AGAINST WAR AND FASCISM

The Nazi Octopus Reaches Out Drawing by Mildred Rackley ° FATHER COUGHLIN SHOWS HIS FACE . TAKING THE PROFITS An Economy of Scarcity 5 OUT OF WAR Is Fascism S Coming? 5 By Walter Wilson C. Hartley Grattan Scott Nearing se) WRITERS AGAINST FASCISM & y By Malcolm Cowley A Letter from Under- ground Germany REVOLT IN ° : THE PHILIPPINES COAL BLACK GALLUP A Marine Goes Red By Phillip Stevenson

HOW MUSSOLINI “SAVED” ITALY—» ceorce setves East, and I venture the opinion that the road to the next War ean be fairly well predicted IS FASCISM COMING IN THE U.S. A.? from a study of the road to the last War, the probable similarities being more impor- tant than the probable differences. An out- ARE WE ON THE VERGE OF WAR? standing difference, however, will be that we ©. Hartley Grattan and Scott Nearing answer these questions. Next, month shall spend a shorter time on the way. ‘we shall print statements their position on from contemporary othor prominent social trends. Americans, giving ©. Hartley Grattan. AM COMPLETELY opposed to all alien that Fascism is, to the uncritical, simply a ° and sedition legislation, being firmly con- natural extension of traditional ways of think- vineed that, whatever its open and avowed ing and acting. I quite agree that men like Demoeratic institutions, established during. intent, its secret purpose is to suppress not Long, Coughlin and Johnson have Fascist char- the period of capitalist expansion, are aban only Communists but also all radicals, Iib- acteristics, but I doubt that they are true doned during a period of decline. ‘The sedi- erals and other pro-labor dissidents of what- Fascists in thefr present state. They are har- tion bills are a part of this program. Prop- ever tint. Such legislation can only bring in bingers but not the genuine article. ertied and privileged groups take this line its train that host of evils gathered together Texpect War in the near future, and I am. to shoulder the chief burdens of the decline under the rubric, Fascism. appalled to note that most of the’ opposition. onto the workers. Fascism unquestionably represents reaction to it is emotional and seatter-brained, It is Fascism is the organized retreat of the and is, in its essence, a desperate effort to my pessimistic opinion that nine-tenths of the propertied and privileged from higher to choke all the forces making for progress, As existing anti-War sentiment would disappear Tower economical levels. Open Fascism does it becomes more and more obvious that the like morning dew before the blasts of pro- not ordinarily begin until an aggressive effort economic forces making for progress are War propaganda when that propaganda has is made to set up the self-sufficient state. bursting asunder the old institutions of con- the open and avowed support of the govern- The U. S. A. is moving toward this stage of trol, those benefiting by those institutions ment. Moreover anyone acquainted with the capitalist decline, but has not yet reached it, make a desperate effort to retain their fa- story of our relations to the last great War vored position. In doing so they not only eamnot fail to be impressed with the fact All signs point to Wars: capitalist countries make an assault upon the rising social class that we are, in official circles, no better pre- versus the U.S.S.R.; Germany versus France which is prepared to sustain and extend the pared to resist the blandishments of the War and her allies; the United States versus forces of progress but also upon anything and makers and in many respects worse off. Japan. Britain seems to be pulling the strings everything, ideological and material, which There is no general understanding of the in all of these potential War situations. Her also threatens their power. It is, therefore, significance of trade entanglements, there is ruling class must destroy its principal enemies, not only the revolutionaries who have reason the same feeling that moralistic emotionalism one at a time. It looks as though they to fear and oppose Fascism, but the intel- is a sufficient guide to diplomatic action, and wanted to begin on the U.SS.R., but might lectuals—writers, scientists, artists, ete. —as the same low quality of personnel is charac- have to start on Germany, despite their pref- well; indeed, any person or group interested in teristic. In addition we have a navalist as erence for the attack on the USSR. Of progress in any way whatever. As yet I sco President, and a much more self-conscious course the U.S.A. will be drawn into the next more unconscious Fascism in the United States military and naval crowd in the government War: first to accumulate more bad debts in than open and avowed Fascism. In my opinion today than in 1914-17 when, it will be re- exchange for munitions, and then to defend the fundamental elements of the Fascist out- called, the militaristic propaganda came from her interests in these debts and in other look flow with extraordinary logicality from the outside, from General Leonard Wood and imperialist ventures. capitalistic outlook; and since the constituent ‘Theodore Roosevelt. I am convinced that the ‘A imited front against War and Fascism elements of the American mind are, to a very United States will sooner or later be drawn is pressingly important. Breat extent, capitalistic, it naturally follows into any War, whether in Europe or the Scott Nearing.

“We have forgotten the very principle of tors, and executive officials the authority to our origin, if we have forgotten how to object, arrest, fine, and imprison any of their polit- ATTENTION: how to resist, how to agitate, how to pull down ical foes who were especially objectionable to and build up, even to the extent of revolutions ‘them, and in practice it was so applied. And practices, if it be necessary to readjust matters. all know the verdict of history on this act of Woodrow Wilson. partisan fury and tyranny. ‘The party that MR. HEARST passed it was buried in oblivion, and for more ° than a century, in peace and war, no such “. . . Governments are instituted among If there is any principle of the Constitution sweeping violation of political liberty was ‘men, deriving their just powers from the con- that more imperatively calls for attachment placed upon the statute books of the United sent of the governed; that whenever any form than any other, it is the principle of free States, of government becomes destructive of these thought—not, free thought for those who Lamar T. Beman. ends, it is the right of the people to alter or agree with us, but freedom for the thought to abolish it, and to institute a new govern- we hate, ment, laying its foundation on such prin- Oliver Wendel Holmes. ciples, and organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness . .. when a long ‘The cry has been that when war is declared, train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing all opposition should therefore be hushed, A invariably the same object, evinces a design sentiment more unworthy of a free country (ES AGAINST WAR AND FASCISM to reduce them under absolute despotism, could hardly be propagated. If the doctrine it is their right, i is their duty to throw off such be admitted rulers have only to declare war von TONE, 1505 NOs government, and to provide new guards for their and they are screened at once from scrutiny. CHAIRMAN:. WARD Future security.” . In war, then, as in peace, assert the VICE-CHAIRMEN: Declaration of Independence (1778). freedom of speech and of the press. Cling to ROBERT MORSS LOVETT, . this as the bulwark of all your rights and LINCOLN STEFFENS, EARL BROWDER_ Congress shall make no law respecting an privileges. establishment of religion, or prohibiting the William Ellery Channing. free exercise thereof; or abridging the free- ° dom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people ‘peaceably to assemble, and to It would of course be doing violence to Petition the Government for a redress of history to imply that the principle of freedom grievances, of press and speech was universally accepted United States Constitution. among the founders of this republic. Every ° school-child knows the history of the Sedi- tion Act of 1798. Frightened by the criticisms Publiohed Monthly by the National Executive This country, with its institutions, belongs of the Jeffersonians bent on ousting them to the people who inhabit it. Whenever they from power, the Federalists hurried through ed CConimittee Facciom of 138 the Bact American foth Strect, League’ New Againct York, N.Y. Wor grow weary of the existing Government, they Congress a law drawn in broad and loose can exercise their constitutional right of language which in effect penalized everyone Ganada, and’ Foreign, ‘Sevontysice conts 2 yoor amending it, or their revolutionary right to who passed severe strictures upon the Gov- Entered 2o Second Ciace matter, Feb. 90, 1086, 08 dismember or overthrow it. tuner the Poet the Ofte Act at of Now March York, &, 1878. NY. = ernment of the United States. In fact, this Abraham Lincoln. measure gave to Federalist judges, prosecu-

HOW MUSSOLINI “SAVED” ITALY By GEORGE SELDES Noted journalist exposes the concealment of vast deficits; an excerpt from “SAWDUST (CAESAR: The Untold Story of Mussolini,’ to be published by Harpers, in the national budget although it figures in I: JANUARY of 1922 an Italian journalist saved Italy, and American financiers floated the treasury accounts. This sum alone would went to a “peace” conference at Cannes. 600,000,000 in Italian bonds. Most of this was practically consume the whole income from He handed a cashier of a bank several wasted in such graft and corruption that even taxation for that year. A favorite trick em- hundred lire notes. The cashier shoved back Mussolini was forced to send a famous vice-duce ployed by Mussolini is to falsify the state Just half that many francs. to jail. budget by transferring state expenses to the “Tt was a humiliation,” the Italian ex- From the beginning of Fascism the govern- municipal budgets. American financiers have claimed, “a blow to the self-respect of a ‘ment has announced either balanced budgets not spotted this method of “balancing the victorious nation; it indicated our progress or a surplus. Arnaldo Cortesi, correspondent budget.” The Fascist financial jugglers still toward bankruptey. Up leaped the thought of the New York Times, cabled such “news” get away with it. that this situation must be cured by the vital to his paper. He has been the most enthusiastic Under Volpi, who had the advice of Andréw strength of Fascism? voluntary agent of Fascism in Italy. Here is ‘Mellon, 1,211,000,000 lire were cancelled from The journalist was none other than Benito ‘one example of the buncombe which the world the cash items of the treasury accounts pub- Mussolini. The patriotic emotion engendered press has published: Mussolini jubilantl by this humiliating experience resulted later stated that: “We have a balanced budget. Self- in the gold stabilization of the lira, in the ruling units, the provinces and the communes, promulgation of the Fascist Corporative or have balanced their budgets, too.” Totalitarian State, “the greatest achievement of Fascism.” Financial Juggling But facts found in official reports of the Italian Fascist State show that the “progress No journalist sending out this claim took the toward bankruptcy” has continued. The lira ‘trouble to examine the government's own had gone down to 23.91 to the dollar in the figures. This is what they showed: Italian children in gas-masks second half of 1920; thereafter it rose in value, and just before Mussolini marched on Rome, Debts in lire: Provinces: Capital Cities: lished July $1, 1928 as a sum “not liable to the lira was 20.15 to the dollar. ‘Then under January 1, 1925 954,000,000 3,066,000,000 be spent.” But the next year the treasury Fascism it dropped until in August, 1926, it January 1, 1928 41,826,000,000 6,481,000,000 account announced that the fiscal year had reached 80.58 under the miracle-working Duce. closed on June 20 with a surplus of 2,852,- Economies had defeated patriotism. 000,000. ‘This was widely heralded in the Rapturously Mussolini proclaimed in 1927 American press. But a month later a slight that the lira was back on a gold basis on a correction was made—a reduction of the “sur- “sound ratio,” despite the opinion of American plus” ‘by 2,845,000,000 lire, with the explana and European economists that stabilization at tion: “Reduction of the cash fund for opera 19 lire to the dollar was insane. This brought tions to be credited to the preceding fiscal about a deficit of 2,500,000,000; conservative year.” Next month there was a further “cor- British economists place the loss at 8,500,000,- rection” of 89,000,000 lire. Thus, two months 000 ‘lire. It was certainly one of the most after the Fascist dictator had informed the world and particularly American bond holders expensive gestures in financial history. that he had more than two billion eredit, there was actually a deficit of 574,000,000, lire! American Bankers Saved the In 1980 the budget showed a cash surplus of Savior of Italy In another budget a British journalist found 2,261,000,000, and again supplementary ac- ‘Thomas W. Lamont, of.J. P, Morgan and one item of expenditure, oficially announced, counts published a month later brought a “cor- Go., wrote a hymn of praise; Mussolini had of 14,000,000,000 lire, has not one lira debited rection” of 1,581,000,000 lire. On June 80, 1980 the Ministry of Finance issued the following amazing statement: “The value in Italian lire of the total bonds floated Italy isa nation inuniform. All teachers must wear abroad, is 7,200,000,000.” But, if official reports the Fascist uniform and inculeate “patriotism” in are analyzed, the fact appears that in June, the pupils, who wear black shirts and white collars, 1980 the Italian debts contracted abroad were 111,500,000,000 lire and not 7,200,000,000. “One. ‘would think” says the French economist Valois, “that the official statement had been compiled by an adversary of Fascism, seeking to dis- credit it completely.” Mussolini Blames Wall Street Crash for Fascism’s Failures ‘Then came one of those master-strokes of Machiavellianism for which great statesmen and bankers should pay tribute to Mussolini. On December 10, 1980 he delivered himself thus: “The situation in Italy was satisfactory until the Fall of 1929 when the American market crash exploded like a bomb. ... We remained 3 astonished because we had been given to under- years! In the Fascist Senate finance committee goes to the Fascist militia and the OVRA, stand that America was the country of endless reports, there are annuities listed as follows: secret political police. Fascist Italy spends ten prosperity. ... Everyone was rich there. . March 29, 1924, 6,546,000,000 lire; December times as much for policing as does France, Everyone gambled on the stock exchange and 81, 1980, 65,890,000,000 lire; March 81, 1982, ‘The public works program, similar to that stocks rose incessantly. ... Suddenly the beau- 75,118,000,000 lize; February 28, 1983, 74,815, of the N-R.A, drains billions from the treas- tiful scene collapsed, and we had a series of (000,000 lire, ury. Millions of lie are yearly spent on black days... . From that day we also were ‘These figures, taken from official sources by propaganda, which includes subsidizing pro- pushed into the high seas, and navigation has Professor Salvemini, explain the ‘co-existence Fascist Italian newspapers in the United become extremely difficult.” Howard Brubaker in Italian finance of an allegedly balanced States. ‘The tremendous cost of Fascist rule necessi- commented: “Mussolini has calmed growling budget with an elaborate system of public Italians with the information that Wall Street works. . .. The Fascist dictatorship has dodged tates the doubling of taxation. The burden falls is responsible for their lower salaries; their the difficulties of the moment by creating a most heavily on the necessities of life; there ‘unemployment, their low returns on farm prod- mountain of hidden debts, It has left the future is a tax of three cents a kilogram on bread, ucts. About the only crimes not attributed to to take care of itself—apres moi le deluge!” 26 cents on sugar, 6 cents on salt. Real wages Wall Street were the earthquakes of last July.” Although the magazine Fortune in its Italian ‘and living standards of the Italian workers are

But, despite intricate and ambiguous official declining, and Mussolini has repeatedly warned the statistics which made it impossible to arrive at number July, 1984, gave 176 pages of glowing alian people that continued sacrifices are neces: a correct estimate of the situation in Fascist words and pretty pictures to glorify Mussolini, sary for the greater glory of Italy and of Fascism. Italy, a hundred instances ean be found prov- it nullifes all claims by admitting that: “The In pre-Fascist days, between 1918 and 1922, long established poverty of the Italian masses ing that three or four years before the Ameri- hhas been emphasized everywhere. . . . The Italian labor had won for itself better living can crisis began the Italian crisis was in full average wage of Italian agricultural and in- conditions, ‘These gains were wiped out by sway. Cash reserves of the treasury grew rap- dustrial workers has fallen perhaps 25 percent Fascist rule. Labor disputes have continued, idly smaller and the public debt increased. in the last five years ‘The masses are but are settled in court or by the syndicates struck at every turn by the indirect tax policy which are a part of the Corporate State. The Fascist Figure False right of labor freely to organize has been of the State. . . . Unemployment has been abolished; workers were robbed of their most How can one trust Fascist figures when they slowly increasing. ... The standard of living of Italian labor has been estimated as the low- potent weapon when striking was made a are so contradictory? The Reconditi Generali est of any country in Europe. . . .” In other criminal offense. Consuntivivi gives the annual deficits from In 1926 William Bolitho reported that the Tuly 1, 1928 to June 80, 1982 as 2,576,000,000; words, everything glorifying Fascism is propaganda 507,000,000; 288,000,000 and 2,800,000,000; a ‘or window dressing. Behind this facade Fascism Italian peasants were in a state of serfdom. is a failure, Sinee then conditions for the whole country total deficit of 5,671,000,000 lire. But the have grown worse—and now industrial work- Bolletino Mensile di Statistica (August, 1984) General taxation has just about doubled ers also are serfs, Slavery is inherent in claims for the same years, 555,000,000 surplus; ‘under Fascism: 20,000,000,000 lire annually as 170,000,000 surplus; 504,000,000 deficit; and compared with 12,000,000,000 before Mussolini 8,867,000,000 deficit; total, 8,646,000,000 de. “saved Italy.” Among the many reasons is the fieit. enormous increase in the budget of the War ae American tourists have repeated Mussolini’s department. Mussolini believes War is inevi- boast that Italian trains run on time, magni- table, and is preparing for it with all possible LIVING STANDARDS IN ficient automobile roads have been built, haste. marshes drained, vast public improvements Fascism Drives Living GERMANY AND ITALY ‘made. And yet the national debt has gone up ‘Standards Down ‘Wages have gone down an average of 45 per~ only four or five billions. How account for ‘The maintainence of the dictatorship re- cent; prices of consumers’ goods generally this miracle? The Fascist government has hid. quizes an espionage system costing more than have risen an average of 80 percent. The den its debts by postponing them ten to fifty a billion lire annually. Another two billion standard of living of the German people has been reduced by half and unemployment, -not counting forced labor, has been stabilized at BEFORE— seven million men and women. But note this AND AFTER fact: there is an increase of 80 percent in the Mussolini's troops profits of the 25 greatest corporations. And leaving Italy for Africa. Ferdinand in Italy under Mussolini the living standard of Kuhn cables to the the Italian worker and peasant is lower than New York Times anything we have up to now known in civilized Drought, malaria and blistering heat Europe. It is these harrowing internal condi- ‘are inflieting tntense tions that account for the sabre rattling of sufering spon Muss golini's young. fight- these countries. Their fascist tyrants cannot ing men, who sailed solve the bread and butter problems of their from Italy with so people, so they divert their attention much enthusiasm by fright- only afew months ening them about the warlike intentions of neighbors. Presbyterian. Tribune. April 18, 1935.

Widespread poverty shows itself again in the schools. A year ago shoes were provided “Nerboten” Truth Gets for poor children, but not any I now see children going to school in the snow with slippers or rags on their feet, and others stay Through from Germany home barefoot. Many stay inside classrooms during recess in order to keep warm while the A German member of the American League activity was three years hard labor. Now a more fortunate play outdoors. Against War and Fascism sends us this letter sentence of eight years is not uncommon. One The winter relief organization used by the received through underground channels from comrade who was caught crossing the frontier Nazis to compel people to make “voluntary hhas just been sent to a labor camp for that contributions, has done almost nothing to re- long. lieve suffering this past winter. All the cash ‘One woman who just came out of the prison collected went to the Saar. The poor get less camp at— reported that all women prisoners and relief, Complaints are met with are regularly beaten with whips to which iron eynical indifference or with violence. The un- balls and hooks are fastened. Her skin still employed get only barely enough potatoes, shows scars She lost 50 pounds during im- flour and tapioca to keep them alive. ment by 3,000,000, but official statistics show prisonment. She is still in bed, and has to News has just come that our former Reich- be artificially fed. Apart from the beating, stag deputy, K——, has finally, after endless the bad food resulted in an ulcerated stomact tortures covering a period of two years, been and she vomited everything she ate and was taken to the insane asylum. He was one of taken to a hospital only when she fainted con- the finest men I have ever known, a gentle, tinually. kindly person and an eloquent orator who, ‘One comrade was arrested one year ago although an aristocrat himself, devoted his when the police found an anti-Nazi paper in whole life to fighting for the workers. This her mail-box, She could not stand the con- news has affected us all deeply—it seems more stant torture and said that H— might have tragic somehow than torture and death. That put the paper in her mail-box. So H. brilliant brain warped forever by Nazi bar arrested, nd a year later tried and sentenced barism! to 8 years hard labor ‘We have also just heard from a reliable There have been large headlines in the pa~ source that a concentration camp has already pers about “an inhuman mother who let her been established in the Saar. Now the Saar three children die of hunger.” They say she workers too will know what fiends the Nazis spent all her money on drink, and locked her are; but they will join us in the great united children up to starve. Her husband is in a front against Hitler that ié being welded lunatic asylum. The truth is that he was throughout Germany and which gains in driven insane by torture, and the woman did strength with every day. not have money to feed her children, and also Lovingly, your sister, went insane,

PRESENT FOOD PRODUCTION ~ AND INCREASED PRODUCTION An Economy of Scarcity NECESSARY TO PROVIDE LIBERAL DIET FOR US. POPULATION. Ts PRODUCTION DIVISION of the A.A.A. has calculated that 335,661,000 acres eS LS < ‘would be required to produce enough food to WWE NE provide everyone in the United States with a RRS 5 ‘mum diet necessary to health, worked out by Dr. WR Hazel Stiebling of the Bureau of Home Economics. This: chart shows the number of acres harvested jin 1934, contrasted with the additional area which should have been cultivated if we had an economy ‘of abundance instead of an economy of scarcity. ha cy v4 Arak ‘The insanity of the policy of destroying crops while people starve is conclusively proved by this factual chart. The A.A.A. reduced com production last year by 10,000,000 acres; since then corn has been im- ported. This country has never produced enough milk for our needs, yet milk production was cur- tailed by the A.A.A. Wheat acreage was reduced by 15 percent in 1934 resulting in an excess of imports over exports of 16,000 bushels. Neither the farmer nor the consumer has benefited. The A.A.A. “surplus” of foodstuffs, cattle, hogs, etc hhas become an acute shortage, aggravated by the drought and dust storms, even more destructive than the A.A.A. policies, Even the AAA. ex perts have become alarmed, warning us that prices fof meat and other foods will skyrocket soon. —From Pacts For Farmers.

Hitler; he doesn't conduct an open warfare ‘against them, but neither does his system per- Writers Against Fascism ‘mit them to come into contact with any fresh sources of life among the Italian people. In By MALCOLM COWLEY the new generation, in the ranks of the “bold, Associate Editor of The New Republic confident Fascist youth,” there have appeared no writers of force or distinction. The old each. Revised version of a speech given at the or whether we restrict the term narrowly to writers go on in the old way, becoming opening session of the American Writers’ books, art, music, science and our ability to year a little dryer and shriller, like crickets Congress. surviving after a frost. In Italy since 1925 no appreciate them. In either case culture is novels have been written, no poems sung, no threatened, but in both cases there is consid- pictures painted that deserve a place in the erable difference of opinion as to the exact history of literature or art. nature of the forces that are attacking it ‘The point about the Soviet Union is simply Some critics believe that the capitalists that more books are printed there, in bigger themselves are the principal enemies of capital- editions, and are read more eagerly than any- ist culture. Others, on the contrary, say that where else in the world. In our country, if the real threat lies in the masses, the dark and a young poet is lucky enough to get published unlettered masses, who have begun to meddle at all, he receives a first edition of five or six in matters that ought to be left to their cul- hundred copies. In the Soviet Union five tural and economic superiors. Still other critics thousand copies are a minimum, even for a labor-saving inventions. Year by year our civ- say that the Bolsheviks are to blame—the poet. Here if a novel sells fifty thousand copies Bolsheviks are striding into the libraries with it is likely to lead the best-seller lists. ‘The bomb and torch, the Bolsheviks are tearing ‘most successful American novels of the last from the shelves the collected works of Tolstoy, three decades ended by selling about a million ‘Shakespeare and Eddie Guest, the Bolsheviks copies apiece, in the course of years. But in are stamping on culture with their Russian the Soviet Union one novel was recently pub- boots, and the capitalists are doing their level ished in a first edition of five million. There best to defend it—if necessary by throwing are more copies of books by many American tear-gas bombs from the library steps. writers—Dos Passos and Dreiser among others in the Moscow public libraries than there Fascist versus Soviet Culture are in the New York public libraries. As for the classics, I have heard that even Shake- I cannot help burlesquing this great argu- speare is now more widely read in Russia than ment which has been raging in at least three continents. Why is it such a dificult task to in England. determine just which classes in our present society are threatening culture and which American Writers—on Which Side? classes are trying to keep it alive? In two ‘The idea of progress survives and grows great European countries the capitalists have stronger in the Soviet Union at a moment established a dictatorship so absolute that they when it is disappearing from the rest of the can—theoretically—do anything they please. world. It is the normél thing to expect better In a still greater country the masses have es- things each year, a higher standard of living, tablished a proletarian dictatorship. It should a higher literary standard, a wider diffusion be a fairly simple matter to decide how cul- of taste and knowledge. But, unlike the Amer- ture flourishes under the two systems jeans of the year 1900, the Russians do not During the years from 1926 till 1992 Ger- believe that progress is automatic. They know many enjoyed a literary renaissance. There that it can be achieved only when people uni were more good books—and more bad books, ‘and work hard for it, under a system no longer ‘The Threat of Decay too—being written in Germany than in any ruled by chance and the hazards of the stock An English novelist named John Collier has other part of the western world. At the end market. written a book about his own country as it of January, 1983, the renaissance ended over- And what about our own country? American will be in a hundred years. It will be popu- night. Adolf Hitler proved himself to be a lit- literature today is roughly in the position that lated, he says, by little tribes clustering for erary critic of astounding diserimination, He German literature held in 1926. In spite of protection around an Old Man and fighting divided the good authors from the bad authors, the publishing crisis we are now at the begin- each other with weapons salvaged from the the goats from the sheep. He sent nearly all ning, I hope, of a fertile period when new ruins of factories. It will be considerably less the good authors into exile—not merely those writers of talent will be appearing every year. civilized, he implies, than were the British Isles ‘who were good politieally, but those who were ‘The best of the older writers are being recog- in the year 2000 B.C. And there is, moreover, good artistically, the poets with a gift’ for nized and translated all over the world. At a degree of plausibility in what he says, Auto- picturesque images, the essayists with a clear the same time, we are threatened by a disaster matic decay is a silly notion, but man-made style, the novelists who knew something about like that which has already overwhelmed our decay is entirely possible. Unless we fight cer- the world and could tell an interesting story. colleagues in Italy and Germany—and, less im- tain powerful tendencies that now exist, unless ‘The bad authors, the muggy, sentimental mediately, by a world War that might over- we prevent them from being carried to thelr authors, were allowed to stay in Germany as whelm American and European civilization, logical conclusion, it is likely that our whole cultural omaments of the Third Reich. If civilization will he destroyed, leaving those few you read any intelligent German books today, If our culture survives it will be only by virtue of us who survive back where our forefathers you can be pretty sure that they were written of a fight in which the writers and the artists will were at the dawn of the Middle Ages. in France, Switzerland, Austria or Czecho- take part like everybody else. They shouldn't have

‘Most people who try to follow what is hap slovakia, Almost the only good book that has any trouble in choosing sides, with all the evidence pening in the world today are agreed that the reached us from Germany since Hitler is at hand. Today itis the capitalists who are destroy- culture built up in Burope and America during Fatherland, by Karl Billinger, an underground ing the so-called capitalist culture. The only way the last thousand years is showing symptoms Communist organizer. It was smuggled out of to defend it is to take it out of their hands and of decline and disintegration. This is true no ‘the country in manuscript, chapter by chapter. to spread the best of it as widely as possible among matter what may be our definition of culture ‘The point about Ttaly is the eomplete dead- those who have shown themselves best qualified to —whether we regard it as the whole sum of ness of Italian culture under Fascism. Mus- kkeep it alive—that is, among the broad masses of the work, wealth and happiness of mankind, solini doesn’t hate writers and artists, like the people.

COAL BLACK GALLUP

By PHILIP STEVENSON O ‘THE FOURTH of April in Gallup, dren (one 2% years old) were jammed into New Mexico, there was supposed to two small cells. ‘The press raised the Red be a public hearing of a case against scare. a working-class leader named Novarro. A In 1933, in the face of armed terror by local, group of sympathizers, coal miners with their state, and federal forces, Gallup miners had wives and children, gathered together outside won by strike a victory for unionization. In the office of Justice of the Peace Bickel, pro- 1984 they had successfully resisted attempts testing their exclusion by knocking on the door to eut FELR.A. wages, and won battles for and window. When the door was opened they more relief. In 1985 their militant opposition made no attempt to enter by force. The had crushed a vicious criminal syndicalism bill sheriff and his deputies in charge of the pris- backed by the mine bosses. Novarro's hearing coner concealed from the crowd that the public was on the charge of breaking into a house to hearing had been postponed until the sixth, replace the furniture of an evicted miner. The and began sneaking their prisoner out the house was owned by State Senator Vogel (con- Robert Minor After the Kidnapivig ack door. The crowd at the window saw the vieted in 1984 of protecting the Gallup prosti- maneuver; their suspicions and fears for No- tution racket). The Gallup workers were an Fascist tactics were used in Gallup during varro’s safety increased. example of militant determination, and thus the 1998 strike; since April 4, 1985, Fascism The four officers found another group of deadly enemies of the ineredibly corrupt politi- has grown. At the present writing the protesting workers in the alley. What hap- cal ring dominated by the Gallup American sheriff's office is trumping up “incriminating” pened next is not yet clear, but shots rang Coal Company, a subsidiary of the Kennecott evidence against the accused, making a new out Ignacia Velarde, New ° Mexican Copper Company, backed by Rockefeller banks. series of raids and arrests, and triumphantly worker, was instantly killed. Sheriff Car- So, by whatever means necessary, the Gallup finding such “riot weapons” as a hunting michael fell dead. Another worker, Salomon ‘workers’ organizations must be smashed! knife, a twenty-two calibre rifle (Carmichael Esquibel, shot in the back, died eight days was killed by a large-calibre bullet, probably Inter. Two deputies and four more workers An Obvious Frame-Up ‘a 45), and... a mimeograph machine! ‘were wounded. Novarro escaped. The defense Against Militants These are Hitler frame-up methods. The claims that Carmichael was killed in the eross- No one was held on any charge for the death Gallup case, unless exposed, may become one fire of his own deputies. The prosecution of two workers, but officials admit that for the of the hugest frame-ups in history. The local claims that he was shot by the worker who death of Sheriff Carmichael over 600 were press smoke-sereens the facts by shrieking that was then killed by a deputy. rounded up in the terror; the number is prob- “radicals” are “blackening” the fair name of By noon a reign of terror hard to match ably nearer 1,000, or 15 percent of the total Gallup—as if such a thing were possible. ‘The outside of Germany was in full swing against population of Gallup. And 48 people, 86 men Faseist record of Gallup is as black as the Gallup workers. Hundreds of vigilantes, some and 12 women, were charged with first degree coal from its mines. It can only be cleansed drunk and many of them young boys, were ‘murder, under an old territorial statute which by mass defense resulting in the unconditional handed guns and told to “get the damn Reds” permits the indietment of all members of a release of the defendants. especially those workers who had been prom- “mob” present at a “riot” resulting in the inent in strikes, in struggles for relief, and death of a peace officer. The prosecution does ‘against evictions from houses they had built not claim that any of the defendants actually themselves on company land. Formalities like killed Carmichael. These 48 defendants were Robert Minor was selected to head a na- warrants for search or arrest were dispensed hand-picked for their activity in workers’ or- tional defense committee, and went to Gal- with, Workers’ wives were ridden into the ganizations, rather than because of their pres- up to expose the frame-up. With David Lev- country and threatened by armed drunks ence at the scene of Carmichael’s death. In- ingon he was examining Julia Bartol, wife of workers’ children were snatched out of schoo! deed, several “positively identified” as present one of the defendants, in her automobile in and questioned at the points ‘of guns as to ‘at the shooting were later proved to have been the plaza near the swank hotel, El Navajo. whether their parents were “Communists” or working all day in the mines! About 10:80 P.M. three cars stopped alongside. “attended meetings”; bratally Defended by LL.D. attorneys David Levi Well-dressed men wearing Ku Klux hoods and beaten, their homes wrecked in raids, their son (active in the Reichstag Fire defense) and armed with revolvers opened the door of the union cards stolen, the pitifully small treas- Clarence Lynch, aided by A. L. Wirin of the auto, dragged Minor and Levinson out, beat uries of unemployed organizations filched from A.C.L.U, and Wheaton Augur, a Santa Fé at- them, told them to shut up when they shouted them, In jail, sixteen women and four chil- torney, the 48 had their preliminary hearing for help. ‘The plaza is in the center of town. in Santa Fé before District Judge M. A. Otero, ‘There were people nearby, who ignored their Je. No gun had been found on any worker, appeal for aid. Minor and Levinson strug- dead or alive, no proof established that the gled, were beaten to insensibility, and thrown crowd constituted a “riotous assemblage,” no into separate cars, which speeded out of town connection had been shown between any de- in the direction of the American Coal Com- fendant and Carmichael’s death, no conspiracy pany’s mines. or concerted action by the crowd either to kill No one on the street or at the hotel re- the sheriff or to free the prisoner. Yet ten sponded to Julia Bartol’s frantic appeal for men who were “identified” as being present help. Neither did the sherif’s office. ‘They were held for trial on first degree murder- expressed doubt as to whether there had been. four without bond, six on $7,500 each. And any kidnaping, and so did the state authorities four others (on $500 bond), for aiding a pris- later. Investigation was delayed. oner to escape, Whenever Minor or Levinson recovered con- Meanwhile federal immigration authorities sciousness they were again beaten. Finally in collusion with the prosecution are crippling they were dufaped out, their heads covered the defense by arresting for deportation dozens with hoods, on the Arizona desert in a Navajo of workers, among them many defense wit- Indian reservation. They stumbled along, fall- Rachlin Protests to Secretary of Labor Per- ing in the mud with exhaustion, until dawn, A Jobless Gallup Miner kins remain unanswered. (Continued on page 11) 7

Marines landing at Shanghai “to protect American lives Pack train. of American marines in Haiti, bled’ white ‘and property.” Whose property is indicated Demand the, withdrawal ‘by American imperialism. ‘by the Standard Oil sign, ‘of all American soldiers from foreign lands. A MARINE GOES RED

By JOSEPH SIGMUND (This story was told to me by one who has Nicaragua hardened me for some of the morning four to eight watch on the wharf, been in the Marines. AU incidents mentioned things I was to experience in China, Never I spotted a sampan approaching, manned by actually occurred.) before had we heard such emotional and lo- lone coolie. ‘The boat rode slowly under the ‘quent addresses on the humanitarianism of the ship's stern. I motioned for the coolie to leave | ENLISTED in the Marine Corps in 1924, Marine Corps, and never before had we been and poked at him with my bayonet, I couldn't Like many men in my outfit I had been given as gruesome a task to fulfill, Marine reach him and he refused to go. unable to get a job in civilian life. My patrols slid canoes through the jungle morass, My orders in such a case were “shoot to father and mother were farmers just like their killing natives at sight. They resisted heroi- Kill” I raised my rifle and aimed at him. He parents had been. Good old pioneer stock, cally, fighting to protect their homes and fam- bared his chest and shouted apparent scorn heavily in debt. In the city once in a while ilies. Many marines were killed in these battles at me. I would have killed him but I had been I could get an odd job. Nothing permanent, fought among prolific tropical maze, and a still sso sleepy when I turned out that I had for- And of course the amazing tales of adven- greater number contracted fever and died. On gotten my ammunition. ture, heroism, sports, and education told by their bodies lime was thrown and they rotted ater I learned that many eoolies go along- recruiting officers made a fellow feel like the in the slimy swamps. ‘The marines burned side ships to salvage food refuse that pours est thing in the world must be the U. S villages and slew the valiant resisters. More out of the scuppers! Also I observed that Marine Corps. than once I thought of the Recruiting Officer baring their thin yellow chests is characteristic ‘One morning, after missing out at a few who had told me of teaching school in Haiti. of Chinese workers in the face of certain death employment exchanges, I ambled aimlessly T wondered if we were to kill off half the or clubbing. around town, day dreaming about what I could population of Nicaragua, and tutor the remain- ‘We were barracked in Shanghai for a month. do if I landed something steady. While taking der in American ethies. Searcely ever did twenty-four hours pass with- a drink of water at a street fountain I felt On our return to the States we were assigned out our having been called out for an “emer- ‘a pressure on my arm. to mail guard duty. A few months later, on gency.” Headquarters would be notified that “What do you say, husky?” I looked up and February 2, 1927, came: the call to mobilize a “riot” had broken out on a certain street. saw a Recruiting Sergeant. He smiled and marines in Chins On April 17 we embarked ‘Though there might not be an American for said, “Come over here and I'l tell you about on a large passenger liner, the “President blocks around we were “protecting American a life that'll interest you.” lives and property.” A few happy days later I pulled into San Grant,” chartered from the Dollar Steamship Diego. The next three months were spent in Company. Highteen hundred men, twenty We would rush angrily to the scene. We trucks, tanks, machine guns, field artillery, sup- blamed the “damn Chinks” for keeping us so quarantine and disillusionment. The food was plies for one year. Eighteen days passed and busy and distuxbing what free time we had ‘mostly beans and bread and only one helping. Upon leaving quarantine we were put we arrived in Olongapo, Philippine Islands. As a rule, when we arrived we would find a through some tough training. In the barracks In the Islands we built roads, cutting street jammed with people from wall to wall. arguments broke out as the men became dis- through the jungle, soaked every day as On the walls anti-imperialist slogans had been contented. Fights took place. Many men de- mighty blasts of warm rain tumbled down on inseribed, serted. About one-fourth of the recruits it. Then the sun, like an idiot drawing water Sikh, Italian, French, English, American, beeame “good” marines from a well and throwing it back, would sop White Russian, and Chinese police, soldiers, it up in huge steam clouds. Tropical diseases sailors, marines, would plunge into the mass took their toll in sick and dead marines, just of workers and students. Clubs, bayonets, Bringing Civilization to Nicaragua as they had in Nicaragua, and sabers hacked a path, We struck indis- Eventually a bunch of us were assigned to criminately at everyone that was Chinese and the U.S.S. Pennsylvania. In 1925 we steamed Protecting American “Rights” in China didn’t wear a uniform. ‘across the Pacific on a “Good Will” cruise. . In situations like this I saw hundreds of On later trips to China and Nicaragua we fal- ‘A month later we sailed for Shanghai. We workers rip open their shirts and shout their filled our true purpose as killers and sluggers. were told that “The worst may be expected.” hatred in the faces of all the murderous as- Of course, I didn’t look at it that way then Tt was late at night when we tied up along- saulters. Blood would run, many would be and neither did my buddies, side the Standard Oil Dock. I stood the arrested or beaten senseless, but the next day

8

‘we would be dashing madly through another from the town to root out “bandits.” Plenty tion came to me of all the implications involved mass of living defiance. of sickness resulted from these expeditions. in being a “good” marine. My folks on the We would be out for two or three weeks. The farm were worse off than ever. The Wall Fighting Chinese “Bandits” winds of the Gobi Desert would blow particles Street erash came, An ex-marine found that of decaying bodies against us. ‘The dead Cl there were no jobs to be had. So I became We left Shanghai and sailed up the Coast nese were buried by erecting a mound over ‘one of 15,000,000 jobless, unwanted men, an to Taku Bar. We piled into lighters and these them. The poorer they were the lower the American “cool were pulled by tow boats up the Hai Ho River. ‘mound. Consequently it did not take long for Like a somnambulist who awakens to be told ‘The country was flat like a floor. We landed a decomposing that he has murdered someone, I came to and at Hsinho, a village of about fifteen hundred. the brisk breeze to uncover Chinese. understood the oppression I had assisted in ‘Two months of suffering were spent here. ‘The Chief of Police in Tientsin was an foreing upon the struggling poor in colonial ‘The continual rains Kept us drenched, Some American, a former Boston detective. One day lands. of the officers stayed in the home of Hsinho’s five hundred workers were executed at his A few weeks ago I was slugged, handcuffed, and over tes and police while leading sev- Standard Oil Superintendent. The rest rented ‘order. Another time six were executed in front beaten by vigil well-constructed and spacious homes. In con- of the ¥. M.C. A. Heads were hung on the In- eral hundred unemployed workers in a demonstra- trast, we were at the merey of the stormy ternational Bridge. Every few days they were tion. I was knocked unconscious twice, and be- weather. ‘The poles of our tents sank in the replaced by fresh ones. tween times thousands of bared, yellow chests water-loosened dirt. The tents came flapping ‘A wealthy Chinese merchant contracted to flashed before me, Chinese “‘coolies” hurling de- and whipping down on us. ‘The officers amused buy all the leavings on our plates. He hired fiance at the “foreign devil dogs.” I felt a deep nship with these yellow men. I knew for the first themselves with the White Russian and bour- coolies to recook and remold it. We were as- ‘gois Chinese women. One day a notice ap- tonished to see this sloppy garbage turned time the meaning of internationalism. That's why peared on the bulletin board announcing that into large round cakes, which were sold to the Tam a revolutionary worker, determined never to in the future enlisted men would not be per- ongshoremen. Jhe again against colonial people but against and in defense of my broth~ mitted to associate with the Russian women ‘Through Tientsin runs Taku Road, the main ‘American imperalism ‘as some of them were Bolshevik spies stem. On either side are clean, colorful crs and comrades in Nicaragua, Cuba, the Philip: Most of us became afflicted with dysentery buildings, the front of the town. This is pines and China. or various fevers. Two large tents served as the part of the city seen by the tourists, ‘the hospital. Many marines breathed their and we were ordered not to go below it. last in those gloomy, cold tents, and were em- However, the order was ignored, and we balmed and thrown into boxes for shipment to found that the Tientsin where the masses lived the States. ‘was much different from Taku Road. During When we left camp and departed on oil the winter nights rickshaw drivers sometimes barges for Tientsin, a short distance up the froze to death while huddled in their vehicles. iver, it was at midnight. Coolies had to do ‘Twelve-year-old girls, kidnapped from Korea nearly all of the work. Most of us were too and mute with fear, were legally raped in the weak to carry our rifles. I had lost forty houses of prostitution. Dressed in rags, living pounds and now weighed only one hundred and in dilapidated huts, infrequently sure of thei twenty, and had a fever of one hundred and food, the workers were treated inhumanly. two. Gradually it dawned on me why the U. S. In Tientsin we were quartered in an aban- ‘Maxine Corps fights to protect investments of doned Prince's palace. There were five hundred ‘American financiers in foreign lands. But it Marines in action—against_the people of us. Regularly we were sent out in patrols was not until I returned home that a reali ‘of one of the colonies of Wall Street.

No-Profit Legislation Means Conscription By WALTER WILSON ‘Author of “Forced Labor in the United States.” N © HONBST opponent of War and Fas- and other millions would be sent into indus- cism—Iaborite, liberal, churchman or | tries as. forced laborers, denied the right to paeifist—can give support to a draft organize or to strike, and be paid wages no law in whatever dress it may masquerade. On higher than those of the soldiers, possibly as no other issue than conseription ean so much little as $1 a day. real, effective anti-War sentiment be mobilized Every preparedness advocate in the country among the masses of this country. The com- from William Randolph Hearst to Franklin ‘mon people have no hankering to be cannon Delano Roosevelt knows that the people of fodder, and will oppose efforts to impress them the United States are overwhelmingly opposed. into Wars against their will if the issues are to a draft act. They know that to get such clearly understood by them. And none but the a law it is necessary to confuse the issue. draft law can give so much aid and comfort It is an old trick of politicians to tie up an to the War-mongers. Once the draft law is ‘unpopular measure with a popular one, and enacted the militarists will sit back and lick by emphasizing the popular features and soft their chops; the last and most important cox pedaling the despised features push the whole in the War machine will then be in place, and through and make it law. ‘The great majority the whole machine ready to hum, of the people are admittedly against War and ‘That is why they are trying to incorporate War profiteering; therefore the militarists use a conseription plan in all of the proposed laws: the strategy of emphasizing the “War profits” before Congress to “take the profits out of angle of their proposed legislation, when in War.” Under the War Department's draft reality they are concerned with the conserip- plan millions of workers and farmers would tion and forced labor aspects. be conseripted against their will into the army, A Good Soldier. Drawing by Dan Rico. ‘The MeSwain Bill which has just passed the 9

leaders were in a great sweat. House of Representatives was ballyhooed as draft resisters were from sections of the city Administration a bill to “take profits out of War,” when in that had already furnished more than their ‘Newton D. Baker, Hugh 8. Johnson and Gen- reality it was as vicious as any War plan ever share of volunteers to the Union armies. The eral Enoch Crowder had already illegally and introduced in an American legislative body. resistance was based on the claim (most likely secretly spent millions, before a cont had been Fortunately insurgent Congressmen were able true) that the draft Jaw was unconstitutional, appropriated, setting up a machinery to ad- to expose the Dill and kill the features of it and that it put a much heavier load on the minister the draft which they expected Con- which would have set the President up as a poor than it did the rich. It was not an attack gress tamely to rubber-stamp. But it was not complete dictator during War time or in peri- on the government nor was it anti-War. In ‘until President Wilson personally button holed Congressmen and begged them “to stand by eds when War was “imminent.” The draft the end the resisters won the concession from provision of this bill was also eliminated the city of having a municipal fund to pay the President” that the Jaw was pushed Congress, however, has not yet adjourned, and for the exemptions of deserving members of through. Even then the subterfuge had to be ‘we must expect the militarists to fight to force the poorer classes. Promises were also made resorted to of having Congressman Kahn, a through a draft law during this session, that the constitutionality of the draft would Republican, sponsor the bill. The final vote be speedily tested. On two different occasions was: Senate, 65 for and 8 against; House, 199 Conscription Opposed to Best American during the Civil War was the draft declared for and 178 against! Over half of all who ‘Traditions unconstitutional by the Pennsylvania State registered claimed exemption from the draft. ‘The draft is out of harmony with American ‘Supreme Court. But the Federal government Over a quarter of a million successfully traditions. Up until the present Congress no refused to allow the matter to go before the evaded it; almost as many tried to evade it one has ever dared propose a draft law in caught. Armed resistance appeared United States Supreme Court for review. and were peace time. During the American Revolution ‘Two or three Southern States also declared {in several spots in the Southern mountains. anyone foolish enough to have proposed con- the Confederate draft law unconstitutional. Many of those drafted in 1917 and 1918 seription would have been deported. All told, in 1864 slightly over 200,000 new ‘came back home saying that “the next time ‘The first time the idea of a draft was pro- Union soldiers were sent into the field, of they have a War, they'll have to come and get posed in public in America was in 1812. whom only 50,000 were drafted men and the me.” Some of the War Veteran organizations, Although the proposal never had any real rest were volunteers. And, of course, up to ‘came out against conscription. In 1924 Bob La- strength behind it, it was enough to horrify the middle of 1868 there were no drafted men. follette got 4,822,000 votes for President on a and enrage the masses. Daniel Webster and ‘The Civil War was fought and won by volun- platform which included plans for a referen many others denounced the idea. Webster de- teers and not by conscripts. dum on declaring War and against conscrip- elared that those who were craven enough to tion. Large sections of the labor movement submit to such an autocratic measure did not Opposition to 1917 Draft Law are also on record as opposing the draft. But deserve to be free. Senator James Reed of Missouri, speaking perhaps the most conclusive proof that the The third year of the Civil War saw the against the draft bill hefore Congress in 1917, people are against the draft can be seen in the first Federal draft law in the United States said: “The streets of Missouri cities will run (the South had enacted it one year before). It action of the House in killing the draft section red with blood before the people will submit to of the McSwain Bill. Who can doubt that proved to be an extremely unpopular act, and such a law.” Senator Champ Clark called the these Congressmen have been hearing from in the long run hindered rather than promoted draft a “convict law,” and also predicted their constituents? No organization hoping to the successes of the Union arms. The early resistance to it, Many others spoke in like mass support in a fight against War and part of the War saw the Union armies flooded with more volunteers than could be enrolled vein. The House Military Affairs Committee Fascism can afford to neglect to make the fight and equipped. But in time many of the com- actually recorded an adverse vote on the draft. , against the draft a part of its work. ‘mon people became disillusioned with the vicious abuses permitted to flouish—War profiteering, corruption, favoritism, waste and display among the newly rich and the so- cially élite, lack of pay for soldiers, the great rise in prices and the same old $13 a month for private soldiers, the privation of the sol- diers’ families, harsh punishments and man other grievances, Instead of trying to correct the great i equalities of the War, the government then resorted to the draft as the cure-all. The masses were opposed to the whole idea of con- A scene ina scription. More especially were they bitterly ‘schoolroom dur- ‘opposed to certain discriminatory provisions ing the last War. of the Civil War draft act. The thing that In the next war, no civilian, man, rankled most was the clause permitting War ‘woman or child, profiteers and wealthy conscripts to evade mil- will be safe from itary service by paying $800 in exemption the torturous ‘money. It is estimated that $26,000,000 was death inflicted by paid to the government by those evading. serv- poison gas drop- fce. Among these were most of the founders ped from the of the great present-day fortunes in America, akeios. including J. P. Morgan, Philip Armour, Jim Fisk, and John-D. Rockefeller. ‘The common people immediately raised a ery which proved to be a serious blow to the morale of the Union armies and the cause: “A rich man's war ‘and a poor man's fight.” Violent draft riots broke out in New York City, in some of the upstate counties and in several states along the Atlantic seaboard. ‘The most serious of these occurred in. New York City where over 1,000 persons, most of them workers or members of their families,

were killed by policemen and soldiers. ‘The Lithograph by G. Zigler. 10

We Must Unite and Fight ' By FAITH AYERS A speech to the Conference of the Women's as instruments of moral preparation for War. International League for Peace and Freedom, Tt means abridgement of civil liberties, it Washington, D. C., May 3, 1935. Miss Ayers ‘means promotion of economic nationalism and is a student at Teachers College, Columbia subsequent War. Thus to the degree that we University. fight Fascism, we fight the fundamental cause of modern War.

Fascism is a Death Grip on Progress Why does this challenge us? Our lives are at stake; the lives of those

we cherish are at stake; the institutions of American democracy which we claim as our heritage are rendered impotent by the inroads of Fascism—their very existence is threatened. We recognize that if a War comes, all of Chiang Kai Shek: to Military Attaches of Western Powers: “Please observe the our hopes, all of our aspirations for peace and effectiveness of the mew American bomb- freedom, all of the educational advance made ing planes. and poison gas. Civilization for centuries—all of the chances to build a demands the. extermination of these better world will be completely blasted. ‘The Red bandits.” forces of reaction will fasten a death grip on NAZIS DEFEND HAUPTMANN prog Let us defy this avalanche of Fascism; let The greater part of a recent number of us defy this ogre of War. Let us say, We will “Der Sturmer,” official Nazi organ, is devoted not support imperialist War. We will not be- to the defense of Richard Hauptmann, mur- come cannon fodder for industrial profits. We derer of the Lindbergh baby. Streicher’s newspaper prints the translation of an article will not kill our brothers—our fellow workers in other lands, which appeared in an American Fascist rag, “The Fascist,” asserting that the Lindbergh baby was the victim of a ritual murder. This Martyrdom is Not Enough article bases its assertion on the circumstance But individual defiance of War, individual that the baby was kidnaped on March 1st, and martyrdom for peace is not enough. To rot the Jewish Purim festival took place on in a concentration eamp in result of our pro- March 22nd! The editor of “Der Sturmer,” test for peace, has no allurement for us. We Fritz Brand, adds an article of his own in de- would live for our fellow men. We must fense of Hauptmann, and states that the Ger- UNITE on every front against War and Fas- man Bruno Richard Hauptmann has been cism. Only in mass organization is there sentenced to death on the motion of the Jew power—power to match and to conquer the David T. Wilentz, who acted as public pros- combined forces for War. ecutor at the Flemington trial. This makes We may not agree on specific economic ‘the whole matter as clear as day, and the theories, or particular political philosophies, murderer Hauptmann appears as the Nordic but in view of the situation challenging us, in salt of humanity persecuted by the Jews. view of the unity of the forces supporting Fascism and War, in view of the present at- THE DEBTS OF THE THIRD REICH tack on human liberty, freedom of speech, the Under the régime of Shacht, steering a menace to human civilization in the imminence course toward bankruptey, the debts of Ger- of war, we must UNITE, many are running into astronomical figures We are challenged to create a united front By March 31, 1985, the floating debt of the students, professional workers, rural, indus- Reich had increased to 2,116,700,000 marks, as trial workers, to struggle together, shoulder to compared with 2,098,800,000 on February 28, shoulder, resolute, implacable—a united mass 1985. To this must be added treasury notes which shall liberate power that cannot be de- for security guarantees, etc, which increased nied, demanding that human justice shall pre- from 355,900,000 to 870,100,000, Taxation vail; in such unity we shall triumph in our credit certificates are in circulation to the demand: NO MORE WAR. amount of 1,179,600,000 marks.

as they were strong enough. With newspaper nation-wide publicity and militant protest can Coal Black Gallup ‘men present they established clearly just what prevent a repetition of such terroristic acts (Continued from page 7) had happened. Both local and state author- as the kidnaping of Minor and Levinson, the resting in abandoned Navajo hogans. About ities were apathetic, attempting to discredit deportation of defense witnesses, and the rail- noon next day they came to the hut of Benny. their statements, refusing proper protection to roading of the defendants to the electric chair. ‘Tohe, Navajo Indian, who gave them food and Minor, Levinson and others on the defense Write or telegraph Governor Tingley of New drove them in his truck to the hospital at committee. Mexico and your Congressman or Senator to- ‘Tohatehi. Deputized gunmen continue to patrol Gallup day; demand protection for members of the de- Offcials refusing to act, Minor and Levinson streets, terrorizing workers and arresting de- fense committee and a cessation of the Gallup themselves back-tracked with Tohe over the fense witnesses, boasting that they are going terror. Defend the civil rights of Gallup ‘ground thed had covered that night, as soon to “run all the Reds out of Gallup.” Only workers! 11

he founded a masonic order calling itself “the perfectibilists.” ‘The second “Communist” FATHER COUGHLIN Coughlin mentions is Cagliostro, an Italian alchemist and forger, who lived during the same period, and who attempted to establish SHOWS HIS FACE a masonic order in London. The third “Com- munist” is Martinez of Portugal, a Spanish By HAROLD PATCH he proposed that “The Department of Labor Catholie, who founded a mystical cabbalistic shall not only protect labor but shall counsel order similar in form to masonry, which influ- Pee and guide it in its negotiations with capital.” enced such men as “Goethe, Herder and the ae ‘The workers of San Francisco, Arkansas, Im- Duke of Gotha,” apparently all “Communists” Deer perial Valley, Toledo, and of dozens of other to Father Coughlin. The last “Communist” he eens. places have had excellent samples of the mentions is Adrien DuPont. Apparently he ao “counsel and guidance” of the Department of referred to Adrien ‘Du Port, who had the au- oe GE nseseg Labor which Father Coughlin recommends as dacity to advocate the Communist (!) prin- the “substitute for strikes.” ciple of trial by jury. a ane “I know the pulse of the people,” says Perhaps the most flagrant disregard of truth eee Father Coughlin. “I know it better than all of which Coughlin has been guilty is in his so your newspaper men. I know it better than speech of December 28, when he advocated oS all your industrialists. I. . . accept the chal- American intervention in Mexico. Coughlin re- necessity of a “just and living wage,” fulmi Tenge to organize these men and women of. all peats old atrocity stories and invents new ones, ae ce classes. To consolidate for action, if you will.” pandering to the worst passions and prejudices, oo This is a bold bid for Fascist leadership. as his friend Hearst does, to build circulation. ee One of the cardinal principles which Hitler Deseribing the educational system of Mexico, ion put forth in his autobiography “Mein Kampf” Coughlin states: “Blush not, for in your mind’s defense of the “right to private property,” seems to have struck a responsive chord in eye you will see little children stripped naked oa the heart of the radio priest, namely: “If you little children of both sexes, not only taught ae eee repeat a lie often enough, it will be believes to examine themselves, but taught, by public oe: Here are some choice samples: In order to performance in the classroom how t6 commit ee establish that remarkable theory of the unholy copulation with each other. I could hardly ere trinity, first espoused by Hitler, that Commu- blame you for stopping up yours ears when I Se le nists, International Bankers, and Jews are tell you, upon my word of honor, that in these oe allied in a common plot to ruin the world, revoltuionary schools, supported today by the ee Coughlin said in his address of December 30, Mexican government, sexual perversion is Se ee 1984, that “the breeding place” of Communism openly practiced and encouraged.” ee was to be found not in cellars, but in “the One is reminded of how the Nazis eireulated ee marble halls of the banker.” He cited as an forced pictures of Jews practicing perversions oo. example, Adam Weishaupt, “founder of Com- in order to arouse the poison of anti-Semitism! Se es munistie philosophy,” who lived in the eight- Father Coughlin's vicious influence must be es eenth century, and who was never. remotely fought by intensified efforts to expose him before ee iene connected with anything even vaguely resem- the masses for what he is—a liar, and an exponent oe erie bling Communism, but was an ex-Jesuit and of Fascism for the United States—a menace which ao professor of Canon Law at Ingolstadt where daity becomes more ominous

ITALIANS IN SOMALILAND METHODISTS AGAINST WAR AN URGENT APPEAL TO FIGHT Natives have been discovered here who have ‘The Social Service Commission of the New READERS: been carrying on anti-Fascist propaganda York East Annual Conference, composed of Send us today the names of at least ten friends among the whites. You may imagine the rage 300 Methodist ministers, adopted the following who mighe subscribe to our azine; we will send of the offiéers. ‘The whites are punished declaration on May 10: the n free sample copies. Better sill, send us $5 severely, but the blacks are beaten with whips "The church must be in active opposition to for ten subscriptions. ill they fall to the ground streaming with War and stand for total a 1d universal disarma- blood, their bodies covered with wounds. For ment. We favor organized resistance to War ‘The American League Against War and some weeks the soldiers have had no leave of and preparations for W: ‘We urge workers Fascism maintains a research bureax, A bul- absence, as it is feared they might fraternize and professional men to unite in an effort to letin, FACTS AND FIGURES, is issuod with the civilian population. stop the manufacture and twice. a month to seven hundred newspapers From a letter written by an Italian and individuals. It is available, free, to pub- soldier in Bast Africa. lications and to writers and speakers. We want facts for this bulletin; send in clippings from newspapers and magazines, reports and other material regarding War and Fascivm, the suppression of civil liberties, eto. We want letters from FIGHTors. Give us the benefit of your ideas and criticisms of the magazine. How ean it be improved? Also re- port to us all local developments in connection with War preparations, and the trend toward Fascism. We want to build an army of FIGHTors, loyal opponents of War and Fas ciom, enthusiastic builders of FIGHT circula-

tion, ivilling to fight War now so that they wilt 1 not have to fight for profits later—detormined Not visitors from Mars, but puppets of the British War machine, prepared for the to defeat Fasciom now before they lose all aerial gas attack expected in the next War, equipped to burrow into the ground. their hard-won lborties, 2

~ 7 Revolt and Terror in the Philippines By SAMUEL WEINMAN HE Roosevelt-Murphy-Quezon Adminis: industries have also displayed a growing mili- the islands -and to suppress all future opposi T tzsionin the Plies has apres taney. There have another revolt, with sixty killed, hundreds been dozens of strikes of tion—if possible. But the heroic struggle for ‘wounded, cigar makers, longshoremen, seamen, tax driv- freedom of the Filipinos will not be easily 500 jailed. Fascist tacties are used ers, candy makers, embroiders, lumbermen and crushed. Those opposed to War and Fascism to prevent the Filipinos from achieving. their others. In the strike of 11,000 cigar makers should extend their sympathy and their aid to ambition for immediate independence. last August, the police attacked and killed the people of that colony of American Im- Senate President Quezon has admitted that three workers and wounded nineteen. Many perialism, the basic cause of the clash was the “economic were imprisoned. distress” of millions of toiling peasants. and Ever since the beginning of the strike-wave workers. The tenant farmers, share-croppers the agents of American imperialism in the and owners of small farms are suffering from islands have been conducting a Hearst-like intolerable burdens of rent, interest and taxa- campaign against the right to organize and tion. Tens of thousands face the threat of strike. “The mailed fist” is openly advocated eviction from their lands and homes, foreclo- against all “Reds and troublemakers.” The sure and bankruptey. It is against the big semi-Fascist regime of Murphy and Quezon is landlords, the loan-sharks, the tax collectors, depriving the people of civil rights. The Com- and American imperialism that the Filipinos ‘munist Party has been driven underground, are fighting desperately, ‘Steps have been taken toward outlawing trade In Laguna Province the Tunasan Estates unions, and all opposition groups like the Sak- ordered the eviction of fifteen tenants on dalistas. Meetings are prohibited for those March 27 for failure to pay rent. Over 800 ‘opposed to Wall Street's policies. neighboring tenants gathered to prevent the Benigno Ramos, head of the Sakdal Party, eviction, and raised the demand that rent be hhas been in Japan since last September. He reduced, that there be a moratorium on rents opposed the May 8 uprising because “the since 1988, and abolition of the 50 percent American government in the islands is so annual interest added to back rents. The Tu- strong that revolt against it is virtual suicide.” nasan landlords concentrated a great force Other Sakdal leaders condemned the heroic of constabulary to carry out the evictions, Yo struggles of the Filipinos and advocated erush the peasants’ resistance. One peasant “peaceful reform.” It is charged that the was killed and several wounded, But the Sakdal Party is a pawn of Japanese imperial- ions were stopped. ism, and there seems to be evidenee to support Such events have taken place throughout the this view. At least it is obvious that the re- Philippines. In Tarlac Province the tenants volt broke out despite the Sakdalista chiefs, were successful in stopping evictions. Large ‘The Roosevelt Administration has passed a areas are in the hands of revolutionary peas- bill foreing military advisers upon the Philip- ant committees, where landlords and tax col- pines. General Douglas MacArthur, chief of lectors dare not approach. Red flags flying staff of the U. S. Army, is being groomed over the fields in Tarlac are a harbinger of for the post of American High Commissioner what is to come. to succeed Murphy. It is to be expected that In the sugar plantations thousands of work- the Administration will take further steps to Benigno Ramos, chief ers have gone on strike. Workers in the urban establish a stronger military dictatorship over Philippine of Islands, the Sakdal party, ET RT TO PRO-NAZI VOTE IN FACTORY NAZI EXECUTIONS CONTINUE but leaks through the strict censorship. COUNCILS DECLINES During the past few weeks, a number of ‘The imprisonment of 500 German clergy- ‘The pro-Nazi majority in German elections anti-Nazi leaders in Germany have been ex- men has been followed by warnings from has grown smaller successively, as shown by ecuted. The Former Reichstag members Max ‘Nazi leaders that “this is only a beginning.” official Nazi figures. In the recent factory Maddalena, Reinhold, Jurgensen, Robert One thousand priests and pastors are now in council elections the decline was striking. In ‘Stamm and Rembte were beheaded after tor- Nazi jails. Berlin and Upper Silesia the anti-Nazi vote ture. Other executions include the Commu- The Manchester Guardian reports that a was especially heavy, the Essen National nist functionaries George Handke, Ludwig Nazi committee which is working on the revi- Zeitung admits. In many large Berlin fac- Einecke and Helene Glatzer; two young trade sion of army laws has recommended the death tories the vote approving Hitler’s candidates unionists, Seibt and Rappach; the Social penalty for pacifism. was only 50 to 60 per cent of the total. In Democratic leader Werst; and Fritz Huse- Official German figures just issued show the Ore Mountains and the Hinderburg Dis- mann, former secretary of the Miners Fed- that in the year ending June 80, 1934, 212 trict of Upper Silesia the Fascists got only eration now outlawed. In Dresden an S. A. were beheaded for opposition to Hitler; 40 percent of the total cast. In the Ruhr, P. functionary, Lorenz; in Saxony, the Com- 280,308 were sentenced by Nazi courts; one votes for Nazis fell as low as 15 percent in munist Schulz, and the Social Demoerat of every 208 Germans was imprisoned in one several mines and shops. Elections in a Fas- Broede, were all martyred in jail—ealled year. These statistics do not include those cist state are not free but very strictly con- suicide by the Nazis, murdered or tortured by Nazis who were trolled and hence such a decline in the pro- ‘The severity of punishment for “treason” never tried in a court, of whom there were Nazi vote shows greatly increased opposition to Hitler is increasing and there is no abate- thousands. These figures do not include those to Hitler. ment in the Nazi terror. Eight years at Killed in the June “blood purge,” nor 184 This fact and the apathy of the German hard labor is not an uncommon sentence for “shot while attempting to eseape,” nor in- ‘masses to Hitler's patriotic appeals on May ‘those caught with anti-Naziliterature, Among numerable “suicides” in concentration camps. Day is regarded as evidence of growing dis- those receiving such sentences recently are In addition, there were admittedly 49,000 sent illusionment. The New York Times describes the trade unionist Behrs, Behrend, Rolke, to concentration camps who were not tried ‘the mood of the people on May Day as “cold Silz and Barth. This information is not in the courts. Furthermore, 12,863 were steril- ‘as the weather”—and there was a blizzard. usually given in news cabled from Germany ized to “purify the Aryan race.” 13 Paul Reid and Clara Bodian Join Our Forces A Message and an Appeal from the National Chairman of the American League Against War and Fascism 1 HE NATIONAL BUREAU of the Amer- Bodian, a veteran in the labor movement. For against it. Keep in constant communication jean League Against War and Fascism the past three years she has been Secretary of with us. Sond us accounts of what is hap- announces the appointment of Paul Reid the United Couneil of Working Class Women. pening in your community. Without your aid as Executive Secretary; in addition Clara ‘She worked in a factory for twelve years, ‘we are handiespped in the great battle which taken over the duties of Adminis- and was an active AF. of L. trade unionist is now being waged and must be waged against Bodian has War and Fascism. tration Secretary. Ida Dailes, who has served during this time, helping in the leadership of the League in this capacity since its founda- two strikes. As a result she was blacklisted Dr. Harry F. Ward. tion, has resigned to do other work in the fight and could not get a job. She was given a National Chairman. against War and Fascism. We wish to express scholarship by the Women’s Trade Union ‘our deep gratitude to Ida Dailes for the League, and prepared for further work in the splendid work she has done, and to wish her labor movement. For a year she worked in an American Youth Against every success in her future endeavors. ALF.of L. office. She was sent as a delegate Fascism and War I am sure all readers of FIGHT and all to the International Women’s Congress Against ‘The Second American Youth Congress will League members will weleome our new staff War and Fascism held in Paris last year, and convene in Detroit on July 4, 5, 6, and 7. In workers, and give them their heartiest sup- is a member of the World Committee. Since ‘one year the Youth Congress has grown from port and cooperation. With these new additions the Second Congress of the League in Chicago ‘coast to coast. Regional Congresses have been to our staff we hope to maintain more constant lara Bodian has been a member of the Na- held in fourteen states and a score of cities. and more effective contacts with our local tional Bureau of the Women’s Section of the ‘The Youth Congress has been active in cam- organizations throughout the country. ‘This we League. paigns for social insurance, in co-sponsorship ean do if you will do your part, both for ‘Again I appeal to every FIGHT reader to of the students’ strike on April 12, in which FIGHT and for the League, by sending in fre- ‘give cooperation to Paul Reid and Clara 184,950 took part, and in opposing the military and complete reports of your activities. Bodian and to our entire National Office in quent training of youth in schools and C.C.C. camps. Our forces are still far too weak for the tre- our work, the importance of which grows It has fought for academic freedom, the de- mendous task confronting us in the rapidly daily more urgent. Constant vigilance, unceas- fense of civil liberties, against the use of the culminating crisis. Every one of you must help ing effort, are necessary. National Guard to smash strikes, and against to extend our influence by distributing our ‘As long as Congress is in session keep send- other Fascist trends, vitally affecting the printed matter, by penetrating into unaffiliated ing protests from every possible source against youth of America. All youth organizations are effective na~ proposed gag legislation! Expose anid fight organizations, and by building an against the enactment of local and state laws urged to send delegates. tional united front against the menace of War depriving the people of their civil rights. and Fascism. Demonstrate against all local Fascist develop- Paul Reid, the new Executive Secretary, has ments, Show the meaning of the Administra- taken an active interest in the labor movement ever sinee he went out on strike at the age tion’s War preparations and arouse sentiment of sixteen, as a worker in a wall paper mil He has worked in automobile factories, at building and road construction, and for a rail- CARMEN — 1935 oad company. He is a Hoosier by birth, and Spanish Pascim's Dance of Death attended De Pauw University in Indiana where Courteny Der Simpl he actively opposed the R.O.T.C. After serving for two years as assistant pastor of the First Friends’ Church in Indianapolis, he went to Union Theological Seminary in New York. He studied for a year at the London School of ‘Economies under Professors R. H. Tawney and Harold Laski, He then visited the Soviet Union before returning to the United States. For the past two years he has worked with Harry F. Ward and Reinhold Niebuhr at Union Seminary. He has aided in the strug- gles of the unemployed for more relief and for social insurance. As an active member of the ‘New York City Committeo of the American League Against War and Fascism he has led demonstrations of protest before the Spanish and German Consulates, and he spoke to a large protest meeting before the offices of J. P. Morgan and Company, War profiteers. Paul Reid came to the conclusion that his life work is in neither the school nor the church, but in a mass organization, fighting militantly against the immediate danger of War and Fascism, He will devote himself to the tasks of the League—arousing the American Uf YZ people to the imminence of these twin menaces, q@ and mobilizing the greatest possible number in a united front struggle to defeat the forces of reaction which would plunge us into slaugh- ter under a Fascist dictatorship. Paul Reid will be ably assisted by Clara 14

Can You Really Answer— On the Labor Front 1, Do Communists believe in “force and violence”? By WILLIAM P. MANGOLD 2. What solution does Communism offer the middle lass? a regular feature of P. 8. eee Soa Does Communism aetna mean strikes? revolution? ee Ghe New» REPUBLIC WHAT IS Published weekly 40 East 497H St., N.Y. C. eat COMMUNISM 13 weeks’ introductory subscription $1.

A Series of Brilliant Articles By EARL BROWDER Two Pamphlets Which You Need: GENERAL SEC’Y, COMMUNIST PARTY, U. 8. A. Began in the May 7 NEW MASSES. In popular uestion-and-answer form Earl Browder answers NATIONAL DEFENSE—FOR WHOM? authoritatively the above questions and the many more increasingly asked everywhere today. With by HAROLD WARD forceful clarity he analyzes the real position of the middle class—teachers, doctors, merchants, business ‘men, ete. First time in America, it is indispensable to every intelligent person. — Thirty-two Pages. WHY FASCISM LEADS TO WAR Editorials, Drawings, Reviews. Stories, Articles, by JOHN STRACHEY 81 Raut 28th St. New ork, N. ¥. NEW Five Cents Each—Reduced Rates in Lots tion" enclose for 1b) $1, Weeks’ for which begiauing enter my with subeerin May 7 MASSES Namen = America’s Only AMERICAN LEAGUE AGAINST WAR & FASCISM ‘Street Adaress. Revolutionary Weekly 112 East 19th Street Room 605 New York, N. Y. City ond State. 10 Cents

Delegation to Washington Playwrights Attention’ A large delegation from the New York City ‘The American League Against War and Fas ‘ism and the New Theatre League will shordly Committee of the League visited the White * announce a contest for the best new anticWar or House and Congress on April 29 to present a antiFascist plays. Cash prizes will be given and petition asking Congressmen to vote against publication and production throughout the country pending gag legislation. ‘The delegation in- is assured the winning plays. Rules and details cluded Osmond K. Fraenkel, noted constitu- will be sent upon request. Watch for announce: tional lawyer, Professors Karl Llewellyn and ment in July issue. Walter Gellhorn of Columbia University, the Rev. Cameron Hall, James Waterman Wise, Pauline Rogers, and fifty-three representatives LABOR UNDER HITLER, published by the of trade unions, fraternal and professional or- Research Department of the Chest for Lib- ganizations. They told members of Congress eration of Workers of Europe, 3 West 16th that the proposed legislation would violate the Joy in Wall Street Street, New York.....-.+cc+sees+ees+05e fundamental rights of the American people, By Charles A. Lindbergh, This pamphlet gives extremely valuable ‘and would constitute a decisive step in the facts and figures regarding the status of labor direction of Fascism. T HIS is the war stock soaring high under a Fascist dictatorship. It paints a tragic ‘That brings all the joy to Wall Street picture of the oppression of workers in Ger- This is the gambler, wild of eye, ‘many, the depression of their living standards, ‘We Want More Letters Like This Who shares with his broker, brisk and spry, the abolition of trade unions, and of eivil lib- T THE Dow Chemical Co. in Midland, The profit in war stocks, soaring high, erties. It is written from the viewpoint of a Mich., where I work, you can see War preparations going on. In one new ‘That brings all the joy to Wall Street. conservative trade unionist. building they are making cellulose, used in So this is the list of what they buy: gun cotton, Phenol is being shipped to Japan, An orphaned infant's feeble ery, China and Germany. There are other prod- A widowed woman's sob and sigh, nets of this factory used in War, such as tetra- A field of graves where the dead may lie, Who Advocates Violence? chloride, sulphurchloride, etc During the T have never seen a drive against “Red World War the plant was increased about five A shambles where thousands daily die, all my 15 years of fighting for civil liberties times, and covers an area one mile square. A billion shells that in hattle fly. that was not actually a drive against organ- Plans for further expansion have been an Gladness glows in the gambler’s eyc, ized labor... The record shows that in 15 nounced, Nearly 300 products are manufac- As he shares with his broker, brisk and spry, years not a single radical has been convieted tured, most of them necessary in War-time. It ‘The profits in war stock, soaring high, for an act of violence, but scores have been is equipped to make poison gas and explo- imprisoned for radical opinions or membership sives. We are now working on a new poison ‘That bring all the joy to Wall Street. {in organizations which the courts hold advocate gas. do their best to keep the folence. ‘The record also shows that those who workers from joining a trade union. We are Quoted and put in Congressional Record defend the existing economic. system not only, hoping to get a branch of the American by the late Congressman Charles A. Lindbergh, ‘advocate but practice violence without fear of League started here. Sr. For his opposition to the World War he Punishment A FIGHTer. was threatened with tar and feathers, Roger Baldwin. 15 BOOKS $100 FOR THE IN CASH For Fighting Against War and Fascism FIGHT AGAINST WAR AND FIGHT FASCISM opens a SUBSCRIPTION CONTEST Extra Special for Readers of “Fight” Starting: MAY 22nd Ending: SEPTEMBER 10th WAR, PEACE AND THE Goal: 5000 New Subscribers SOVIET UNION By G. GORHAM 20 PRIZES 20 PRIZES now $1.00 20 PRIZES ‘A document in the fight for peace. First Prize $40: Third Prize ... $10 Fifth Prize .... $3 Second Prize .. $25 Fourth Prize ... $5 Next 15Prizes$1ea. also PLUS: $20 BONUS Fascism and Social Revolution R. Palme Dutt to first individual or branch turning in Pusclam, “ncomparably sre Strache est book on 1000 subscriptions . George Dimitrox Stella D. Blagoyeva...... all subs are to be sent to contest judges, A pouiea bogsaphy ofthe Bele . Hitler Over E FIGHT Emst Henri ‘An historia AGAINST WAR AND FASCISM roach to Faselam! 112 East 19th Street New York City, N. Y. . Jews Without Money Michael Gold .. cess enet, With a apecial introduction by the

. Militarism & Fascism in Japan LE ‘Tanin and Yohan.. With an. introduction by Ka Do You Know That JOIN Medex on roternational Pasdiam. THE RANKS OF ‘The Coming Struggle for Power © BIRTH CONTROL, he t laws. are responsible for impairing the health of thousands of FIGHTers Fatherland Karl Billinger. . Against War and Fascism ‘With a foreword by TA AR BON peeee . Plotting America’s Pogroms Mo 'o X 1D John L. Spiv reached Tiled But proportions has already a= JOIN Anti-Somitiem In the United Sister An oceupational I Change Worlds disease? The American League Against Anna Louise Strong...... -net SOCIALIZED War and Fascism World history ax told through the MEDICINE is. the only means by which $1 a Year ‘The Nature of Capitalist Crisis literally millions of John Strachey .. veomet workers can benefit by Including a Subscription to ‘A Marxist analysis of the present the advancement of Goins and the way” ot medical research’ FIGHT Order from Read HEALTH and HYGIENE WORKERS BOOKSHOP 0 East 18th Street New York City We were unable to Al April latue, Now the MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY Join Our told out. Make sure of securing your copy of CIRCULATING LIBRARIES TODAY. On sale May 25—15 cents per copy AMERICAN LEAGUE 50 Bast 18th St. New York City GAINST WAR AND FASCISM 699 Prospect Avenue Bronx, N. Y. 112 East 19th Street, 369 Sutter Avenue Brooklyn, N. Y eALTH and HYGIENE, New York City. 25 Chauncey Street Brooklyn, N. Y- New 50 Kast York, 1sth X. Street, X. Enclosed find §— ~~ for: 1D Membership: $1.00 ( One year’s subscription to FIGHT: 50c 1be a week or Se a day on any book Write to Name Name NEW YORK WORKERS BOOKSHOP Adare. Address____ For free book lists and the “Guide to Cit. Readings in Working-Class Literature.”