Presented by Hillsboro Parks & Recreation Welcome to the Hillsboro Arbor Day 2021 Magazine!

By Alex Richardson, Special Events Coordinator, Hillsboro Parks & Recreation (Magazine Editor) “One acre of forest absorbs Hillsboro Parks & Recreation is releasing this special six tons of carbon dioxide and publication in April 2021 to honor Arbor Day, equip readers with information about trees in Hillsboro puts out four tons of oxygen. This parks and natural areas, and how you can do your part to keep Hillsboro green and vibrant. is enough to meet the annual Trees are a critical part of our ecosystem. They needs of 18 people.” provide oxygen, improve air quality, support – U.S. Department of Agriculture wildlife, conserve water and preserve soil, and ameliorate the effects of climate change in numerous ways. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, “One acre of forest absorbs six tons of carbon dioxide and puts out four tons of oxygen. This is enough to meet the annual needs of 18 people.” We invite you to spend some time with us and learn more about the majestic perennials in our community. What is Arbor Day? Arbor Day was first observed in 1872 and continues on today, supported and encouraged by the Arbor Day Foundation, a nonprofit organization dedicated to planting trees. National Arbor Day is celebrated annually across the US on the last Friday in April, although some states choose to celebrate Arbor Day when local conditions are more conducive to planting trees. The Arbor Day Foundation is also the body that began the Tree City USA program.

City of Hillsboro park by Carol Watts Photography

2 Shute Seeds “Shute Seeds at Shute [Park] Library is an artwork that took its inspiration from stories from the neighborhood. Latino settlers talked about coming to Hillsboro to work in agriculture and staying, inspiring the artist to make an image of many seeds coming together to grow roots and flower in Hillsboro. People at Celebrate Hillsboro, the library, and schools contributed ideas about what they love here. We want the art to strengthen the connection between people and this place.” — Valerie Otani, City of Hillsboro Public Art Program Supervisor from 2011-2019

3 Tree City USA By Alyssa McGhghy, Special Events Permit Coordinator and Tree City USA Manager, Hillsboro Parks & Recreation The Arbor Day Foundation • Expanded community understanding of the sponsors Tree City USA in value of trees: Participation in this program partnership with the U.S. provides the opportunity for the community to Forest Service and the come together to learn about the value of trees. National Association of The City of Hillsboro has been recognized as a Tree State Foresters. Since 1976, City USA by the Arbor Day Foundation since 2018. more than 3,400 cities This designation celebrates the City’s dedication to TREE CITY USS across the country have public tree care and promoting the positive effects made this commitment to support urban forestry. trees have on our neighborhoods, businesses, The benefits of being a Tree City USA include: environment, and wildlife. Hillsboro’s commitment to public tree care encourages cleaner air, energy • Reduced costs for energy, storm water savings, improved storm water management, and management, and erosion control: Trees yield increased commercial activity and property values. In three to five times their cost in overall benefits addition, Hillsboro’s 2020 Vision and Action Plan and to the city. 2035 Community Plan identify Tree City USA as an • Increased property values: Properly placed trees important sustainability action item. can increase property values from seven to 20 2020 marks the third year that the City of Hillsboro percent. Buildings in wooded areas rent more has received Tree City USA designation. The city quickly, and tenants stay longer. will reapply for 2021’s Tree City USA designation in • Stronger neighborhood and community ties: November. Trees and green spaces directly correlate to Learn more about Hillsboro’s Tree City USA program greater connections to neighbors. here: Hillsboro-Oregon.gov/Our-City/Hillsboro-Major- Projects/Tree-City-USA

City of Hillsboro park by Carol Watts Photography 4 Tree Care By Amy Meaut, Project Specialist, Water Conservation, Water Department Trees are an important part of every community and provide many benefits. Watering properly and efficiently is essential to the health and preservation of the beautiful trees growing in our city. As a general rule of thumb, for every one inch of trunk caliper (tree diameter), your tree needs five to 10 gallons of water; how often will depend on the maturity of the tree. In drought conditions, do not stop watering altogether. Young trees (one to three years) generally require about five to seven gallons per week for every one inch of trunk caliper. Mature trees (more than three years) require eight to 10 gallons about every two weeks for every one inch of trunk caliper. There are several different ways to water your trees: • Open the hose slightly with a timer on the spigot • Use a soaker hose around the canopy line of the tree • Water with a drip irrigation system • Use a five gallon bucket with small holes drilled into it • Use a small sprinkler on hose with timer on a spigot • Use tree bags When watering to encourage outward root growth, water deeply and at the edge of the canopy, rather than right next to the trunk. Benefits of Mulching Mulching reduces soil moisture loss, insulates soil which protects roots from extreme temperatures, and improves soil fertility as the mulch decomposes. By correctly using mulch, building a water basin around the tree trunk, and watering slowly in multiple cycles, your trees will thrive and you could save water and money. Slope and Soil Moisture When watering in steep slope areas, it is crucial to apply water slowly to prevent water from running off and to insure that water reaches the trees roots. If possible, check soil moisture using a probe to 16 to 18 inches in depth. When in Doubt, Call an Arborist Arborists are professionals trained in the art of science of planting and maintaining trees. They are trained to provide proper care. If you have any questions or concerns regarding the health and safety of your trees, contact a local arborist for recommendations.

© Carol Watts Photography City of Hillsboro park by Carol Watts Photography

6 Our Local Trees By Steve Heldt, Hillsboro Parks & Recreation Superintendent

The Hillsboro Parks & Recreation Department oversees acres of trees around the City both in parks and in approximately 220 undeveloped tracts of land. Parks Maintenance employees monitor tree health and respond to phone calls from concerned neighbors, putting a great amount of effort into keeping trees healthy and alive. Their goal is to only remove dead trees or trees that are deemed to be a safety hazard for park users or for the neighboring homes and yards that surround many of our properties. This winter, staff have planted approximately 115 trees to fifteen park sites. Species include several varieties of oaks, maples and dogwoods, Black Tupelos, and Crepe Myrtles. Planting a diversity of trees has many long-term benefits, including limiting the possibility of an insect infestation or disease, which could threaten large swaths of trees. The drier winters and warmer summers have stressed our cedars, Douglas Firs, and pines making them more susceptible to damage from insects. Cedar Bark Beetles, Douglas Fir Beetles, and Pine Borers have had a significant impact on some of our most common trees. As a result, we are now planting trees that were previously only seen in Southern Oregon and Northern California, including varieties of Redwoods. These hardy trees are better suited for dryer winters and warmer summers. While there isn’t much that can be done for the Cedar Bark Beetles or the Pine Borers at this time, there is an option for the Douglas Fir Beetle. The Parks Maintenance team has deployed MCH bubble caps City of Hillsboro park by Carol Watts Photography over the past several years. MCH is naturally produced by the Douglas Fir Beetles as an anti-aggregation pheromone to prevent insect overcrowding. MCH can Existing trees are continually monitored for safety be artificially synthesized and is packaged in slow- and removed when they reach a point where there release tabs that prevent the beetles from landing is a concern of potential failure. In this same time on individual trees in forested areas. This has helped frame, employees have planted approximately 150 protect many of the trees at sites such as Noble new trees. The new trees are not impacted by the Woods, Shute Park, and Orenco Woods Nature Park. fungus in the soil, and the additions also represent To be effective, these tabs need to be in place by the a greater variety of trees, including both deciduous end of March and will last through the season. and evergreen. This work will ensure the beauty and the safety of Shute Park for future generations in Over the past 10 – 15 years, we have lost many Hillsboro. Douglas Firs at Shute Park from a soil-borne fungus. 7 . . .

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Nature Rubbings Supplies: Paper Crayons Things from outside such as leaves, rocks, sticks, bark, pine cone pieces, etc. Instructions 1. Peel the paper off of a crayon 2. Place the nature item under a piece of paper 3. Use the side of a crayon of any color and rub across and ('J in circles around the item. A pint should appear on the paper. Hillsboro Parks & Recreation 4. Try using different colors. Have fun! CULTURAL ARTS

8 Trim Them Up, Trim Them Back Public Works Department Staff Did you know that property owners are responsible for trimming and caring for roadside trees and vegetation? Have you heard the best time to prune living branches is after leaves fall off and before they form in the spring? l 15 FEET Trimming roadside trees and 8 FEET MINIMUM MINIMUM vegetation helps community members see one another by l removing limbs and branches that SIDEWALK may block their line of sight. STREET OR ALLEY Visit Hillsboro-Oregon.gov/Vegetation to learn more about roadside tree and vegetation care responsibilities for property owners and contractors, including: REDUCE IMPROVE • Related Municipal Code sections CONTACT ROAD between usesrs’ • Permit requirements large ability to equipment see each • Planting standards, such as root and trees other barriers or approved species INCREASE CREATE AN Considering planting a street TRUCKS INVITING SPACE tree? and for all If planting in the public right-of-way - equipment road and the area between your property and access along sidewalk your street users the road - get the required Tree Care Permit. And remember, if removing a tree from the public right-of-way, MEET YOUR plan to meet Code requirements by HILLSBORO replanting. Find more information at Municipal Code Hillsboro-Oregon.gov/Vegetation. responsibilities 5 REASONS to Prune Along Roadways, Sidewalks, and Intersections

9 Washington County Courthouse Square Sequoias Source: OregonCommunityTrees.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/courthouse.pdf These Heritage Sequoia Trees were planted in 1880 as three-year-old seedlings at the entrance of the Washington County Courthouse by pioneer nurseryman John R. Porter. Porter and his family moved to Oregon from Ohio in 1847 and started a farm. Developing an interest in trees, he started a nursery on his farm. Gold fever swept the country in 1849, and people from all over the world rushed to the California goldfields. Porter was no exception, and like most, didn’t find his fortune. What he did find were magnificent trees in a Sequoia forest in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. On his return, his saddlebags weren’t filled with gold nuggets, but with cones from those Sequoias. After returning home to his nursery, he cultivated and planted the seeds from those cones. When he had Sequoia seedlings, he planted them at various sites, one of which was the Washington County Courthouse, where he planted eight seedlings. Five survive today. Find the trees at 1st Avenue & Main Street in Hillsboro.

Height: Approximately 150’ Circumference: 29.8’ (largest of specimens) Age: 140 years

Photo by Rick Dalrymple

10 11 Hillsboro’s Natural Resources ('J HJ,~!~?. By Laura Trunk, Restoration Biologist, Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve, Hillsboro JACKSON BOTTOM Parks & Recreation WETLANDS PRESERVE The City of Hillsboro protects and manages many natural areas where our beautiful native trees have a place to grow. Spread across the city, they include river and creek corridors, wetlands, and upland forests. Our natural areas are extremely important. They clean the air, filter the water, and benefit Hillsboro residents by giving us places to exercise and play, opportunities for social connection, and spaces to connect with nature. Large trees within our natural areas also provide homes for wildlife, where they can rest and hide from predators, find food, and raise their young.

Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve photos

Habitat Restoration Orenco Woods Nature Park To improve the health of our natural areas and the The heron rookery at Jackson Bottom Wetlands wildlife who depend on them, the City is actively Preserve is a great example of how trees help native restoring key areas around Hillsboro. These areas wildlife. A rookery is a nesting colony where herons include Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve, Orenco gather to build their nests and raise their young. At Woods Nature Park, Rood Bridge Park, and Noble Jackson Bottom, both great blue herons and great Woods Park. This large effort is a partnership with egrets make their nests high in the large Douglas-fir Clean Water Services, Metro, Tualatin Soil and trees. In 2019, these trees supported over 300 nesting Water Conservation District, Oregon Watershed herons and egrets, who successfully raised 166 Enhancement Board, and Waste Management. babies. Large trees also give homes to nesting bald As part of this program, the City removes invasive eagles, great horned owls, and migratory songbirds. species and noxious weeds and replaces them with native trees and shrubs. Over the last eight years, the City has planted 469,000 native plants in and around Hillsboro’s natural areas.

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Q~ ' ~ \._~ Tualatin Soil ~ Water CONSERVATION DISTRICT Conservation Is for everyone. ..OWEBCMYK 12 Restoration Progress: Native Trees and Shrubs Planted in Hillsboro Year Number Planted 2013 128,000 2014 42,000 2015 62,000 2016 32,000 2017 48,000 2018 52,000 2019 68,000 2020 37,000 Total 469,000

Orenco Woods Nature Park Volunteer Projects As part of Tree City USA, the City of Hillsboro will be holding an annual “Arbor Day Community Planting Event” each fall, when volunteers help us plant native trees. Every year, tree-friendly Hillsboro residents plant over 5,000 native trees and shrubs in natural areas across the city! Come join us in celebrating “TREES” by rolling up your sleeves and getting dirty at Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve. Watch for this and other tree-friendly events on the City of Hillsboro volunteer webpage. City of Hillsboro Volunteer Opportunities Hillsboro-Oregon.gov/Volunteer

Photos at right: Volunteers planting trees and shrubs at Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve 13 Bee City USA The City of Hillsboro is also a Bee City USA. “Bee Cities” help save native pollinators by increasing the population of native plants, giving bees safe places to nest, and reducing the use of pesticides. The reduction of pesticides (including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and rodenticides) is extremely important because extensive use of pesticides has been linked to the decline of important pollinator species, many of which fulfill essential functions in healthy ecosystems including controlling pests, pollinating flowering plants, and providing food for other wildlife. As part of the Bee City mission, Hillsboro has begun planting native flowering trees to give local bees an abundant source of food. At Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve, the City is planting 400 native western crabapple and chokecherry trees as part of “Project Pollinator”. This project is funded through a generous grant from the Tualatin Soil and Water Conservation District. Within five years, we hope to have an abundance of beautiful flowering trees that will attract a variety of native bees.

Photo by Ron Spendahl Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve photos 14 Spotlight Native Tree Oregon White Oak The Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) is a majestic, slow-growing tree native to Oregon. The Pacific Northwest has lost over 90 percent of the oak woodland and prairie habitats that originally existed in the mid-1800s. This loss is the result of many factors, including fire suppression and widespread urban development. Here in western Oregon, where conifers (like pines and firs) dominate most forests, oak woods and prairies provide valuable habitat for many rare and endangered plant and wildlife species. Oak trees and their surroundings are home to a range of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates—and even many plant species! White oak seeds, or acorns, provide food for wildlife. In turn, some animals like gray squirrels, jays, and acorn woodpeckers often become tree planters! These animals carry and hide acorns, and the acorns they forget may grow into new trees. To help reverse the decline of oak habitats, the City of Hillsboro is planting Oregon white oaks in key locations, such as Orenco Woods Nature Park and Jackson Bottom.

Planting a white oak in Orenco Woods Nature Park

A silhouetted White Oak at Francis Street Park by Kevin Zuercher 15 Hillsboro, a Bee City By Lori Prince, Outdoor Recreation Manager, Hillsboro Parks & Recreation

In June 2019, Hillsboro become a Bee City USA affiliate, joining more than a hundred other cities and campuses across the country united in improving their landscapes for pollinators. Thinking globally and acting locally, Bee City USA is an initiative of the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation that provides a framework for communities to come together to conserve native pollinators by providing them with a healthy habitat that is rich in a variety of native plants, provides nest sites, and is protected from pesticides. As a Bee City USA affiliate, Hillsboro has acknowledged that bees and other pollinators are a vital part of the ecosystem and has pledged to support and encourage healthy pollinator populations through the following efforts: • Education & Outreach: Hosting educational events, pollinator habitat plantings, and restoration efforts each year to showcase Hillsboro’s commitment to raising awareness of pollinator conservation and expanding pollinator health and habitat. • Publicity & Information: Installing and maintaining authorized Bee City USA street signs in prominent locations and maintaining a Hillsboro City website, which includes resources for the public. • Habitat Improvement: Developing and implementing a program to create or expand pollinator-friendly habitat on public and private land. • Pollinator-Friendly Pest Management: Creating and adopting an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Plan designed to prevent pest problems, reduce pesticide use, and expand the use of non-chemical pest management methods, as well as developing best practices, including banning the use of pesticides that have neonicotinoids which prove harmful to bees.

16 • Growing Partnerships: Reducing hazards and helping pollinators thrive by entering into an agreement with the Backyard Habitat Certification Program (BHCP), operated by the Portland Audubon Society and Columbia Land Trust. BHCP is a region-wide program providing incentives for community members who seek to restore native habitat to their yards, making their outdoor spaces welcoming for birds, butterflies, and other pollinators. Hillsboro entered into a formal agreement with dedicated funding to expand the BHCP in Hillsboro, and a lengthy waitlist of eager homeowners began receiving backyard habitat assessments starting in summer 2020. Find out more about Hillsboro’s Bee City USA program here: Hillsboro-Oregon.gov/Living-Here/ Sustainability/Bee-City-USA

Photos clockwise from top left: Hillsboro City Council and the Community Experts & Advocates Group celebrate the adoption of the Bee City USA affiliate resolution; A young volunteer prepares to plant a native camas bulb, such as Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve; Hillsboro’s first Bee City USA sign; The Hillsboro Youth Advisory Council gathers with community volunteers to plant native camas bulbs in a pollinator garden at Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve; The demonstration garden in front of the Jackson Bottom Nature Center was certified as a platinum habitat by the BHCP team in 2020 and will serve as a space to inspire Hillsboro residents to participate in the program; Volunteers with Friends of Trees plant natives at Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve; Community members enjoy Hillsboro’s annual Pollinator Palooza hosted at Jackson Bottom Wetlands Nature Center. 17 Forest Fire Prevention By Alyssa McGhghy, Special Events Permit Coordinator and Tree City USA Manager, Hillsboro Parks & Recreation The Pacific Northwest is a wondrous place, featuring snowcapped mountain ranges, the beautiful Pacific Coastline, a diverse array of wildlife, high desert areas, and a lush backdrop of trees. Oregon and Washington are home to various ecosystems and ecoregions including 17 National Forests, a National Scenic Area, a National Grassland, and two National Volcanic Monuments.1 These diverse landscapes provide residents with an improved quality of life and many recreational benefits throughout its cities, towns, and rural communities. Humans depend on forests for their livelihood – the air they breathe, the food and fresh water they consume, the timber they use, and the shelters they inhabit are provided by forests and forestlands. Also, flora and fauna are dependent on forests because they provide habitats for 80% of the world’s biodiversity including fish, plants, and animals.2

1 “Pacific Northwest Forest Areas,” U.S. Forest Service, accessed February 25, 2021,fs.usda.gov/detail/r6 / home/?cid=fsbdev2_026675. 2 “The Importance of Forests Cannot Be Underestimated,” World Wildlife Fund, accessed February 25, 2021, wwf.panda.org/discover/our_focus/forests_practice/importance_forests/. 3 “Facts + Statistics: Wildfires,” Insurance Information Institute, accessed February 25, 2021,iii.org/fact - statistic/facts-statistics-wildfires. 18 Human Impacts on Wildfires Wildfire season is year-round in many parts of the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Interior, about 90% of U.S. wildfires in 2019 were caused by people and most of these fires could have been prevented.3 A few examples of human-caused fires include unattended campfires, burning of yard debris, fireworks, and disposing of lit cigarettes. Preventable wildfires destroy wildlife, habitats, and property. Below, find links with further guidance on what you can do to help prevent forest fires at home.

• City of Hillsboro guidance on wood and debris • More on debris burning safety from the Oregon burning: Hillsboro-Oregon.gov/Departments/ Department of Forestry: Oregon.gov/ODF/Fire/ City-Manager-s-Office/Sustainability/Air-Quality Documents/Debris%20Burning%20Safety.pdf • City of Hillsboro Fire Department’s Outdoor • Learn how to properly start, maintain, and Burning and Recreational Fires: Hillsboro- extinguish a campfire on the Smokey Bear Oregon.gov/Our-City/Departments/Fire/ website: SmokeyBear.com/en/Prevention-How- Community-Risk-Reduction/Outdoor-Burning- tos/Campfire-Safety/How-to-Maintain-and- and-Recreational-Fires Extinguish-Your-Campfire • Learn how to properly use outdoor equipment • Learn how to prepare your home for a forest fire on the Smokey Bear website: SmokeyBear.com/ from the National Fire Protection Association: en/Prevention-How-Tos/Equipment-Use-and- NFPA.org/-/media/Files/Firewise/Fact-sheets/ Maintenance FirewiseHowToPrepareYourHomeForWildfires. pdf • Learn how to safely burn household and yard debris on the Oregon DEQ website: Oregon.gov/ • Spanish version: NFPA.org/-/media/Files/ deq/FilterDocs/OpenBurnEng.pdf Firewise/Fact-sheetsFirewiseHowToPrepareYour HomeForWildfiresSpanish.pdf • Spanish version: Oregon.gov/deq/FilterDocs/ OpenBurnSpanish.pdf

19 Wildfires and Climate Change What’s the connection?

Temperatures are rising Snow melts sooner Winter snowpack melts up Avarage annual temperatures to 4 weeks earlier than in the Western US have in previous decades. increased 1.9% since 1970.

Climate change is fueling wildres. Here’s how.

Fires are Forests are drier, getting worse longer Wildres are larger and Area burned by 2018 Claifornia Ecosystems are primed costlier than ever before, Camp Fire for wildres to ignite and their emissions are Chicago, IL and spread. worsening global warming.

You can help. You can help. Fighting climate change is the best strategy we have to reduce the risk of wildres. Until we take action, summers will continue getting hotter, forests will get drier, and more and more people will face the threat of wildres.

Take action today. www.ucsusa.org/take-action/climate-impacts

For more information, visit: 20 www.ucsusa.org/resources/infographic-wildfires-and-climate-change Climate Change Impacts on Wildfires Another key factor to the increase in wildfires is the changing of our climate. Climate change causes warmer temperatures which leads to drier forestland, creating flammable kindling that will burn more intensely. Meanwhile, shifting weather patterns such as unusual rain and snow patterns cause increased droughts. This leads to large amounts of dead trees making wildfires more likely. Since 2015, the United States has experienced, on average, roughly 100 more large wildfires every year than the year before.1 This number changes by year and region, however, 2020 was further proof that the Pacific Northwest is experiencing more wildfires and longer fire seasons. Pacific Northwest 2020 Forest Fire Statistics: • By December 18, 2020, there were about 57,000 • Thousands of Oregon residents evacuated their wildland fires compared with 50,477 in 2019.2 homes to escape the fires that burned more than 230,000 acres.5 • More than 10.3 million acres were burned in 2020, compared with 4.7 million acres in 2019.3 • Washington has had more acres burned in 2020 than in the past 12 fire seasons. The fires are • In October 2020, 65 large fires consumed over fueled by continuing dry conditions.6 2 million acres in California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington and five other states.4

The U.S. Forest Service is working hard to address these challenges, working with federal, tribal, state, and local partners on the prevention and management of forest fires. However, these agencies need our help in preventing forest fires and raising awareness on climate change and its effects on our forestlands. You can help keep Oregon green by following fire prevention guidelines, staying informed on fire restrictions (Oregon.gov/ odf/fire/Pages/Restrictions.aspx) and being good stewards to forestland.

1. “Infographic: Wildfires and Climate Change,” Union 4. “Facts + Statistics: Wildfires,” Insurance Information of Concerned Scientists, September 8, 2020, Institute, accessed February 25, 2021, UCSUSA.org/sites/default/files/2020-09/Wildfires- iii.org/Fact-Statistic/Facts-Statistics-Wildfires Global-Warming-United-States-Infographic.pdf 5. “Facts + Statistics: Wildfires,” Insurance Information 2. “Facts + Statistics: Wildfires,” Insurance Information Institute, accessed February 25, 2021, Institute, accessed February 25, 2021, iii.org/Fact-Statistic/Facts-Statistics-Wildfires iii.org/Fact-Statistic/Facts-Statistics-Wildfires 6. “Facts + Statistics: Wildfires,” Insurance Information 3. “Facts + Statistics: Wildfires,” Insurance Information Institute, accessed February 25, 2021, Institute, accessed February 25, 2021, iii.org/Fact-Statistic/Facts-Statistics-Wildfires iii.org/Fact-Statistic/Facts-Statistics-Wildfires

21 22 Stay Involved! In addition to the links shared throughout the document, here are a few more places to go to learn about caring for our environment, as well as some fun activities for youth and families. The Time for Trees, an Arbor Day Foundation SOLVE Oregon, which offers numerous volunteer initiative:TimeforTrees.org opportunities to pick up litter, conduct plantings, and more: SolveOregon.org Arbor Day Educational Resources:ArborDay.org / Celebrate/Educational-Resources.cfm Oregon Environmental Council, a nonpartisan, environmental stewardship nonprofit organization: Friends of Trees, which coordinates volunteer tree OEConline.org plantings in Hillsboro and throughout our region: FriendsofTrees.org OPAL, an environmental justice organization: OpalPDX.org

23 © Carol Watts Photography

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