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Journal of Bioresource Management

Volume 1 Issue 2 Article 3

A Checklist of of Prey of , and Adjacent Areas

Nadia Yousaf Bioresource Research Centre, Isalamabad

Madeeha Manzoor Bioresource Research Centre, Islamabad, [email protected]

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Recommended Citation Yousaf, N., & Manzoor, M. (2014). A Checklist of Birds of Prey of Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Adjacent Areas, Journal of Bioresource Management, 1 (2). DOI: 10.35691/JBM.4102.0008 ISSN: 2309-3854 online

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Bioresource Management by an authorized editor of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Checklist of Birds of Prey of Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Adjacent Areas

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This article is available in Journal of Bioresource Management: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/jbm/vol1/ iss2/3 Yousaf and Manzoor: A CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF PREY

J. Bioresource Manage. (2014) 1(2): 10-20.

A CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF PREY OF RAWALPINDI, ISLAMABAD AND ADJACENT AREAS

Nadia Yousaf and Madeeha Manzoor*

Bioresource Research Centre, 34-Bazar Road, G-6/4, Islamabad, Pakistan.

8Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Wildlife is declining worldwide due to loss of , pollution, introduction of exotic species, climatic changes etc. Birds of prey are believed to be rapidly declining in Pakistan though no reliable recent data is available and the available literature suggests its previous wide distribution throughout Pakistan. This current study was carried out in the Rawalpindi, Islamabad and some adjacent areas (latitude N 33o27.34-33o48.05 longitude E 72o59.34-73o27.30) to make a checklist of previously and newly existing prey birds as well as to study their behaviors and biology. Targeted areas were studied at different times of day in different seasons of the year. After identification of prey birds through photographs taken during the study, presence and absence of prey birds was also recorded. Some species, which were formerly not reported in region, were also identified and the relative abundance among different species was calculated.

Keywords: Birds of prey, birds of Rawalpindi, birds of Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION category of non- group. The prey birds are the flying creatures According to taxonomic point which are the indicators of of view, modern living birds are environmental health (Koskimies, approximately nine thousand eight 1989). They are commonly found in hundred species to ten thousand and all like and semi-desert fifty (Gill, 2006; Clements, 2007). areas, open , , forests, The number of genera and species arid-zones, , coastal-areas, continues to change as revisions and marshes, rivers and lakes water lakes, discoveries are made. Generally, grounds and near human habitations. modern birds are divided into the two Few of them are resident while the main groups: Passerine and Non- rest of them are migratory. A few passerine. All prey birds fall in years ago, 660 species of non-

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Yousaf and Manzoor: A CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF PREY

J. Bioresource Manage. (2014) 1(2): 10-20.

occurring in Pakistan had to 1580 m. Average minimum and been reported, out of which 36.5% are maximum temperature is 19.5° C and oriental, 63.5% are of Palearctic 33.3°C, respectively. Study is origin while 0.5% are cosmopolitan shown in Figure 1 (a and b). (Roberts, 1991). They are obvious barometers of environmental health and for this reason alone they deserve our understanding (Kemp and Kemp, 1998). Birds of prey have been categorized into: Osprey, , buzzards, hawks and , harriers, , and . Most of the work on the prey birds had been done (Waite, 1948; Roberts, 1991;

Whistler 1930 and , 1998), but a current field study was conducted because the knowledge about the previously existing prey birds in selected areas is no more authentic due to invasion and extinction of many species in the past few years. Therefore, the aim of this study is to make a checklist of previously and newly existing prey birds as well as to study their general behaviors and b biology. Figure 1: (a) view of MATERIAL AND METHODS study area. (b) Map of study area. Study Area The study area was divided into different zones and appropriate points The selected study area was were selected for the identification Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Margalla and observations of prey birds. At hills, and partially the different times and different seasons Potohar region. The range of the of year, study areas were visited. latitude (N) and longitude (E) of the Field binoculars, having a selected study area is given below: range of about 500 meters, was Latitude (N): 33° 27.34 - 33° 48.05, carefully used to note down the Longitude (E): 72° 59.34 - 73° 27.30. distinguishing features of prey birds. Topography of the study area is A spotting scope with a movable rugged and elevation ranges from 450 stand having a range of ten kilometers

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Yousaf and Manzoor: A CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF PREY

J. Bioresource Manage. (2014) 1(2): 10-20.

was used to observe distinctive The detailed data of confirmed behaviors of prey birds. Surrounding or the present species of birds of prey areas were also scanned for prey birds in previously recorded data and on the obvious perches & then current study areas are given in Table photographs were taken carefully 1. with the help of digital camera having a range of about thousand meters. Not Confirmed Species Various characteristic features such as color and flight pattern, body size, The detailed data of species of calls and songs were recognized with birds of prey that are not confirmed in the help of a computer and its previously recorded data and status in accessories. The observed species current study areas are given in Table were compared with the provided 2. checklist and unreported species were estimated. Relative abundance of Absent Species existing species was estimated by counting their number in the study The detailed data of species of area. Relative statistical test was birds of prey which are present in applied to estimate the relative previously recorded data while are abundance of the ’s prey of the absent in current study areas are given selected area. in Table 3.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Newly Reported Species

The current study revealed four The detailed data of species of categories i.e. present or confirmed birds of prey which are absent in species, not confirmed species, absent previously recorded data while found species and newly found species. in current study areas are given in Dramatic changes can occur in Table 4. species population of certain area over years which can also result in The population of different extinction of native species and species of birds of prey varied in the addition of species (Catherine et al., current study area. Black , Pariah 2005). Therefore, the categories in and had higher current were formed regarding the population while , Merlin comparison of previous literature and and other birds like , data collected in current study. Regalis, and Sooty etc. were less in population. The details are Confirmed or Present Species given in Table. 5. The relative abundance was also calculated in which black eagle showed highest

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Yousaf and Manzoor: A CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF PREY

J. Bioresource Manage. (2014) 1(2): 10-20.

Table 1: Detailed data of Confirmed/Present species of Birds of Prey according to previous record and their

current status in selected study area.

Location of Sightseeing Previously Location of Sightseeing Scientific Name Common Name (Previously) Reported By (Current Study) Eurasian Sparrow and Metropolitan areas of 1 Accipiter nisus melaschistos Roberts, 1991 Hawk Rawalpindi Rawalpindi and Islamabad , Potohar Indian sparrow Roberts, 1991 and Metropolitan areas of 2 Accipiter badius cenchroides region and throughout Hawk or Mirza, 1998 Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Punjab Rawalpindi, Punjab salt Waite, 1948; Metropolitan areas of 3 rapax nipalensis Steppe Eagle ranges and Potohar Roberts, 1991 and Rawalpindi and Islamabad. regions Mirza, 1998 Lesser Spotted Metropolitan areas of 4 Aquila pomarina Rawal Lake, Islamabad Kazmierczak, 2000 Eagle Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Rawal Lake, metropolitan Rawal Lake, Islamabad Roberts, 1991 and 5 Circus aeruginosus Marsh areas of Rawalpindi and and throughout Punjab Mirza, 1998 Islamabdad Whistler, 1930; Rawalpindi and Potohar Ticehurst, 1923; Metropolitan areas of 6 Falco tinnunculus Eurasian kestrel region Roberts, 1991 and Rawalpindi and Islamabad Mirza, 1998

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Yousaf and Manzoor: A CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF PREY

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Red headed Whistler, 1930; Rawalpindi, Rawal Lake Metropolitan areas of 7 Falco chicquera Merlin or Roberts, 1991 and and Potohar region Rawalpindi and Islamabad Turumtee Mirza, 1998

Himalayan Hills and Rawal Roberts, 1991 and 8 himalayensis Rawal Lake, Islamabad Griffon Lake Mirza, 1998

Murree Hills, Punjab salt Waite, 1948; Eurasian Griffon 9 Gyps fulvus ranges and Rawal Lake, Roberts, 1991 and Rawal Lake, Islamabad Vulture Islamabad Mirza, 1998 Rawal Lake, Metropolitan Rawalpindi and Potohar Roberts, 1991 and 10 migrans migrans areas of Rawalpindi and region Mirza, 1998 Islamabad Eared or large Metropolitan areas of 11 Milvus migrans lineatus Rawalpindi Roberts, 1991 Indian kite Rawalpindi and Islamabad Rawal Lake, Metropolitan Pariah or Indian Rawalpindi and Potohar Roberts, 1991 and 12 Milvus migrans areas of Rawalpindi and kite region Mirza, 1998 Islamabad Egyptian or Throughout Punjab and Waite, 1948 and 13 Neophron percnopterus Rawal Lake, Islamabad Vulture Punjab salt region Roberts, 1991

Crested Honey Throughout Punjab and Roberts,1991 and Metropolitan areas of 14 Pernis ptilorhynchus Buzzard Punjab salt region Mirza, 1998 Rawalpindi and Islamabad

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Yousaf and Manzoor: A CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF PREY

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Table 2: Detailed data of species of Birds of Prey which are not confirmed according to previous record and

their current status in selected study area.

Location of Sightseeing Previously Location of Sightseeing Scientific Name Common Name (Previously) Reported By (Current Study) Cinerous Vulture Rare at Rawal Lake and Roberts, 1991 and 1 Aegypius monachus or Eurasian Black Rawalpindi and Potohar region metropolitan areas of Mirza, 1998 Vulture Rawalpindi and Islamabad Rarely seen at metropolitan Greater Spotted 2 Aquila Throughout Punjab Roberts, 1991 areas of Rawalpindi and Eagle Islamabad Rarely seen at metropolitan Aquila rapax Throughout Punjab and Potohar Roberts, 1991 and 3 areas of Rawalpindi and vindhiana region Mirza, 1998 Islamabad Very rarely seen at the White eyed Rawalpindi, Punjab salt range Waite, 1948 and 4 Butastur teesa Metropolitan areas of Buzzard and potohar region Robrets, 1991 Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Very rarely seen at Metropolitan Occasionally encountered 5 Buteo buteo vulpinus Desert Buzzard Roberts, 1991 areas of Rawalpindi and throughout Punjab Islamabad Very rarely seen at Metropolitan Long Legged Throughout Punjab and Potohar Roberts, 1991 and 6 Buteo rufinus areas of Rawalpindi and Buzzard region Mirza, 1998 Islamabad Margalla hills and Potohar Roberts, 1991 and Rarely seen at Rawalpindi, 7 Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier Plateau, Rawalpindi Mirza, 1998 Islamabad and Margalla hills

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Yousaf and Manzoor: A CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF PREY

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Encountered very rare in the Punjab salt ranges, Margalla Roberts, 1991 and Margalla hills and Metropolitan 8 pennatus Booted Eagle hills, Potohar regions Mirza, 1998 areas of Rawalpindi and Islamabad Very rare at the metropolitan Potohar Plateau of salt ranges Roberts, 1991 and 9 Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier areas of Rawalpindi, Rawal and throughout Punjab Mirza, 1998 Lake and Islamabad Rarely seen at metropolitan Northern Mountains, Murree Whistler, 1930 10 Falco subbuteo Northern Hobby areas of Rawalpindi, Margalla hills and Rawalpindi and Roberts, 1991 hills, Rawal Lake and Islamabad Whistler, 1930; Very rare at the Margalla hills, Falco biarmicus 11 Lagger Falcon Punjab and Rawalpindi Roberts, 1991 and metropolitan areas of jugger Mirza, 1998 Rawalpindi and Islamabad Very rare at the metropolitan Rare in Potohar region, Murree Roberts, 1991 and 12 Falco cherrug areas of Rawalpindi, Islamabad hills and Rawal Lake Mirza, 1998 and Margalla hills Very rare at Rawal Lake, Whistler, 1930; Scarce at Rawal Lake and Margalla hills, metropolitan 13 Falco peregrinus Roberts, 1991 and Potohar region areas of Rawalpindi and Mirza, 1998 Islamabad Oriental White Throughout Punjab and Rare at metropolitan areas of 14 Gyps bengalensis Roberts, 1991 backed Vulture occasionally at Murree hills Rawalpindi and Islamabad Roberts, 1991 and Rare at Rawalpindi and 15 fasciatus Bonnelli’s Eagle Throughout Punjab and Potohar Mirza, 1998 Islamabad Rare at the metropolitan areas of 16 Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle Murree foot hills Roberts, 1991 Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Potohar region, regularly occurs Roberts, 1991 and 17 Pandion haliaetus Osprey Rarely seen at Rawal Lake at Rawal Lake Mirza, 1998

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Yousaf and Manzoor: A CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF PREY

J. Bioresource Manage. (2014) 1(2): 10-20.

Table 3: Detailed data of species of Birds of Prey which are absent in current status study area.

Location of Sightseeing Previously Location of Sightseeing Scientific Name Common Name (Previously) Reported By (Current Study) Rarely seen in Punjab and Rawal Waite, 1930 and Absent in Rawalpindi and 1 Accipiter gentiles Goshawk Lake, Islamabad Whistler, 1930 Islamabad Montagu’s Roberts, 1991 and Absent in Rawalpindi and 2 Circus pygargus Punjab salt range Harrier Mirza, 1998 Islamabad Absent in metropolitan Black- Throughout Punjab and Potohar Roberts, 1991 and 3 Elanus caeruleus areas of Rawalpindi and Shouldered Kite region Mirza, 1998 Islamabad Red Capped Common at Rawalpindi and Rawal Whistler, 1930 and Absentin Margalla hills, 4 Falco pelegrinides Falcon Lake Roberts, 1974 Rawalpindi and Islamabad Absent from Rawal Lake, Absent in most of Punjab while Roberts, 1991 and 5 Indus Metropolitan areas of present at Rawal lake Mirza, 1998 Rawalpindi and Islamabad Absent from Margalla hills, Crested Serpent Very less in number in Rawalpindi 6 Spilornis cheela Roberts, 1991 Rawal Lake, Rawalpindi eagle and Murree hills and Islamabad

King Vulture or Rawalpindi plateau but had not Absent at Rawal Lake, Whistler, 1930 and 7 Torgos Calvus Red headed recently been encountered around Margalla hills, Rawalpindi Roberts, 1991 Vulture Rawalpindi or Punjab salt range and Islamabad

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Yousaf and Manzoor: A CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF PREY

J. Bioresource Manage. (2014) 1(2): 10-20.

Table 4: Detailed data of species of Birds of Prey which are newly reported in selected study area.

Previously Location of Sightseeing Scientific Name Common Name Previous Record Reported By (Current Study) Unreported in Rawalpindi Metropolitan areas of 1 Buteo regalius Buzzard Roberts, 1991 and Islamabad Rawalpindi and Islamabad Absent from Rawalpindi Metropolitan areas of 2 Falco concolor Sooty Falcon Roberts, 1991 and Islamabad Rawalpindi and Islamabad Unreported at Rawal Lake, Metropolitan areas of 3 Ictinaetus malayensis Black Eagle Roberts, 1991 Rawalpindi and Islamabad Rawalpindi and Islamabad Unreported at Rawal Lake, Metropolitan areas of 4 Milvus milvus Red Kite Roberts, 1991 Rawalpindi, Islamabad Rawalpindi and Islamabad.

Table 5: Population of the Birds Of Prey in the Study Area

Name of Birds Population (#) Name of Birds Population (#) 1 Black Kite 280 8 Indian Sparrow Hawk 180 2 Black Eagle 60 9 160 3 Crested Honey Buzzard 70 10 Marsh Harrier 140 4 Eurasian Kestrel 150 11 Steppe Eagle 200 5 60 12 Pariah Kite 240 6 Eurasian Sparrow Hawk 70 13 Merlin 45 Other Species (Red Kite, Buzzard, 7 Griffon Vulture 80 14 25 Sooty Falcon)

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Yousaf and Manzoor: A CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF PREY

J. Bioresource Manage. (2014) 1(2): 10-20. relative abundance of 16 % while This study revealed that the Black eagle, Merlin and Egyptian birds of prey are declining due to the vulture showed 3% relative invasion and extinction of many abundance. The graph is shown in species. According to reliable Figure 2. literature, in the study area 100 species were abundantly present in the recent past. Out of those 100 species 34% species confirmed present, 39% rare, 17% absent and about 10% have been reported new according to our study. It appears from this result that fauna of the region is on the verge of declining. If necessary actions are not taken accordingly, the conditions may result into even worse situation. It is recommended that relative agencies organizations should be dedicated to Figure 2: Relative abundance meet this challenge and to ensure the of birds of prey in study area. survival of rich variety of wild life.

CONCLUSION REFRENCES

Wildlife is declining globally, Catherine JT, Daniels CB and Hill RS as in Pakistan. The Red Book by (2005). Changes in species IUCN suggests the extinction of 3 assemblages within the species per day of various fauna from Adelaide , the surface of earth. Diurnal birds of , 1836–2002. Ecol. prey, like all carnivores, are Appl. 15(1), 346–359. especially vulnerable to pesticides, insecticides, and other human made Clements JF (2007). The Clements toxic chemicals. These birds of prey Checklist of Birds of the are exposed to a variety of bacterial, (6th ed.) Ithaca: Comell viral, and fungal diseases, as well as University Press. ISBN 978- internal and external parasites from 0-8014-4501-9. the prey they eat. Though not usually fatal, infections may make a bird Gill F (2006). Birds of the World: weak and vulnerable to other Recommended English environmental factors. Names. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 987- 0-691-12827-6.

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Yousaf and Manzoor: A CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF PREY

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Kazmierczak K (2000). A field guide for Environmental Reserach to the birds of , Sri and Conservation. ISBN 969- Lanka, Pakistan, , 8381-01-05 , , and the Roberts TJ (1991). The birds of . New : Om Pakistan. Vol 1. Non- Book Service. passeriformes. University Press, . Kemp A and Kemp M (1998). SASOL birds of prey of Ticehurst CB (1923). The birds of and its Islands. Sind. (Part IV). Int. J. Avian : New Holland Publishers. Sci. 65, 235-275.

Koskimies P (1989). Birds as a tool in Waite HW (1948). The birds of environmental monitoring. Punjab Salt Range, Pakistan. Ann. Zool. Fennici. 26, 153- J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 48, 166. 93-117.

Mirza ZB (1998). Illustrated Whistler H. 1930. The Birds of the Handbook of Rawalpindi , N.W. biodiversity of Pakistan (1st edition). Publishers: Centre India. Int. J. Avian Sci.

72 (1), 1–192.

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