Patelloida s.1. (sensu lato) live in tropical and subtropi- documented by the presence in the Bear Lake Formationof the cal regions. As now defined, the group consists of at least two warm-water gastropod Turritella(Hataiella) sagai Kotaka, subclades (Lindberg and Vermeij, 1985). One subclade includes 1951, previously known only from earliest middle Miocene those species with low to medium shell profiles, strong radial (16-15 Ma old) faunas of Honshu, Japan (Marincovich and ribs or many fine riblets, reduced third lateral radular teeth, and Kase, 1986). Patelloida gradatus new species, known from a that occur on various substrata. The type species of the genus, Bear Lake outcrop inferred herein to be of middle Miocene age, Patelloida rugosaQuoy andGaimard, 1834, is a member of this is further evidence of a warm-water event that influenced the subclade; hencemembers of this subclade are assigned to Bear Lake fauna. The less certain dating of the Miocene or Patelloida S.S. (sensu stricto). The other subclade, which has Pliocene occurrence of Niveotectura myrakeenaenew species in been called the Patelloida profundagroup by Christiaens (1 975) the Yakataga Formation makes it more debatable to ascribe the and Lindberg andVermeij (1989, includes species with medium presence of this species to the earliest middle Miocene warm- to high shell profiles, many ribs, equal-sized lateral radular water event. The same may be saidfor the presence of ?Patelloida teeth, and typicallylimited to calcareous substrata. Both groups sookensis in the Narrow Cape Formation of Kodiak
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