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Spacevehicle(Missile)Powersupplies an Annotated Bibliography

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Spacevehicle(Missile)Powersupplies an Annotated Bibliography 30 November 1967 RSIC-743 SPACEVEHICLE(MISSILE)POWERSUPPLIES AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY MildredBenton Contract DAAHOI-67-C-1636(Z) The GeorgeWashingtonUmvers_ty Washington,DoC. THIS DOCUMENTHAS BEEN APPROVEDFOR PUBLIC, RELEASE AND SALE; ITS DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED ResearchBranch RedstoneScientific Information Center ResearchandDevelopmentDirectorate U. S. ArmyMissile Command RedstoneArsenal, Alabama 35809 ABSTRAC T This annotated bibliography contains 700 citations from open literature on power supplies. It is oriented toward batteries, fuel cells, thermionics, thermoelectrics, nuclear energy sources, and other new concepts of direct energy conversion which may be adaptable to space vehicles. ii FOREWORD This bibliography, comprising 700 entries, is the result of a selection of references from indexes, and from an examination of non-classified literature published, chiefly, during the period 1959-July 1967. A few earlier articles are included because of their historical value in considering the development of a body of literature on the subject of power supplies for space vehicles. As became apparent during the search for material, non-government, open literature (e. g. non-securlty classified) publications relating to power supplies for missiles, as such_ are rather scarce. In addition, therefore, to those articles and books which do mention missiles, specifically, references have been included which appear to contain information applicable to missiles, as well as to other types of space vehicles. The material selected, as is indicated by the titles and annotations, is concerned with storage batteries, solar cells, fuel cells of various types, nuclear energy, power convertors and inverters, and electronic power supplies, in general. A few references are included which relate to power supplies, chiefly in the form of nuclear energy conversion devices suitable for unattended operation. Arrangement is alphabetical, by author, with annonymous articles interspersed in their appropriate place, alphabetically, by title entry. A KWIC index, emphasizing the key word in context, facilitates access to the subjects included. Indexing and abstracting services found useful in the preparation of this bibliography included Direct Energy Conversion Abstracts (formerly Thermoelectri- city Abstracts), International Aerospace Abstracts, and Nuclear Science Abstracts. The periodicals, books, reports and proceedings of conferences referred to should be available from libraries maintaining scientific and technical collections such as the libraries of the American Institute of Aeronautics, libraries of Department of Defense activities, the Library of Congress and the larger public libraries. Since the cut-off date for collecting material for this report, 99 papers were presented on Advances in Energy Conversion Engineering at the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, held at Miami _each, Florida, August 11-17, 1967. This conference, led by ASME, presented workshop sessions on: Thermionics, Thermoelectrics, Photovoltaics, Electrochemical Devices, Hydrogen- Oxygen Fuel Cell, Magnetohydrodynamics, and Electrogasdynamics, Nuclear Energy Sources, 0-i0 Kw Manned Space Power Applications, 10-50 Kw Space Nuclear Power Applications, Manned Space Power - 50 Kw to Multimegawatts, Unconventional Terrestrial Power, Thermodynamics and New Concepts, and other topics. iii l_,_ :L_L'k_SK NOT FILMED. CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ........................................................... III BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................... PERMUTED SUBJECT INDEX ............................................. 184 AUTHOR INDEX ....................................................... 209 v SPACE VEHICLE POWER SUPPLIES AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY l. Abrahams,n, L. T. SILVER-ZINC BATTERIES AS SOURCE-PRIMARY ELECTRIC POWER FOR PILOT-LESS AIRCRAFT. Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, 76 (Pt. 2):293-300, Sept. 1957. General system description and circuit simplification of silver- zinc batteries. Adamson, R. E. L. WASHINGTON FORESEES MAJOR ROLE FOR NUCLEAR SPACE POWER. Nucleonics 19:54-57, illus., Apr. 1961. Nuclear propulsion and auxiliary power are regarded as both inevit- able and essential in the exploration and exploitation of space. Some projects are mentioned which lend support to the future pos- sibilities of nuclear-auxiliary power. 3, Agruss, B., Hietbrink, E. H. and Henderson, R. E. REGENERATIVE FUEL CELLS FOR ENERGY STORAGE. l__n_nPower Sources Conference. Proceedings, 15th, 1961, p. 38-43, figs., Red Bank, N.J., PSC Publications Commit_tee, 1961. The study indicates basic problems which must be overcome before iving serious consideration to the fuel cell as a workhorse space lectrical storage system. Improvement must be achieved in electro- chemical characteristics, reduction of polarization losses, pro- viding low resistance reversible cells, and in simplifying the storage system. Allen, J. M. POWER PLANTS FOR OUTER SPACE. Battelle Technical Review, 10:3-8, illus., Feb. 1961. It is indicated that weight factors impose stringent limitations upon energy conversion systems in space vehicles. Systems available or being developed, and their potentialities, are discussed. Energy sources referred to include chemical, atomic, and solar. Altman, M., Chang H. and Ross, D. P. THE PREDICTION OF TRANSIENT HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE OF THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES. Paper presented at National Heat Transfer Conference, 6th Boston, Mass., Aug. 11-14, 1963. Chemical Engineering Progress, Symposium Series, 61(57):289-297, 1965. i Study of one aspect of heat of fusion energy storage, the analytical prediction of heat transfer performance. Solar-powered electrical generators depend on some form of energy storage for operation in the dark portion of their duty cycle. Energy can be stored either electrically, as in batteries, or as heat energy, as latent heat of fusion. Thermal energy storage is of importance for two main reasons: it minimizes thermal cycling, and in the case of orbiting space vehicles, savings in weight can occur when thermal energy storage is used, rather than batteries. Angelino, G. LIQUID-PHASE COMPRESSION GAS TURBINE FOR SPACE POWER APPLICATIONS. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 4:188-194, Feb. 1967. A thermodynamic cycle particularly suited for solar power systems is analyzed. It uses hexafluorobenzene as the working fluid. With respect to the general configuration, the cycle is comparable to a highly regenerative Brayton cycle with the exception that a con- densation process is present and the compression is performed in the liquid phase. Cycle efficiency and radiator area are computed for the whole probable field of application, and the influence of component efficiencies on over-all performance is investigated. Be- cause of the limited thermal stability of the working fluid, the cy- cle maximum temperature is below the current space power practice. Notwithstanding this limitation, the cycle characteristics are com- parable with those of current space practice and are often superior when compared on an equal maximum-temperature base. Atypical efficiency achievable with a maximum temperature of 800°K and a radiator temperature of 80°C is 35%. This compares favorably with the performance of binary Rankine cycles having similar minimum temperature and radiator area. e Angrist, S. W. DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION. Boston, Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1965, 431p. The history and future of direct energy conversion are examined, and the principles of energy conversion are set forth, including a unified theory of energy converters. A brief introduction to the solid state is given, with particular emphasis on semiconductors. Other topics covered include thermoelectric generators, photovol- talc generators, thermionic generators, MHD power generators, and fuel cells. Other modes of direct energy conversion are also surveyed. Archer, D. H. and others. WESTINGHOUSE SOLID-ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL. In Fuel Cell Systems, p. 332-342, Washington, D. C. American Chemical Society, 1965. The design and construction of solid-electrolyte fuel cell batteries are discussed. Arifov, U. A., Akramov, Kh. T., Dzhalilov, B. N., Kulagin, A. I. and Makov, No V. SOLNECHNYI TERMOGENERATOR S TSlLINDRICHESKIM GELIOPRIEMNIKOM (SOLAR THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR WITH CYCLINDRICAL SOLAR-ENERGY RECEIVER). Geliotekhnika, No. 3, p. 3-6, 1967. In Russian. Description of a solar thermoelectric generator with an aluminum solar-energy receiver in the form of a 20-face prism with a cylin- drical cavity. The generator employed 360 Bi2Te3-Bi2Se 3 and Bi 2 Te3-Sb2Te 3 alloys as the p- and n- type materials and water-cooled "cold" junctions. Its output power is 35 watts. It is shown that a solar-energy receiver of this type is capable of producing an isothermal surface on the "hot" Junctions of the generator. I0. Armour, W. G., Klein, E. A. and Lenhart, D. D. ELECTRONIC PACKAGING IN THE PHOENIX MISSILE. IEEE Transactions on Parts, Materials and Packaging, PMP-I: s-237 to s-247, June 1965. Description of the concepts and techniques used in the electronic packaging of the Phoenix missile electronics unit. The unit con- sists of etched circuit chassis pairs sandwiched between heat- transfer panels. The sandwiches of heat-transfer panels and chassis are compressed by end plates, and circuits such as logic networks, audio amplifiers, and high-gain dc amplifiers are packaged in unique, welded, plug-in modules; such circuits as i.f. amplifiers and crystal-controlled
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