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Distribution of Clitoria (Leguminosae: Phaseoleae: Clitoriinae) in the Flora Mesoamericana Area

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Distribution of Clitoria (Leguminosae: Phaseoleae: Clitoriinae) in the Flora Mesoamericana Area DISTRIBUTION OF CLITORIA (LEGUMINOSAE: PHASEOLEAE: CLITORIINAE) IN THE FLORA MESOAMERICANA AREA PAUL R. FANTZ1 Abstract. Documentation data of herbarium specimens examined and distribution of the taxa is presented for the manuscript on Clitoria (Leguminosae) submitted for the Flora Mesoamericana. Keywords: Clitoria, Fabaceae, Flora Mesoamericana, Central America, identification key, exsiccatae The treatment of Clitoria L. (Fabaceae) for the study. Botanists working on Central American Flora Mesoamericana was first submitted in 1995 research projects, who wish to review distribu- with an updated revision in 2003 (Fantz, ined.). tional data in the exsiccatae, will find the FM data- Data from herbarium vouchers examined and dis- base cumbersome as well as incomplete. It re- tribution records of the taxa are extremely limited quires several button clicks to view data on a sin- in the manuscript as editorial guidelines limited the gle specimen. One is unable to search by locality citation of specimens to one per country or state for an overview of specimens of a taxon collected in México. Although the Flora Mesoamerica (FM) in that area. In addition, there is no indication that website (www.mobot.org/ MOBOT/fm/) has an exsic- the FM exsiccatae is archived in hard copy. catae data base section, current data is sparse, and The excissatae studied in the development of appears to include primarily collections deposited the treatment of Clitoria for the Flora Mesoamericana at MO. The length of time between treatment sub- are published herein to assist researchers working mission and flora publication has reached a dec- on Central American research projects. Included ade, and it is uncertain when the data will be re- are Central American specimens derived from leased in print. Data entry of exsiccatae will be over 10,200 worldwide collections of Clitoria ex- time consuming, and it is uncertain when data will amined and annotated by the author. A key to taxa be available online or how extensive the excissatae of Clitoria is provided to assist botanists with iden- will be. Also, it is uncertain whether excissatae tifications of their own collections of the genus or data will include those collections examined by in examining collections not found in this list of authors of taxonomic treatments, or additional exsiccatae. collections that were not included in their original METHODS Herbarium vouchers of Clitoria from Meso- major site, collector(s) and number, and herbaria america [southern México (states of Campeche, of deposit. Complete label information is main- Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Veracruz, Yucatan) to tained by the author. CIAT collections made from Panama] cited herein are specimens from 40 inter- material grown in cultivation in Cali, Colombia are national herbaria. All vouchers cited have been cited herein under the location where seed was identified and annotated by the author. Specimen collected in the wild. Author abbreviations follow data presented here includes country, province, Brummitt & Powell (1992). The author thanks the curators of the cited herbaria for sending loans or allowing visits and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. 1 Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7609, U.S.A. Email: [email protected] Vulpia, Vol. 4, 2005, pp. 42–51. © The North Carolina State University Herbarium, 2005. 43 VULPIA Vol. 4 OBSERVATIONS Mesoamerica includes a taxonomically diverse trally in the plant and cleistogamous flowers borne group of species within the genus. Primitive sub- at lower or apical nodes, or both. Herbarium col- genus Bractearia (Mart. ex Benth.) Fantz includes lections with cleistogamous flowers often were 30 species of trees, large shrubs and lianas and is unidentified to species or misidentified to genus predominately South American in distribution. prior to the author’s study of Clitoria. Two species, C. glaberrima Pittier (sect. Brachycalyx Fantz (1980, 1981) reported that Clitoria arbores- Fantz) and C. javitensis (Kunth) Benth. (sect. Cauli- cens R.Br. (cited incorrectly as C. arborescens Ait.) florae Fantz), have migrated northward into Pa- was misapplied to a number of vouchers of Clitoria nama with sparse distribution elsewhere in Meso- javitensis in Mesoamerica. Clitoria arborescens is dis- america. Subgenus Clitoria includes five Paleotropi- tributed in northern South America, from French cal species. One African species, C. ternatea L., has Guiana to eastern Venezuela, with isolated collec- been introduced into the Neotropics through cul- tions from Colombia and northern Venezuela. tivation, but has escaped and currently is known The name Clitoria laurifolia Poir. has been misap- from naturalized populations throughout Meso- plied to specimens of C. guianensis and does not america. The more advanced subgenus Neurocar- occur in Mesoamerica. pum (Desv.) Baker includes 24 species. Two spe- Several species have distinct varieties and forms. cies, C. falcata Lam. and C. guianensis (Aubl.) Benth. The rank of forma is not recognized by many bota- of South American sect. Neurocarpum have mi- nists, but included herein as herbarium vouchers grated into Mesoamerica northward to central were annotated with form names. The forms rep- México. Two species, C. mexicana Link and C. resent distinct morphological variation that has led polystachya Benth., of sect. Mexicana Fantz have some botanists to assign new varietal or species migrated from Mexico south through Meso- names in the historical literature, or as annotations america. on herbarium sheets. For example, Clitoria falcata Cleistogamy and chasmocleistogamy occurs in Lam. f. heteromorpha (Griseb.) Fantz has an imper- Mesoamerican species C. falcata, C. guianensis, C. fectly formed costa, extending only 1/3 to 2/3 the mexicana, and C. polystachya. Cleistogamous flowers length of the fruit valve, and is a form found in commonly are borne at lower nodes before the the Caribbean Islands with one collection each in showy chasmogamous flowers appear. Cleistoga- Guatemala, Honduras and Venezuela. Cauliflorous mous flowers are inconspicuous, apetalous or with specimens of C. javitensis that lack leaves were cited petal remnants within the calyx tube, and bear a under the typical infraspecific taxon and high- minute calyx (tube 4–8 mm long, lobes 2–4 mm lighted with an asterick (*) next to the herbarium long) and bracteoles 3–7 mm long. Chasmocleis- acronym. togamy does occur, but has been vouchered infre- quently, with chasmogamous flowers borne cen- RESULTS Taxa are listed alphabetically. Also, distribution geographical features cited frequently on collec- data for taxa are presented alphabetically by coun- tion labels (Table 1). Standard map references try, then by province, then by collector(s). Collec- (e.g., latitude and longitude) cited by modern col- tors with multiple collections are cited in ascend- lectors are included. Locality data and abbrevia- ing order by their collection number. Collection tions used by collectors were cited as presented on dates generally are excluded, but are included the herbarium label. Elevation and habitat data, when specimens lacked a collection number (s.n., included in the floristic treatment, were excluded sine numero). here. I am willing to share complete data with re- Provinces, states, or departments have been searchers who request it. bold-faced to allow the reader to overview data Standard acronyms are utilized for herbarium quickly. Locality data has been abbreviated for voucher citations following Holmgren et al. 2005 Fantz, Clitoria in Mesoamerica 44 TABLE 1. Abbreviations used in citing locality data for Clitoria herbarium vouchers. btw between mi mile ca circa, approximately M Mount cam. camino Mun. Municipality carr. carreta N North Cr creek nr near cult. cultivated R Rio, Río E East rd road hwy highway R. river Isl. Island rte route jct junction S South km kilometer s.n. sine numero, without number l.c. loco citato, at the place cited twd toward Lk Lake vic vicinity of, vecindades Mt Mountain W West (1990). An acronym followed by a number (e.g., F- mixture of more than one species, so that dupli- 3) indicates the number of sheets of a collection in cates in different herbaria represent different spe- their herbarium. Acronyms followed by a lower- cies. Mixed collections are cited with the misiden- case “m” (e.g., F-m) indicate that the specimen tified duplicate vouchers preceded by the word has mixed material of two or more species. Occa- "non" (e.g., BM, F, non C, GH, MO). sionally, duplicates of one collection number are a KEY TO TAXA OF CLITORIA 1. Leaflets 5–7; inflorescence 1-flowered; bracteoles 5–8 mm wide; legume subsessile, stipe 1–2 mm ...... ...........................................................................................................................................................2. (C. ternatea) 1. Leaflets 3; inflorescence 2-several flowered; bracteoles 1–4 mm wide; legumes stipitate, stipe 4–33 mm ................................................................................................................................................................................5. 2. Flowers papilionaceous; stamens diadelphous..................................................... 3. (C. ternatea var. ternatea) 2. Flowers “double,” petals 5, standard-like; stamens 10, free ........................... 4. (C. ternatea var. pleniflora) 3. Flowers white with vexillum greenish to greenish-white
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