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A.I.D. HISTORICAL AND TECHNi CAL REFERENCE ROOM 1656 NS

BANGKOK, THAILAND FEBRUARY 11-22, 1957 FAR EAST

RURAL YOUTH

CONFERENCE

February 11-22, 1957

BANGKOK, TIAILAND

:FIN-ALLREPORT' FAR EAST RURAL YOUTH CONFERENCE BANGKOK, THAILAND - FEBRUARY 11 .22, 1957

ORDER OF PRESENTATION - Page

OBJECTIVES ------­ - 1

INTRODUCTION - - - - - ­ - - - - - 2 ORGANIZATION

PLANNING COMMITTEE - 3 GENFRAL ADMINISTRATION STAFF 4 STAFF ASSISTANTS - " " 4 REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS COMMITTEE 5 EVALUATION COMMIT-IIE .5 DELEGATES AND OBSERVERS - - 5

PROGRAM

DAILY ... . 11C OPENING ADDRESSES . l COUNTRY REPORTS -.. 27 CASE HISTORIES - . . . 39 WORKING GROUPS . . . .. 53 Official Photograph - Pages 56-57 STUDY TOURS ...... 76 ADDRESS BY RECTOR, KASETSART UNIVERSITY- - - 77 EVENING ENTERTAINMENT .... - - 78 EXHIBITS ------78 PUBLICITY ­ - - - 79 CONFERENCE RECOMMENDATIONS .. . . 80 DELEGATE OPINION POLL ­ - 81 CLOSING ADDRESSES . . .. 82

APPENDICES ------­ - 87

PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES OPERATIONS MISSION To THAILAND, IN 8 TO TIgiLND;' BANGKOK Objectives of the Conference

To help participating countries gain a broader knowledge and perspective of the importance of educational work with rural youth.

To help countries develop effective methods and procedures for giving educational assistance to rural youth.

To provide for a stable ogricultural economy in future years by developing sound and scientific attitudes in rural youth at an early age.

To provide opportunity for representatives of Southeast Asia countries to examine their resources and needs for rural education programs and make plans for future development.

To develop opportunities for further international cooperation and exchange of information and leadership among the several organizations and countries represented. In August and September 1956 visits were made to Burma, Cambodia, Republic of China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Federation of Malaya, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Within most of these countries there were established temporary sponsoring and arrangements committees to select delegates, to decide ol the case histories which would be presented by the countric! , and to recommend plans for financingand otherconsidera­ tions. Contacts wvere made with the Ministries of Agriculturc and Education, Food and Agr;culture Organization, UNESCO. foundation representa­ tives, private sponsoring groups, USOMs of the participating countries, and other organizations and groups interested and concerned with rural youth education. From the start, an effort was made to involve all interested groups and organ­ izations in the planning and conduct of the conference.

Conference secretary at the microphone. Introduc t ion

At a mecting of extension representatives By E. W. AITON held in Manila in 1955 the delegates expressed need for increasing the knowledge and activity relating Within Thailand a Planning Committee was to rural youth programs in South East Asia. They established. This included Phra Prakas Sahakorn, recommended that a rural youth congress should Under-Secretary of State for Agriculture, as be held at anl early date. Following cirClati Of Chairman, and representation from the Ministry a questionnaire by the chairman. East Asia Exten- of Agriculture, USOM/Thailand, and all other sion Committee, it was observed that the countries organizations and agencies interested in rural were interested in a training conlerence for exten- youth, as indicated by the Planning Committee sion workers and others directly concerned with yotha s ic ateby t ing the developmcnt of rural youth programs, rather than the rural youth congress originally proposed. The Governcnt of Thailand was host for Out of this observation there developed final plans the conference and the International Cooperation and arrangements for holding this Far East Rural Administration of the United States sponsored Youth Conference at Bangkok. Thailand, February it in cooperation with governments of the partici­ 11-22, 1957. pating countries. Participation included 125 regular, fully participating delegates of country ministries, The Government of Thailand was contacted private foundations. United Nations organizations, relative to its willingness to be host to such a local leaders, and members ot rural youth clubs or conference. On acceptance, the details of planning study groups. An additional 32 observers, mostly and operation moved forward at a rapid pace il from Thailand, were present for the two-weeks' the Summer and Fall of 1956. At the request Of period. Countries oflicially represented included: the International Cooperation Administration, tle Cambodia. Republic of China, Indonesia, Japan, participating governments and the country USOM Korea, Laos, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. missions, a conference consultant was temporarily Nepal was represented tmnoflicially by one delegate employed bv the International Cooperation Adnii- who chanced to be in the area on a training nistration, Washington, to visit each of eleven program in preparation for his position as Chief South East Asia countries relative to their interest of extension work in his country. in, and plans for, participation. The consultant subsequently became the secretary of the conference. (See Introduction Page 74) 2 Candid camera caught six key menlbers during mnecting of Phnning Committee; leftto right-Phanom Snitananda, C.W. Chang, E.W. Aiton, consultant ;Phr- Prakas Sahakorn, dmairman; Prayote Purnasiri, vice chairman: Roem Purnariksha, Secretary. Contference Planning Committee Chairman PttRA PRAKAS SAIIAKORN Member AMPORN KARASANANDA Under-Secretary of State for Agricultural Officer Agriculture Department of Agriculture

['ice Chairman PRAYOT- PLURNASIRI Member PRIDA KARNASUT Deputy Under-Secretary of Chief, Inland Fisheries Division State for Agriculture Department of Fisheries

Secretar' ROEM PURNARIKSIIA Member PRAYUNE SAVANASOOJARIT Chief Technical Officer Extension Services Division Department of Agriculture Department of Agriculture

Assistant Secretary TItUMNONG SINGALAVANIJA Member BRICE M. MACE, JR. Chief. Extension Services Agriculture Olficer Division, Department of USOM. Bangkok Agriculture Member RAY E. CAMERON Extension Advisor Assistant SecretariyVIBUL STIwrtIRAT Uson Angkor Chief, Foreign Organizations USOM. Bangkok Section, Foreign Agricultural Member DONALD P. CARTER Relations. Ministry of Rural Youth Training Advisor, Agriculture USOM, Bangkok

Member M.R. CIIAKRATONG TIIONGYAI Member WELLINGTON BRINK Chief Research Officer Extension Specialist (Informa­ Department of Rice tion), USOM, Bangkok

-r PIIANOM SIIANANDA Member GODFRI-Y R. HOERNER Kasetsart University Oregon-Kasc.sart University Contract Member PRAVING SAMAKOSES Head, Section of Extension Member C.W. CIIANG Service, Department o r Regional Agricultural Advisor Livestock Development FAO, Bangkok 3 General Administration Staff

Chairman of the Transportation Officer CHoY POTCHARATANA Conference (elected) M.C. LAKSHNAKARA KASHEMSANTA Assistant Transportation PRASRTPAN Conference Officer ROEM PURNARIKSHA Officer PRAC1TE

Assistant Conference Reception OJficer SUBAN SAWETAMAL Officer THUMNONG SINGALAVANIJA Registration and

Assistant Conference Information Officer MRS. VIMONNART Officer VIBUL STHITIRAT CHANDRAPUANG

Conference Secretary' E.W. AITON Stud' Tour Officer PRAYUNE SAVANASOOJARIT

Assistant Conference Secretary RAY E. CAMERON Publicity Officer WELLINGTON BRINK

Documents Officer DONALD P. CARTER Assistant Publicity Officer PRAVING SAMAKOSFS Assistant Documents Officer LEK JAIVASU Exhibits Officer MANA BUAKHAO

Staff Assistants

Head, Clerical Staff MRS. HARRY CARR Typist, USOM PRASOP SUJJAPONG Clerical Assistant MRS. CHARLES MCANDREW Mineograph Operator, USOM CHALONG CHOOTACHA Interpreter S. SERN Typist, Ministry of Interpreter SOMMPONG SUCtARITKUI. Agriculture CHAROEN UNNANOND

Interpreter J. KASEM SIBUNRUANG Typist, Ministry of Agriculture LOUIS MALISEN Interpreter AMPORN KARASANANDA Typist, Ministry of Interpreter LEEDY TONG Agriculture RENU SUANRAT

Interpreter MR. YEH Typist, Ministry of

Documnerts Distribution Agriculture CHURAI PHOLPHUNDH Officer, Ministry of Mimeograph Operator, Agricuiture BOONSONG KANPA! MinistryofAgriculture

Documents Distribution KAMOL CHANTATERO Officer, Ministry of Agriculture BOONLOEY SAKULKLOY Mimeograph Operator, Ministr' ofAgriculture Typist, USOM SAOD KONGKLAI THAVALYA HUNAPUN 4 Conference Report and Recommendations Committee

ROENI PURNARIKSHA Thailand KEN! CHu KANG Korea Chairman

PROM TEr SAVANG Cambodia JUAN B. CABANOS Philippines

CHi-TSING LIAO Republic of China KADAR MARWANI Indonesia

SHoiCiI NAKADA Japan E.W. AITON Ex Officio

R.E. CA,!ERON Ex Officio

Conference Evaluation Committee

C.W. CHANG, Agricultural Advisor, FAO; TOKuzo TATSUNO, Chief of the Japanese, C'hairman Delegation

HASAN SUDIBJA, Member of the Indonesian JUAN B. CAIIANOS, Chief of the Philippine Delegation Delegation

THUMNONG SINGALAVANIJA, Chief of the Thai Delegation

Official Delegates

(Nantes Underlined hIdicate Heads of Country Delegations)

CAMBODIA 8. JAMES L. EASOM Agricultural Exten­ sion Advisor, 1. PRO TEP SAVANG Head of National USOM/C Agriculture School 9. MISS MARIA TABIELLINI UNESCOTechnical 2. MEN CHIUN Director of Funda- Assistance Mission mental Education 10. VOYCHAI VATTRA PHOUD Interpreter, USOM 3. Kirst CHEA Chief of Agricul- 11. Ho-TONG-PENG Ministry of Agri­ tural Extension culture 4. DANIt HUYNH Assistant to Direc­ tor of Fundamental Education REPUBLIC OF CHINA 5. YF.M YIN Inspector of Sports and Youth Move- 12. LIAG CHI-TsING Rural Youth ment Specialist 6. SISAMOUTH SIVANNARY Officer. Sports and 13. Hsu MING-SEN Junior Leader Youth Movement 14. HUANG CIIANG-KUN Club Member 7. Louis FONTENOT, JR. Agricultural Exten- 15. Wu CHIN KUEN Chief, Rural Youth sion Advisor, Section, Extension USOM/C Service 5 16. LEE TSEN-TIEN 4-H Local Leader 36. MAREHITO IKEDA Ministry of Agricul­ 17. MISS CHO Tu 4-H Local Leader ture, General Affairs 18. MIss CHIN LONG HUANG 4-H Local Leader 37. MIss SACHIKO 19. WANG HWA LIN Chief, Vocational HAYAKAWA Extension Specialist Section, Provincial 38. HIKARU TAMAI Director, Japan 4-H Department of Association Education 39. MASAJI MATUMOTO 4-1 Club Member 20. CHOW SHIUN Headmaster of' 40. IKUO YAGISAWA 4-H Club Member School Farm 41. Miss NAO KITOIIARA 4-H Club Member 21. CHANG Hsi-Ciim JSRR, Agricultural 42. TAMOTSU ONO 4-H Club Member Extension 43. Miss KURAKO NEMOTO 4-H Club Member 22. THOMAS C. LETS Specialist, Agricul- 44. Miss KATSUKO OHAMI 4-H Club Member tural Education 23. AUGUSTUS J. BRUNDAGE Acting Chief, Agri- 45. Miss MOTOKO MIZUKAMI Home Economist, Extension Ministry of Agri­ culturalDivision, JCRRculture 46. MorosuiE SUZUKI 4-H Club Specialist

INDONESIA 47. SHoici NAKATA Ministry of Agricul­ 24. KADAR MARWANI Assistant to Direc- ture, Extension tor of Extension, 48. MRS. EMI SHIMIZU Interpreter Djakarta 25. RHARDJA Chief of Extension KOREA Service, Garut 49. KANG KEM CHU 4-H Club Technical 26. HASAN SUDIIJA Chief of Extension Assistance, Service,Tasikimalaja American - Korean 27. RADJIMIN BIN MUNAWI Chiel, Agricultural Foundation Education, 50. Miss WON CHUNG SOOK 4-H Leader Member 28. MISS JisTangarang 51. Miss LEE YOH OK 4-H Club MAHDI Home Economics 52. KiM KAP YONG 4-1-I Club Specialist Instructor 53. JOSEPH HENRY BOYD Agricu!!ural Exten­ 29. Miss UTARIAH DJAFAR Home Economics sion Advisor Instructor 54. CHARLES A. ANDERSON 4-H Club Consul­ 30. HAMDANI Foreign Relations tant, AKF and OEC Section 31. TATANG Provincial Agricul- LAOS ture Officer, Farmers 55. TIANETHONE Organization CHANTHARASY Deputy Director, 32. BOEDIMAN Provincial Agricul- Foreign Trade ture Officer, Educa- 56. MADAME TIAO POUI tional Section CHANTHEPA Home Economics 33. SJOFJAN KAMAN Provincial Agricul- Teacher ture Officer, Publi- 57. OUN INTHAVONG Chief of Cabinet of cations Section Ministry of Agri­ 34. LAWRENCE McGARY USOM/I culture Specia- JAPAN 58. CHARLES SANDERS list,Agriculture USOM/L Chief, Extension 35. TOKUzOTATSUNO and Education Sec- PHILIPPINES tion, Development Bureau, Ministry of 59. JUAN B. CABANOS Assistant Director, Agriculture and Bureau of Agricul­ Forestry tural Extension 60. FAUSTINO S. MACUTAY Deputy, Presidential 77. PRIDA KARNASUT C h i e f, I n 1a n d Assistant on Com- Fisheries Division munity Develop- Department of ment Fisheries, Bangkok 61.NICANORDEL ROSARIO National 4-H 78 PORN RESANOND Instructor, Exten­ Supervisor sion Education 62. NICOMEDES C. FLORES Regional Agricul- Kasetsart Universi­ tural Extension ty, Bangkok Agent 79. PRAVING SAMAKOSES Head, Section of 63. MISS CATALINA D. SHEA Assistant 4 - H Extension Service, Supervisor Department of 64. SALVADOR F. BOLiVER Assistant Rural Livestock Develop­ Clubs Program ment, Bangkok Officer 80. MIss CHUANCHOM 65. FRANCISCO P. DABU 4-H Adult Leader CHANDRAPAURAYA Head, Home Eco­ 66. ALBERTO N. FELICIANO 4-H Member nomics Section 67. NENA AulirFiRA PAuiLO 4-H Member Kasetsart Univer­ 68. EDUARDO ESPINO sity, Bangkok SILUBRICO 4-H Leader 81. PRAMOTE BUACHATI Chief, Agricultural 69. GERAID A. LINEWEAVi3R Agricultural Exten- Extension Center, sion Advisor, L.opbt!ri USOM/P 82. CHAISAP SUPSARN Acting Chief, Agri­ cultural Extension THAILAND Center,Chachoeng­ 70. M.C. LAKSHNAKARA sao KAStEMSANTA Director - General 83. PINIT SUWANCHOTE Chief, Agricultural Extension Center, Department of Nakorn Rajsima Agriculture, 84. JADOON KONGSAR Chief, Agricultural Bangkok Extension Center, 71. ROEM PURNARIKSHA Chief Technical Udornthiani Officer, Department 85. SOMBAT VONGPROMET Chief, Agricultural of Agriculture, Extension Center, Bangkok Chieng ai 72. THUMNONG SINGALAVANIJA Chief. Ext en si on 86. SAMAI SASANAVIN Chief, Agricultural Service Extension Center, Department ofAgri- Pits an u lok e culture, Bangkok 87. CHAMROON VIMOLNITYA Chief, Agricultural 73. AMPORN KARASANANDA Assistant Chief, Extension Center. Extension Service Nakorn Pathom Department of Agri- 88. TERD SUVANAKIRI Chief, Agricultural culture, Bangkok Extension Center, 74. PRAYUNE SAVANASOOJARIT Acting Chief, Yuwa Songkhla Kasikorn Section 89. MISS PHAKA TANTIWONGSA Local Leader, Department of K o k sam r o n g Agriculture, School, Lopburi B a n g ko k 90. L.M.THUAN KOMKRIS Local Leader, Kom­ 75. SAVASDI CHEO-SAKUL Chief, Extension kris Farm, Sri Raja, Service Division Cholburi Department ofRice, 91. Miss KALAYA LENG SUVAN Yuwa Kasikorn Bangkok Member, Sikew 76. PHANOM SMITANANDA Chief, Extension Aniphur, Nakorn Education Depart- Rajsiina ment of Kasetsart 92. Dow SOMSRINONG Yuwa Kasikorn University, Member, 87 Srisook Bangkok Road,Udornthani 7 93. THANOMSAKDI ANUKUL Yuwa K asi korn 116. Miss PHAM LY TIm Attache de Cabinet, Member. Ministry of Na­ Chiengmai tional Education 94. JADE PRIJANONT Local Leader, 117. VAN TRUONG Mui Member of Funda­ Pitsanuloke Pitya- mental Education k o r ii S c h o o I, 118. NGUYEN TONG Assistant National Pitsanuloke 4-T Leader 95. ADIPAT BAMRUNG Local Leader, Saha 119. WESLEY S. SMITH Rural Youth Train­ Bamrung Vitaya in g Advisor, School. Nakorn USOM/Vietnam Patho in 96. SUTIN NANTIIANA Local Leader NEPAL 97. Tusioi. LoI-TRAKUI. Yu wa Kasikorn Member, 120. KIRAN MANI DIKSlIIT Chief, Extension

Sikew A mphur, - Training School Nakorn Rajsima (unofficial) 98. PANEE BOONrRIK Y u w a K as i k or in M ember. ITALY Sikew Amphur, Nakorn Rajsima 121. HSIN-PAO YANG Food and Agricul- 99. CIII WEN CHANG FAO Reional -ture Organization Agriculture (UN) 100. AGNES KOLSIIORN Home Economics Advisor, Oregon UNITED STATES OF AMERICA State Contract 101. BRICE M. MACE, JR. USOM, Agricul- 122. E.W. ATON United States ture Officer Department of 102. RAN, E. CAMERON USOM. Extension Agriculture and Advisor ICA / Washington, 103. DONALD P. CARTER U SO M, R u r a I Far East Youth Advisor 1.3.WARREN SCHMIDT International Farm 104. GODFREY R. HOERNER Chief Advisor, Youth Exchange Oregon State Con­ t ract 105. WELLINGTON BRINK USOM, Extension Information Ad- OBSERVERS visor VIETNAM CAMBODIA 106. Buu LOAN Chief of -Youth ServiceRural 1. BLIGH DESBRISAY USOM, Education Y h vDivisions School 107. Miss DUONG Tm THUONG Chief of Home Eco- and Community nomics Section Crafts Advisor 108. Miss NGUYEN Tin Ti-OAN 4-T Leader 109. Miss TRLONG Ti Viir ENGLAND HUONG 4-T Member 110. Nc":YUN VAN LANII 4-T Member 2. JOHN ADRIC UNESCO Obser­ 11I.NGtYL:N lCBII Extension Agent ver, Secondary I i2. Y. TONG EBAN 4-T Agent Education 113. NGUYEN TRUNG TONG Assistant National 4-T Leader THAILAND 114. NGUYEN-VAN MUNG Director, Funda­ mental Education 3. TULIP ANDERSON YWCA Staff 115. L.-xM BA PIIuoc Member, Educa- 4. DULCE LAUREL BOCOBo Regional Nutrition tion de Base Officer, FAO 8 21. SOONTHORN SAPRAPA Chief, Audio- Visual Education Section, Ministry of Education 22. JUAN S. SILVERIO Social Services Of­ ficer, Division of Social A ffai rs, ECAFE 23. 13URIN SIMBALIK Deputy Directer General Depart­ ment of Elementary and Adult Educa­ tion 24. TItAMANOON SINGHAGAJEN Instructor, Kaset­ sart University Many,general wsts,,on rl, etallenqded Iny Jroups of loca.l school 25. DUMRONG SOON THORN- children.andication of aronsed interest in thevolho niovenient.ision SARATOON Attached to Divi­ of Municipality 26. CHUAN SUWANARAW Headteacher of 5. CH.A-Um TtiONG SOMCI ART Secretary C h a clh o e n gsa o 6. Miss AIIPORN Teacher Co m pr e hen s iv e CIIARTIIIURNS School 7. MRs. BOONSIRI CIIAIVANN YWCA Staff 27. BHON THAMASUJARII Chief of Bangpa­ S. BOON-HASImIi NAM Chief of the Voca- kong Self-Help tional School, Pro- Settlement motion Division 28. TUMMANOON 9. NRu-r CHAI KUL Chief of Section of PREMSOONTORN Instructor, Kaset­ Community Deve- sart University lopment 29. SUTIN TUNI'INPETCt Teacher 10. CHAROON CIIANI Chief. Adult Edu- 30. SAVONG TUPKRISNANA Assistant Chief, cation Division, Section of Market Ministry of Educa- Promotion tion 31. FRANK A. YOUNKIN Presbyterian Mis­ 11. NIKONI CHANDVITHUN Assistant Chief, sionary Division of Social 32. DAMRONG SAMAN Y W C A B o a r d Sttidies Member 12. UBOLSRI CHEOSAKUL Instructor. Kaset- 33. FLOYD A. WILSON YMCA, Frater­ sart University nal Secretary 13. DON FARIS UNTAA Commu­ nity Development UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 14. ANONG HITASAK YWCA Secretary 15. SM HUTACHAREON Director. Adminis- 34. VERNA C. VOLZ YWCASecretary, trative Division Thailand 16. LARRY JUDD Director. Nan 35. ELBERT L., NELSON, JR. Chaplain, U.S. Rural Project Army 17. NiPION KANTASEWI Instructor. Exten- 36. EDWARD F. Cox JUSMAG sion Education. 37. RUTH WOODSMALL International Ob­ Kasetsart Univer- server, UN-NGO sitv (Y W CA) 18. PENSRI KIANGSIRI Instructor. Kaset­ sart University i9. MONDA QUANSAMAKORM Instructor VIETNAM 20. MRS. RULEG SACH-E YWCA Staff 38. DR. JORDAN 9 Daily Program

Sunday, Feb. 10 - Ratanakosin Hotel

3:30 P.M. Meeting of Steering Committee and conference staff (Steering Committee is composed of Conference Planning Committee and the chairman of each coun­ try's delegation) 5:00 P.M. Meeting of Temporary Chairman, Reporters, and Technical Advisors of Working Groups

.Monday, Feb. I - Santithaln Hall

8:30 A.M. Registration 10:00 A.M. Opening Session 1. Opening Remarks-Chairman of Conference Planning Committee, PIIRA PRAKAS SAHAKORN 2. Welcome on behalf of Government ofThailand and Opening Address-H.E. AIR MARSHAL MUNI M. VEJAYANT-RANGSRICit', Deputy Prime Minister and Chairman of the Thai Technical and Eco­ nomic Committee 3. Welcome on behalf of International Cooperation Administration-MILTON LOw:ELL, for WILLIAM J. SHEPPARD, Director of USOM/Bangkok 4. "Challenge of the Conference"-DR. E.V. AITON, Director of 4-H Club and Young Men's and Women's Programs of the United States- Conference Secretary 5. Announcements 12:00 Noon Recess for lunch 2:00 P.M. First General Session-Chairman of ConferencePlan­ ning Committee, PIIRA PRAKAS SAHAKORN, presiding I. Election of Chairman and Conference Officers (At this point M.C. LAKSHNAKARA KASHEMSANTA, alternate chairman, succeeded to the chairman­ ship) 2. Adoption of Provisional Agenda 3. Organization of Working Groups 4. Reports from National and International organi­ zations concerned with rural youth programs (10 minutes each) (a) UNESCO Fundamental Education Program- MISS MARIA TABELLINI-Cambodia (b) International Farm Youth Exchange-WARREN E. SctMnlr, Coordinator-Washington, D.C. (c) Food and AgrictltureOrganization-DR. HsIN PAO YANG-Rome (d) International Cooperation Administration-- BRICE M. MACE, JR., Chief. Agriculture Divi­ sion, USOM/Bangkok (e) Other groups 10 4:30 P.M. Adjournment

7:00 P.M. Buffet dinner, reception and classical Thai dance per­ formance, by courtesy of the Ministry of Agriculture, Santitham Hall

ruesday,. Feb. 12 - Santithiam Hall

9:00 A.M. Second General Session-Vice-Chairman ROEM PUR- NARIKSHA, Thailand, presiding Country Reports (25 minutes allotted to each; 15 minutes for report and 10 minutes for questions) -Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and Nepal 2:00 Noon Recess for lunch

2:00 P.M. Third General Session-DR. PROM TEPSAVONG, Vice- Chairman from Cambodia, Presiding Country Reports (continued)- Laos, Philippines, Republic of China, Thailand and Vietnam

4:30 P.M. Adjournment

Wednesday, Feb. 13 - Santitham Hall

9:00 A.M. Fourth General Session-KIRAN MANI DIKSHIT, Vice- Chairman from Nepal, presiding Case History Reports (60 minutes each; 40 minutes for presentation and 20 minutes for questions) I. Training Extension Workers for Educational Work V'ith Rural Youth-Japan 2. Agricultural Projects for Boys and Girls-Thailand 3. Home Economics Projects for Girls-Japan

12:00 Noon Recess for lunch

2:00 P.M. Fifth General Session-KADAR M ARWANI, Vice-Chair­ man from Indonesia, presiding Case Histories (continued)­ 4. Cottage Industry Projects for Boys and Girls- Indonesia 5. Teaching, Training Materials and Methods Used in Rural Youth Programs (bulletins, visual aids, exhibits, records, charts, etc.)-Republic of China

4:00 P.M. Review of exhibits, literature, and demonstration matarial (Each country to station one person to explain its exhibit and materials)

4:30 P.M. Adjournment 7:30 P.M. Evening Session-Delegates lounge at Ratanakosin Hotel I. Film-Cambodia (15 minutes) 2. Film-Cambodia (15 minutes) 3. Saling Music (bamboo flute)-MR. HASAN of Indonesia 4. Film on rural youth work in Thailand (30 minutes) 5. Film on 4-H in Republic of China (30 minutes) 6. Film by KIRAN MANiDIKStIT of Nepal(1Ominutes)

Thursday, Feb. 14 - Santitham Hall

9:00 A.M. Sixth General Session - SHOCHi NAKATA, Vice-Chair­ man from Japan, presiding Case Histories (continued)­ 6. Volunteer Leaders in a Rural Youth Program- Philippines 7. Assistance from Private Groups and Sponsors- Philippines and Korea 8. Proper Use of Incentives, Recognitions and Awards-Korea 12:00 Noon Recess for lunch

2:00 P.M. Seventh General Session-MR. KANG KEM Ci-IU, Vice-Chairman from Korea, presiding Case Histories (continued)­ 9. Arranging for Cooperation of Parents-Korea 10. Place of Music and Recreation in a Rural Youth Prograin-Vietrnain

4:00 P.M. First Meeting of Working Groups

5:00 P.M. Adjournment Free Evening

Friday, Feb. 15 - Santithamn Hall

9:00 A.M. Second Meeting of Working Groups

12:00 Noon Recess 2:00 P.M. Third Meeting of Working Groups

7:00 P.M. Evening Program at Ratanakosin Hotel. Program presented by Japanese delegation I. Filn-"Ashinuma," the Sankyo Visual Education Research Institute 2. Song of the 4-H Club, Japanese 4-H Club member delegates 3. Slides (a) Growth of Tsukechi 4-H Club in Gifu Prefecture (b) Rural Community Development Project of Wakatake, 4-H Club in Nagano Prefecture (c)How to Conduct Technical Contest Meetings, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 4. The 4-H Ondo (a Japanese lolk dance with song), Japanese 4-H Club member delegates 5. Film strips (a) "Forestry Groups of Watarase 4-H Club" (b) "Growth of Asagiri 4-H Club in Nagano Prefecture" (c) "4-H Camp of Yatsugadake 4-H Club in Nagano Prefecture" (d) "Our 4-H Club Activities" (e) Sights of Japan: "Modern Tokyo" "Tokyo and Its Environments" "Kyoto and Its Environments" 6. Soran Bushi- (a Japanese fisherman's folk dance), Japanese 4-H Club member delegates 7. Film-"Paddy Farming in Japan"

Saturday, Feb. 16 ­

9:00 A.M. Study Tour A-Kasetsart University (buses leave. hotel at 8.30 A.M.) 12:00 Noon Lunch given by the Rector of Kasetsart University 3:00 P.M. Buses leave for Bangkok Free evening

Sunday, Feb. 17 - Special sight-seeing tours of Bangkok arranged for all delegates, courtesy of the Ministry of Agriculture

Monday, Feb. 18 - Fourth Meeting of Working Groups

12:00 Noon Recess for lunch 2.00 P.M. Fifth Meeting of Working Groups 4:00 P.M. Meeting of Final Report Committee 4:30 P.M. Adjournment Free evening

Tuesday, Feb. 19 - Santithaln Hall

9:30 A.M. Eighth General Session-TIANrHONE CHANTHARASY, Vice-Chairman from Laos, presiding Round-table discussion-led by Working Group A Round-table discussion-led by Working Group B Round-table discussion-led by Working Group C 13 12:15 P.M. Special luncheon, Oriental Hotel, courtesy of BRICE MACE, JR.. USOM/Thailand, and The AmericanAs­ sociation-M.S. KEENEY, Regional Director-General, UNICEF, speaker 2:00 P.M. Ninth General Session-JUAN B. CAIBANOS, Vice- Chairman from Philippines. presiding Round-table discussion-led by Working Group D Round-table discussion-led by Working Group E Round-table discussion-led by Worknig Group F 4:30 P.M. Adjournment 7:30 P.M. Evening Session-RoEsi PURNARIKSHA, Chief Agricultural Officer, Department of Agriculture, Thailand, presiding I. Film-"Texas Friendship--Korea 2. Entertainment by Working Group F 3. Slides-4-H in Korea 4. Entertainment by Working Group F 5. Discussion of credit in financing rural youth pro­ jects, led by DONALD P. CARTER, Rural Youth Training Advisor, USOM/Thailand

Wednesday, Feb. 20 - Santithamn Hall

9:00 A.M. Fifth Meeting of Working Groups 12:00 Noon Recess for lunch 1:30 P.M. Study Tour B-Nonburi Province Demonstration, Yuwa Kasikorn program, Thai classical dance performance 4:00 P.M. Leave Nonburi by launch on the Chao Phraya River for Bangkok 5:30 P.M. Visit and tour, Bangkok Fish Marketing Organization

Thursday, Feb. 21 ­

8:30 A.M. Study Tour C-Nakorn Pathom Province. Buses leave from Ratanakosin Hotel 12:00 Noon Luncheon by the Governor of Nakorn Pathom Province 3:00 P.M. Return to Bangkok 5:00 P.M. Thai boxing, Rajdhamnern Stadium-guests of Ministry of Agriculture 7:30 P.M. Evening Session- Ratanakosin Hotel-LAo CI-TSING, Vice President from Republic of China, presiding I. "Day of Achievement"-4-H film from Philippines 2. "Philippine Medley"-song by Philippine delegates 3. "Easy to Make Blind Drainage"--film strip from Philippines 4. Japanese dance-Indonesian delegates 5. "4-T Work in Vietnam"- slides 14 6. Entertainment by Group F 7. Historical film on Sukothai-Thailand

Friday, Feb. 22 - Santitham Hall

9:00 A.M. Tenth and Final General Session-Buu LOAN, Vice- Chairman from Vietnam, presiding 1. Presentation of Final Conference Report-by ROEM PURNARIKSIIA, Conference Officer and Chair­ man of the Report and Recommendations Committee (a) Reading of the Final Report outline (b) Discussion and adoption of Working Group reports (c) Presentation, discussion and adoption of con­ ference rcconm endations 2. Presentation and discussion of Evaluation Re­ port-DR. C.W. CHANG-Chairman of Conference Evaluation Committee 3. Presentation of official conference photographs- WELLINGTON BRINK, Information Specialist, USOM/ Thailand 4. Other items

12:00 Noon Recess for lunch

2:00 P.M. Closing Conference Session-M.C. LAKSHNAKARA KASHEMSANTA, Director-General, Thailand Depart­ ment of Agriculture and chief of Thailand delegation, presiding I. Presentation of reports and recommendations, DR. E.W. AirON, Conference Secretary 2. Plans ahead-3i ici: M. MACE, JR., Chief, Agricul­ ture Division, USOM/Thailand 3. Message from FI.ID MARSIIA!. PIIN CIIUNAHIAVAN Minister of AgricultUre-IRA PRAKAS SAHAKORN, Conference Chairman 4. Message from EZRA TAIJ 3ENsoN, Secretary of Agriculture, WashinLton, D.C.-M.C. LAKSIINA- KARA KASIIF\MSAN IA 5. Acknowledgments and appreciation to Govern­ nient of Thailand -­ (a) For partici pating cotntries-UAN B.CABANOS, Assistant Agricultural Extension Director, Philippines (b) For youth dclegates--Le You OK, club mem­ ber, Korea 6. Closing remarks - PIIRA PRAKAS SAHAKORN, Under-Secretary of State for Agriculture, and Chairman, Con ference Planning Committee 7. Adjournment 15 Opening

Remarks

By

PHRA PRAKAS SAHAKORN

Under-Secretary of State

for Agriculture

and

Chairman of the Conferencel

Planning Committee As chairman of the Conference Planning Committee, Phra Prakas Sahakorn, Under-Secretary of State for Agriculture. reviewed the think­ ing that had gone into the preparations for the sessions, and suggested that the delegates Aould do well to "concentrate on a few important problems." Your Excellency, Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen. in the hope that the country delegates may find it possible to put them into practice upon returning to On behalf of the Conference Planning Coin- their home countries. Bearing this in mind, the mittee, I have the honor to report to you at this PlanningCommittee has worked out the provisional opening session how the Far East Rural Youth agenda and will propose to the Conference to con­ Conference has bcen prepared. As you know. this sider setting up working groups todiscussseparately conference is sponsored by the International Coo- and simultaneously the items listed on the agenda peration Administration of the United States of first, then report back to the conference in several of America, and the Government of Thailand was its general sessions for further reviews by all the requested to serv'e as host. This we gladly accepted. participants in the form of round table discussions. and necessary preparations have been made for the This will ensure an adequate discussion of all the conference. items listed within the time available. Perhaps this will be the most important feature of the Eleen countries of the region were invited to conference. send dLIlcUates to the Conference and. in addition. a few United Nations specialized agencies as well as The committee has arranged a few study tours a limited number of national organizations were to nearby places for the participants to see things also invited to send observcrs. Altogether about that are closely related to the topics of discussion. 150 peopl aic attending the conference today. These tours are for illustration as well as for relaxation. Since rural youth work is still in the early stage of development in most countries of the region. the Regarding the general welfare of the partici­ Planning Committee has thouglt it advisable not to pants during the conference, we have designated a disuss too many topics at this time, but rather to few officers to make this their concern. It is hoped concentrate on a few important problems, and let that all of you will find the conference profitable the conference have a thorough discussion of them and your stay in Bangkok enjoyable-and pleasant. 16 Welcome

to Thailand

AN ADDRESS BY His EXCELLENCY

AIR MARSHAL

MUNI M. VEJAYANT-RANGSRICHT CHAIRMAN--

Deputy Prime Minister

and

Chairman of the Thai Technical and

Economic Committee

Mr. Chairman. Delegates. Air Marshal Nluni m. Vejayant-Rangsricht, )eputy Prime Ni­ nister, opened the Conference (in behalf of the Government of Ladies and Gentlemen. Thailand. "It is earnestly hoped," he said, "that out of your deliberations you %ill developa plan for the benefit of rural youth that will fit into our cultural, social, economic and poli­ It gives me great pleasure to welcome, in the tical pattern." name of His Majesty's Government, the delegations to the Far East Rural Youth Conference. Thanks to the International Cooperation Ad­ ministration of the United States of America and In recent years the Government of Thailand other agencies. this government is better able has been host to many international meetings, but to embark upon a plan to attack many of the pres­ we are particularly happy to be host to the First sing problems in rural development, such as com­ Far East Rural Youth Conference everheld, because munication. health, agriculture, irrigation, voca­ we attach great importance to the development of tional education and other fields. Although much rural welfare, and particularly to the development progress is being made in all these fields, we must of rural youth on whom the future of the country admit that in view of the size of the rural population depends. we are only making a start. To accomplish this goal, the development of youth is most essential. Over 85 percent of the Thai population lives One might compare a nation to a tree. the root of in rural areas, a condition similar to that found in which is her culture, the trunk and the branches most countries of Asia and the Far East, therefore her general make up, her economy and her strength; the overwhelming majority of our youth are on the the leaves, her people and the buds, her youtt. If farms and in the villages. If it is true to say that the buds are protected from damage and well sup­ a Government can never rise above its people, it plied with essentials for growth, they will naturally is easy to understand why this Government is pay- develop into fine healthy leaves which will in turn ing much attention to the development of the rural help in the development and growth of the whole areas. tree. 17 Perhaps the 4-H cluborganization, as it exists in the United States of America, is one of the most effective organizations for developing rural youth. 4-H stands for head, heart, hand and health. The use of all of these for developing clearer thinking, greater loyalty and longer service to the community and for better living is the pledge of our rural youth today.

Thanks to the assistance of the ICA and its personnel in making the conference possible. There are in this conference hall representatives from II countries of the region, including extension directors, youth leaders and technical advisors from several international agencies. You are here to compare notes and exchange experiences. There was little trouble with communication. Translators were in glassed-in booths to handle English, Thai, French, It is earnestly hoped that out of your delibera­ .Japanese and Chinese, and headphone reception could be tions you will developa plan or plansfor the benefit switched to any of thes languages. Daily bulletins and mimeographed documents helped in keeping current with of rural youth that will fit into our cultural, social, proceedings. Half or more of the delegates had some economic and political pattern. understanding of E.nglish. Now let us examine some of the problems that This is a formidable challenge and I wish the our rural youth are facing today. Briefly, many of conference every success in meeting it. I also hope them are out of school and idle most of the time, as agricultural work is more or less seasonal. Some that all the delegates will enjoy their stay in this of them after finishing school do not return home, country and carry away with them a pleasant but drift away to cities to find employment and memory of the days spent in Thailand. opportunity, but most of them have to stay where they are. In other words they are not fortunate I now have the pleasure to declare this meeting enough to have a chance to develop themselves fully. open. Opening-Session Remarks By WILLIAM SHEPPARD Director, United States Operations Mission to Thailand

Mr. Chairman. Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen, rural youth organization to suggest to you. We are happy, however, to help you where we can to This is a unique conference the first of its kind work out what is needed and best for your own in the Far East, and only the second to be held country, because we think that the training and anywhere in the world. education of rural youth is important to all of us. We hope that out of your work the next two weeks, The objectives ofthe International Cooperation there will come some statements of need and some Administration in this conference are to help make principles which will help guide all of us in deciding it possible for you national leaders of youth educa- what emphasis and what help needs to be given to tional programs to come together, share ideas and educational work with youth. learn from each others' experiences. I feel certain we will find, within the next few days, that there are Another regional conference of this kind was several different ways of doing extension work with rural youth. Each of us in this field can bene- held in Ecuador last fall for the countries of Latin fit from the successes and the disappointments of America. The success in Ecuador emphasized the other countries, as we can in so many other fields, value of this type of international meeting. It suggested that leaders of rural youth activities in The International Cooperation Administration other countries would benefit by similar discussion, has no predetermined, highly organized scheme of comparing ideas, and chartingcourses for the future. 18 Boys and girls are very much alike, the world here again, this time to assist in the conference over. They have eager and receptive minds. They itself. like to work as a group. Give them the opportunity to learn, give them leadership and encouragement, Most ofthe nations of the Far East regard their give them the chance to work together on useful' land and people as their major resources. As interesting activities, and all boys and girls demonstrated by your presence here, your govern­ everywhere respond with en sand g- ments are well aware that the future progress. pros­ enhusiasm. com perity, and security of the whole region epend pish ment. very heavily on how well the youth of today are prepared for the responsibilities they must assume It is the purpose of the rural youth muvement tomorrow. to give these opportunities and this kind of leader­ ship and counsel to the young people growing up The responsibilities for which rural youth must on farmsand in villages. In this way it can be assured prepare are twofold. First, they must become that they will be better farmers, better homemakers, better farmers, because this is an era of rapid better citizens, better men and women. technological advance. Nations which do not keep pace with technological progress cannot be At !Ameeting of Far Eastern agricultural leaders secure and prosperous, and this applies to agricul­ in Manila in 1955, it was recommended that a tureas much as to industry. special confcrence on rural youth be held in the Far East at some future date. The Government of Second, rural youth must prepare for the res­ Thailand offered to serve as host for such a con- ponsibilities of citizenship. They must learn how to work together for the common good, how to orga­ ferenc and ICA ared to sponsor it. ICA has iowto plan. given encouragement, advice, and assistance to rural youth movements from the earliest days of This conference is testimony that the whole American technical cooperation. United States Far Eastern community is concerned about its technicians have been instrumental in helping to rural youth and is actively planning and working develop 4-H and similar club movements in various to prepare them for their future role. We of the countries. We are eager to assist in any opportu- United States International Cooperation Adminis­ nity to advance this valuable work in the Far East tration are happy to take part in your deliberation, Area. as we are grateful for the opportunity to share in helping in the advancement of this great movement Last fall Dr. .W. Aiton made a trip through in this part of the world. the Far East to prepare the way for this conference. As director of the United States Operations Most of you are now acquainted with him through Mission to Thailand, I wish you the highest measure the meetings and discussions lie held in all of your of inspiration, good fellowship, and enlightenment countries to gather your ideas of what should be through this conference. May you achieve rapid done. Later. in Bangkok, he made his recommenda- progress and success in rural work in your own tions to the planning staff. I am happy that he is countries. The Challenge of This Confrrence Address by E.W. AITON Director of 4-H Club and Y. M. W. Programs, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Mr. Chairman, Your Excellency the Deputj quent presentation of His Excellency Air Marshal Prime Minister, Honored Guests, Members of the Muni Mahasantana Vejayant- Rangsricht. Conference and Friends. Since the dawn of recorded history, man's struggle for survival, and for progress, has been It is one of the greatest rewards of my life to marked by his efforts to replace hate with love, be afforded the opportunity of sharing in your poverty with plenty, disease with health and longevi­ conference and your program this morning. I feel ty, ignorance with science and enlightenment. The humble, indeed, following the appearance and elo- prime force for these advancements, through the 19 3i,' ,

; '.ntrdic;% of :opening session. Chairmen of dhklegtiop . si at a hong arched desk behind appropriate ags aid IaIlne-I)ilock,. , centuri'., i \.klmt \%.call education. Ihe d elop- 3. -1o pro id,fir i .t;ih aItriculttr;il econionill\ in imnit ot, hotter educ'tioiial opportunities for rural I'utUr, Iar,\de elopi, SOUnd aid s ientilie southIs the chAllenI)c oI'this confetrelnce. attitdieds in rural oI\tith e:ta eirl\ age. Ihere '1- e, i ilsmommoln. dcll iii itors 4 lo prolide opportiil\ or represelntati CSof tlat 11-ea, LuIMCrsal ,,the desire 01" parents to ofler Southeast .sia countrie's to e\amlie their their children i hcttcr s orld and a hetter Chance resourcos and needs for rural education pro­ for suce.' than tilhcteo.cd thcincl\es. I haie lralllsInd IlWkc lans for !.ttll'e de'elopmenlt. obsere d tllis iparnttl atspiration inl 27 coun 1triC,. 5 To e pt I hr I he liese %%Ccanillas.stInt it . c\ist ncet C 1sanT 111'a1\s111. oadnoi.o p e r nti, ,'t1r f o r i n Ibclies e it is proper to assume also at the , tional Cooperation and e\Chilce of informatiorn of thiaillnport'tlit Ctilll'rcllcc th t pro!.ClSs .111d and leadership aniiuoig the several organizations thnd noionrisnlnr hlatipte.n ad\anlcmellnt of' our Cis ilu'atioln depenCds upn t a o r e n thiiucs: (I) eachit of \neth lke Ze'1this timeIC to learn,, atnd atccepts the bst k noMsledcc, ,kills and pMi an Larli. attitude, ()Ithe c-,nCrAtion Mshich preceded it,and Compliment to Phra Prakas Sahiakorl and mii,mbers (2) bo\ itich ness djscos r>, rccircli and Ulder- of the c r monertce laininc cinlllltt e\ hich he standinid oheads. or morep than ,i. moths they hal\'enmet tion. 'retfrlquetx an11dssorked long and hard o hliearrztle­ ieti rtaawell;iais a, tn the agenda f'o)i this first Rural i Secll, t')finlthalt thotic\ are ecificall\ and Youtli Conference c' er\i hel l this important part propcrlx rccte ie/cd in the lise ohjccti cs or pur- of the world. lhe sicnilicant results which will be poses hich s crc desloped ssith xour Couilntrx realied in the \ears ihead atrc aidistinct tribute to spo soring coinmittees sMhn I ssas pri ilegcd to their Sisioti and their conscientious eforts. We mwe visit With \0ouIlat fall. FleS are: them a hich measure of' rtiitude. I. To help pairticipating coultries ain a broader knos ledge and per,,pectic of' the importance The Confellcrence com1mitelC ha's Urged ine to sax ofeducatio ii v'.ork ssith rural ,outh. a fesw words a hout ho\ rural youth programs 2. To help countries de elop effCctive methods began in the tlnitcd States and why. I can do this and procedures for giving educational assistance with complete frankness, because it started about to rural Nouth. the beginning of this cCntur>, before I \%as born. 20 It began in many places at about the same time. church clubs or group recreation. Adults had lod- Many persons had an influence on its beginning. ges, civic clubs and farm organizations. But farm A.J. Brundage, who is here with the Taiwan boys and girls had none of these. The idea of rural delegation today, was one of the first of our great young people having clubs of their own was startling state 4-H Club leaders. He started the program at first. But soon we came to realize that meeting for the stale of Connecticut in 1913, before there and working together, serving as oflicers. learning to was a national appropriation act for it. Even speak or conduct meetings and planning their own before this there \ere many boys' and girls' agricul- club programs was excellent training for demo­ tural clubs, home ecooniic clubs and nature cratic citizenship. stLud clubs. These ho\s' and cirls" clubs Crew otLIof a set But for the sake of' brevity I must resist the ol problems and needs xxhich existed throughout temptationtellpitill011'Citll-l 1 r It)o011g pageIs out of our hIistory. 01' COL~trv. For cxi, mpl. ix brother and I gfe\\' May I sa\ onl that I believe the fact that we now unhavea1farm1neaismaladuaites 20 million Or ouit oFour 4-H we journev'd to towin For school or marketinig, Club novemnlCt in tile United States isa great force lie Liilt0erelcccs bct\\ecn us and or city cousins was lor progress anid it has helped to elevate agriculture xerx obvious. Our clothlies, our speech m~nners,ind and rural life ot of the drudgery stage to i place oar habits and our lack of sclf-coiifidcncc set us of dignity and equality in oui nation. Now, let's sole\hat a1part f11rom1xill:iC box s aid girls \\10 rettlrn to the present aidLI to this coinference. clIjo\d more ad10 nt e,S. Our rural schools wrCrc The 14 points or principle, that follow are the not so good its the city schools. Farm boxs iuld resuit of observations iade I roiii the programs irl.,, had 'eCrocial. cultural and vocatioial and literat0u'e of" neax' thirt' countries. including opportlllitiCs. One reasoil for starting rural ourWouth owii. IliCV' arc acan h be educational xxork \ws to help ciLIalii/c the Used as specilic steps to be 101 lo\cl in organizingia opportunities of tarm \outh, to make their lite proUram in an siiiglC country. I present them niore attracti\e, to dinify farming and rural life hre only or the pLrpos of drawigii toCether some in tile c\Cs and the att itudes of our reople, of the experiences \xiich precede our cl'Orts today. Aiiother reason for starting cxtcnsion \%ork The pas,,t is hilt prologue I'or the I'uture, and I hope with \ out 11\was to dCx c1op in t lie mi 1dS of' growing that a re\ised and more iseful set of' principles will bho\s and girls a recepti\ attitud to\xard scieiicc he stilla'ted b\ thc \\ork and thinkin of this con­ and resca rch and iinproved tecliology as p;Irt of fereice. The\ shold be both timie-tcsted and their liCs and habits. Our a.,riCu!tural industry w:IS culRrallv.l adafpted to the Far Fast area ofthe world, beset by main problcIls. 1 he cotton boll weevil, i'they are to be ofpractical worth. insect and pLathololical problCs in fruit, food s1poi age, storage insects, li xeStock and polmtry FIourtcen prinilcipIes or salieit f'catt. es of a diseases aid manu\ other proheiii, resisted all tle successful progran for rural youth fol loxw: effortis of scicience search until to help I. The progr.in should be edhucitional-based on our rural \outh to learn carl\ iln life that modern science, fact and tile results of rcsearch. It should brine an economic advaantage to those hiiher income ailld setter li\in1. WC fouild that who try it. h\ looking alhetd tel \cars thcC tg ipeople xc xwonuId hecnilc tile lCadeis of la rn productiou aitd 2. It should be geared to the home and conimuni­ rural iiproxeicit, ty. OnY a miimm of national or offici: B, somei ortunatc Stroke of '(ixinc providcnce control is nceded. our early rtural outh prograus x1\ere dcsigned and 3. Rural yout hiwx'or1 is practical, learn-by-doing started by cducators x ho had a ,)oi LinLdlerstanding expericilce. locallh adapted to real-lif'e situl­ of xllal bo\s and !irls nccd -andxxant. They joined lions. It is flexible. It demonstrates laws hands x ith .!olin l)CxC\' cad lis progr ssi\e school ofca use aiid efcot. oi'Cfl!fcators. lhe\ made learninglu fin, b\ adopting 4. It makes io political. racial. economic or the dciiioustration project or home practice idea. religious discrimination. It Should beavailable I-he\ used mil\ different metlhods to teach the at no cost to all who x\ill put forth tilie indivi­ samc 'acts br I leti is.. xisna IS. dciiionst rations. dual cfl'ort a:d self-help ncessary to enjoy it. pr;IctiCc and use of the hands, exhibits and fairs. All of' these \crc LIsed in the process that \ ctern 5. It builds family unity and is dependent upon "l.earn by Doinli. parental cooperation and support. Back in those early days city hoys and girls 6. It contributes to better home, farm and had more social opportunitics. sLIch as scouts, community life. 21 7. It is founded onl the demonstration method. mold orshape their own destiny-to provide cduca­ This is particularly significant in cultures where tional tools that will more nearly bring their hopes the ability of individuals to copy, and imitate and dreams into tile light of reality-to make rural is well developed, life and the vocation of farming more productive 8. The program teaches the importance of work. and satisfying-to insure against the miseries and It stresses the relationship of effort expended dangers of a rural peasantry. I submit that the to results achieved, means are inour minds and our hearts for develop­ ing here and now the basis for eventual coinqICest 9. It isdesigned to give dignity and status to rural of man's most ancient ofenemies-ignorance, poverty, youth by public acclaim for their efforts and disease and misunderstanding, through a compre­ progress. hensive program of education for rural youth. 10. It enhances the vocation offarming and home­ making and gives them importance in the eyes To many of us it is especially signilicant that of everyone, we have young people here to share with us as we discuss the problems and needs of boys and girls. II. It is based on democratic principles and It is appropriate also that we have local volunteer procedures. leaders, area workers and repres-ntativcs of private 12. It is fun, but useful. citizens'councils as well as national leaders and administrators in our conference body. We re­ 13. It iscoeducational and helps to develop whole- present all levels and segments of' those who will sonic attitudes of boys and girls :oward each other and toward the importance of family life. • canbe affecteddoubt bythat hattheis plannedoutcome andmultst decided. he positive.Wvho 14. It develops leadership and concepts ofservice progressive and practical? above sell'. Thank you very much for the opportunity and In summary, the challenge of this conference is the inspiration of' being here and sharing in your to design programs that will help young people to deliberations.

Opening Remarks

By M.C. LAKSHNAKARA KASHEMSANTA Chairman, Thailand Delegation: Presiding Officer, First General Session

Ladies and Gentlemen, with the support of USOM, who came in with the funds and personnel. the first youth club was formed I feel it a great honour to sit in the chair of the in Chachoengsao in that vear. The movement first Far East Rural Youth Conference being held rapidly spread over Thailand inithe form of 4-1 in Bangkok, attended by delegates often Asia coun- clubs similar to those in the United States. tries. Last October a similar conference was held in Ecuador attended by delegates of eight Latin The original idea of producinp suLflicient food American cou ntrie.. In Thaiaid, in a thickly- aId other Ieqt iremenls for the fanil y.when carried populated area such aS in the Northeastern provinces, out in a scientilic and proper way in ilil the countrics a limited area in their possession can hardly produce represented at this conference we may hope ,wiil lead sufficient food and needs for tlieir growine families. tile youinger generation to carry out the task of This is a suhject o1 niuchI concCrn to the Thai producinig sutflicicit food and other requirements Government. so a program was put till to train tle not only for their own growing 'aniilies, but also children inlthose areas in Vinrious tcNieultuiral for tie growing world population -and with profit. pursuits, so as to afford these children an opportui­ nity to make use 0if tile arild initheir possession to I hopL this coiiference will be a successful the fullest capacity. Owing to shortage of funds and one, but its success depends on the concerted efforts personnel the prograni was iot iinoperationi until ofall delegates of this conference. I sincerely hope 1953 when FAO started a similar program inthe that all of you will have enjoyable times here and province of Chiachoengsao, with the consultation of that Bangkok will remain a pleasant memory when Thai oflicial. . The two programs were united and you return home. 22 Response on Behalf of the Delegates

By LIAO CHI-TSING Head of Republic of China Delegation

Mr. Chairman, Your E.xcellency., Honorable course of world peace and freedom, and cooperate Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen. spiritually, technically, and academically, we shall be able to raise the living standard of the people of It is a great pleasure for mc to say a few words the Free World. at the opening ceremonies of the First Far East Rural Youth Conference on behalf ofthedelegations We are very glad to have the opportunity to from ten countries. First orall, I wis~i to express come to the beautiful city of Bangkok and attend our appreciation for the arrangement ofthis confer- such an interesting conference. We not only once and the help which was given by the Thailand believe that we can learn many things from each Government and the ICA Mission to this country. other, but we will also strcngthen the friendship among us. The delegates of1each country came from vari­ ous places of the Far East. Naturally, their We hope that the Far East Rural Youth Con­ airicullttural and ed ucational conditions may not ference will be held once a year and that each coun­ he the same. However. I believe that our needs and try has a chance to be chosen as the site of the problems on rural youth arc quite similar. We conference. To the success of the conference! lirmlv believe that if all the countries follow a Thank you very much.

Report on UNESCO Mission to Camb ;dia

By MARIA TABELLINI

The UNESCO program ofTechnical Assistance The UNESCO program in Cambodia started for Fundamental Education concerns especially in 1952, first with a survey of local conditions in rural people. young and adults, men and women rural areas and with some recommendations who need to improve their living conditions. concerning a Fundamental Education Program made by two experts sent from the Organization. A fundamental or basic education program, These recommendations were accepted by the considering all the fundamental problems of rural Royal Government of Cambodia. which created people incconomlicallyunderdc\'cloped arcas(health. immediately a special service for Fundamental food. agricult Lre. housin., literacy. community Education, ittached to the Ministry of Education, life) is rcally suIccessful it' people themselves give and requested the cooperation of a UNESCO their cooperation to the program and if national Tcchnical Assistance Mission for helping the and local althoritiCs. Volnntar\ bodies. youth Cambodian progra i in its development. organizations. take their own responsibilities. UNESCO assists the countrics and orglanizations in Two Cambodian educators who have already their first steps and helps in making preliminary started sone kind of activities inthis field were stir\cVs of the situation. preparing plans. training granted a UNESCO fellowship and spent several future leaders, giving technical assistance to the months in different countries in Europe and Ameri­ established programs. but it doe, that when govern- ca where they studied and coiipared experiences, ments and organizations ask for t hat and wish to methods, and techn iquties of adult aiad findamental Join UNESCO in its efforts for a Fundamental education. One of them now is Mr. Men Chlhum, Education campaign concerning nearly two-thirds Director of the Fundamental Education Program of the world population and \which Would be in Cambodia and a delegate to this conference. impossible to carry on without national and local Another delegate here, Mr. Dahn Huynh, will soon participation. visit other countries and youth organizations with 23 a UNESCO fellowship and better contribute later improvement of houses, digging of wells, home on to the development of his country and of economics, agriculture, animal and poultry husban­ Fundamental Education. dry, handicrafts, health programs, social and community life. The UNESCO Mission to Cambodia now Details will be given by the Director of Fun­ is composed only of three members but 7 other damental Education but I ish to underline that specialists will join the Mission in 1957, and among these activities are essentially practical because them one expert in agriculture who will he sent by pese a vities ae setal l tial c a e FAO. The Mission is working with the Director people have to look and see theresults and conpare of Fundamental Education for evervthing which them with previous methods, but they are always concernsplorant planning and organization and tle train- related to the principles ofcooperation and selfhelp, cncer 1a ladonilatot tht thpro social responsibility and consciousness that rural ing program, hut I aml glad to tell v'ou that the pro- liecnb grain is carried on by the Cambodians thenl iselves life can be ipoeimproved throughhoutheefrt the efforts offalh all the and that the UNESCO role is mainly technical and neiiers ofthc COn initv. coni< "Itati\ e. Fhe progra in is linanci:llv supported The country is not poor in itself', but needs b ' and )NI and close cooperation exists among all problems exist there as everywhere, and natural Ii. ,,ices andagencics. nwtional and international, resources. especially in tile ficld of'agriculture, havc intL rcstcd ill the ccoiiomical dcvclopicnt of Cambo- to be better known and employed, and dia people through rural ducation. have to cooperate in this program. Ed ucation tried to create a new spirit a1nio youn g people Cambodian lu adamental cducators have achiev- ilot Vet organiZiitCd bat alCreA'd: interested in what is ed good restIlts in the experimental villages of 10 going Oil ill their villages. and UNESCO Mission provinces, where teanm of educators, especially will do its best by civilig its cooperation to Cambo­ trained at the National Centre of I-uindamental dian people and to all those who are trying to help Education, work for raising the standard of living them in the same field in this new task, so important of rural communities through several activities- for the economical and social development of their c\cning courses of literary and practical subjects, county.

International Farm Youth, Exchange

By WARREN E. SCHMIDT Coordinater, the International Farm Youth Exchange, National 4-H Club Foundation

It is a privilege and a pleasure to attend this States have been exchanged for 840 young people first Far East Rural Youth Conference as a repre- from participating countries. Several of the countries sentative of the National 4-H Club Foundation represented at this meeting have participated in of the United States. Along with Mr. Aiton, I this exchange, notablyJapan. Nepal, the Philippines, bring you the greetings and best wishes of our 4-H and this year the Republic of China is participating. Club movenment-its icibers, leaders and friends. This meeting is symbolic of our shrinking world, In the United States, IFYE is conducted by the and I'm sureiimarks the beginninu of an era of National 4-H Club Foundation and the Coopera­ steadily increasing commtLicatioll and coopera- tivc Extension Service. Before describing the tion in areas ol'mutual interests. IFYE program in more detail, I would like to say a word about the National 4-H Club Foundation. In an effort to huild better understanding and This is a private Educational Organization which establish closer relations with VoutIh movements was ceatcd to serve the 4-I-I Club movement. It similar to our own. the International Farm Youth is currently providing four major services: Exchange was established in 1947 and 1948, with an (1) It isestablishiri in Washington, D.C.aNational exchange of 17 vouting Americans and 12 young 4-H CtissbC gl'llli eh t, fCaciltiosfo people from venpeope European outries. Since thenCente which illoffer acilitis for Fu-Op,11fom evel Contris. il ce hennational and international nieetings and serve the program has crown steadily. Last year, for I national ee- i ee example, we sent 125 youiig people to about 50 countries inall parts of the free world and received (2) It conducts a citizenship improvement study 180 exchangees from abroad. With the completion which re hope will help to strengthen the ofthe 1956 program, 755 persons from the United citizenship aspects of our 4-H Club program. 24 (3) It provides training workshops for extension zations, women's clubs, and many other organiza­ 4-H workers in the fields of human develop- tions and individuals contribute to funds raised at ment and relations, and country and state levels. The national 4-H Club (4) It provides tie national administration, and Foundation raises the balance of the money needed contact with other countries, in carrying out from private sources at the national level. Ordina­ the I FYE program. rily, we share the expenses of an exchange with the cooperating country and the expenses ofthe visiting Now. for those countries not familiar with tile exchangecs while they are in the United States, program, I would like to outline briefly how the while the cooperating country is responsible for IFYE program operates. Participants are carefully the travel of its exchangecs to the United States and selected young people between ages 20 and 30, for tle expenscs ofours during their visits. Lill married and with a farmn background. Partici­ pantsvisit their host cou~ntrics for periods of between Finally, I should mention that IFYE is finding 5 and 6 months, living as much1 as possible wvith an important place in the special "people-to-people" larmfamilies an1d among tilerural people. Thus, program instituted by President Eisenhower. intie 4-H "learning by doi n'" tradition, IFYE With the stimulation and aid of IF1YE, the "4-H learns a way of life by livin- it. Butilding on the people" program will be bringing 4-H members in conmion bonds of farm people and similar youth touch with rural yoting people in similar movements nmoiovements., IFYE participaints discover tie basic abroad increasingly in the years ahead. ,imilarities of' people everwhiere and learn to accept and understand tile diflerenccs arisinglfrom Before closing, Iwant tosavthat wcare anxious the \arietv of man's enmironmient and experience, to extend our cxchangc to other countries when They share ideas and stimulate fruitful contacts financial support and tconditions permit. At the and friendships. helping to bridge tlie distance same time, we are equally anxious to see exchanges and tile lanuc barriers hicli sIpaItie tLS. Of between other countries develop. There are many elual importance. they learn to know themselves advantages in exchanges within a region of the and their own coLunitry better. itIs providing world such as represented at this meeting. If any leaders with broadere horizons and deeper perspec- one is interestcd in discussing the IFYE program tives, qualities which Will be necded in tomorrow's in more detail: or if. from our experience, we could world, offer helpful suggestions regarding the establish­ While in the United States, we provide the ment of similar exchanges betwcen other countries, exchangees family living and 4-H club experiences please call on us. As I said in tile beginning, I in two States. To help them receive the greatest believe we are just entering an era of expanding bcnelit from their experience. special orientation contact and mutual cooperation among nations. and evaluation sessions are held on their arrival. I am sure this meeting will make a significant at the mid-point of their stay and just before return- contribution toward this end. ing home. Increasing emphasis is being given to a longer and more intensive preparation ofall parti- Rural Youth Work of PA0 cipants to maximize their eflectiveness. Ihlasm ucl Isonh1\ a few individuals can have extendthis sort the of influenecexperience, of alllIFYevery Eeffort participants. is made Allto By HSIN-PAO YANG exedie1 particint. AFood and Agriculture Organization are eIcouraged to share their with itsaxperiences many others as possible, both in their host countries United Nations-Rome and on returning home. As an example of their FAO congratulates the Government of reporting, wre found in 1955 that the first 600 United Thailand and the International cooperation States delcgates had given over 50,000 talks to some Administration of the United States of America for iln sponsoring and arranging for the Far East Rural four mil lion people. addition. they had appeared youth 0il 5.000 radio and IV programs and had written Youth Conference in which leaders of rural meet here in the ovtr 2S.000 newspaper and magazine articles, movements in dilr'ent countries Add to this the thousands of host families direct, beauttiful city of Bangkok to tell their stories involved, and one can see the tremendous outreach and to exchange personal exr,erienccs in improving of'thae program, agricultural communities and in enriching rural life IFYE is a "'grass-roots'" program. It is a through organized rural youth work. We have program ofand by the people. In the United States here an assemblage of' builders, architects and no government funds are used to finance tile ex- pathfinders of' rural lif'e and national uplifting and changes. Four-H Club members, farm organi- we may look towards this gathering for inspiration, 25 encouragement and mutual support for the great Op inR tasks of social reconstruction and rural community eni -Session Remarks development which put Asia today at the forefront of world affairs. By BRICE M. MACE, .JR. C.W. Chang has made ;4n interesting, highly Chief, Food and Agriculture Division significant remark about Asia: "A new Asia is in United States Operations Mission to Thailand the making: there is no other region in the world that is so much on tile move as is Asia and the Far East Mr. Chairman, Delegates, Ladies and Gentleme, today. There arc both internal and external forces of tremendous magnt tide at work.- The United States Operations Mission to One of the tremendous internal forces at work Thailand has been assisting tile Ministry of Agri­ is tile interest taken by the young generations in the culture of the Government of Thailand nation-building prograns taking place in almost in rural youth club organization and dcvelopment.since 1954 orpresented here t Ti high This joint program isan important and integral part every countr\ cry ntdhr today. high ofe ''"' idealisi. the hopes and expectations amongst of agricultural development in which the Food these countries to build lice nations Out of old and Agriculture Division of USOM cooperates with ones long distinguished by their ancient cultures the various departments ofthe Ministry ofAgricul­ can neve fail to ui-prcss visitors aid friends from ture. other regions. Ilk o1the youngriti~ism people in these countries for the emancipation of' the We of USOM are enthusiastic about tile youth coInlilOr IiiIan ci nlIc\er fail to draw sympathetic club program because we believe that people supporters arc aid appreciati\oe andiences to receive the most valuable resource of any country. We their ncssae and to hicar their stiiniiatinn stories, recognize that progress comes with less difticultv to young people than to older ones. Thereforc. \\e FAO appreciatcs the i vitation of' tie Govern- are convinced that Ouir greatest lastinrg contribution ment to be represented at this iieeting FAO wel- can be made by assisting to develop tile hun,11ii comes this opportunitv to imake friends with tile resources throuigh educa tiori and training focussed rural \outh leaders and to p'articipatcin thediscus- on youth. Through this we know that we sion are of in\i vvital and interesting subjects which aiding the people of Thailand to build wisely for the have been so caretfullv selected for exchange of ideas future by providing the youth of today with better and experiences. means f'or solving the problems oftheyears tocome. I should like to in vite \oll kind attention to a The youth club project is a part of' a much few essential points which bear significant relation to rural yotth work. larger extension and home economics progranl. We knowthiat many farmers with low incones can not First of all. FAO has a i interCt in rura.il VOtlth take the risks of' making major changes in their work because of' our nain concern with world-wide farniig practices. They must be certain that needs for more aind better production of food and such ciaiiges Will not jeopardize the livelihood of agericuItural raw ialerials, their families. Their children, however, with the knowledge they receive through the youth clubs, What \\c seek t( accomplish in rural youth can often make cfl'ective derionstrations right work on the is. 1111011, othCls to elicouiirace tlie Vou r Ur horne irrrii under the ces of the parents and generation. pa rticularly in the so-called under- neighbors. Inrthis way. new practices in ifirming dcveloped countries, to participate actively in and in farn living arc brought to the level of rural production. to learn and apply nv' and improved people and tried out under the .C "", - . methods and practices l'or iio -e flicient production. fari people. If' these new thins are suicecssf'ur and also to acquire ice\\ ideas of 'living on a higher on tile farni, there is a strong possibility that thes level of corfort, s'tt;laction and security, will be made a part of the farm ofperations- if'tile\, are not successful. no great harri is done. It is ha rdl necessars to stress tie need and importance of irnproI inc iMi conditions of tire Besides providing direct advantages through people. with distinct erillasis on the material as- better farming methods. tile rural yOtlth lClubs a1so pects of' people's livelihood. There is no disagree- develop leadership in farm areas and a more com­ ment whatsoever W1111 LIS,ith respect to the over- plete concept of the rights and obligations of farn all requirements of vocational training in agriculture peop!e. In the years to come, as social and economic (See I:qO--Pave 75) (See MACE Page 30) 26 COUNTRY REPORTS

E ACH delegation presented to a general session a statement of the rural youth situation in its home country. This statement supplied a basic fund of information on the history of the rural youth movement, its extent, its organizational form, financing and administration, progress and problems. It was useful to working groups and committees, and itprovided other delegations with helpful viewpoints, ideas and experiences for the improvement of their own programs.

Coiritry Report Cambodia is conscious of the necessity for bringing together rural youth to meet their needs, C AM BO DI A We are aware that our natural resources are not fully utilized and that our future economy must count on the youth. Cambodia is aware that it is to cur C AMBODIA has no youth program on a na- country's interest to improve the education and the tional scale. For many years Cambodian youth sti, dard of living of rural youth by bettering work­ had been identified with school youth, but we are ing conditions. With this in mind. we have sent to now becinninu to make other plans. We were ob- the United States, with American economic aid, icd 'o use the material at hand and it is the youth nine young Cambodians. anong whom are live from schools and colleges who fulfilled these girls. They will remain four nlonlhs in America conuditiorls. for acourse in nutrition for rural areas.

T'he scout mo e[nIent has been incorporated In response to LIUICStion 5, it was pointed out into Ith Cambodia Scouts Association with 1,762 that the Ministry of AgricueL at present does not ho\ ,scouts and 72 girl scouts. The "Yuvan" budget funds for special youth work. niovement was inlstituited in 1941 anionge sciptol It was fu rtler pointed out that the Yuvan pupils. It disappeared in 1946. movenrcnt, started in 1941, ceased in 1946, and These two earlier programnis emphasized upright one of the reasons may be the absence of a sound character, the love of one's fellow beings, and a and effective cconomic base. feling of solidarity. lhev were a preface to developing a sentiment of civic duty and a really In res 10 to 1 live in Cambodia, itwas national patriotism. They\ were not connected o itithpractical xocat ionaimtters. replied that the information is not available.

At present ',c are ('.\perinlienltiigi on . small In response to another question, it was ,,alew\ith rural outhItl oioeents as a part of our answered that there is one National School of Agri­ 1undamCntil (or Basic) -ducation Service. With culture and the Vocalional School of Agriculture of issistance of UNFESCO. the prtograll includes 117 Prck Leap. There are also a Trade School and a ,.ounii\WOnien vica rs who are fearning a trade. School of Fine Arts in Cambodia. In the sa me vilIdla ges tie \.Ung people form groups teach and assist their colllrIdCs il an all - out iovenient aa inst illiteracv. Coii try Report Youith association1s such aIs exist in the United States are still lacking but the mentioned atbo~c are the first stepmodest toward beginnings a more IN D 0 N E S I A natio ;lly orga nized nimenicit. -The attempts made thus far are undertaken 7 HE country vice chairman from Indonesia ex- by the Basic Education program in the experimental T pressed his country's sincere appreciation to villages and "ire almost cntirely subsidized by the Thai Government and ICA for the invitation American econoriic aid. A staff of 83 teachers and opportunity to participate in this conference. ( Fundaimental educators) recruited from the educa- He expressed a lack of experience in rural South tional services and assisted by specialists from work but at the same time appreciation for this op­ UNESCO are paid from the national budget funds. portunity to benefit from the experiences of other 27 *~i?,i_., countries in South East Asia. President Soekarno . :-.,i says, "Have the youth and you will have the future. Give me a thousand labourers and I will move a m1ountain. But givenme 10 youngsters. and I w~ill change the world.- Mr. Marwa i reported that one of the major IMnctions of' the :,eople's Agricultural Service in ... , k , iIndonesia i,; extension work. It hias always been concerned with the increasing of food production. - With the dcvelopment of ctension work attention L is paid also to tie increase of production of con­ mcrcial crops in rural areas. A major problem is ___-_- "to mect the demand f'or food and raw material within the country and to increase ''We em phasize the farmer and hiisexports. fa iy~ tHehr said.", .lapan's strong, %%ell-halaneedaggregalion, dich included six "W e emphasize pre garniS a nd o tach of the older club members, i:os in charge of Tokuzo Tatsuno. rural education programs designed to teach Mrs. Eni Shimizu, standin-,g at e Ir,'mc right. %%as as popular yolth and adtlts tile tecliniques and iinportalnce of os she Ias usefuil. better crop cultivation, irrigation, fertilization. effective control of pests and diseases and use of better farming tools...... "Educational trainine courses which run from six months to two years are oflered to farners and thcir Iamilies. These are designed for three groups -­ older, more mature families, votng farmers, and f'armi worten. Cour1ses for extenisioni workers arc designed for those who will be in charge of con- Cf- / Iiiunity centers. We oler initial training for new workers and refreshcr courses for older personnel. " ...... ; ,:: ; '--3 ; . :'',;.€( J ,a cWithnge camie the proclaimingabout wt ofre ottard r Rcpuiblicto the IPeople'sin 1945 i AeriCUltural Service. We now cmphasize " tile farmer ,., l," and his familv rather than the land lie is workin, upon. Since 1954 we have gi, en special attention to rural votitl. Observations in foreign cotmtirics by several agricultural inspectors resulted in the The (ambodian delegation headed by )r. Prom Tep development of educational groups or classes for Saang (behind name block) and including USOM's Louis mature farmers, for f11r'1n Wolllen and for boys anid Fontenot, Jr.. butionto the I.roceedings,as technical advisor, made a notable contri­ girls. Youth :-Iubs wcrc formed in the villages. The program is not \elt nationwide but some pro­ vinces are making good progress. The work is a Lone delegate from Nepal Aas Kiran ,Mani part of the educational division of the People's t)ikshit, chief of the Extension Training Agricultural Service. No uni\crsal namc is ttsed School. isho had just returned from special in Indonesia but the name initials selected by the studies in the United provinces emphasize the spirit of' patriotism, faith. - Slates. This one man, brain, skill and health for better service to the mdest and competent, comlltl nity. nation and cout ntry. multiplied himself in sersice to the common "Objectives of the People's A-'rictutural cajse. Service include : '(a) Helping the boys and girls to explore their abilities, skill and brains. ''(b) Keeping them up-to-date by giving the latest information oin recent developments. '-(c) Encouraging the boys and girls to greater mt,tal aid and understanding, at home as well itselsewhere.

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C cIII... ix.lid J\L11duui Ifll 110Itlp .S \'s'uh trilig idiu11i uennili iiuei - I 1111I~ oll\ it29 "Some of the expenses are met by a subscrip- Country Report tion fee but individual projects are financed by the members. The general budget of the People's Agricultural Service assists with prizes and recog- J A P A N nitions. These are mostly of a commodity nature. "Since the youth1 program is a part of the regu- I HE rural youth program by extension in Japan lar activities of the local extension worker, no T began in August 1948 when the Agricultural special training is given to them. A love of thcjob Improvement Promotion Law was enacted and the is an inspiring factor. We feel that e are on the new program of agricultural technique Extension threshold of further expansion and development. Service was initiated. It is presently divided into but we face many difliculties such as limitation of two major scgmcnts: "4- H Clubs", composed of budget, lack of expcrience. shortage of skill, the youths less than 20 years old. and "Farm Stud\ absence of sponsors. etc. 1 he last xsord is not vet Youth Clubs". composed of bo\s and virls betwecl spoken. A good start can be shown The future 21 and 25 years of age. Iel'opnient %,sfurthcr is promising. '" increased under the youth club \work policy established in 1950 and has been on atrapid increasc In response to Icfstion.S 'ronl tile floor. Mr. since. It is currently sponsored by: (a) Extension Marwani elaborated on his report with the follow- Division, Development Bureau. MIinistry of Ayri­ ing information: The People's Agricultural Service culture and Forestry: (b) agricnItural improvement cooperates sitl the Ministry of Education and the section of each prcfct nr:i1 government, aid mass education service. There is no uniform name (c) The Japan 4-H Association (i private group for the tithi progral bhecause it is felt that tile of sponsors). provinces should adjust to their o\n interests. The fulnction of' tile program will stand on its own Currently. there arc about 307,000 yotrig feet-a uniform name is not important. Assistance people enrolled. Of this number. 264.000 are bos, is given to all ages according to interests and needs, and 43,000 are girls. There are 19.760 clubs aind There is no need to integrate the youth and adult 24,430 volunteer local leader,. Of' this number prograii within the Ministr\ because tile courses 22,500 are men. The:'e are an averag-e of four are all of a sUIbject-iitter nit lrC. includin methods. clubs or grou ps per rtrural communitv practices and tchniqLICS that arc adjusted to the age groups. There arc no local volunteer leaders The professional staff' in Japan inCludes three in the program. About 90 percent of the partici- workers at the national levlI, one to three workers pants are past elementary school. hut most are still in charge of the work at the prefectural level, about in high school. Up to tle present most of the \'otg 10,400 farm advisors, and 1.500 home advisor,. people would he classed aseltirate. Not all of the advisors work fuill time on \ outl work. A home economics program has just been Reference is made to the lapanese Case H i­ started which w'ill irilde the following courses: tory on training of extension workers for votli home improvement. horie naigecment. health, work. High standards of project performiance nutrition, clothin. famiil relations. poultry hus- have recently been included in the program. These bandry, community relationships, food preparation standards have decreascd the nemibcrsliip in clubs and preservation. cxtension. village survey. child but i-ncreased the ,'Csults to each member. Iidi­ care and guidance. The entire program is called vidual projects now cover i fairly long period. improvement of' fmil life. The participants arc They are selected by the individUaJ members and high school graduates and about 90 percent are they include learning by doing and problem-solin graduated froni th agricultural high school, by doing, plus the keeping of 'a record book. The program includes group or conimllty projects. its well. iM- , 2CE The projects cover a wide range, including food, crops, vecgetables, fruits. livestock, farm changes penetrate more and more deeply into management, soil and fertilizer. forestry, and other their rural life, today's voutl will be faced with agricultural work mainly for boys. For girls, the inevitable problems. We hope that the knowledge most popular projects are food. life improvement. they receive through the youth club program will clothing, and home improvement. Local clubs make them more capable of resolving these problems meet at least once a month, with study meetings held successfully, so as to bccrne better and more pros- once or twice each month in addition. Regular perous farmers and better citizens. meetings are held at members' homes by turns or at 30 a public hall, mostly in the evening. Study meet­ ings are held in homes, fields, or wherever the educational work can be studied to the best advantage. The Japanese Country Report, Document No. 21, includes detailed suggestions to extension workers and local leaders on (a) how to plan the 4' ­ rural youth program: (b) teaching materials and r lop subject matter used: (c) the place of music and -- recreation: (d) special activities and events (camp. educational tours. demonstration contests, judging contests, trips. f'airs and exhibits). (c) incentives. recognition. prizes and awards: and (f) financing the program. Thailand's outstanding delegation, shich included Ministry officials and selected representatiies from all parts of the Major ploblells cited in the Japanese report country. was under tie leadership of NI.C. Ltakshnakara more members, especially Kashenisanta,director-generaIofilIel)epartmentofAgriculture. include: (a) reachingii-He and menhers ofi his stalliscre indispensable in hellping to I h) increasing the size and acttvi- gile direction and drise to the deliberations. in the lower ages: the activities of tics of girls clubs: (C) improving ,,raduated nernbers: (d) recruiting and training of' oluteer local leaders. especially \sonien: (e) coordination and cooperation of the diffcrent youth organi/at tons and prograis: aid ff) cooperation < I amonL,"iicli agencies as extenision. aericultural T cooperati\cs. coallnllnit\ olfice, social training in',titLli0lW. and schools.

--... ' The CoMiA Report includes also a set ofW critcria for electing and recounizing model rural , 1j ,,outh clubS and an e\ample of a good yearly pro- ,,, tiarill of' the local 4-H C!ub. The large Philipine delegation, delaoed a ias in arrising. made up for lost line. Itisas under Ihe direction of .1luanIt. Supplerncttar\ material of a very well delined Cahmnos, assistant director of the Bureau of Agricultural iiature includes: Docunent No. 22. a miieographed Extension, siho isas selected on seseral occasions to address Gerald A. description of 4-H Club work in Japan (an organi- the conference on behalf of all delegations. (Some members no( in piicure.) zation handbook), including its history. organiza- Lineweaser was adsisor. tion and enrollment procedures, characteristics of' tion of the local situation, programs of work, and rural youthIi club organization and activities, pro- the results achieved in each club, with date, statis­ grams and leadCrsfhip for rural Wouth clubs, and tics, and sunmaries. The new printed brochure, assistance given to 4-H Club work by government Document No. 24. is a pictorial review of 4-H Club and private agencies, activities in Japan, with a brief' introductory sum­ mary of tile present situation and emphasis. Two Another fascinating document No. 23, in- supplementary lists of publications, motion pic­ eludes thirteen stories or case histories of local tures, slides, films and demonstrations are included 4-H Clubs. These case histories carry a descrip- in Documents 68 and 69. Country Report KOREA A T the close of World War 114-H Clubsin Korea people took part. They were assisted with project werc started in Kyunggi Province by Col. materials, literature and program aids provided by Charles A. Anderson, who was at that time mili- the United States military forces. This initial effort tary governor of tile province. The program was was interrupted by the subsequent war beginning in of great assistance illthe reconstruction and reha- June 1950. Most of the work was abandoned until bilitation of the province. Several thousand young about two years later. 31 In 1954. with the assistince of' the American- The project bank is a reserve fund for supplies of Korean Foundation and KCAC. an extensive cain- animals. seeds. plants. fertilizer. tools and other paign was put on to reestablish 4-H Club work essential needs, which is operated for the benefit of throughout the entire Republic. A national 4-H individual members and clubs. The loan materials Club Conmnlitte %as crganized to uive material aid have been pro\ idcd by the American-Korean Fouin­ to the program. When KCA( \ 's dcactivated, the dation. 4-H Clubs of the United States, and by program was cont tiedi Wiuder joinit auspicCs 01 interested indi idualIs aind concerns. the International Cioperatin.i Administration and the Anerican-Korean ]"ouiidation. NIore recent]\ The imnher-borrower sicns a contact that an exteisioii lawv hi:is been o td brea l n he \\ill care for the project in a prescribed nmnncr legislature. This is nalcted i e K and vil repay in kindl f'rom tile reproduction of his legslaure Ths i e\pected to *ci\ce great Impetus project. Rsules have been cstiablishcd for rpy and educational depth to the 4-1-1 Club program. repay­ Assistance in tihe car years of' the work was iient and project work. To date. 10 percent of received froiii cliirelics." shol s. 4-H Cluibs in tie the aninials brought to Korea oil the Texas Friend­ U nited St a es. aniid iv1 olher groups and ship in 1956 have bcen repaid. There have been organizations. fe\ liilures. , There are iit\o 273. 124 bo\ s amd Lirls cnrolled Additional ii'Ormat ion was provided the con­ in 6.337 mixed clubs. The\ are assisted by 7.878 fcrence by Document No. 63, Home Economics men aind 3.791 \womncii leaders. The profcssioniil Projects for Girls. and Document No. 123, Parents stall' incltdes f'ir at the national level and approx- Cooperation. imatcly 10.000 Voluniteer local leaders and assis­ tan1ts. Thesc lealers arc selected by club inenihers Coun try Report and their pareints. he\ recei\e some training throutih local and iational training courses of short duration. The progllA iincludes public recogni- LA 0 tion, prizes and plaItics. Parents assist. The miii­ nimum age is I I atnd tle ma ximtn 21 \ears. All T is i great honor for my country, and for m\ members are required to carry aii ed tca tionCal delegation, to be welcomed here in Bangkok project aiid ti attenid mieeting:+ rilarl., today to attend this Far East Rural Youth Con­ Projects for hIo\,include li\cstock. such as pis. fcerence which is held under tile auspices of tile rabbits, goats. anid poultr : gardening. scriculture. Thai Government and the International Coopera­ forestry. seed collecting,i aind cntonlogy\. Girls' lion Administration. in cooperation with other Far projects include ptoIiltry, siiiall l1kCstock. sewiii. East countries. clothing construction lor \ .iiIcr niiembers of tihe famil,, gardening, cookini scricuilturc. and cn- Our delegation is here to observe, to discuss tomo! g'. Other pro cots Iare or z comunliitV or problems. and to find out if possibilities exist for group nature aid these Include such thines as road furtherini a rura youth development program in repair projects. "'no-stcil pircijects". village ef Cal-up, our own country. harvesting crops for sick I indigent, anti­ superstition. literac I,forest coniservation. nd For the privilege tf being lere today, on behalf sanitation, of my Government. I Would like to express my thanks to theThai iGoxcriiment and to USOM/Laos Club niectines ;are held rc-iila rlx about ts icc and USOM.Thailand for their cordial invitation a month,Ii.ceadtIrs andmcpiohrs cnuiict and lhan and cooperation, without wlhich it is hard for us to their own meetiugs aiid prograis. Music aid have such all opportuinity to join the ranks of this recreation are incltided anid ilicrC arc three aniitmal i contests fCtrinag public spcakin.. demonstrations, ounI international oment. judging and exhibits. These contests begin at the Our COUntr 3 . th1igh agricultural, does not as Myun level and finish it national events. Inccn- Our ceuh . tough ai tl tives and a\mards aric used at a11 Icxels. with prizes tovet thehave youth stich ifat ourliiovenlieiit. land. Inl asLaos thle it4-I-1 is conmnon is forejen to provided b\ the American-Korcan Iou ndatioui. ily g bo s ald girls ot 4-H age engaged ii the Ministrv of AU'ricUttiurc and Forestrv. the Na- ethe v tional 4-H 'lub Comaittce. and b' interested either agriculture by working with their parents i individuals, cultivating the fanily lands, raising poultry and swine, or helping keep their home. or engaged in Assistance is gi\ci to members in obtaining some other economically profitable undertakinp. project materials and taking care of expenses inci- It is traditional in our country for the people in a dental to conducting in exhibition of project work. community. young and old. to work together 32 during the planting and harvest seasons. When We very well realize that the conditions existing someone's home ill any village needs repairs or has among the different countries iil Asia. though not to be constructed, it is common practice among our exactly tile same because of certainlactors, are people to help \Mithotut asking for monetary' or basically alike. The problems which are cited in material compensation: all that one has to do to our cou ntry, 1 am1Surei.ha\Ve beell or still are obtain the help of his nelihbors is to let them problems illnmaiv nCihliborin conitrics. know his need. It max take soome rime to establish the 4-H There arc 1o doubhtS. as prCi oIsf\ mentioned, Movement in Laos. but I arin sure that, with the that the spirit of' the 4-H movement already exists devotion of the extension aents and with the kind ill our countr\. However, ill the organization of cooperation of others, its birth will take place in a the 4-H in Laos. sevcra l problems have to be raced short period of time. ill the beginnin. The moment that am n nmhebr of' a fIarier's To close this speech, may I greet the delegates family is old enuli to xork. his services are who are convened for this Rural Youth Conference iriiediatelx utilized ill helping till the fIamily land in Bangkok. May this conference be exceedingly or feed the fi cattle and other domesticated fruitflI. M\ best wishes to all. animals; if' engaged in all\ other Lrdertakiig, the individual automatic' Ifs ecornes a production unit Counl Iry Report id IiS iincome is Used to augient that of the faIiiil\ . Due to tile traditionally strong fanily ties. the child or chidren caiot consider the enterprise N E P A L ii \\Iichi he or she is ciigcaei as his or hers. for cxervthing belongs to the x\hole flmil. Thus. UT is a very great privilege and honor to represent \\hen a child is resporisi ble for taking care of the my country, Nepal. in this conl'erence. I am J~oit r'- of, s\x ine. the asltris olie s.bt thprojctpr(oJectatof cannrotl if bihe consideredsiTherei very grateful to my Government, to tile Thai iishiduaor ind\nersthpiua o\rtcshpi thte yunglevl"exeytigori .levelc erctiiig tunlityGoverrinicnit. to attend and this to conlfcreliceICA for giving and tome visitthe beauti­oppor­ belongs to tle entire Thmial.That is one of the tul ntoto nain problems that is rather diflicult but riot impossible to cope \\ith iin stanrting projects MV counrtr\ , as most of you know, is situated prescribed in the 4-H moeeniit. between India and Tibet. The total area is 75 The implementation of such a project is possi- thousand square miles. withi a population of about ble if the fiifiies can tinaricially afford cattle or 8 million people. Over 80 percent of the people poultry for their owkn children. and if there are live in the rural areas. Most of these people are enough agents close to them to study the develop- of the labor class and farmers. The farmers hold inents oi tile projects and to gi\ e advice when small pieces of laid anid many of them are tenant needed. farmers. Durng our sta hereiaihi d.xxhicl p e Tihe mn crops growi iii Nepal are rice, corn. many similarities \xitli our COutrtr.. \e aim to studx' soybeans. and other leguriious crops. Apart the projects and find out how the- can be made to from these. we grow whiat. oats. barley and millet. work in our couintry. We will spend our time in The capital. Kathmandu. which is at an altitude of visiting the places \where tile riioxenient exists and 4.500 feet above sea level, grovs all the different in observing actu al pro.jects heiing \orked out by x'arieties of' vegetables and many types of* tropical theThai Yuwa Kasikorn. and sub-tropical fruits. The methods of' arming are the same old methods practiced by our Fore­ It is believed bs our delecgation that iii the I'athers. but now the farmer has started to use some promotion of the rilovenieiit iii Laos. an interchange of tile modern types of equipment like the mold­ of members should be made betwecn our country board plow and the .apancsc thresher. and other countries in Asia \\here tile movement is meeting with success. \We beliec that it is not The people arc of mixed Mongolian and Aryan enough that leaders or oflicials. or only those iii a iorigin. The main two religions arc Hinduism and supervisory capacity. be sent abroad to study and Buddliism. I am very happy to say that Lord observe. We should like to see the working niern- Buddha was bornr in Nepal. The total percentage bers themselves be sent abroad so that they may of education is very low (.1 percent) but in the observe and gain new knowledec. capital 20 percent of the people are educated. 33 Little had been done to develop the country Initially it included only farm girls and housewives until 1950 bLcause of the monarchism of Rawas interested in food preservation and crocheting. In but after the revolt against them by the King and 1946 the Agricultural Extension Division, Bureau our people, the King got back his powers and our of Plant Industry, organized the 4-W program, peaple now have freedom of speech and press. which stands for will, work, well being, and wealth. Today the Government consists of' a King and The 4-H Club work, as it is now known in tile Cabinet Ministers who are nominated by the King, Philippines, was started in 1952 when the Bureau 1- Lin 1960 we hope to have our first general elec- of Agricultural Extension was created by Republic tion for the Cabinet seats. We were admitted to Act. No. 680. Franciso C. Panganiban, chief of the United Nations in 1955. Agriculture Program Division, Bureau of Agricul­ Thle 1CM came to Nepal in 1951 headed by tural Extension, was the first leader, and Harper S. e dthe extension work started in 1952 Johnson, ICA Youth Advisor, assisted. The pres­ P.W. Rose and ent national leader is Nicanor dc Rosario. Growth with cooperative ort of m Government andContinuous n rapid, ro 327 clubs USOM. Becaus of lack o trainedto personnel for and 13,000 members in 1952-1953, tile the job to present orcunt'Lagent, we had to train boys 'romn 3,991 clubs and 114.871 members. Project activi­ rural areas for six months in agriculture, animal ties are valued at 2,000,000 pesos. husbandry, agricultural engineering, first aid and sanitation, and extension methods. After gradua- Sponsorship includes: (a) Bureau of Agricul­ tion. they\\ere hired by the Government and sent tural Extension: (b) the National 4-H Club Adviso­ out as v'illage development workers. Today there ry Council of the Philippines: (c) the provincial 4-H are about 400 such \workers in the eight districts Club Council: (d)the M unicipal 4-H Club Council; of Nepal. and (e) the Barrio 4-H Club Council. FI.Ccausc of lack of trained leaders, we could At present there are 3 national 4-1 Club not start 4-H clubs hut last May they were olliciallv leaders. 8 regional leaders, 53 provincial leaders. started when the first group of IF'YE came back and 230 municipal leaders working full time. In from the United States. The\, came back not onlv addition there are about 1,000 part-time extension with wonderfulI experiences but \with the zealous agents and specialists who assist at all leves. All determination to im prose the rural youthI program agricultural extension oflicers work on the rural in Nepal. \We had to change the name of 4-H to wouth program. A volunteer crops of'locAl leaders, 4-leaf. Today it stands as '4-1L clubs." We also parents and committee workers assist in ort anizing, had this \ear two I FYEs, f'rom the States who planning and conducting the local clubs. The returned home last December after staying six volunteers are trained through leadership schools, months in various parts of Nepal. wvorkshops and conf'erences. They receive technical assistance from extension personnel and from We have also started oni economics training printed materials. They do not receive compensa­ schools. Tie, are training tie girls from rural tion. Recognition is accorded local leaders through areas and these girls 'ill be working as home the press and radio, awards and certificates, and demonstration agents after completion of their through selection as delegates to conventions, training, conferences and rallies. School teachers and parents We are very proud of our King Mahandra, also assist. who is determined to develop the country and is The age range of members is 10 to 20 years. a strong believer in democracy and the uplifting of Each member agrees to carry one or more projects rural people. We are equally thank,'ul to the to successful conclusion by himself'. Approval United States Government for giving us technical must be given by their parents, and they must help, and also to FAO and other similar attend all local club imeetings, must exhibit their organizations. products on achievement day or rally, and must keep a record of their projects. Country Report Boys' projects include swine, goats, dairy cows, carabao, rabbits, field crops, poultry. conservation, and home industries for boys. Girls are active PH ILIPPINES in such projects as food and nutrition, clothing. home improvement and home industries, together HE year 1934 marked the beginning ofyouth with poultry and livestock. Most projects are 1club work in tile Philippines by the late Miss financed by parents. by donors and sponsors, and Maria Y. Orosa, chief of the then Home Economics through project "chains." There also are coopera­ Division, Bureau of Science, in the Philippines. tive or community projects, such as community 34 gardens, reading centers, and the improvement of The work of the 4-H Clubs is conducted joint­ public grounds. Local cubs meet regularly once ly by JCRR (Joint Commission on Rural Recon­ a month and on call. The meetings are conducted struction), the Taiwan Provisional Department of by club officers. Programs are planned and con- Education, the Provisional Department of Agri­ ductedon a year-round basis. Musicandrecreation culture and Forestry, the Hsien and township are part oftle regular meetings. Incentives, awards, governments, the Provisional Farmers Association, and achievement medals, certificates, scholarships and the Farmers Association on Hsien and town­ and appropriate recognition. serve to build interest ship levels. Considerable assistance is derived and participation. from tile schools with cooperation of the Provi­ sional Department of' Education. It is planned Achievement das for the selection of provin- that by July I, 1957, itstrained leadership becomes cial winners to represent the provinces in the available, the entire executive responsibility for the National Rally are held in every provincial capital out-of-school 4-H prograin may he transferred to as a prelude to the antinua I National Rally in Manila the Provisional Farmers Association. National in the month of Ma\. leadership is in the haiids of I.io Chi-Tsing, rural youth specialist in charge of the combined program. Accomplishnents: (a) Prepared more young Most emphasized are the following objectives: people as useful citizens: (b) prepared more young (a) To create on the part of the members a spirit people for positive leadership: (c)increased fatmily of service to the comnunity and to the nation icome, nore improved ioes and better living (ib)to foster the will of self-reliance on the part of conditions in the rural areas: (di minimized juvenile the members: (c)to increase agricultural production delinquency, by using better scieniic niethods: and (d) to Need: of' more volunteer observe the policy of austerit\ in carrying on the Major problems: (a) work. trained leaders: (b)need of more extension per- Present oranization isas follows: (a) Member­ sonnel to supervise and follow-up 4--h activities, P re s or g i rls 2.s3f o lws: ( b ) (c) ways and means of keeping 4--'ers interested ship-boys 23,809. girls 2.733. total 26,542: (b) initheir home projects atid clubs: (d)adequate number of clubs--boys 2,201, girls 196. mixed 0: ftunds to finance 4--h club work : (e)making (c) nnmber of' voluntarv local leaders---men 2,051, parents and other people interested in youth work. women 228. total 2 2 9: (d) working Units--35 schools, 78 townships. A manual for extension \%orkers and leaders. There arc 2 futl-ti me national leaders, and I Document No. 43. titled '4-H Club Work." wasdis- part-time: 3 full-time, and 4 part-time provincial tributed to the conf'crence as a part of the Country leaders. At the Hsien level there are 12 full-time Report. This is a well-illLst rated outline of orga- and I part-time 4-H Club supervisors. In the town­ nizational suggestions. requirenients for member- ship there are 78 full-time 4-H club advisors. These ship, project outline, duties of ollicers and leaders, 4-H Club workers are trained at two weeks' schools and suggested club goals and evaluation procedures. at the provincial, Hsien and township levels. A one­ Ai installation cc r em otnv for officers is also month school of iniduction training is given all pro­ described. fessional leaders. Four provincial conferences of four days each are held annuall\. Countryf Report Selection of local leaders is a responsibility of local advisory committees. They are trained at RIEPUBLIC OF CHINA two-day trainii gschools at the time attownship organizes 4-1-1Club work. Threc to five days of training oti agriculturail subject matter are provided T HE delegation of' the Republic of China each year. Local leaders serve without pay but presented a new brochure titled "Rural Youth an inexpensive lunch is provided \vhien they attend Program in Free China." This attractively mime- sessions. Each leader is provided atsubscription ographed document (No. 36) provides an excellent to "-Harvest." a hi-weekly magaziie published by introduction and description of the 4-1 Club work .ICRR for fari faimilies. Each is given ali ap­ which has been progressing in Taiwan Province pointment certificate aiid provided with a 4-H since 1952. The English interpretation of the name leader pii. A certificate of appreciation is given is the "Four Sound" Clubs-sound head, sound at the cnd of a year's satisfactor\ service. heart, sound hands, and sound health. Member- Most 4-H members are 10 to 24 years old but ship islimited to boys and girls 10 to 24 years of age those in the upper ages may organize senior 4-H and the approval of parents is required. Clubs. They must have the consent of their parents 35 to join, must undertake one or more projects, keep a 149-page general report of the Chinese -American a record, attend project meetings, and participate Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction, and in club activities. Document No. 27, a new, highly illustrated Projects include paddy rice, sweet potatoes. brochure on agricultural extension work. vegetables, s%inc. poultr. rabbits and Food pro­ cessin: recrCation and sociAl a[ctivitcs arC included Conit ry Report il tile grouIrp Ieeti ngcs. Clubs ol'ten encage in camping, bicycle tours, demonstration and judging I' H X I L A N 1 contests, exhibits and other activitics. Encourage­ mrint is civen by mhership pins. exhibits and achixecimnt prograis. isWiA Uip Kasikorn (young Iarmers) is an organi­ Accomplish mcits: 4-1-1 Clib \ork (a) has cul- zation For yOllg people or Thailand which tivated a spirit of'democrac\ and scI-nianagcmernt was patternediafter 4-H Clubs of the United States. (b) has given a new hope to rural \out: (c) Imc- Membership is open to rural boys and girls be­ hers' ownership has btuilt alsense of responsibility: tween 10 and 20 years of age who agrce to carry out (d) 4--h members lia~c lcarned new skills. new n'e- approved projects. attend ineetings, and submit in­ thods and ic%\ attitudcs to increase production. dividull reports. It \wts started in 1952 when Dr. estabili ris records arid erjo better living Fraik Dickinson. IFAO, was assiced to the Chl­ (e) tihey learn tile \alire of titrle as well as Iioriev, choelngsao educatioatl pilot project to set tip agri­ ny mciehbcrs u',illU leisure tirie to do ciirh work cltural activitics in tile proposed pril iry Cxteri­ f) tie spirit of leso cornpct itri arid iiutt sion school Curricuhltrim AdditionilAdd. sipport and helpf'lInCss ao 4-H111'C0s has developed better interest \as arrariucd f'rori the Minisry of Agri­ Unriderstaninig and eooperat ion hct\wccn school anid cultture. N inistr\ of' Ed ucation. aid Ninistr\ of oIt-of-school rural youth: Q-) 4-11 club work has Interior. as well is f'oreicni aid alnccs. such aIs ICA. helped to dc\elop at closer relationship betwen UNESCO and [A(-. parents arnd chlildren. I'iiniiies and school: (Ih) ihrou-h ICOm1l limerit1CltS \\ ith proicts. cltlb mni- Oil March 16. 1953 tihe )'tl\V Kasikorli move­ hers lavc dc\eloped a greater sense of' self-con- ncrit was horn when the DepartmCnt of' AcriculI­ fidericc: (i) hundreds of adult voluntirr local leaders ture was assigncd to be in full charge. Nai Tuan have devoted their time to serve their colnlunitics: Komnkris was tile first volunteer local leader. III (j) through 4-H Club educatioin. Lmrral leadership 1954, a rural yothtl training section was established has been graduilly establishcd: (k) rural youth within the Extension Service, Department of Agri­ feels more important: (I)Ilocil people deeply believe culture, Ministry of Agriculture. Na i Prayune that 4-H club projects arc tile riost effective agri- Sawanasoojarit was niamiied is full-time youth cultural extension eduticationi work. worker and sent to the United States For eight months of training, with the assistance of USOM Principal problems are these: funds. Ini 1954 the ministry or Agriculture asked 1. As vet there is iio unilied orga nization sys- USOM for a iral youth training advisor and in tern which is essential to the effective implernenta- August Donald P. Carter arrived to fill this posi­ tion of the 4-H program. It is :I comprehensive tion. Training courses were organized in 1955. rural education progral combining agricultural A two-days-a-rionth series of training schools was education, honle eduCetioni, and citizenship training, started in 1956 at Extension Service regional cen­ 2. When a new type of' educationil work is ters. By the end of 1956 rural youth activities had initiated il I country. there is a lag between the spread to 24 provinces. with 73 clubs, 107 local courses ofTcred in vocational schools and colleges leaders, and 2.565 iembers. This covers about and the training needed to support the noe\ one-third of the Kingdori. movement. 3. Tile strincnt Iimrancial sittitioil of goverl- The professional stall] includes extension riierit ofliecs oii ever\ level in Free China is one \orkcrs who spend part title oil youth. They are deterrent to the inore rapid cxpainsion of 4-H Club trained at two-day traiinig schools. Local voli­ work. There is little likelihood that this sitmation teer leaders are selected by the agricuiltural extcni­ will changce in the forsecable fut ure. Governnient sion officers who organize the club. Freq ueitlv financial support is :i problem of paranournt these are the school hcadmaster, parents of nleii­ importanrce. bers. or other conlmunity leaders. One of their major responsibilities is to make supervisory visits The delegation frori the Republic of China of home projects for which the Department of presented without discussion Document No. 26, Agriculture supplies a check sheet. 36 Boys and girls between 10 and 20 years of age Country Report are eligible. Each agrees to carry out one or more home projects for which he assumes full respon­ sibility. Each must file an application, containing V I E T N A M the parents' approval, must keep an accurate record of project work, must participate at club meetings. HE 4-T Clubs are organized essentially along and must complete both project and record book T he Iies of 4-H Clubs in the United States. at the end of the club year. The letter "T" symbolizes head, heart, hands, The projects are the core of Yuwa Kasikorn and health. It is sponsored by and is a part of work. They include such activities as swilie, POlI- the Agricultural Extension Service, Ministry try, rabbits, garden, field crops and fruit trees, of Agriculture. The program is one of education No home economics projects are offered for girls in agriculture, home economics and related since the extension service does not yet have a home subjects. A cooperative relationship is being economics stall\ but plans are being made for early developed with religious groups, schools and other inclusion. governmental organizations. Initiated by the Projects are financed chicfly by members and United States Operations Mission in August 1955, parents. The Department of Agriculture recently, the first clubs were organized in four provinces late however, has arranged for a project loan program that year. Four additional provinces were added to obtain foundation stock with the assistance of in 1956. Presently, there are 2.493 boys and USOM counterpart funds. Members may borrow 933 girls active in" 190 clubs of 19 provinces. up to 10 pullets and one cockerel to be returned They are assisted by 162 local leaders, most of to the rotating loan ba nk within one \ear. whoml are men. Each club holds at least one meeting a month Program objectives are: (a) To help improve throughout thle yer. Oflicers are elected. The the welfare of farm youth and their families through educational phaIse of a typical meeting occupies the use of improved agricultural methods; (b) to 30 to 45 mintlles and includes lectures. discussions. encourage youth to become more self-su, ficient and demonstrations, and films. Lectures are presented to depend more upon their own efforts rather than freqIuently by the agrictiltUral oflicer. and members upon assistance from the government; (c) to often give deilonstrations. Project literature and encourage youth to perforn some service for their materials are available onl poultry, swine, fish. village and for the nation; and (d) to carry on their gardens, and rabbits. 4-T Clubwork in keeping with the austerity program Some clubs conduct educational tours, special of the country. contests, and achievement events. There is one national five-day congress at Kasetsart University. Two full-time men conduct the work of the national 4-T office. Twenty provincial 4-T Club Contest winners receive certificates, and prizes agents and 16 other extension workers spend half of garden tools, fertilizer, or other project materials or more of their time on the rural youth program. donated by tile Department of Agriculture or local These agents have received training in subject business firms. Ribbons are given at achievement matter, objectives, philosophy and organization shows, of club work. They have also been assisted with An excellent motion picture of 30 minutes has organizational problems, such1as sponsoring corn­ been produced recently which portrays project nittees, development ofteachingand deionstration work, meetings, and other club activities, materials, and how to conduct home visits. Training schools are held three days each month, in Problems concern themselves with (I) obtain- addition to supcrvisory assistance given in the ing qualified local leaders and training them for provinces. effective work, (2) training the extension staff so that it feels qua lified to organize Clubs and carry The volunteer leaders are village teachers or on a sutccessful \outhi program: (3) getting the ex- fariers. They are selected by the sponsoring con­ tension field stail to rcalize the importance of this mittee aind. or. the 4-T Club agent. They receive new youth progrmi and to devote enough time no pay except public approbation. Parents are from busy schedules to make it worth viile: (4) encouraged to provide project materials and to getting more full-time field olliccrs. to speed up rural attend 4-T club affairs. youth work and bring it to maturity throughout the Kingdom: (5) meeting the shortage of agricultural Sponsoring committees are encouraged in youth workers and subject-matter specialists. each community. At present there are 40, with 37 5 to 6 members each. Their task is to help select 4-T agents. Programs are planned for three months and advise leaders and to help arrange financing in advance and club officers and junior leaders con­ for local club projects. duct the meetings, including demonstrations, subject Membership is open to boys and girls 12 to matter instruction, music and recreation. Most 20 years of age. Each is required to carry an Clubs have two meetings a month. individual project. such as poultry, ducks, a home Beginning July I,1957. the Vietnam Govern­ garden, swine, rabbits, halndicraf't, clothing and ment is expected to assume a part of the expenses foods. They arc expected to attend regular club for salaries, project information, and other mate­ meetings, follow project instruction, keep project rials. By 1961, it isexpected that the entire program records, and e.lhibit at local achievement days. II will be born by the national government. the beginning most of the project materials were supplied by USOM but more recently they are Continued training of provincial 4-T Club expected to return project animals through a loan agents, selection and training of local leaders and or bank arrangement. In the future, it is expected sponsoring committees are important problems. that such materials will he obtained through the More parent cooperation, better project materials cooperation of parents and sponsoring committees. from local sources and educational assistance of all In addition to individual projects, each club is kinds are essential needs. activity.encouraged This to havemay abe cooperative a com m unity or communitygarden, a ReferenceR f r n ei is madem d tot Document~ c m n No.~ .338, , "How o ctivity. Thpis ma, betiLI pro11111111gaerd ealth to Encourage Rural Girls in Vietnam to Take Part clean-up Campign.a sanitation programora health in 4-T Club Activitics;" Document No. 59, "4-T program. Home Garden:" Document No. 114, "The Job of Projects and programs arc under the super- the Provincial 4-T Club Agent." and Document vision of local leaders, sponsoring committees, and 118, "Individual 4-T Record Book."

V

A /w

i0

Luang Suwan Vajokkasikij, director-general of Kasetsart University, addresses delegates in auditorium of home economics building. 38 CASE HISTORIES

N response to the advance request of the Planning Committee, each delegation presented to a general session an extended report covering a major phase of rural youth work on which the delegation was particularly qualified to speak. These case histories­ like the country reports-constituted basic documents for working groups and conference committees. Case History-Japan (a) a one-week study meeting each year at Tokyo, (b) a five-day training meeting in March connected nith the annual national achievement program at ran i Rural 0111h Tokyo, (c) a four-day camp training program, and (d) short-tie joint meetings in the 46 prefectures. Workers At the prcl'ecture level, training isgiven farm advisors in agricultural techniques, farmi manage- In Japan, the term "training of'youth extension ineit group teclniq ues and organization problems. workers " applies essentially to those youth special- Also in the prel'ecture, 4-1-1 achievement meetings ists who devote a major share of their time to work and summer camps are held. with boys and cirls in \'outh clubs. All workers are Reference is made to the Japanese case history college graduates with a degree in agriculture or report, "Home Economics Projects for Girls," home economics. Additional training is given to which appears elsewhere in this Final Report. This them at the time of induct ion into the service and includes an example of' the comprehensive manner again in con nection withi prefectutre meetings, held in which Japanese extension workers teach subject in the districts and :at youth events, such as short matter in home economics. A stim ulating motion courses, achievement mCeting-s, summer camps. picture was presented. It W: essentially a training fin on "How tc construct an improved kitchen In Japan where a balanced prograim of' educa- range from low-cost materials." The training film tion, recreation, and community service is included demonstrated all steps in the process very clearly. for young people. it is considered important that all It illustrates the thorough procedure which is used in workers should have both training and experience training extension workers and which they in turn in these techniques. Fxamples of training include use with local 4-H club leaders.

Case History- Japan nomics projects. Project outlines are geared to the age and interests of the girls. Before they enroll in a new project younger members try for semi-pro- Hole Economics jects. They make apreliminary survey of their daily foods as a stepping stone to improvement in their daily food habits. Parents assist by encourag- Projects ing girls to become interested and active in home­ making activities. The 4-H Club home economics program for girls in Japan is designed for the age range 15 to Bulletins or outlines ofslggestions and require­ 24. More than 80 percent have enjoyed secondary ments are provided for each member in the specific school training. 15.5 percent have had high school project for which lie is enrolled. Also included is training. Two-thirds of the girls are between 15 and a record book f'or the recording of project expenses, 20 years of age. Of the total membership, about income, problems cncountercd and a story of 15.000 are enrolled in clothing projects, 35,000 individual experiences. The following list shows in food projects, 3,000 in homemaking, and a the range of projects and the type of practices smaller number in other miscellaneous home ceco- recommended and included under each. such as: 39 A. Workwomen's dress improvement projects: Room improvement projects- How to make dresses fitted for working. How to use a room equipped with no closet. How to make improved underwear. How to furnish and decorate a room. How to make improved cap. Simple carpentry- Clothing improvement projects- How to make washboards, blackboards, or dustpans. Design of their own clothes. Design of their sisters' clothes. D. Home management projects: Care for woolen clothes. washing--- Bookkeeping, family accounting. Cleaning, Food cost survey. Simplilied cleaning. Pocket money. How to wash woolen clothes. Assignment of housekeeping tasks to each How to use soap and detergent. family member. How to bleach and how to remove stains. How to keep home clean, neat. How to keep clothes clean, neat and mended. Simple blouse-making. E. Health and sanitation projects: How to make rompers, using a piece oftowel. Taking bath, rest in harvest and planting Renovation of old clothes, time. Utilization of rags. How to wash and sterilize dishes. How to wash fresh vegetables. B. Food Improvement projects: How to use disinfectant. Foods in busy seasons- Keepipg out flies, mosquitoes, or parasites. Preserved food, using soybeans. Preserved food, using eggs. As an example ofhow agent- and local leaders are trained in project work - Japanese delega­ Daily foods-- tion presented an excellent si. ,, film series on the Nutritious food using seasonal vegetables, background and need for kitchen improvement. How to provide three good meals each day. This included a step-by-step procedure for teaching Recipes for cooking eggs in different ways. how to build an improved kitchen range. The How to prepare foods, using soybean paste. visual presentation also showed in chart form how many such improved ranges had been constructed Cakes, cookies, for between meals-- in one of the rural youth clubs of a prefecture. An Wheat; flour cake or cookies. evaluation of the program was provided as a part Sweet potato cakes. of Document 62. This document includes also Pickles- a suggested early program of girls' club activities Pickles-by months. Palatable pickles made of fresh vegetables. Vegetables preserved in soybean paste. Lunch-H Various lunches carried to fields. Case History- Palatable lunches for children. Food Keeping-- A t 1P o FoodKeepng--Agricultural How to keep vegetables. Projects Plan for green and yellow vegetable growing. Since Yuwa Kasikorn work is relatively new C. Housing: in Thailand, the present emphasis is confined to Kitchen improvement projects- poultry, swine, pond fish, vegetables, flower and put up shelves, rabbit projects. These are in keeping with the How to agricultural nature of Thailand's economy. The How to arrange kitchen equipment. aim of the Department of Agriculture, through its How to make kitchen table. Extension Services Division, is to better the wellare How to arrange cooking utensils, of farmers by encouraging them to use all available Closet improvement projects- results and improved techniques to increase produc­ How to put up shelves. tion. thus earning for themselves more income and How to arrange kitchen equipment. for the nation a better standard of living. To get 40 increased production requires adoption of better D. Fish: agricultural practices, better seeds, manures and Provide a pond of at least 25 square meters, fertilizers, better land preparation, storage and stocked withoat least 25 fish. plant protection. Farmers are well known for their conservatism and, therefore, are sometimes E. Gardening: hesitant to adopt new practices. Experience has Care for and manage a vegetable and/or flower shown that one way to change their habits isthrough garden of at least 16 square m ters in size. the demonstration method. Another way to reach Plant and care for at least 6 fruit t 'ees. theni is by appealing to their paternalism, inherent Select, prepare, plant and cultivate 200 square ill their love forchildren. Frequently they will permit meters or more of a field crop recommended their children to adopt a new practice as a trial in that particular area. experience. If it is unsuccessful, no status or face has been lost by the pa reiints in the coiiiniti lity. Since parei its in ma ny casesare una ble to finance The Yuwa I'asi korn movement interests aniid tilie purchase of project materials, it has been found youth but at the same time indircctly cd, ­ ecessary to Live assistance to individual members attracts bank or live­ cates parents. Since the voting people aregularlyre to elphp tethem getpartet started. A projectJo stock chain isa part of the pronrain. enrolled in school. tile projects in wlich they are to the country reports of Korea and theWe Philippines refer also engaiged mlust be siiilpie and not demaiid too much and to the case history of Korea oil this subject. of their time. Results should come quickly but - - fortunateh t here is available at Kasetsart Univer- It is fouind that considerable supervision of sity a body of research and subject mnatter on which project work is needed in the earlyyears ofthe the D p alrtm nt of' AgricultttrC Yu­ thesigningD ari KofA rn It tiec's..111. drawfiava swvhen wa Kasikorn prograiii. Agriculturali-- officers and desien ii Yt, a Kasi korn projec, s. Oficials of local leaders in tist make frquien t home project the departmeint find out x~hbat improved practices visits if members are to make sa:;slfactory progress. are most successful and at the same time simple Each should be visited at least three times a enough so that . outlh may demonstrate their effec- year. An outlneiad check sheet for Supervision tiveness. Theseprojct practicesuchotlies.s toseare theniot developedabve. intoes- oflyouthi-yar. Aneltb linhome projectsprojeck inishetThailand is providedprvided project Outlines, suchI as those notd above. Des- each extension worker. The objectives or the Ilantuagcriptive c,bulletins are printed inl simple, readable projects.prj cs purposes.up ss proceduresro e u e aiin reportinge otn of I aisupervisory visits are very \vil described in this

A project record book is given to each boy or publication. Standards are suggested in check girl in which the practices, costs, income and other sheet form for ea', of the six major projects. data arc recorded by the individual. Minimum requirements for project completion are established Another important educational method for for each of'the six projects. Some variety is available teaching good project work is the use of individual to members in accordance with their age interests and team demonstrations. These demonstrations and abilities. For example, the project outlines in- may be in teams of two or more members or in elude the following suggestions: sonic cases simplified onei-member demonstrations are encouraged. A. Swine: Market pigs- Each demonstration should be built around an improved practicewlich iswithin the experience and Grow and Fatten one or more pigs fto. ability of the members. It should be based upon research or proven practices. It should be long Sow and litter- enough to cover the subject and short enough to be Raise a litter of pigs at least to weaning within the range of interest and ability of the age. members. Usually these demonstrations run from 5 B. Poultry or Ducks: to 20 minutes in length. Such subjects as thle following are practical ini Thai laud: Raise 20 or more baby chicks or ducklings. Care- for and manage a laying flock of 10 or Mixing a balanced poultry feed. more birds. Testing the viability of the rice seed by Raise 10 or more capons to maturity, the salt water method. C. Rabbits: Keeping a balance of food and fish in a farm pond. From a pair of mature rabbits, raise at least Hatching eggs. one litter for the market. Production ofclean eggs. 41 The Thailand case history included presenta- bamboo or pandanus, simple dusters, pumps for tion to the delegates of Docunient No. 51, a case pesticides. history of "Agricultural Projects for Boys and In districts where farmers are engaged in cot­ Girls :" No. 57, "Supervision of Youth Club Home tage industry as a sideline greater and steadier Projects in Thailand 5f, Edtucational Activities f'or No.Boys, f'or "ProjectsGirls, and andf'or ipotntoihdciectagprosperity is recognized. For this iduryn reason, it is No. 67. ''Teaching important to include the cottage industry in a Group Undertakings:§ G u Uyouth program. The purpose is to train youth in NIaterials:" Methods and No. 80, '4-11. Clubon skills, as well as to increase faimilv inconi. Record Book.- and No. 81. "l)cnionstration Mixing a Balanccd Potlltrv Feed.' Complete sets The type of cottage industr\ depends on how of project Iitera t ure in each of Thaila nd's six the youth work is organized, tile type of natural agricultuNraI projects \\crc incl uJed as DocunMents resources available, a.nd tile availability of markets. Nos. 52. 53. 54. 55. and 56. But the talents and preferences of the individual also need to be considered. Some Will preler to plait mats, others to al.ke \\ooden shoes. \\hich requires Case -istorv-Indonesia more imagination, and still others may vish to carve out heels. For this reason, it is desirable to introduce iore than one kind of cottage industr\ Cottage Industry and let the bovs and girls make their choices. No I7 0 qpressure should he exercised. In order to develop skill some expert advice or consultalion needs to be Projevt, given. The products niade duriiig tile training period Indonesia is ill the hC6ci n inglistaCes of rural can be taken honic h\ tile ilenlbers. Tle' will youth organization work in the agricuItural extcn- proudly exhibit these to thcir parents. friends and sion program of the People's Agricultural Service neighbors. This is important because it proves in the Ministry of AgriculturC. Most of the cx- that the children have niade good risetf their time perience thus tar is pained from work going oil in and that they possess skills which can be used the Province of \Vest Ja\a. so the following outline productivcly for earning a living. Parents will relates primaril\ to that area. thus be inclined to give iore cooperation to the organizational activities and other children Will be Ves'. Ja\a conltains I .15 nillionl ha of \wct attracted to the lovelenl. or irrigated rice fields and 1.25 million ha of' dry laind. The populalion is about 16 niillion people, When the boy or girl acqu-irCs the desired skill. of which about I( million are engaged ill agricllturc. lie or she can make pr od uctive use of spare time at There is ain a\crage oi 5 persons per aiily antd ioiC in manLifactlrili articls. RasM materials about 2 million l'amilies possess altiaNerage of .58 ha nlay be supplied by the organlzation, by tile parents, of irrigcated and .63 ha of non-irri cated land. In or hy the child himself. The products can be sold moietarv ternis. the total 1955 incomie is estitiiated individually by the children. butI it is usuall tiNorc at Rp. 8.300 mil lion. 6\ir ;iftiarni inconle of elhcieit to sell collhcti'cly through the organization. Rp. 2.3 per person per da\. [:or this reason each Usually tile tieliibers \\illreceive better prices alid farmer must look for sttpllCnien tlrv souLires 0if acquire training inhow to understa nd and meet the income to protect his aiinilfronil sta irin. demanlds of the public. The\ need traiiling inflow totiiarket their prodets. rhe\ should orcanizec Even under the most intcnsiSc t\pe of farming. the sale theniselves and keep records. Most farmers the 1.2 ha of 1,iid requ[ires onl\ 3.600 hours of badly need itfornitiii ni experience about labor per ear (3.(0(0 hours of' labor per ha per trading and bookkeeping. year). For a Iiiil of ti\c persoli, this incais a daily activit\ of t\%(o0ours,or ',achpersoi. It Itisiliportantitto tua kethis\\ ork attracti cand imiplies that the f.ariiit.r and his amily have lluch appealing to children and to their pairents. Olie spare timre. Onlr problem. tihen, is li\ to ma.ke wayvof doiigt hisisto arrauge exhibits where results productiv Use 'f this spali't.lime. of the activities are shown to tile public. Contests can be organii/ed aniong the inembers. After SupplCniIitarx loliie indLstrics arC oiic of oLir judging, i i/es. awards, incentives or recognitions most important solutionis. iletypes of cottalle can be handed to the \%inners. These may he to industry iti West .lava itichLide plaiting of mats. individ'Jals or to groups. The exhibits should he basket we-avinu, wooden shoies for ladies, hats from kept on a high plane. Prizes should be honestly 42 awarded and should be in keeping vith the projects Early and deep plowing. made. Exhibits will stimulate sch )1, parent and Thorough preparation of the soil. community cooperation and collaboi ,tion. They Planting the best varieties forthe area. will also help to stimulate confidence of the commu- Testing seeds with salt water. nity and the public in the local leader, his ability Treating seeds with Granosen. and his initiative. Using improved type of'seed bed. Thin sowing inseed bed. A fair degree of succcss has been achieved in Spraying seed beds to control insects this program in West Java. Better results can be and diseases. obtained if more financial aid isgiven to the organi- Deep application or fertilizer. zation from the government and private bodies or Planting in straight rows. individuals. More attention needs to be given to Shallow transplanting. this part of the program. Thorough and timely weeding. Spraying paddies in infested areas. Wise use of water.

As an example of effectiveness, a club member csase History-Free China who followed the above practices produced 9,943 kilograms per hc-tare of' dried rice in the first rice crop in 1956, wh;Le the average yield in the same Teaching, Training year was 3,211 kilorams. Bulletins are made attractive by pictures, draw­ - "aterials,and Miethod~s igs and colored, illustrated covers. They are discussed at club meetings so that members will know how to use them. Local leaders and town­ The dcvclopment of literature, teaching and ship advisors are given training in their use. The iraininue materials for use in Free China's 4-H Club literature is supplemented by judging and demon­ \\ork has progrcssed rapidly but Ipuntil now it has stration activities. The bulletins now available to heen based Ipon the experience of others. since the our club members include the f'ollowing: program has been in effect only since October 1952. There has been more dcmai, d for subject matter. Rice Rat Control inlformation and tcachi ng cquipment for members Vegetable Swcetpotato and leaders than wke could possibly supply. Most of Hog Chicken the educational materials available from other Local Leader Peanut auencies inl Taiwan wcre not readily understandable First Aid Recl eation by rural youth, most of whoml had limited schooling. Mushroom Onion Our \vartinle econoiV would not permit purchasing Fertilizer Citrus adcquatc visual aid equipment but we are making Milk Goat Control of Rice Borer progress. Forest Tea Raiing Fish oil Tobacco Illorder to establish an immediate supply of Farms Lupine hulletins. we have sorted out those published by other agencies in our country which can be adapted. There is a Chinese proverb, "One picture is Thus far wc haMve used twelve of these. Assistance worth 10,000 words.- Devices or means for aiding has heen arraned from various agencies and the learning process through the sense of sight oreainizations for the writing of'additional bulletins, have been given emphasis because they help club These arc all in simple language. They are brief' members learn more quickly and remember longer. md well illustrated to improve readability. They are time-savers too. Following are the kinds of visual aids we offer in the order oftheir frequency Discussion meetings of specialist and 4-H Club ef'use: ield \orkers are held to develcrp sound ideas before each bul!Ctin is prepared. The improved practices I. Real objects. The proper shape of an egg recommended in eac;i bulletin are specific for the ishard to describe but it iseasy to show. problems of the individual member. For example, 2. Fkannelgiaphs. These are easily made and ilour rice bulletin wc specify 14 improved practices inexpensive. They can be used to illustrate any for growing more and better rice, as follows: subject and may be made quickly of plywood and 43 flannel folded in the middle for convenience. A to do and how todo it. To increase the acceptance handy size is 2., feet by 3 'eet. The back side may we have used selected demonstrators who show the be used as a blackboard. Since movies, slides and value of certain practices for the benefit of their film strips are not commonly used illChina today, community. Such demonstrators should themselves the flannelgraph is a good substitute. Suggestions have a satisfactory record of achievement, should were given in Document No. 66 as to size and use the necessary materials and equipment, and method of construction, should have their parents' approval. 3. Slides and film strips. Each supervisor is 4. Method demonstrations. Method demon­ equipped with slide and film strip projectors that strations at 4-1] neeting's are one of our most can be carried around aid used at training meetings. effective techniques. Tlhy are used at 80 percent WeW eplandki to speiid conisiderable tim e in makinnis e of~lClubclubicrl meetingsmeete nl andmid approximatel) 15,000 were pictures and deeloping film strips. At present we given in 1956. Oiice every ear club members use mostl\ those a\a ilible froimthe ULnited States, hold a demonstration meeting for tile benefit of such as "'I-to\ to Select Layers.'-4-1 Club Work farie rs. They are encouraged to orgaiiize their inthe United States,"- -PcstsofPoUtIr\'ii tile Uni ted own demonstrations and the best ones are chosen States." "Selecting 'id Judging rLed ing Flogs." to represent their township at a Coitest oil the We have made sO ral of our x\\1i. incl!ding ''4-11 I-Isien level. It is cstiniatcd that 50 percent of the Club Idea.'' "'Onion Groxini," "'Coniir' of Rice adoption of better practices mlav be credited to Borer, . ircitniitof Rice Seeds.'' "Better this method inFree China. Practices for Rice," and iniscelIa nCous slides. 5. Clubimectings. Each proijct ciub holds 10 4. Mox ies. Iecause they are expeinsive and to !2 meetings a ycar. Most of them are hld at equipmenit is scarce. \e ha xc ot pr urcssed f'a r i night illunembcrs homes, classrooms, at temples. this field. There is a big demand for niox ies but \\e or in the fields. Method iIemoIstrat ions. lectures have not bcen ablc to dcxcClhp our oM 11. \We expect and discussions Lire used exteisive'ly. to purchase txxo t. initcd St:itcs 4-1-1films and we suggest "'i-his is 4-I I'lil-b Work"oni tie Iidiana 6. Trainiig meetings for leaders and ollicers. Extension Scr\icc. PurdueL University. West Lafa- These raig from oiie to four days illlenlth. A vette. Indiana.:ndthc nex\ 4-1I Club motion picture variety of methods is used to maintain interest. by the Uini\crsitx ofCalili iia at Berkelex. The most Opportunity is provided for trainces to participate. frequcntly used films in (iChinatoday are -'4-11 Club In1956 there xxere held 113 leader training ieetiigs, Work in Taixxai. " "Pro ec.t for Tonorro\ (.aii 3JU1iior-leadcr trainui nicetings. and 32cIlub-oflicer Austrian picturlf. "Ciaiiginu Vilfage" f.lapanese), tr:aiing mectings for 2,000 local leaders, 230.junior anld ''Open 1louse'' (Indoinsiau). leaders, aid 900 club officers. 5. Photographs. NIost ofthe 4-I-I SUlVerVisorS 7. Discussion meet ingus. The most coinmmon ly are pro\ided xith a camcra aid a liiinited budget for used include goup d i ssios MClub metings, film aiid procesig. .\ total of 4.000 photographs panels. huddles, and debates. was taken ill1956. Nian \xere used bx magazines and some in cxhibits. Discussions and contests 8. Tours. These arc conducted for members have been held to train the superx isors for taking and leaders. NIy isit resca rch iistitutions or good photougraphs. improvenent stations. They create a desire on the part of members to adopt better practices and We make use oft he lolloxinteachinmethods: freqtiieitly result in encotuiacili the nenber to desire further education. 1.Far andn homre visits. These make it possible for the local header aid extension xworker to 9. I3iilctinus. intle past four ycars68,390opies give personal assistance to mem'iers and parents. ofbul ctiis hxiVe been printed and distributed. They also hlp ipinadaptition of edlucational ollcriins to the needs of box sand ,irls. 10. Radio. Radio progiiS fr rri people iare preseiited b\ all broadcastin., stations ilChina. 2. Office cals. Thcsc appl, to oniv a limited Althou.h \we hive not used tillsmetliod iSf'rcqunently number of people. In aii a\cla t0\xnship the as \\e should. \xe believe that the ilcreasingnumbcrs advisors reccix cd approxi nitel\ ,, calls per year. of radios ill the ho1es (iffariner'S \\ilijustif'v greater attentioni to it. experienice 3. Result denmonstrations. hirough we have learned that people xxillmore likely adopt I I.Exhibits. A total of 61 exhibits xyere dis­ an improved practice when tile\ see and hear what played on the township and -isien levels in 1956. 44 Exhibits are used as recognition of club members (b) Hermilo Silorio. a world war veteran of accomplishments. They also increase the public's Dau. Pampanga, saw the people of his barrio living interest and attention, in grim poverty and at the same time doing nothing about it. He was aware of tilefilth around the place. The Chinese delegation presented two examples tile superstitions. customs, and unhygienic habits of of good demonstrations. One, in Document 84. the people, At the same time. he knew tile strength. showed how to select rice seeds with saltwater. An- the courage, and the varied potentialities of' the other. iinDocument 112. gave detailed operation villages. especially tile youth of tile village who and maintenance procedures for a tractor, often gathered around himi when lie talked of happy people who lived in ilproved comMunities that he Case is tory - Philippines saw. He saw, too, the possibilities of the youth in raising vegetables, planting fruit trees, caring for hogs and chickens, ind doing some handicraft. iWhen tile agriculturist, who often comes to see Vo l tee'r tLaders the farmers, talked about 4-H club work and finally organized a club in his village, the 4-H Local Eery extension worker is aware of the need for Leaders Association of Pampanrg asked him to be the recruitment and training of effective leaders for its local leader. \outh progrrnms. In the Philippines it is hard to recruit local leaders but progress is being made. Volunteers lead---­ This paper deals with a variety of problems and is (a) Gasdam. a village of 80 homes, put oii its ain accu rate doctumentation olctutal sittuationis. best attire. It was thrown open for tile public to see tile transforlation it Parenilts Ia\ choo -- A grop of womnl atl- government algencies cani2 tohas its undergoneassistance. sinceNew tended at fiesta iii I ison,g. Liii cace. Pan galsin a bmoof e oisasit nc e as bamboo fences enclosed every honie lot. vegetable Thex noticed how hoys and girls mo\ed around gardens were in bloom, garbage caus stood con­ to the help ill festi\itics. One noticed improve- gardens. icevarious Spots along t lile streets and and ardenss spispceuty n various sptsrarnailon like fenci,-, good di nd rde evervt in, looked spick-and-span. Tile people TheC\ a sked how%thiese camte about. When the\, had done birrio improvement work and they were \cre inforeld that at 4-H club did it,tile worueni celebratiri. \,elt honle ;and told their husbands and barrio friends about it. Not long iaft'erwai.rds they re- In the communllitV' club-house, a 4-H girl was qutrested their iii.in icilil agricuIlturist alnd home demonstrating how to niake i rag doll from cottoi deirionstrator for ain organization like that in tile remnants. as a crowd from all valks of life stood harrio Nisited. Tile woman \who \as most active watching. Later, the' were taken to the pilot in Iinrdin2g out a bout the org anization was elected house w'ithI tileplite "i 4-H miiember lives here." b\ leader the pr-lts for tie ni\\l\ organized 4-H They saw w\indoy screens of' slgir cane tassels. club. brooms from dried stems. crocheted tablecloths, and other household iteis rinide by the 4-H girl of adult Aln\ organizaiton mna\ dcsio.niate-- the iotise. Two lady teachers il tlie group were fat) Mrs. IL Garcia of, Villrsis. P1giin, wS so impressed \\itllwhat the saw tlit they w:isted no told by tile nlurlliCil),'l121-iCtlttlriSt tlli- a hion de- time inConitacting tilepersonnel of the Rtlreau of' ttoldbythe rundici aiulturitthataoriie.de-s .'Agriculturil Extension. Three d~iis later they or­ rniorist rator\w LiIdhe assi gried tt lliecorn m tiiiitv'.M rs. Gircia has a f'ricnd \\ho is t4-1-1leitder andl n RIC nizeda4-11 Club intheirownco nlunities. mceiiher. Onc dia v Mrs. (Iarcin attended t ilectinr, (b) Green ind white colors 1lished under the of RIC ind a der trttion iiieetiing of her friend's Mr: the streets \\ere agog with groups ofchattering 4-H club in Minila. She \\itsMilch impressed. boys aid girls f'llling iniline: the drtrils rd bugles She iil'Oricd tile iicnlbers of' ier Churchl her blared. A \el-dccorated float passed by to friends. the toM\1n courilor. ahout it. I-Icr chuitrch take its place in the praderitl. A man stood won­ :ippinied her tdUlt Icader for tie \otth organizai- dering as lie \\itched thiis. Hie si\% 4-11 syribols tion. She fitd 'rlirtCd to orLiiC tihe Club \hen marked on all sides o" :ie floait. StandingL in the [ht'nie, homnedenrirraorrrived aid tfh\' '.orked middle of' the float \%is a yotlrrg girl stirril-g sonie­ toLclhCr. Il h director o' tle ILtIeltl of' Aric ul- thing in atpot of cli\. In one corner \,as a yotuig turil Fcouornie;. M.ini irilorriied of' thir activ!it\. boy \\ith i sprinkler ion his hand. Someone -en ci emi b:ir, thearliin ore r.cenlt\, becatie of approached the on-lookers anrid handed tleni icr leadership. ,he \wis a ppoiritcd tile iiiatron of' a leaflets. The i allt rierstoo,! tile reilinieg of 4-H 'i ri's dormitor\ in Baguio. club \work. 45 - Clubs may select or elect­

(a) Juan Santos of barrio Duhat, Bulacan, is htter known to the village folks as Mang Juan. .4C ie' is short in stature; talkative but well-liked by the barrio people and loved by the young folk for . .I his interest in their welfare and dcsirc to help them soetheir prohlems.

*Jl):im,l~ told its siors 1hrough pilltogr. l;tblications. lsprs (lone Iyclub tnttiers. and iell-kept 'ecordhooks. 060l~ i i, PQ

Ihi \asais proviincial 4-li achievement dax . and the parade \\is follo\ed b\ other activities. The man saw all the cxhibits on food, clothing. home impromement. home iidnstries. i1ouIt rv. piggery, and I't.irncrops- the demonstrations. and - the literar-miusical program. It set him to thinking. It stirred hinm to actiona. One \\cck later, a 4--1 lhe (Cambodian exhibit caught m:i n.i t'cli~iiti its disply' Club \\as orainllcd in his barrio aind manv other of pitutres pubtio n vill Ies.

JAM . t:..,*il

Products of Koretiri club irk. :ollnng thitni the brighi-Iud -,ira%1 mil seen here aind lter presented to Phra Pritkas.Sahakorn, were effectieC:llention getters. K ,e.i'C,t\lilit sas anillg Ihc iolst tlhborate. 46 The lartistry of Indonesia was shown by fine needlework, straw weaving, colorful lamps, and decorative figurines.

. .

A " •. . . ..

0 ()ki %%t,,helltile\,ug01.g people of the barrio sters and respected by their elders. It is probably orianiied a 4-H Club and chose olicers, Mang because of these characteristics that he vigorously Juan \\ as unanimously elected by the boys and girls declined the honor when he was informed by the as,the adult leader. After the election all mernbers club members of his election as leader. It took o'thC club led by Pedro. tile newly elected president, much prodding on the part of club members before ellt to tile hlous, of Nanl Juan to inform him of lie finally gave his assent. his election. Mang Jlan was reluctant to accept. He offered many reasons for not taking the leader- Castro has exerted all his efforts to help the ship. but finally was prevailed upon to agree. club and its members. Through his initiative and hard work the club has now a cooperative swine (b) Putting 13uangin is a small and, until project. the first of its kind in the province. recently, an unimproved barrio at kilometer 136 along tile national highway in Batuan. The residents (c) Another example is that of a new 4-H persistently resisted progress. Then came Bernabe Club in barrio Pogoncily, Pangasinan. Amado C. Aromin, the Municipal agriculturist, who Dumlao, the president of the Pogoncily 4-H Club, explained to them the objectives of the Extension knows some members of tli provincial Department Service. After gaining the confidence of the people. of Agriculture and Natural Resources staff. He he organized the local Noung people tinder 4-H. went to them and requested the several agencies to work with them. He did a good job of publici- Realizing the great responsibility that the club zing the club. assisting in livestock dispersal, and has in improving thle general condition of te barro, so on. The club itiibers were unanimous in the ini inber tile members convenedilegeneralcondiin one day in MacMarch t956 1956 totaro, thiappointing cuirlae.Hhim not only theirhstespoto president but alsoh choose an adult leader thtt can guide them in their junior leader. He has tle Support of the execution of their objectives. Without his know- barrio folk. ledge. Felix Castro was elected leader. Extension agents choose­

Castro i,,a quiet, unassuming man with a It is seldom that an extension agent chooses magnetic personality. He is loved by the young- the local leader. In a situation where a club is the 47 first to be organized in a village, and tile children (4) Get tile job done-do not do it and their parents are undecided. the extension (5) Inspire, teach, lead worker selects the leader. (6) Democratic in nature Leaders do not inherit their jobs. The job comes into existence and tile man or woman is (c) Where are the persons with these require­ found. Below is our guide for discovering and ments? recruiting leaders: Our experiences show that there are (a) What is the job to be done? potential and resourceful leaders in all (i) Organize 4-H club rural communities provided that chances (2) Plan program to reveal this to advantageare stimulated. (3) Conduct subject-matter instruction They may be found among (a) village (4) Other tasks leaders, (b) farm homemakers, (c) retired (b)What qualifications or skill does this teachers, and so on. require? (d) Will the group support or follow this (I) Desire to serve person? (2) Inspire others (3) Get others to lead They will if he - Is liked and respected by local people. Is liked by boys and girls. Has sincere liking for boys and girls. Has high moral standards. Is enthusiastic about 4-H club work. Is cooperative, enjoys working with others. .Is unselfish, has regard for others. Gets others to help and assume responsibility. S - -,4-H leader's training-

The leaders through which extension work is [-- carried to the 4-H members are gi'en all the hina s exhihit isasone of the most exlensi~e. Among its opportunities to learn and, therefore. are given features Isere cloice canned pickles and other edibles for ishich training and servicing ol the following- China isfamous-iruduCIS of clih) cooking projects. Aims and objectives of' 4-H Club work. Organization and reorganization of4- H Cluhs. Project requirements and sub ect-matter in­ ..... 'structions to menibers. Accomplishment of' 4-H records and reports. Planning programs for r-ecular 4-H Club V Ilmeetinegs and other activities. How~ to conduct 4-I-1 Club nicetines. How to conduct a 4-H Club officers' training school. How to conduct demonstration and judging 'Ir wor k. Demonstration on imiproved methods in pro­ ject work. Supervision and follow-up of home projects. Relationship of parents to 4-H program. Music and recreation. In the Philipnines 4-11 (lub ncinberslin totals inore than 60 How to select, display, and judge 4-H exhibits. thousand. Starting i itlha larte map shooint distribution of How to conduct special 4-H activities such as Inembership and actisties, this country's exhibit included a achievement day.rallies, picnics, tours, etc. cross-section of many activities, sith the emphasis on materials for handcraft products %shich,like coconuts, are %sithineasy How to present achievements of the club to reach of people of the land. the community. 48 Case History-Philippines Assistance from Groups . and Sponsors

As early as 1946, when the 4-W Clubs of the Philippines were first organized, a need was felt for a sponsorintg organization or foundation to assist by providing incentives for boys and uirls. Such thin s are diflicult to arrange through public tax ' , .

Nai Nana Buakhao, conference exhibits officer, is pictured with a part of Thailand's iaried display. The rack at the left has lighted transparencies above and publications on the shelves below. At his right stands an exquisitely costumed doll presented to Phra Prakas Sahakorn by the .lapanese delegation. funds. It is an accepted fact in the Philippines that incentives are very essential in the promotion of , activities for children, not alone for their material value but to stimulate interest and competitive activity. Initial contacts wvere made with excuLtives of several large commercial concerns.

In 1952 at an invitational luncheon meeting in Manila 9 groups were represented. It was tenta­ tively agreed to organize a sponsoring association. Finally, charter membership was accepted by the \ nice gesture from the United States: 4-11 Club work makes following persons in an organization known as the friends among young people ofmany nations. National 4-H Club Advisory Council of the Philippines, Inc.: Jorge R. Revilla, chairman; Frank A. Roa, vice chairman; Robert E. Darling, treasurer: Carmelo Mendoza, PRO; Richard M. _iownass, Vernon Hill, John Sycip, M.C. Miller, -l R.F.Dempster, Peter Kerridge.

ADO Other comparies and groups have exhibited " 'their willingness to assist by common agreement A -between the Bureau of Agriculture Extension and Sothers cooperating. A firm must have the following S"tqualifications to be eligible for membership in the I council. These requirements were presented by the Philippine delegation as a guide:

(I)It must be a firm or organization doing bus.ness in the Philippines. (2) Must believe in the promotion of youth work and the encouragement of the participation of the young people in home, community and national activities.

Vietnam's exhibit, centrally located, put an accent on home (3) Must have a knowledge of 4-H aims and economics projects, featured also 4-T flags, emblems, a large objectives and keep up-to-date and be informed of relief niap, and photographs. the 4-H program. 49 (4) Must not use the 4-H Club organization Case History-Korea as a means to advertise their products but may mention their contribution and participation in this youth movement. Assistance from Groups (5) Must not represent a political group nor organization afiliated with any political activity. (6) Must be represented in the council by an individual who should participate in the planning of activities and program dedicated to the promo- The desirability of inviting assistance from tion of youth work. private groups and sponsors seems to be supported (7) No single individual representing only by the successful experiences of those who have himself or his own particular business can be tried it. It appears useful even ifample public funds taken as a member (in other words, only persons are available. Private sponsors add a sense of representing groups or corporations). public support and acceptance to the program which is most stimulating. The proper participa­ (8) Must pay the expenses of the National 4-H tion of sponsors insures a public interest which Club rally held in anm place decided by the council governmental financing alone can seldom achieve. at least once a year in which their local represen- It contributes an atmosphere of importance to the tatives, whenever they can, will participate in the program. 4-H program, demonstrate any part of their business activity that may be utilized to advantage In Korea the 4-1- Club program was started by the youth and by the community. before there was any possibility of governmental support. Korean businessmen, American soldiers Council Accomplishment- andcivilians oftheoccupLation orces gave assistance. Beginning in 1954 after the invasion, the American- (1) Aids extension in advancing the leadership Korean Foundation addcd a part of its resources. and influence of the 4-H program. Especially important was provision for an American consultant and three Korean assistants to work at (2) Provides awards in the form of certificates, the national level. They provided two motor pins and medals to 4-H'ers and adult leaders, vehicles, prizes and other material support. In the (3) Assists and helps finance development of fall of 1954 the Korean National 4-H Club Coin­ leaders training program. mittee was organizcd to assist nationwide. (4) Finances the National 4-H rally. A considerable portion of the initial project (5) Provides eight 400-pesos scholarshiips for materials came from privately donatcd sources, oneyearofcollegein aericultureorhome economics, including 4-H Clubs of the United States. Through (6) Finances the trip to the United States of the Korean National 4-H Committee, it is possible two National 4--1 winners through the International to pool tile contributions of private and commercial Farm and Youth Exchange Programs. groups who wish to make donations. The total of these smaller contributions is a most significant (7) This year tile council plans to offer eight phase of the program's support. 200-pesos scholarships to second prize winners. (8) Plans to finance the trip to South East Asian countries of two 4-H'ers. Case History-Korea

In addition to the ,ational assistance which is U of Incentives provided the 4-H movement in the Philippines, the se participation of private sponsors and industrial groups demonstrates thatt he development ofayouth and Awards program is not alone the responsibility of the gov­ ernment. Outside organizations can contribute to the development of the program and to the Because of the "bootstraps" nature of tile public's appreciation of it. A sponsoring organi- Korean 4-H operation, incentives, recognition zation's main responsibility is to assure that and awards played a vital role in program develop­ sufficient enzouragement and motivation isavailable ment. It was early recognized that prizes or awards and to stimulate public acceptance and acclaim, were effective even though of low monetary value. 50 They were highly cherished and prized by recipients. Case History-Korea This points to a basic principle, that awards need not be ofgreat economic or material value in order to bring satisfaction, but rather, they should come as a recognition of accomplishment. As it was in ancient Greece, the crown of olive leaves was a of Id mark of high achievement and tile most valued tion of Parents award. The fact that 4-H Club work is performed in Recently Korea has been making use of the the hiome and on the farm means that it must have standard 4-H pin as an incentive to broader 4-H the ap)roval of the entire family group. In Korea achievements. The privilege of earning the right to the most successful clubs are those where the leader wear the 4-H emblem seems to be sufficient honor takes an interest in the member's family by: and incentive to stimulate heightened interest and (I) Obtaining the parents permission for their achlievle en. children to become members of the club. The leader makes a visit to the member's home at which The opportunity of showing the results of time the program is thoroughly explained. their work to the public provides a very real incentive to members. Certificates of achievement and (2) Inviting parents to meetings when special congratulatory letters from government officials, programs have been prepared for their enlightenment army' personnel, and the National 4-H Club Con- and entertainment. inittee have also proved effective. (3) Making occasional inspections of the members' projects and discussing them with the While awards are necessary and desirable, there parents. Complimenting them ol progress made, are many pitfalls in their use. For example, if and making suggestions for improvement. These prizes or awards are too great in monetary value, visits are very much appreciated by the parents and comnmercialism creeps in. This will destroy the go a long way in promoting the program. educational value and the high ideals of 4-H. (4) Assisting the members to obtain project material by developing the parent cooperation. Leaders must be alert to assure that members In many instances the parent must go in partnership do not use unfair methods intentionally or innocent- with his boy or girl in carrying out the ly in exhibiting their project work. All materials project. exhibited should represent efforts of the individual (5) Acquiring publicity on the radio, in news­ member alone. A thorough review of each project papers and magazines, both Korean and English. record book is essential and it is desirable that the This has been most helpful in interesting parents record should be a part of the total consideration and others in the 4-H program. Arranging for in making an award, publicity in club activities, reporting ol winners of contests, has been very helpful in promotimy the The Judging of'project work must be thoroughly program in Korea. Every effort should be mmaue to competent and honest. Clubs have lost interest keep publicity flowing out to the public. and friendships have been broken because of favor- (6) Securing the cooperation of schools and itism by judges. Boys and girls do not mind los- universities, churches and civic organizations has ing first prize if they know their work has been also been very effective. During the past two fairly judged. File same standards must be used years in Korea four universities have requested for all. Therefore, it is important to train judges. speakers to discuss the 4-H Club program before It is important also for judges to give reasons for theirclasses in agriculture and social science. Three their decisions. These reasons should be in writing had special discussion groups oil the program. or given publicly. Only persons with competent knowledge and high integrity should be used in Parent cooperation can be obtained when this capacity, confidence in the programs has been established. If parents believe that 4-1-1 Club work increases Incentives and awards can be very effective income, develops character, citizenship and a better forces for either good or evil in 4-H Clb work. If way of life, their support will be forthcoming. It used sparingly, they spur members on to greater is suggested that extension agents or local leaders effort and attract more members to the program. will get better parent cooperation if they will call on Ifused unwisely, they may discourage members and parents of all members; talk with parents about bring criticism to the entire program. 4-H work at every opportunity; hold meetings in the 51 homes of parents when possible; arrange for a tour long games, visits to places of educational and to all members at homes; help members entertain historical nature, representation of literature, and parents; include parents in activities and events; ask plays. parents to help show appreciation. Skilled leaders can teach 4-T'ers many games Activities that inform and interest parents in our training program. If the leaders know how include having special and social events with parents; to lead the games, learning them becomes attrac­ holding several public or community events to rive, lively and joyful. The same game will be dull which parents are invited; visits to parents by leader if the leader does not have enough skill or organizes at least once a year: discussing objectives and it at an inappropriate time or place. For example, contactsprojects atto meetings:tings. takingaigavntg advantage offcac chance a game to be given in the open can't be organized indoors. Also, we fail when we give a collective In addition to the documents and presentation game to a few people. Again, it is necessary to by Korea, the delegation of Thailand presented know perfectly the value of our games. If the Document No. 105, "Parent Cooperation," which agent responsible for the program knows how to elaborates on the Korean presentation. explain the game, and he will give boys and girls more choice, he will contribute effectively in the Case His tory- Vte tnai 4-T educational program. Games should be engaged in according to the Music and Recreation health and age of participants, sometimes separately for boys or for girls. There are some practical The Vietnamese delegation presented its case games which may be played by boys and girls history on the place and influence of music and together. Through them are learned good recreation by the demonstration method. The sportsmanship and poise. following sections from Document No. 113 give an indication of the areas of consideration. Reference Some easy games­ is made here also to the Working Group Report of (a) Blow off'candle-Two 4-T'ers (girl or boy) Group F (Youth). both are blindfolded. Each holds a candle and (a) MusicI-Viet nanm has its old music, which the one who blows out the candle of the other will dates back thousands of years. It is distinctly bcte winner. This game trains 4-'ers to be different in each region. The center of Vietnam, active and develops sportsmanship. the South and the North have their own regional (b) Hide-and-seek an object. music. During the last 20 years and especially (c) Singing while forwarding object from hand in the last 10 years Vietnamese music has been con- to hand. siderably modernized. It takes inspiration from tile popular songs of farmers. (d) Design of human statue. Three very simple musical songs of three re- Music and games are as important as other gions of Vietnam were presented. They are easily technical activities of the 4-T Clubs. If the taught by leaders to 4-T'ers. Club leaders have leader knows how to compose the speeches of taken inspiration from farmers* songs to compose the song, the summing uip ofan educational farming music for 4-T musical programs. They stress the lesson about garden work, building of bed, replant­ words and the tunes most suitable for each region ing of paddy, he will amuse young 4-T'ers and turn and each rural level. The 4-T agents responsible the subjects will be more quickly learned. for this program do not need to explain or repeat a song serveral times. The young boys and girls We have also songs with speeches telling us learn quickly. They like to repeat after us their about the 4-T pledge or explaining the purpose of local musical tunes. our4-T Club programs. We avoid the songs showing love or tenderness Thus, the pledge is quickly and easily learned and the games harmful to the health or dignity of by 4-Ters and they remember it for a very long 4-T boys and girls. time. (b) Games-The story of games is a ver,, large subject. We limit ourselves here to the disL sion In order to be successful in our 4-T training and use of short games. We have not enough time program we must use music and games in our to present our viewpoint on travelling, camping, teaching. 52 WORKING GROUPS T HE six working groups brought to common focus the best thinking of the entire conference on six matters of primary concern. Each group was made up of selected representatives of the several countries, and the membership was augmented by inter­ preters and technical advisors. The working bodies met separately in their own rooms. and reported back to a general session with their conclusions and recommendations.

FINAL REPORT OF WORKING GROUP A Philosophy, Objectives and Organization fc,,mbers Countries Positions Aembers Countries Positions THuINONG SINGALA- NGUYEN VAN MUNG Vietnam Director of Fundamen- VANIA, Chairman Thailand Chief of Extension tal Education Center, Service Tan An

SALVADOR IBOIVAR, SHOSCHI NAKADA Japan Deputy Chief o f Reporter Philippines District 4-4 Leader Extension, Ministry of Agriculture \VI sIIN- SMII If, Advisor Vietnam Rural Youth Advisor LAU BA PHUOC Vietnam Director of Publications USOM and Reading Materials for Rural People, Tan An NGLUYL.N Bicit Vietnam Extension Agent ROEM PURNARIKSIIA Thailand Chief Technical Officer J.H. Bovo Korea USOM, Agricultural Department of Agricul- Extension Advisor ture

PR.-Mo1i BUACHATI Thailand Chief of Regional DR.PROMTEPSAVANG Cambodia Director, National Extension Center, School of Agriculture Lopburi

TIANETHONE CHAN- MISSMARIATARELLINI Cambodia U N E S C 0 Technical THARASY Laos Deputy Director of the Assistance Mission to F o re ig n T r a d c Cambodia Department NGUYANTRUNGTONG Vietnam Extension Agent KIRAN MAN! DIKSHlIT Nepal Chief of E x t e n s i o n Training School H.L. WANG Republic Vocational Education of China and Provincial 4-H HAMDANI Indonesia Foreign Relations Supervisor Section, Ministry of Agriculture CHARLES SANDERS Laos Agriculture Specialist USOM PRIDA KARNASUT Thailand Chief, Agric.:ture Divi- sion, Department of MIss VERNA VOLZ Thailand "'WCA Secretary Fisheries

M.C. LAKSHNAKARA KASHEMSANTA Thailand Director-Gencral,)e­ partment of Agriculture T.C. LETTS Republic Advisor of Vocational of China Agricultural Education. ICA I. PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF KADAR MARWANI Indonesia Assistant to )ircctor of EDUCATIONAL WORK WITH RURAL Extension, Ministry of Agriculture YOUTH MEN-CHHUNI Cambodia Minister of Education Director Fundamental A. PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION WORK Education WITH RURAL YOUTH VAN TRUONG MIU Vietnam Member Community Development Team, A rural youth program is the educational Tan An upliftment of the rural youth which embraces 53 physical, mental, spiritual, and social growth. It is 13. Rural youth work develops leadership and con­ an extensive system of out-of-school education cepts of service above self. where the welfare and interest of tile youth is tile 14. Rural youth work promotes te agricultural paramount objective. vocation arid assi-ts national agricultural mprovemcnt. mind the \Vorking Group A. earing in interests, prohlcns. and welfare of our youth, and tileneed for a well-rounded program, has adopted B. OBJECTIVES OF RURAL YOUTH WORK tile follo\ inc hasic principles for educational work with rural youtth. I.To encourage rural yout h to develop desirable ideals and staidards for farming. homemaking, 1.R1.r 0\%outh w\ork pronlotcs democraLtic comnmunity life,. aid citizenship. and a sense of actix itcs of \onth and the \kelf'are of the nation responsibility for their "ittalinmcnt. throtfi,,?h prpeziiduidmcc oflits\ ouith, 2. To givC rural \ outh technical instruction in 2. Rutiral \ outh \\ok i5 note eonerncd \ ithe lfarminig nd Iomctnal, il$. that the\ may acquire dvelopment (id itluproIlCut of h)\ s ald !girk .kill and uLidcrstandin in thechficldN and a clearer into beitertulClt nlld tlId 1orC usC'ul vision of a,,_,!iCtiur,_eaIS I basic indtlry, ald of cititens than \%ith hc te.\ Clopittnit of projects. honlemakll'i as a \\ orlh oCCpatioll. thus ilcieas­ 3. Rural \t0t1h \work ik an e',,cnie and Informal ing the pige of1the Iir11i, and homenaking svsncll of" edIlcr tion I'mr\otlI, people in Mhich proft'esioils. tri in, i,S i\ el to both adlt tllld \ Ct11g people 3. To provide urll', i \,,ti1ltil al OppotrttulitV to learn in hc !Ilds of criculltre. home nmaking. and I)vdoing. through conclu.tiluc cCrtail farm and reltLid subjiets . holle enterprises, alld dctltoistrat ll-,to others what 4. Rural ,,outh \\0ot1 dc\Clop, the abilities and ihovhave earned. talents of, outi people to \,ork ilndplay together 4. To teach trali \ouith tile practical value of tidicltuts ilnprox c tlnCisi\Cs. their families. their modern techniques. and to dexelop in then a scicn­ comuln.uitiC, and their countries. titic attitude t,.ard thc problnilis of the farm and 5. R,,ual \ x, \tothok is \oliLtitar\. Ittioe. not the home. iipose or eomvi.nd. It is non-political and non- 5. To instill in the indis of rura.ll youth an intelli­ ,ectarianl. It stimulkitc, the democratic acti cities gent uiderstanding and appreciation of natuire and 0f the ,,oth atlndmakes lis. of volutary Vdtlt of their relitionship to it. leadership. 6. To train rurl Noith illcooperative action, 0. Ruril \ outhi xxor lps \111oti people to hel) that thile\ mv increaC their accoIll ishmnllts and, thtnmsclve,, throu,,h ass(ociated el1'Ort s. may better assist in 7. RLtIi.i\ outih work makes xxidc iseof teaching solving problems. methods \xhcrcb% people learn to do by doing. ld 7. To d' clolp illruirItl \ut.h habits of heathfll V mutual e\Clihalnne of' skills. knovled,., and livini., to proiIdC then with information and attitudcIS. direction in the intclli<,ent use of leisure, and to S. Rural \ottli \\01rk tcithing takes place where arm*se in them \orthy ambitions and a desire to problems cxist \xith pceplc on their farnirs. in their continue to Ilarn, that theyinm live fuller and home,. and ill their Coillunltlllie,. richer lives.

9. Rural \otith piorainsl,, istil was bo based 8. Todeillon strt cto rural l\'othitletods desicued ol the intcrests and recognized Icelds Of VOLI. to ilprove piacticCs in igLiCLIItLtrc aId homnlllak­ ing,. to the end tlhit farm incmles may be incieased, 10. Rural \oUthIx ork is intendced to serve the wel- standards of living ilmprlo\d, and the satisfactions tire of' rural people through informal education of' farm life enhanced. based oil science. fae-t. antid reslts of research. 9. To promote a greater desire for world under­ 11. Rural oitLIixxork iniust start x heie tile youth standing and good will aniong rural y'outh through are and ith xilt they have. 1111provmenllt begins sharing offhealthy experiences and cultures with from there. youth of other lands. 12. Rural vo uth prograNis stii IIlate the youth to 10. To instill in tlie minds of youth the Value and develop sportsmanship, good will, cooperation, dignity of labor: thit to work on the farm and in dependability, and self-reliance, the home is honorable. 54 II. THE ROLE OF RURAL YOUTH PRO- Much of the serious isork of tilt conference was alccomplished GRAMS IN TIlE DEVELOPMENT OF by the six vo,. ig groups. IIere the excellent facilities of COMMIUNITY AND NATION Santitha iNId', shomsed to special idsntage, for each group labored in its omn air-conditioned and conseniently located I. Promotion of Co almunity unity, spirit, and room ofa size anl charactern suiled to its purpose. cooperation. 2. Promotion of democratic living and working together for the henefit of all. 3. Development of positive leadership. 4. Development of community pride contagious to adults. 5. Development of' good citizenship. - , Ol

6. Minimizing of' iunelc delinquency. . , 7. Dco\relpmCnt of self-confidence and the ability to plan and %%or, toethcr. S. -lelping in solving the problems of the commuiut,. :and the nation, reluctant be,'.iase they d) not understand tile pur­ 9. Improvement of home and community pose, so tliceaders have to stin uilate interest and siitation id i ine cotlditiOilS. desire through simple pr'iects or activities and 10. DC\ clopmett of conmmunity service and guide effort to satisfictory ac',ievelent. acco npl ishm nt. B. TYPE OF CLUB III. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION 1. It is good social practice for boys and girls to A. ORGANIZING AND LEADERSHIP associate with each other in organized groups; it is felt that mixed groups are desirable, except when I. The people capable of orgaiizing 4-H Clubs rigid culltural and rel iciouN CUStOlIS do not allow. are not only the 4-I-1 Club agcnts. but also parcnts. 2. School and coin nn it\ clubs arc designred to teachers. rclieiou leaders or any ohltitarV grouIp ilcet tile ee1ds o1'1\\ 0 difl'crCIt group of1rnural youth or ind iid ralI interested inl the deCeloplent of aid both can be made sIccessfnl proided adequate \ouri people and the rural comnuinitv \itlin the supervision and suitable facilities can he given. phil ,ophl . 0h'Ccti\e MICdp 1rpe ef rcrilwd h\ 3. It is m uch casir for t e locall leader and all the -I-Il Club principles an~d proeedtres. [he asistance club members to Car\ out the ,atie kind of project, ol'the technical extensioni ageis is dlira )lC. but it is More ilmIportallllt 1'or tIe local leader to meet 2. An pesoil,o i) the Colllllllnlr such -, school the rcquiretiicnts arid interests o1' the Noting people, lchcrs. parents. rcligiu Ieader . village headnmen, so a variety of projects is recommended. hiusi nessmen ,ho really Understand tile purposes and objccties of' Ihe youtlh \\ork tid are \\illirng to C. SIZE OF CLLJI wrk with thetii. canl e local leaders. I. The number of members per club varies in dif­ 3. Most bo~s and girls like to take a part in any ferent countries (for instance, Japan 5 to 20, Thai­ youth activities or organ izat ionls, but many remain (Continued Om Page 58) 55 Official FAR EAST RURAL YOUTH CON, February

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FRONT R~OW' MRS. F~il SifImi/t. Ki i(\Ki Ni \ioio, IK:-N K! ()i\11. N,,,NoK IIAiiAII., N1 OIOK1 NIitKAxMI. SAv'iiIKO I IA)Y\K \%N Vi! I IlONOi, N~jiyiIN liiITIiO\N, Pi(ANL \1 S,.\ \N0)!)Jimii LNI. Tiii N KONiIKRIiS, (iV. CII \N(j, lH(i iN. LWV. u e, I Ai R(1 PUTN'A'RiKitA. . CAMI RON, [)N P. CAitI iR. F'iINI SIANANi)~M ', Ii MI,\N"\NOSiN(' .I~ 1). Sit A, St Si1)1 O'd,, TU ('1 jtioGt O(iIN LON. UTARiiAtI D.J\t AR, JIutS NOIi LJAI MAxt mi. SIsv,\; CiIAII I

SECOND ROWV DANIi HUiYNtI. Lt 'IS NI AtiM N, Do0\ SoM\AINONG, 'TtIANOMSAKm~ ANEIKLUE, NcUYt N VAN~'LANII, Si 1IN NAN[ ', KAN(; Ki N Ciii' Kimi KAi' YONU(, ClImauis A. AM (misoN.LIAO Cmn-TsNG(, LiE Tsi N-Il ', I ISU NIINo'-SI N, CI um II D~A, SJOI JAN KAMN SALVADO F. Boi[Ait, G.A. LINIwt:,WI tt, NicANOR DIIL ROSARiIO, J[A'N IB. (xiiO..\ s A.Z. ItU'ND,\Gi, W1 LI iN(;1ON HIjINK.

THIRD ROWV SE' rip PoNcGCIIAiyAtItt\I. Nit N CIMUMEMSUPItM GACttAJt\'A, MASAJI MAlIJMOTO, NG;UYE.N-VAN LANIt, TAMIOI' (I PRtASFILTPAN, Pitom Tit' SAVANE;. JAMEIS L EASONM. Ki-sI CiiEA, SYSAIoUI-II SIVANALY, lBuu LOAN. LEF. MCGAi0. PiANMOTi 3U.AC'IIAII, NIOTOSUKI. SU'ZUKI, BOLIMAN, JOHN AUDRIC, CitUAN SUWANtiAw, HAI. St'LLRS, Yt.M YtFi. So~i\wuK TAMErr.

TOP ROW SHiOICHI NAKATA, NGUYI.N TIuNG TONG, THAVALAYA HUNAPUN, KANMOI CHANTATERO, CIIANA JAISOOK. P\Jo. 56 hotograph ERENCE -BANGKOK, THAILAND 11-22, 1957

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., PA'qNi L [III)INrEILK, T"\S sriIIIN Lil TRit\K~i % .\y\ I~ti~ %NOSiiPKAR [AN]IlWON+(I, Li 1 YIIII O., WON C IIUJN(i SOOK, TIRUONCI 1111 I K. I I&('I N1 N.A'tl*.gR., 1)i/Y(l IIP1 N ASII.I PiItRA PRlxXK.S S tll4K~iI/N I CIvijI'#unI# of Co#!fI'I'nrL'), NI.C. LA KSI INA KARA KAS)I IIMSANTA, AsNuJA. IIuoI. SII!IIl, IRS /ASII'OlN K\SSXNANI),S. VIS+IONNSRtI CIIANI)R,l'l>-\NG. iI I(I LAIrRI] 110('OI1. M'ARIA TSIlI.IIINI, CATALINA A, A-NOOON 'llos'l.sK' LI

I, PORNl'RI SS"NSNOl SAsMA! SSS-S.S IN., 1I l) SIW..SNSKII, CIIAsl,%I' SL'I'SARN, PIN! r SUVANAJATA. SIIII" VONorIolIsIK, JOsI It H. BOsu, -SllltN.IIVu.\o 0Ci,s.; - KIN ,v '.oN H~w,s-H~N. Wut CItIN-KJI N, C'~oIIS I l-Cltli. JASInt FILIJAN~ONr, SA\WANG KANTAI'IRAT, MARILIIITO BAMRLNO AlIIIP,\l, ANtIN INl Sf PIl Wi II:L P)III/AN, KASIINA1 LIIlRO)I, LOUIS F"(NTIINOTI, JlR.. NIRur OIAIK UI, CItAII-RM POLNARA

NI), CIIAIROIN KON(I lION. SAM..AI SASAXNAIVIN OUN INliAVONG, CIIP IS SASNI)IIS, TIANI; TIIONE' CIIANTItARASY, IIAMI)ANI, PIRACHtOTE T'ATAN(I, RAIIAII)I)JA, JAIJOON KoN;SAR, SANGAR, YI'IItOl, KAI)AI( NIAIVwANI. RAIJINIIN, HASAN SUDIIIOA. HIKARU TAMAI, IKuO YAGISAWA, FAUSTINO MA\CU1AY. KIRAN MANI DIKSIIIT, U()YCIIAI VA'I-IAPItIoI:I, IROONSONG KANPAI, WARRI'N SCItII)T, CIIAMROON VIM~OLNTYA,

MvAVAKARN. KANIOL KAJARAVECII, CIIAROEN UNNANOND, S. SrRN, WIESI.EY S. SMITIh, 57 (lt onillu'dfimi pto355 t N land 12 to 30. Philippines 10( to 30, Victilam 6-no maximum), but experience indicatcs tlat there should be no riaid lixed limits; experience in most countries also indicates hat if tlie ii timber is less than 5. interest xill decrease, and if the iitinuber exceeds 30. it is d It1erent for both memIbhers ai d -,i. leaders to condutict a prograinl t licien iv. 4

IV. BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR 1L.A NNIN(; " " }; AND CONDUCTING CLUB NIEFINGS . 11"11 A. PLANNING I

.Clubmeetings are most important and neces- tHead table at the American Assuciation bi-isecklv luncheon, sarv for the well-rounded development of young to licli delegates were mi jted In Brice M. Nae.',Jr. and the people, especially ini tile development of democratic Association. The speaker ias S.L Keeny, regional direc­ attitudes, skills aiid knoledge. tor of UNICEF. Seated at right, in dark suit, was A merica n Amlassad or. N ax \V. iBishop. the 2. Club meetings should be wll planned in advance and held reCgla rly. as observers. Occasionally, special meetings may 3. The length of elh, b meetings should be deter- be necessarv for mcmbers oiillv. On tile other hand, miiied b\ tie agenda and 1w tile interest and capa- it is often desira ble to call special meetings for cities of members to prolit aid assimilate; regular parents" participation. chub meeUtings should not exceed three hours each. 2. I' is desirable that tile rural youth club agent 4. A \\cll-balalicCd rti1Car nie tin, l tides rca- or his represcitative attend club meetings as often sonable aiio1[lit of inlc de\oted to hiisitness matter, as possible. especially when technical matters are project istrlictioi and liealthfill recreation, al- discussed. though VxariatioIis do cxist hct\ cc countries" some provide more timte for recreation for \oiiiger Ie D. EVALUATION groups and moie ti,: for iistructionof Older a ,e groups. Other variations depend on the niaturitv Periodic evaluation of the work done helps to of the groups or the members. prepare a better future program. 5. Program planning is not time wasted; it is time invested. V. RECOMMENDATIONS

B. CONDUCTING Group A recommends that

1. Boys and girls learn by doing: club leader or I. a rural youth workshop be conducted every agent should guide and stiiMlate them to take active t\0 yer'1 This .\\ild give sufficient time between part in all clib itetin,-s. con ferences to ma ke pogress and evahnations within coLntrv pr'or lils. 2. A good trai i'inig prog ram rlcl orhl'ctrs should inchude techniueCs oI'r couduictinrig goiod mCet ingc- 2. 1:1tutire c)iifCrcecc, ineltude work groups on and grouip actiX ties. It is dsirable for cliib olbeers actual principles aid tech niqtiues oti topics to include to understand the principles of' deiiiocracv club olccr [ralining, conducting clti b meetines. un dcr1ii g [liet ccliii e. 3. T11ere he aiiean c ofvoulh1c \\orkcrs and 3. Young people like to cuj,,. lihnisclvecs but the\ mmclnblers ainon. tile prlicipaltiiig couintries. should not eitet onl\ to ha\,2 a good time: Club 4. There be i f'ree exehailec of inf'orniation (docu­ leetings should al s haVeine\ an educational and IeitS)ns 1111OW-1 tile? COL1lties sponsorhing tile rural practical 'alutie (for insa nce. project work). VotithIInovclin, aiid that countries try to facilitate C. ATTENI)ANCT this exclaigC \\itliout too inuchic'red tape." 5. That attention be directed by governments I. Club meetings are for club members; parents to the necessity of encouraging tle rural youth and other people from the community may attend movement. 58 FINAL REPORT OF WORKING GROUP B Recognition of work program Training, Planning and Publicity Evaluation and reports

Aembers Cotlories Positions (c) Training for vacancies NICANOR lfl ROSARIO, Apprenticeship Choirmtn Philippines National 4-1-1 Club Supervisor, Bureau of Attendance at work shops, seminars,

P SM1.ANA, Agricultural Economics and conferences Relorter Thailand Chief, Extension Educa- Attendance at special training schools tion.Kasetsart Uni\ersity in extension [lMS R NC'I. McG,sri¢, i xeso lldri.;or Indonesia InternationAd Coopera- 2. People to do lie trainine­ tion Adi inistr:tio n -. t Ki \i-Cii, Camhodia Agricultural F\tension Scr, ice To inaugurate the \work, a training team of Louis EONtL-NO, JR. C(anrhdia ihnitnrlional ('0oeera- supervisors, subject-matters specialists and coil­ tierAdiiniktraion sultanrts is needed, and it is advisable to make use of C.K .\VL Relmuhlic Chief. 1-Il1 Section, of China I'ro\ incial Farmers the service of these people whenever required. Association1 IA1i-. Mt.Nwt 3. The period of training depends on­ R StijimIN Indonesia Chief, Agricultural I (1uication (a) Background of officers to be trained Kx'rsA SJOIJ \N Indonesia Prmincial AnricultUtal and eduealo.l It\Cl of thC youtll. Otlicer MaSS I10oKO NIhZt;KAx',l ,Japan I Ionic IFcolln ist, I Ioni1c (b) Conditions and felt needs or the area. Inmpioement (c) Customs and traditions. K Ni,YoN(; Ktstm Korea 4-11 Specialist O N IIiAS ONG; Laos Chief. Cahinet of Minis- (d) Experience il extetision activities ill try of Argriculttre each pal'ticutllar cotntrV. Nioti itlSC. Fi oitis Philippines Chicf. Eval I at ion Traininlg IBuireai ot (e) Fi na ncial suItpport of the sponsoring AgriculIturaI E-\tMion agencies. Generally two weeks for each level is SA\ .sso Crino-SAKUt. Thailand Chief oI Fle nsi 00 recoin nietded. This can be shortened or leng- l)ixiion, Rice rDepart- IIcned intn according to the type of training and the S,,,t.iSAS.s.,"ARIN Thailand Ag rictttluralI Offiec r. ticeds of tle Co1ni ry. )epart mrcit of Agricul- (f) Frequency of training depends upon TI (I)SlIN'ANAKIRI Thailand lA\gricultural uru rthe Officer, needs of each particutler country. )cp;lrlnlcnlt of Agricul­ ture 4. Ways of traininu include­ I. Training of Extension Workers for Rural Youth (a) Theoretical (subject-matter) training. Work (b) Practical (learn-bv-doitrg, and demon­ . Special traininge is necessary- stration) training. There should be more emphasis on practical training based on the development of (a) Pre-service training (principles) the work. General ideas (philosophy, policy, (c) Observations of other activities within principles, objectives, phases of work, the country at various levels. psychological facters) 5. Places of training include­ Subject-matter Teaching methods (c., ...leges at national level. (b) Iraining centers at provincial, district, (b)In-service training (on-the-job) municipal, and village levels with a team of super­ FollowV-up of gceneral ideas visors and subject-mattcr specialists, and consul­ tants when needed. Practical application of the proper approach 6. Other country training includes­ New skills and practical ways of work (a) Study tours for national, provincial and Program review district officers. 59 (b) If the system of organization makes it (d) Moral support. possible, and if stages of development favor and (e) Creative supervision of all activities facilities permit, local leaders, village workers, and while meeting with the village workers outstanding club members should be encouraged to join in. This is so particularly in countries with (f) Passing experiences from successful similar conditions and facilities, which have done clubs to other clubs. an advance type of information and training.

7. Selection of trainees should consider- II. Planning Yearly Club Programs at National, Provincial, District, and Local Levels (a) Experience in extension work (former youth club members should be recognized). 1. Time to plan activities (b) Age and health. Program planning should be in accordance (c) Character, attitude, and moral obli- with the need of the locality and the progress in gations to serve, activities after evaluating the accomplishments and (d) Capability and personality, before the club year begins. (e) Educational background. 2. Persons to plan the program on local level (f) Home training and farm-reared back­ ground. Planning the program at village-level should be done by a local committee that may be composed 8. All extension workers should attend a short of village leaders, rural youth leaders, extension course in order to acquaint them with the funda- officers, etc., but the provincial, district and muni­ mentals of youth work. cipal committees will help in planning until a time comes when the local committee can participate 9. (a) Extension workers may be selected for in the process of planning its own program. further training so they can carry out the program on the village or comnunit:' levels. 3. National provincial, and district planning

(b) Qualifications for the above may be by Planning should start at a low level, e.g., outstanding achievements. village level, passingihrough district and provincial, p to national. 10. Persons doing youth work should not be required to do other work, such as regular ex- 4. Cooperation with other civic organizations tension, but this depends upon the organization set­ up of each particular country in regard to the num- Planning should be processed and agreed upon ber of personnel, financial situations, and available by having the civic organizations present in order facilities. to draw their attention, cooperation and support.

11. Follow-up of the work of the village ex- 5. Exhibits and demonstrations should be tension worker may be done by using a guide out- definitely incorporated in the annual plan. line of different activities, e.g., projects, demonstra­ tions, contests, and so on. 6. Local members, particularly officers, should be encouraged to observe programs in other regions 12. Village-level extension workers should be through field trips, excursions, and field days at visited as often as possible and when needed. different levels, e.g., village, municipal, provincial, district, and national. 13. Type of help to be offered by supervisors­

(a) Help in identifying, analyzing, and sol- Iii. Publicizing Youth Work ving the problems peculiar to a particular region. 1. It is the duty of national officials, provincial, (b) Collecting information from villages district, municipal and village leaders, to see to it and passing up to higher level as well as bringing that the public is informed on the objectives and policy down from national level, accomplishments of the clubs and individual (c) Material distribution, members. 60 2. The media- FINAL REPORT OF WORKING GROUP C (a) Local newspapers (daily or weekly with Project Work pictures). (b) Posters, brochures, and pamphlets. Members Countries Positions CHI-TsING LIAO, (c) Talk or panel discussion on radio. Chairman Republic Rural Youth Specialist, (d) Television. Miss CATALINA D. of China National 4-H Leader (e) Newspaper reporters invited to meetings SHEA, Reporter Philippines Assistant National 4-H with parents, social workers and advisors. C.A. ANDERSON, Leader Advisor Korea A K F -O E C Youth 3. Contents of reports- Consultant MR. RAHARDJA Indonesia Agricultural Extension (a) Training programs. Officer (b) Individual village activities. MIss UTARIAH Indonesia Home Economics Instructor (c) Accomplishments. MIsS SACHIKO HAYAKAWA Japan Home Advisor, Farm (d) Demonstrations. Products Section, Kana­ gawa Prefecture (e) Successful practices and accomplish- MOTOSUKESUZUKI Japan Chief, Rural Youth ments by other clubs that may be adapted to a parti- Branch, Farm Products cular region. Section, Shizuoka Prefecture 4. Publicity materials should be collected from MRS. CHANTHEPA villages and field up to higher level for consideration TiAoPouiSAvETSOUKLaos Home Economics in preparation for release. Miss CHUANCHOM CHANDRAPAURAYA Thailand Chief, Home Economics IV. Evaluation, Reporting, Records Section, Kasetsart University 1. There should be a system of reporting and Am PORNKARASANANDAThaIland Assistant Chief, Exten- recording project and club activities, and forwarding sionService, Department reports to higher offices such as district, provincial, CHAMROON VIMOL- of Agriculture and national. NITYA Thailand In Charge, Regional Ex­ tension Center, Nakorn 2. Reporting and recording should start from Pathon village level and proceed through municipal, JAMES Louis EASOM Cambodia Agricultural Education district, and province, ip to national. Miss THOANG DUONG Advisor, USOM Tin Vietnam Chief, Home Economics 3. Value of club work can be determined by Section MRS. DuI.cE LAUREL (a) The percentage of potential members Bocouo, Observer Philippines FAO Regional Nutrition enrolled, by number and size of individual projects, Officer FAO, Asia and percentage of projects completed, and per capita CHUAN SUWANARAW, Far East Office, Bangkok income; however, the first aim is for better citizen- Observer Thailand UNESCO, Chachoeng­ ship rather than the success of the projects through sao their monetary incomes. (b) The esteem in which the club work is regarded by the local population. 4. Success of individual and club activities I. Kinds of Projects should have influence on neighbors, parents, and the public as a whole. With the exception of Laos and Cambodia, which up to now to not have agriculture nor home V. Recommendations economics projects, all Far East countries have A conference of this type should be continued practically the same prcjects. Indonesia has just on an annual basis, and it should include the three recently started a home economics program. Thai­ areas of extension: general agriculture, homemaking land still does not have such a program for girls, rural youth. but plans ,are under way to have one soon. 61 A. Agriculture 2. Beautification and improvement of house (a) Livestock (b) Poultry facilities. 1. Swine 1. Chickens a. Living room 2. Goats 2. Turkeys b. Bedroom 3. Cattle 3. Ducks c. Kitchen 4. Carabao 4. Geese d. Dining room 5. Rabbits 5. Pigeons e. Yard surroundings 6. Sheep 6. Quail C. Home or cottage industries (c) Field crops (d) Horticulture 1. Rice 1. Vegetables (a) Fiber craft 2. Corn 2. Fruit and nut trees (b) Wood craft 3. Root crops 3. Flowers and orna- (e) ethl craft 4. Legumes mental plants (c) Shell craft 5. Wheat (e) Wea t 7.6. CottonBarley (g)(f) Tanning Weaving 8. Tobaccp ii) Repair or 9. Others remake craft (i) Food processing as in canoy, preserves, cheesena king, soy sauce, etc. (e) Fisheries B. Home economics D. Special projects

(a) Food and nutrition () Farm management 2. Bee culture I. Home food production projects 3. Sericulture 2. Relation of food to health 4. Others 3. Wise food selection and buying 4. Handling .00,d before, during, and (b) Community service after cool...jg 5. Planning low cost mecils 1. Road improvement 6. Principles and methods ofcooking 2. Fire prevention week 7. Food preservation and canning 3. Accident prevention 8. Serving and table setting 4. Plant trees along highways 9. Table manners 5. Health and sanitation projects 6. Club buildings (b) Care Of younger members of the family 7. Signboards (c) Clothing (c) Conservation I. Wise selection of materials 1. Soil 2. Taking body measurements 2. Forest 3. Drafting of patterns, and clothing 3. Game and wildlife construction 4. Mending, darning, and patching old clothes !. Points to be Considered in Project Work 5. Remodelling and dyeing old clothes 6. Improved laundering methods A. Selection of projects 7. Personal grooming (d) Home improvement All countries agreed that the project is a basic 1. Health and sanitation requirement in rural youth work. To become a rural youth member a boy or a girl must first desire a. Construction of sanitary privies to produce, preserve, conserve, create, or improve b. Safe water supply some product, object, or article which is of value c. Proper drainage system and garbage to him, his family, or his community. ": posal d. Control of household pests and insects The project is a training exercise where the e. First aid member learns to do 2 something in a better way by actually doing the job. It is a demonstration of D. Keeping the project record improved practices and methods to the member, Each member is required to keep a record ofhis his family, and neighbors. rural youth club work. Records are not an addi­ Each boy or girl, when joining a club, selects tional task but are a part of the rural youth club a project. In choosing a project, a member will work. consult with iis parents and adult leader. A Purpose of keeping a record­ shouldproject bemay selected either accordingbc individual to : or group. Projects (1) As aI measuring stick-its facts and figures keep the member and leaders informed of (1) Need,ability.interest and time ofmember. progress. (2) Family situation. (2) It tells which way the member is going (3) Suitability to the area in which he lives, and can direct future work or plan out program. of the good things B. Minimum requirements of projects done. (3) Reminds members Size and requirements of projects vary in each (4) Gives the leader a chance to know how country, but one conclusion which came out of the well he is doing and to find out where li: is deficient. discussion is that a boy or a girl, to become a rural (5) Gives experience and certain training youth member. must: that will be helpful in adult life.

(1) Have a project and pursue it. (6) Gives the club membera sense ofaccom­ (2) Keep a record of the project. plishment. He can determine how much effort (3) Attend club meetings. has gone in tile project. (4) Make a report of thc project. (7) Stiniulatesmeniberstoself-inmprovenient.

No specific requirement for each project can be (8) Builds pride in the work accomplished. set down for the use of the countries represented in (9) To determine to what degree he has this conference. It was the opinion of the group participated in club activities and events and how that the size did not matter so long as it will meet much he has helped improve his community. %\ith certain established standards. Generally, the requirement in thcse countries is on a home unit Kinds of record books-- based on facilities available. Each country can Each country described the kind of record determine each set of' standards as to size and other books used by rural youth members. Some requirements countries such as China. Korea, Japan, Philippines, and Thailand, use printed record books which are C. Financingofprojects. distributed to members. Another type of record (I) Projccts not requiring initial expenses, bookmebr is oneoownanutiegvnyexnsn which is not printed but is filled out by an outline given by extension such ascollectingacasia seeds. The seeds can be sold members following be workers. by the boy or girl. Proceeds from this may used to buy chickens or pigs to start a project, as Whateverthe kind used, each membershould is being done in Korea. be required to fill out his own record book and (2) Financed and supported by parents. keep it up-to-date. (3) Proceeds obtained from selling farm Developing the record habit­ products especially those in joint or community (I) Explain carefully to members and parents projects. what is expected. Project work is not finished (4) Donations and gifts from sponsors such until the record book is turned in completed and as individuals, civic organizations, commercial up-to-date. Take this Ip at the beginning of each companies, and foundations. year. (5) Livestock "chains" such as those in (2) Discuss the importance and the reasons China, Philippines,. Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. for record keeping. (6) Government or individual subsidy, as (3) Use simple record book forms with clear in Thailand. instructions. (7) Government and privately-owned banks (4) Conduct training on the use of records which give loans to rural youth to start a project. and demonstrate the keeping of a sample record to 63 club members, adult leaders, and extension workers. (3) How often supervision? (5) Announce plans for checking records and a. As often as possible. the dates when they are due. b. Whenever they are practicable. (6) Plan to check records periodically c. As the need arises for it. during the year, and make spot checks. (7) Leader and extension worker should be (4) Why some projects fail­ enthusiastic. Believe in records yourself. It is a. The field supervisor does not fully difficult to sell something you don't believe in! exp!ain the project program to parents and (8) Recognize club members who have members. madc progress. Compare a member's work with b. The scope of the program is not large what hecan do, not directly with other clubmembers. enough to make the undertaking practical and Make suggestions for improvement in general or worthwhile. to a club member personally. c. The members may not have chosen (9) Study records at the end of the year to the projects which were best adapted to the needs plan next year's work. of home and farm. (10) Strive to make record-keeping satisfac- d. Poor grade animals and seeds are tory to the individual member. This is important. sometimes used because the field supervisors and Too many of us are concerned only with the leader do not set tIp higher standards. mechanics of keeping record:. e. Modern and scientific practices are E. Supervision of Projects not always provided and adopted. f. The field supervisor may recommend (I) Importance of supervision- practices which are uneconomical. g. The field supervisor may not observe The success or failure of rural youth programs the project on each visit. depends largely on the effectiveness of supervision. h. He may ns he This places a great deal of responsibility upon the may not ofr constructive ep. extension worker and leader. Too frequently, i. He may not be congenial. extension workers and leaders have taken for j. He may not show interest and a help­ granted that parents and club members know what ful attitude towards members and parents. is to be done and that a minimum amount of supervision is necessary. This has in many cases (5) Suggestions for improving supervision­ resulted in inadequate supervision which permitted narrow and poorly developed youth programs and of the family. projects to be conducted. The better fieldmen are cognizant of the need for many home visits which b. Develop the family's confidence in result in effective teaching on the farm and the club program. comprehensive rural youth programs. c. Develop cooperative relationships with the family through good fellowship. An extension worker cannot hope to achieve his greatest success in supervision unless he knows d. Observe the members' home environ­ the persons he is supervising and their home con- ments, the types of projects undertaken, and deter­ ditions. There is no substitute for the home visit, mine the opportunities for members to develop a Many youth projects have been successful because comprehensive program. of frequent home visits and follow-up programs. e. Assist the members, through effective guidance, in conducting his or her project. (2) How to supervise projects- f. Teach -)n the farm by discussing with the members any problem they have in connection a. Attending club meetings. with their projects; test their understanding of b. Home visits, practices they are using, and develop new skills in c. Visits to individual or group projects. members. gCheck each member's individual d. Constructive criticism, project, find out if the procedures used are working e. Checking record books, out satisfactorily on the farm. 64 h. Discuss with each member additional ideas reach people: (i) Individual contacts, (2) approved practices he should adopt. groupcontacts, (3) ma,:; contacts, and (4) indirectly. i. Discuss with members and parents the possibilities of expanding his project during liivi~hial Group coming years. Farm and home visi, Method result demon- j. Develop interest, motivate, and Office calls stration encourage members to carry on successful projects, Telephone calls Meetings using a large number of approved practices. Personal letters Lecture meetings especially those not previously used on the farm. Result demonstration Conferences k. \Win the respect of the community. Method demonstration Tours I. Assist the member in making self- Mass Indirect evaluation of his progress. m. Check the record for completeness Bulletins Observations and accuracy. Leaflets Visits with neighbors n. Ealuate the project program and Nvews stories make recommendations in line with approved Circular letters Radio practices discussed with mcmber. Posters Exhibits Television 111. Teaching Methods and 'rechniques Extension workers and leaders must exercise The influence or leadcctiveness of each extension judgment in choosing the most appropriate methods worker and volunteer leader depends on the method ts use. Studies have shown that no single method that lie uses. We should be able to use the best is ,is effective as a combination. People learn best teaching techniques that will bring about maximum whe:i the practice to be taught is presented in many returns or accomplishments. ways.

These are some of' the thinUgs \C should have To get a new practice adopted. the following in mind: sequence is usual:

(1) Under what conditions do boys and (I) Hearing about the newpractice(develop­ girls learn ? ing awareness). Use of mass media is recommended. (2) What iethods are most cffcctivein teach- (2) Looking into result demonstration and ing rural boys and girls of very slight schooling? stimulating a group to organize for cooperative (3) How can \se tcach boys and girls to action. Individual and group contacts may be used. assume responsibility or to take acti e part in club (3) Trving out mcthod demonstration with projects'? people's participation. Detailed informnation is (4) What dcterniii',,tht chicc of methods'? needed. (4) Adopting the practice. (The idea issold. As rural outh club caders. e are conceried The practice isadopted. The information is extended \itli teaching vo.ing peopile to dc)elop new and to others). better practices. ideas, skills. habits. interests. atti­ tides, appreciation. \ales. and Iinderstand ings. Teaching miaterials - Anv methods may he used that are (1) Intcresting to bo\s and girls: To make teaching more effective an ex­ (2ntMeetiieebo\\as:d tension worker and leader should have at his (2) Meet their ieeds aiid vants: command a _ariety of tools. (3) Are suitable to the situation. All carpenters can make tables but not all of Kinds of teaching methods-- them would be able to make a beautiful one. Those having a complete set of tools as plane, The extension methods may be classified chisel, hammer. etc.. can make better ones than according to the manner in which information or those with just a hammer. 65 The same holds true with an extension worker or adult leader.

We need to have some form of tools to aid or make our teaching effective through the use of other teaching materials or visual aids. A

Why use visual aids? (I)To hold attention. Large commercial companies of the world are using visual aids more and more in trainin g and advertising. They have found it pays big dividends to invest part of their budgets in visual aids that sell their products to the people. In the same manner, an extension worker has something to sell. \We are selling ideas to the youth: therefore, e have to hold their attention. (2) "Secing is helieving" is an accepted axiom. What t:11an1sees \kith his eves. he remem- Adding interest and a quality of domi-to-carth aulhenticitv. bers. Pictures often succeed when \words fail. %ere numbers of demonstrations b% club mnembers themsehe's. One picture is w\orth 1,000 words. They ranged from miing of poultry f'eds oseiing and cooking. (3) Persuade people to take action. Re- agriculture, home eConomics and some special search shows that when visual aids or tools are projects. These projects are all geared to increasing used with a lecture about 20 percent of the infor- the production and improving the fairm and home mation is understood and acted upon by a group life of the family. Little cmphasis, it seems, is of people. It' leeture alone is used, only 5 percent being giver; te citizenship training--- which should of the kno\ledgc is undcrstood and acted upon. be the real objcctive of youth club work. The Thus. you can see that visual aids increase tip to ftour group recommended that citizenship training as a times the eflcti eness of' a lcture. separate project be included in the youth program (4) Increase understanding. Many boys in the countries represented in this conference. and girls who cannot read 'vell can learn hovto use (3) There Shotld be an exchange of tech­ new practices through the spoken word visual aids.niaexesowokrfryotin\orinhsplus good nical extension workers foryouth in work in thisarearc to help with extension methods and evaluation of (5) Increase permanency of learning. What the youth program. This can be done through a boy or girl sees he long remembers, emphasis on study tours and fellowship programs sponsored by the USOM or ICA, and other Examples of visual aids- international organizations suchi as the FAO (1)flannelgraph (6) movies and UNESCO. (2) samples (7) exhibits (4) In view of the key position of women (3) models (8) charts in the family. and especially inrural areas, govern­ (4) slides (9) bulletins mets are urged to organize (5) film strips (10) cartoons et, as early as possible extension work with women and girls in countries where such work does riot exist at present. Training Remember. the above examples are only aids or programs may be arranged for countries faced with tools-they do not replace other teaching methods. the problem of shortage of personnel for this type Instead they only supplement and aid the methods ofactivity. you use in teaching. (5) Since most home economics teaching in IV. Recommendations many countries is riot usually geared to conditions (1)Arrangements should be made for the existing in rural areas, research activities should establishment of a regular exchange agency for be encouraged by a coordinated program with suffi­ extension materials, information on program, cient material aid from t., USOM or ICA for methods and techniques for youith work. laboratory supplies and eq uipment, as well as the (2) A study of the different projects under- financing of such projects. taken in the nine countries represented in this (6) Steps should be taker. to encourage boys group, shows that emphasis is being given to to participate in projects related to homemaking. 66 FINAL REPORT OF WORKING GROUP D (5) That the program should be projected and Recognition toward, and directly concerned with. the improve­ Volunteer Assistance ment of home and community living, the problems ,k'mbl" Collittries Positions of the masses being inter-related• Tlu,\ KOMKRIS, (6) That the youth movement through Chairma;a Thailand Local Leader organized. effective and adcqualte extension services F.S. MACU1AY. is onlya meansand not an end in itself; Reporter Philippines Deputy, Presidential As- i sistant on Community (7) That mobilized people constitute the for o successful and expanded 61~Di) LIN Ivlopment greatest resotirce PdhisorPilippines Agricultural Extension rural youth program. Advisor ).nII HUiYMI Cambodia Assistant to )ircctor of The following Specific subjects wer discussed: (how to recruit, VAim FundamentalFoyciii Education (a) Volunteer local leaders PitouorJ Camlbodia Intcrprctcr train and use); I.C. CIIA\, Republic JCRR, AgricultUral (b) Parent cooperation (what is expected of of China -xtension parents and how to get their support); T.T. Lii Republic Local Leader of China (c) Sponsoring groups (committees, coun­ MR. BummAN Indonesia IPro\ incial Agriculture cils, churches, schools, etc.); Olficer %fit.TAIANG Indonesia Provincial Agriculture (d) Assistance from private grou ps (clubs, Officer foundations, etc.); IAKuzoLvi UN( Japan Chief, Extension and (e) Recognition. incentives, and awards; Education Sect ion. Decelopment Bureau (f) Cooperation with other ministries and Ihllw twTMAsiA Japan l)irector..apan4-11 Club departments of government. Association KI.NCIi KANti Korea 4-11 Specialist A. Volunteer local leaders I.NiRUN(; ADIPAr Thailand Local Leader .IAI)tI PRIJAONI) Thailand Local Leader I. What is a leader? S.TIN NANTANA Thailand Local ILader SoMiBAT VONGPRONII.K Thailand Chief. Regional Extcn- A leader is one who can influence others to sion Center, Chiengmai help themselves. NiisrT Cii.iKL'i. Oh.,erver Thailand Chief.De\ ehpmlent Community Section, 2. Who is a volunteer local leader? Ministry of Interior A Volunteer local leader is one who by expe­ rience,training oreducation can best serve asa teach­ er, stimulator or counselor. He must possess the ability to inspire people "to make the best better" by This working group has been assigned a sub- getting them involved in self-help undertakings. broad bu, Of' Vital importance A good local leader must be able to create in people ic th hatsccessflis not only of teal poth the desire for better living through individual or movesent, promotion oftrur y t collective improvement. Above all. such a leader movement. Despite languag difficulties, all must be of the people and of the community. delegates have contributed substantially to the ideas. proposals and recommendations contained in this 3. Who can be a voluntcer leader? report. Anyone can be such i leader who has these

Before the pa rticipants undertook their task, qualifications­ all aureed ol certain basic principles: (a) Has a sincere desire to serve; the work; 1) That thle youth movement is a "Prass- (b) Is unselfish and dedicated to roots'" approach and ;ademocratic process; (c) Is ible to inspire others to learn by (2) Thatthlisprogran is thcyouths'prograrn doing and do by learning; (2 T(d) Is capable of getting others to lead; (3) That the role of governnent or any, (e) Is able to get the job done, but does not organized authority is secondalry in that it only wish to do it alone: S.upports, technically or niaterially. activities generated by the VouLIth movement : (f) Is able to teach and lead: (4) That general public support, including (g) Is tactful and democratic; private sponsoring and assisting groups, is not (h) Is responsible and has sound moral only desirable but indispensable: character, honesty and integrity. 67 Generally speaking, a volunteer local leader (b) Organization and reorganization of rural rmiay be either in the public service or a private youth clubs, citizen. Because the public civil servant has the (c) Project requirements, the keeping of duty of serving all the people, preference should be records and preparation of reports: given private individuals inthe selection of local leaders. (d) Plan ning a program for rural youthclubs; (e) How to conduct a rural youth club There is no special educational qualification meeting; required in a local leader. althotizh certain basic (f) How to conduct demonstration of or technical knowledge or skills are desired. For projects; example, local leaders may be recruited from grad­ uates of agricultural sclools, or from parents, (g) How to apply basic principles of group farmers, homemakers, or f'ormer club members who dynamics and human relations; have distinguished themselves. A volunteer local (h)How toorganize achievement-day rallies, leader must be an adult, that is,21 .'ears or more of picnics, tours; age. (i) Information methods and communica­ 4. Recruitnivnt of voli ntcer local leaders: tion of ideas: There is (j) Technical aspects, such as increased no rigid method of recruiting local food production methods, animal husbandry tech­ leaders. Reports 'rom partiCipating countries indicate niques, home management and nutrition practices. that a variety of niethods have been used. How- health and sanitary practices. ever. there are two systems commonlyemployed-- . (a) Di rcec aipprnnelil selection of the leader It is recoimmended that voluiinteer hv local leaders Dcircrsof ahe c h. ht be trained at all levels, starting at the village. The Period of training is leaderIn t aresources dependent upon the needs, and facilities of' each community and leader by parcl', :,lult orl !1i/ztions or extension the availability of' technicians. workers: or appointment by anlappropriate aicne. bureau or depart lcnit ofinverlnnlt1t. 6. Use of volillteer local leaders: Inns much ai thlisliovCnCnt is grass-r, ots. it is Local leaders provide guidance recommended and supervision that tile direct method of' recruitment in organizing, programming and execution. They be encouraged. Sho uld club menmbers select their should not exercise a dominant role but own leader, should be it isbest tFiaz it be done with the advice re'garded as partners ofthe voting people. Care of must parents and extension i kers. The indirect !,c taken to prevent local leaders f'rom subordinating method ma\ beacceptablo\ hcl tile program isbeing the interests and wefl'ire oLoith launched to their own. iiillh. It is recomn uled that, so f.r as practicable 5. Trani n,-of \ol Lniteer Inca leaders: every rural vouth cl, ) have one over-all club leader incharge or"orgalniZatinl. supervision and evalua­ Thetrainingof olntcerhIncaIleadersis bisic tion: and as many project leadeis as there are and has far-reaching eflects. It isa "must" require- projects. These leaders siould act ment in as coordinators the snccessful implementation of the youth among members. parents and government olicers. program Aly programi designed for better living B. Parent Cooperation is doomcd to f'ailif local administrators are not prepared to dischirge and carry on their functions Al, iovement designed to create and responsibilities. social aiid The rurl \outIi programn econollc conditions for the growth and develop­ cannot be ldniiistered illaihapfri.lrd mannler. meint of coin intmiiitics ias There s11 for its greatest resource is LIch at slake illthis lroga rnii thlt local tile people tlieMsehes. People MuLst be leaders, mobilized aside fnrom possessingthc essCntiall qialifica- to give voltintairy and syipitlietic support to lions. must a 'lsohe dCIllUtCl% trnlinld. the rural vouth "Experience Itis;-ccomncnded Ii roUranli. in countries that % lltcer local lead~lers advaiiced in tlis movement has demonstrated that It s ;cniiuieuiedhatvolnter lcalleners be giv: some kind of' social and technological difficuLft Situnt10Sinls Ioth etiN itiesI basebenmade I traiinglngtiltAzt~lllCm :i" st dy rtan n- eiiiechbyipaticiptinlise, bl3particip~iton ofof' Parents.pats heCertainl seenm­seem- trainling. Among, the0 l\v1nes of' studsy or tr iililil 's for local leaders are tilefollo inc­ lilnportalit lhiigs to outhI. stch as O' leisure the use (a) hours. gaili a seinse of value. llcallill Basic pliihl,. principles and and purpose through parcnt cooperation. There­ objectives of' the rural Vouth program: fore. parent cooperation is one support itcin thrat 68 must be highly developed. To get such coopera- Activities of sponsoring groups. should be tion the following approaches are recommended: confined to program planning, development of (a) Oricnt parents on the rural youth pro- policies, program implementation, and the admi­ gram by holding club meetings at membe,'s' homes, nistration of a limited grants-in-aid program to by inviting parents to attend meetings, by holding help youth realize its goals. community meetings, by the use of publications. radio, and other informational niedia. Parents D. Asistance from private groups thus will gain an understanding of' tile underlying There is no doubt that assistance from private philosophy and objectives ofthe program and, more groups, such as businessmen, business firms, clubs specifically, of the benefits their children can derive, and foundations, is vitally important in promoting (b) Get parents involved ill tle movement by the rural youth movement. including them in sponsoring or assisting local groups. They can give material and moral support Assistance from these groups, however, should to club projects, vhether individual or collective, be confined to financial, material, and, in some cases, special technical support. This should be pc) Give parcnts opportunities to partici- diffecrntiated from the technical and other kinds pate in planing, programing. and implementing of' support coming from regular departtints, bu­ of the program. to engender a fccling of partnership reaus or agencies of the government. The support in *he activity between them and their children, from the private clubs or foundations is supplemen­ tary to locally available resources of people and The three methods outlined above proposed as complementary to government funds oft countries ways to build up public and popular support for conducting the mnovement. the rural youth movement - the kind of' support that is sogreatlx needed. This sort of assistance must be solicited. To justify extension of such aid it is important that C. Sponsoring groups there be a clear-cut definition or statement of the [-rom countrv reports submitted during the objectives of thcprogram: that the program be func­ conference it is clear that initial government tional and have a good chance of success: that the sponsorship of the movement is necessary. With assisting organization be involved in the program. progress attained, private groups should share in the responsibility of sponsoring the rural youth After the aid is extended, those receiving it program. In amicase tile government will continue should express their appreciation and continue to to make available technical services and. to tile report activities showing benefits or results derived extent justilied, financial and material support. from the assistance. An understanding of respective responsibilities should be devcloped between the government and E.. Cooperation with other brancihes of governnent sponsoring ,rOntps. As thii,. movemcnt is the From reports o!' country participants it is people's prora in. i' is e.'ngf recommnaended that clear that the Agricultural Extension Service, in extra efforts he directed to acquiring active and imost cases, worksjointly with the Education Depart­ direct sponsorslip from SCmi-public and private ment or Ministry. Thisis becausc oftlhe educational committees and councils, schools, and cliurches. character of rural youth work.

It is sLIggested that \Vays and means be explored As the rural youth movement gains momentum to enlist the support of these groups to sponsor and as extension service work expands to include organization. training. and project activities. It is all phases of corn ;:iilty living, there will, sooner further suggested that advisory councils be organ- or later, arisea need for coordination and integration ized at ill admlinistrativ clevels soas to give assurance of government technical services. It is accepted of continuous and sustained encouragement to the that an cxtension worker cannot be considered a young people participatiiig intlic movement, tech nician on education, health, social welfare, public works, cooperatives and the like. Yet in his While basic support. administration. and Iinan- primary field of work lie runs into a 'wide variety cing by appropriate government agencies, bureaus of problens directly or indirectly connected with or departments is desirable, emphasis also should be his activities. given to the direct support of private groups. Popular support can be achieved by an intensive For instance, the extension worker, through information campaign which tells the objectives of the rural youth program, succeeds in increasing the progran and benefits derived from it. food production. To 1h.elp people derive the maxi­ 69 mum benefits from this they must have ready and It should be stressed, in passing, that awards accessible markets to convert their product into either to parents or to leaders need not be of high cash. Where the village is not connected by road, monetary value, but should be substantial in kind the help of the department of highways is needed. and number, so that as many worthy parents and It may also be needed to provide for credit and competent leaders as possible may be recipients. marketing facilities. As a result of better health practices the population increases. With more Recognition and awards are made with the population health problems become correspondingly understanding that these may serve as further more acute. Thus, the help of the health depart- incentives. For this reason they should be presented ment is equally needed. Since extension work only to those who fully deserve to receive them. is primarily educational in character, it is geared to A standard of achievement or merit should, changing attitudes and practices of people both therefore, be used as a criterion for giving such young and old. For this reason the education recognition and awards. department or ministry should be involved in the The presentation of recognition and awards to process to speed up both formal and informal parents as well as to leaders, if timely and widely education. publicized, can be most helpful in arousing public interest in the rural youth program of any country. This illustrates that problems of people and It is recommended, therefore, that this plan be communities are so inter-related that solving them adopted by all countries participating in this in a coordinated manner would be much easier. conference. Such an approach would prevent waste of time and money, duplication of activities and dissipation of G. Recommendations effort. Working Group D urges­ F. Recognition, incentives and awards (1)The continuation of yearly conferences on rural youth for the purpose of determining the It is agreed that volunteer local leaders should degree of progress of the movement and the inter­ not be paid for their services. The main objective change of ideas and new applied methods and of their work with rural youth lies in their desire to techniques. be of service to their community. A secondary (2) The inclusion of volunteer local leaders motive may be found in the satisfaction that they as participants in the conference. derive from such a service. (3) The inclusion of citizenship training in The very important role that volunteer local the projects and activities of the rural youth clubs. Theversplay im ta rle thamvounte calt (4) The free exchange of information among leaders play in the rTl youth movement cannot countries sponsoring the rural be over-emphasized. They should, therefore, be thus promoting the idea of one world.youth movement, commended for their generous efforts to promote rural youth activities, whenever and wherever (5) Exchange trips for local leaders among opportunities permit. different parts of each country.

Atachievement rallies or meetings, once a year 2. at least, these leaders should be given public recog- 4F nition through press, radio, or television programs, in the form of letters of congratulation or in I, resolutions of thanks. Awards should be given to outstanding leaders in the form of certificates of honor, badges, pins or ribbons.

Likewise, parents of all outstanding club members and parents who nat,'rially and finan­ cially assist in the rural yowii, movement should, at such a rally or meeting, be publicly acclaimed and commended for their generous support. Through their cooperation, as the Korean delega­ tion puts it, they have not only promoted rural youth work, but have contributed to the economic and social welfare of their community and their A stop at one of those good poultry projects in the vicinity nation. of Nakorn Pathorn. 70 FINAL REPORT OF WORKING GROUP E should be con!ucted in amanner to encourage rural and Activities youth to put tbrth greater effort to solve its own Special Events problems and support major national programs. Aembers Countries Positions (4) That a well-planned activity program Buu LOAN, Vietnam Chief, Rural Youth should help to­ Chairman Service PI[AM Tin Lv, Reporter Vietnam Chief of Fundamental a. Develop a spirit of confidence, good Education Division fellowship and brotherhood, sympathetic under­ A.J. BRUNDAGIE, standing and unity of action. Advisor Republic Acting Chief, Agricul- b. Encourage rural youth to continue of China rural Extension Service as members for longer periods and show more rapid HASAN SUDIBJA Indonesia Agricultural Extension Oflicer improvement in their accomplishments. JiJiS MOELUATI MAHDI Indonesia Home Economics c. Attract the services of the most Instructor capable local leaders and encourage them to serve for MAREIIITO IKEDA .Japan Technician, General longer periods of time. Af f ai r s Secti on, Minister's Secretariat d. Develop interest ,nd cooperation of MIss CHUNG SooK parents so that members may make the most of WON Korea 4-H Club Leader their opportunities to do superior project work. JUAN B. CABANOS Philippines Assistant Director, e. Interest local government and civic Bureau of Agricultural Extension organization leaders to give support to the rural JADOON KONGSAR Thailand In-Charge, Extension youth program. Center f. Enlist the maximum number of the PORN RESANOND Thailand Instructor, Extension eligible rural boys and girls of the area to enroll in Education, Kasetsart CIIAISAP SUPSARN Thailand In-Charge, Extension the program. Center HO-TONG-PENG Cambodia Ministry of Agriculture An inventory of activities underway with the SYSAMOUT11 SIVANARY Cambodia Secretary of Sports and rural youth program of the countries represented Youth Movement YEN YINI Cambodia Inspector of Sports and indicates that the greatest progress is being made Youth Movement, with rural youth programs where a large number Ministry of Education of well-planned activities are included. HAL SPEERS Thailand USOM, Extension Specialist The following activities were mentioned by representatives of participating countries as well­ suited to encouraging club members in those things which re-enforce the total youth program­ *1. Demonstration 7. Camping team work 8. Educational trips This group proceeded with the following *2. Contests 9. Rallies generally accepted ideas: 3. Judging products * 10. Achievement days 4. Fairs and exhibits II. Music (1) That rural youth has many problems, 5. Community service 12. Sports and recrea­ both social and economic, which in principle are 6. Project tours tion similar in most countries but differ in degree according to the conditions under which rural The three activities checked (*) above were youth lives, most frequently favored. (2) That these problems can best be solved Community improvement projects arc univer­ through educational processes which impart know- sally carried on by rural youth groups, with the more ledge of the application of science to improving substantialoneshelpingtodcvelop more community the welfare of rural people; the learning of necessary interest and support. skills to apply this knowledge and the development of favorable attitudes which will encourage the It was agreed that more extensive use of music, maximum use of scientific knowledge. vocal, instrumental and with native folk dances, (3) That, as "there is no learning except would help to strengthen rural youth programs. through activity on the part of the learner," there should be wise choice of the activities that are Several countries are using advantageously planned for rural youth and that these activities their regional sports for competition between youth 71 groups. This type of activity should be further the inter-country exchange of rural youth groups be encouraged. encouraged. (2) That an exhibit and demonstrations of Little is being done to promote better health popular board games from each country be planned practices of out-of-school rural youth groups. This for the next conference: also that more emphasis be type of activity is greatly retarded by distances from given to demonstrations of country social and health centers, and high costs, in most of the coun- recreational programs. tries. There was unanimous agreement that greater attention should be given to health work in the (3) That more attention he given in leader­ future, training programs to practical demonstrations of recreational activities for rural youth groups. Working Group E adopted these recommenda- (4) That participating countries provide for tions--- timely exchange ofinformation related to successful (1) That more attention be given to recreational rural youth activity programs. phases of rural youth group programs, particularly (5) That much more emphasis be put on health competitive sports, camping, drama, and instru- work under existing health programs; particularly, mental and vocal music and folk dancing. and that with regard to members who are not in school.

FINAL REPORT WORKING GROUP F Youth Delegates

AMembers Countries Positions Members Countries Positions PRAYUNE SAVANASOO- CHIN LON HUANG Republic 4-H Club Local Leader JARIT, Chtairmtn Thailand Acting Chief, Yuwa Ka- of China sikorn Section, Ministry MING-SEN Hsu Republic 4-11 Club Member of Agriculture of China WARREN E. SCimlm, .Cii~i~iof CniO TU RepublicChina 4-11 Club Local Leader Advisor U.S.A. Coordinator, Interna- PAU.o NI-NAAUICi­ tional Farm Youth i'ECA Philippines 4-11 Club Member Exchange, National 4-H FiLIACANO AI-Irwio Philippines 4-li Club Member Club Foundation SIIvEriico EDUARDO Philippines 4-tl Club Leader Miss LEI. Yoiu OK, Dow SAMSRINONG Thailand Yuta Kasikorn Member Reporter Korea 4-H Member KAIAYA [LG;SUAVN Thailand Yuwa KasikornMember FRANCISCO P. DABIU, PINIT SUWANAIIOlI Thailand I n-Chat ge, Regional Reporter Philippines Local Lead,- Fxtension Center, Korat KITAHARA NAO Japan 4-1- Club N. ber PAN-Nil Ibo)-'NruK Thailand Ytu\a Kasikorn Member MASAJI MATUMOIO ,Japan 4-li Club Member TASAPORN LoI-TRAKIJI. Thailanod Y\uwa Kasikorn Member KURAKO NrNsoro Japan Rural Youth Club GULAYA TANI\ONO 'lTailand Ntuwa Kasikorn Member Member Y-ToN'G-EIAN \idnan 4--ICluh Leader KATSUKO OIiANI Japan 4-H1 Club Member NGUYI:N Tij-TioAN Vietnamn 4-r Club Leader TAMOTSU ONO Japan 4-1-I Club Member DU)NG-Tt-TIIuON( \ietnai (i he f of I on e Emi StuztJu ,Japan Interpreter, USOM I conomics Division TATSUNO TOKUZO Japan Ministry of Agriculture TIJUONG-Tifi-1IVON, Viein im 4-T Club Member IKUO YAGISAWA Japan President, National N(;uuYIN-VAN-LANII Vicinan 4-TCluh Member Conference of RYC SAvON(i TUI'KRISNANA Thailand CHIAN(; KuN IlANG Republic 4-H Club Mernber SOsIWuK TARIOLI Thlilmd of China BoRN TiIAMASJARI I Thilamd Prayune Savanasoojarit: Francisco Dabu, of the Philippines, one of our Mr. Chairman, I am happy to present the reporters, will present the report. report of Working Group F, the youth delegates, to this conference. Much of the youth delegates' Francisco Dahu: program was demonstration rather than discussion, so our report summarizes the activities of Group F The first thing we did on Friday was to get with illustrations of the various ways we exchanged people better acquainted. We were all anxious to program ideas. ki,ow more about the other young people. We 72 did this by introducing ourselves by country translation help available. We then went on to groups and tellinga little about ourselves, our farms, list a number of questions we might like to discuss our projects, and other youth activities. We heard in separate member sessions. They included the songs from each country like the one Miss Lee Yoh following­ Ok will sing for you now. (1)How are local clubs organized and what (Miss Lee Yoh Ok sings a Korean folk song) are their activities in each country? Dabu I~abu:ship ship(2)? What are the qualifications for member­ Music often helped us to know each other (3) How are leaders chosen ? better during the two days we've been together. (4)Howa club can be organized. We learned many new songs and were especially (5) How to get more members. interested in the club songs that have developed in (6) How to raise money for the club. some countries like Japan and Vietnam. You will (7) Conducting 4-H club meetings. remember the Japinese 4-H song. (8) How we can continue the friendships made (.lapanesc group sings 4-H song) at this conference. (9) How to make 4-H a popular movement all Dabu: over the country. Then w'eFound that we could sing part of (10) How to show the results of 4-H club work. Vietnam's 4-T Club Pledge Song and enjoyed (II) How to evaluate a club program. Joining iil even if most of1 us couldn't understand (12) How to build better relations between the the words. club and the community. (Vietnam group sings 4-H Pledge song, with (13) How technical instruction for project work isgiven. othersjoiiii g in on chorus) Dabu: We found time to discuss two ofthese questions. The one of most interest was "How can we continue Such singing helped to build a feeling of fel- the friendships made at this meeting-? Our discus­ iowship and comradeship which bridged our several sion brought out a number of suggestions: language barriers. But our sessions were not all (I) It was felt that we could keep in touch play. l)uri ns the two days various members gave with each other by correspondence. We recog­ aItotal ofcight demonstrations and illustrated talks nized the language prob'm involved and soni on different project activities. The topics included suggested that English might have to needbe the of common a list of gasoline motor repair. first aid, cooking sukiyaki, lsnguag e sed. We felt there was making coconut candy. clothing, making flower the members attending. showing their home leis, budding fruit trees, and pig raising. Often the addresses. wrords were strangec hut the mcthod was clear. Here (2) Youth exchanges were also suggested. for examinple is a portion of' lie first aid demion­ eration by the Chineseoifen delegates. Here we discussed the question of' the best time for such exchanges. School vacation periods would (Chinese delegates present final portion of be important to countries in which most club memi­ first aid demonstration) bers were still in school. Language Was also Dabu: recognized as a problem, especially by the coun­ tries in which French has been the second language. Yes. we havc picked tip ideas for our programs It was felt desirable to have such exchanges during at home and havc. gotten a better idea about Club periods when both the agricultural and the youth mebr"activities in our nehborn countries.conre, programs coul~d best be observed. members' aciiis'1 u lifioring w r t wve have gained a new appre- (3) T e tid e nerals e s o ciationBut most of tilesizcandimportant. coinnolpurposeofour rUral (3) The third gecneral s~gge1stionl was for tile iato efnthesi and commonlpurpoe of ouirt. rural exchange of information and materials between \outh movements and reFeel s one in spirit. On clubs. Because of the language problem it was felt 1-riday. \xe shared our feelings about our partici- that visual material would be especially important. pation in this meeting. We have enjoyed and Pictures, scrapbooks, slides, movies, posters and profited fro the lrpi sIedion0 snthiof t e project materials such as handicraft were men­ but several mebers pointed out that sonc of'tile tioned. It was felt that the movements could assist discussion \\as not of direct interest to us as \vith such exchanges, but it was also recognized members, the sessions \ere a bit long fr us. and that there were advantages to direct club to club members \were reluctalt to speak tip in the larger contacts. sessions. There was general agreement that we would prefer itlittle more opportunity for separate Before telling you about our second discussion "nmembers" sessions provided there \was adequate question, let's relax for a moment while Miss Lee 73 Yoh Ok shows us how to fold some paper into of Korea presented an illustrated lecture on "Build­ a Korean coat and pants. This is an example of a ing an Improved Pig House," various songs and number of recreational ideas for club meetings games were prcsented as examples ofclub recreation, which we exchanged. and before closing the youth delegates considered (Miss Leec Yoh Ok folding paper clothes) the various ways in which club work could be made fun for the young people. The following ideas Dabu: were suggested and it was pointed out that frequently Our second discussion topic was "How to build such activities could he combined with, or were better relations between our club and the comm- themselves, educational expcriLnces. nity." It was felt th-at nanv times a new organiza- (1)Music and singing tion has to earn the respect and support of parents, (2) Games and sports other adults. and other organizations in the con- (3)Dancing munity. Sc eral exa inplcs of ways to build beter (4)Skits, stnts tricks and puzzles relations and supprIt \s.crc gi'Ven. I "lapan where (5) Tours. hikcs. boatrides there are other \outh activitiesin the Cemrtnuit\. (6) Dramatics, puppets, shadow shows they often form oath coun cils to ClCotraCe closer (7) Parties and picnics cooperation. Others mentioned club community (8) Crafts, arts service projects and co ,eration \with estaiblish d (9) Canmping activities hich earn the respect of others. The (10) Movies and slides use of exhibits, demonstrations, the press and radi-) (1I) Contests, races was suggcsted to let others know oftlie work of tIlt (12) Demonstrations club. Result demonstrations which show thc (13) Judging, identification contests results of better lethods often receive the favot- (14) Stories and readings able attention of adutilts and help sell them on youth (15) Exhibits. fairs work. Reference is made to Document 148, "4-H Wecxpect to !ilk about sonic other topics later. Recreation Bullet in of Republic of China." This including thlie place of recreation in the club program. 13 - page mineographed publication gives instruc­ Since we haxe been together, we have enjo\ed tions for many gaeICs, stunts, and entertainment learning several dances, as well as ongs and games. features which the group considered to be appro­ from other lands. Here is an Aimrican folk dance priate for rural voi- hiclub meetings. which we all cnjo\ ed. You will see that it svm­ bolizes the fcllo\s. .I"of all the countries. Recommendations (One couple from each country dance Cir- The youth at this conference apprcciate very cassian Circle to "Oh SusaM,) much the opportunity of being here aid sharing in Dabu: the deliberations and planning of youth programs In closing our rport. I would like, on behalf for the future. Insofar aw later conferences may of the youth delegates to this meeting, to express to be held, it is recommended that youth be included our leaders, to the USONI officials. and to our but that more opoortunity be given them forseparate Thailand hosts, otir sincere thanks and gratitude working groups and disL, ssions. for tie hospitality extended to us and the privilege of attending this first Far East Rural Youth Confercnce. It has becn an experience of a lifetime I o t Iron pt~qe2 for us, and xon cani be sure that we will all return home with the inspiration to work harder than Conference facilities were made available at ever to help build strong rural VouttIi programs in beautiful Santithaim Hall, used regularly for metilIgs our countries. 01ne of the deii on st rat ions that of United Nalions organizations, for all plenary was given b%the Yuwa Kasikorn members of sessiols and most of the working group meetings. Thailand yesterda\ was tile mak ing of beaItiful Nearby Kasetsart University was host for a one-day flower leis. (IYtliwa Kasikorn mcmber sho\%s leis.) study tour and a one-day leeting of \Vorking Group As a token of our appreciation of this wonderful F. *All delegates wcre housed in the Ratanakosin experience, WC \would like to present these leis to Hotel. Arrangements for all three of these facilities Agriculture Olficer of USONN Thailand, Brice N. were made by the Ministry of Agriculture of Mace, Jr. Thailand. Due to a lack of translation assistance. the bulk of Group F's activities on Wednesday morning Five languages were employed for conference were recreational in nature. Miss Lee Yoh Ok communications. English was the oflicial language. 74 a.

Slrm mjit I a,'d ir'l r iolni lr d ressiaIing %%cretx aiiii (I iriij thu % it toi Ki ',:Irt IInikc. ,it .

S Ilrc aret i i ( hin+e".,s.. 10pa*Mnese,1I icnI1ch..' t . ind this prticuhlr sector of rural opili/iatin. hould

I limi. he 1ixen the closest intl most criois ittcntion by tlot x\%h mi'ilecmilttiu'al ill tra u Ltthe t,t hli'ti5 01 rr C's,-rep- rtilt,i.,l hullctuins \\-re issued dail\ Ill'ti.t~ ilrlf'ii'o0 ilic 1ti ip1it1na himu ,% I llrC. ihring.hoiit the m1etinU,. (I !i rm.hisi i pltandP -he potenttiliitie- 0!' \ IMt1 111Asia. aisin ot her cillcrclcc Ic'plisibii itics \\re riit',tcd aimlongu the r\'gions. props rii Il5Ccti. tieScltpeti miobliCd cinuitr\ tile.eiitii+ns,. A\eiiiipi 5t of lct!d tl , Ctuli imprit idc hei" t Cn inI Jtumunt,, inludtju ,\orhine+toitls, ant! t+t'ihelii 'tiundation fir the biiiidine. strl..nthinl+i2~ anld , . lteri~il.,. Ciriet irn _c , ctt'h This "0t0. 1r01- HI hll r u ! t !'tlll h p , ( onfcrenee\,Ion]u'ii u !ciictpo-txeport l iLhomse C!:t Is h\ Csl~lafL:'.ll111 decn.1 t01 ct'lclctIlit,,-1 ­ ret~ttio~~ilt 'I'orde. i 1Piserix elell tiIlail atAioll 01 tilti' tel ll Iitioll". II is respecti'ills ,uhn1i1ttt-Ctto Aill ColI'CLAi~Cd I, dillMll to tfrthel'rillu It',\i. t0 the InurC. one should not fiil to theI mi-r t,,t. behold the loni2-rallie obictim.C ' raising, ii tie nc\t Lencralion a grotip otlpromising people who ire,1ot onil equliipped \\ithiskills ind techlliqlueS / -t0 i 1,imp', :1, cssential to iodetir li in, huti are also tired with noble idcatla is. t ttdid eated to thti Ltsks of service to ati n n h "rS tilt-pr;icticalplir post"'s their \\I ctiillt\ and llo to the olle %\orldt in of mecting the immdiate needti ol the rural people, hith \t lx. and of pieparin.. the \01.ung1 people to solve otiler FA \ 5501i iii itit to elie rural W WI work daill priitmblems ich mi\ aimlle Ind \\hich stilti due tti 1antitiiise t cri poilt lppor-, ,insuICh prictical ,ki'ls and kno\\lcd.,.ss, due liu'nilol td \illseek L\L.', pos>ihlc oppol­ depend , ai\bet'quirt- il~\ tiriiin-l cUrss i+i ittilii tlnilt\ for COOpcratiny \\ith oitlier international ti _,, t rl~iini/ lllils, iiter-e .iiernieiit;it'ii.ClCe isWell ;snitional boidC, i'; tilt ' promotiOnll and I AO. like mist ntiiiii ,i'( erlllielits. utso i 'cu intt the illtr'i_ tl uttii2 people ciiCerlet %ith ;itht'r tclit li ilportant aspect liint strkiui in irulturii eoiiiiiiuiitues. , , of' rlrail s lolh\\urk this lii toc ,%\ithtie cultural lhe sutccs i'c this tnil t'rltic- tl+illot he ill , tliti ,pirittini _ciilicilt nltl< nil ,,tirsal. doubt. becauseit h e , \l ol7ii/cl that it cain he the forerutinC of' othlliccn erences aind FAO. like llst n;taioii+il mosflilme1lits. is sh;imihr uatherites MhiC 11ai\ f'ollo.\\. FAO stids Iiirmlk cois inCd ihat the \HIong pt,oplt constitute its hest \wishes aid t'or our part. as representatives tle most importaint hutiall reti_.'rCeC of it coun tr\. of' the orga nization. \%c are gratcful f*or the privilege aid wh.,t cer prolitable ailt eficti x\;.cti\asti be of participation. 75 short Thai classical dance by a girl student. Both events were much enjoyed and appreciated. Aug­ menting this program, delegates from Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and Thailand sang rural youth songs of their respective countries, to which was appended an inpromptu song by former members of the "i-American 4-H clubs who were among the visitors. AS Souvenirs of this memilorable visit, each delega­ tion was presented with wooden trays made by 4-H Club members of' Nonburi. The conference delegates then boarded two motor boats for a sightseeing trip down the Chao Phva River as guests of Thailand--a trip which terminated in a visit to. and refreshments by, the Fish Marketing .AI Nonhuri deltgates sa s a 4-I1 ('lu conduct a regular Orgaization. meeting, and present a special programi for their benefit. Ilere "'Yula Kasikorn" carries a cihic significance, as meetings are opened to parents and friends, entertainments are staged and denionstrations held, intprovements made on school buildings and grounds, and good citizenship fostered.

SUMMARY OF STUDY TOURS , For the benefit of delegates and observers. and in accordance with the saying that "Seeing is

bettei than hearing." three study tours werearranged -, to fit into tile tight over-al; conference schedule.

Study A On February 16, delegates and obscrvers visited = - Kasetsart University. 14 kilometers north of Bang- ,- ,Z, .. kok. The visitors were divided into two parties to facilitate movenient and were conducted over I)eleates lsere much interested in the mushroom-bIed the carnpIs by university staff' members. -Luan area.re rd i Suwan. the Rector. delivered a short address ( Study Tour C welcome and touched on many new and interestinSuyo topics from his own experience and observations. On February 21. delegates and observers After an informal bulfct luncheon featuring new travelled by buses to tiletown of Nakorn Pathom food introduction, tile visitors spent tile early to visit agricultural projects of Yuwa Kasikorn afternoon profitably disctssing their favorite members, who also presented a demonstration on subjects and s-eking further detailed information 'Mushroon Growing.' The Ptovincial Governor on many aspects of the university's activities. High- gave a short speech of welcome and invited them to lights of the tour were the egg-laying batteries lunch prepared by Yuwa Kasikorn girls. who used the so-called "Laver's Hotel,'' the goatery. the only locally gro\vn agricutural products. Music dairy cattle, the fish ponds, the seedling and was supplied by a school children's "atngalung" propagation nurseries, and the pilot rice mill. band playing instruments made from bamboo. Souvenirs were distributed. The visitors then visited Phra Pathoni Cluedi. an inspiring Buddhist pagoda and shrine, which is the Study Tour B famous landmark of' the town and province of' Nakorn Pathom. Souvenirs took tile form of On February 20 delegates and observers boxes of quail eggs and the vell-known "Nakorn attended a meeting of a Yuwa Kasi:,arn Club at Chaisri" pomeloes. Kema Pirataram School in Nonburi. The Provincial Returning to Bangkok, the visitors were given Governor spoke briefly in welcome. The ,-ub an opportunity to attend boxing matches at meeting and other business wereably conducted and Rajdanern Stadium, which specializes in boxing concluded. A Thai orchestra composed entirely of in which fists, elbows, knees and feet are freely school girls played classical tunes, and there was a used. 76 WELCOME TO DELEGATES Fish raising, I think, is another good project which I would like to recommend to you. You By LUANG SUWAN VAJOKKASIKIJ can always raise fish in a pond of any size or in any depth of water. The more profitable one is the Rector, Kasetsart University Chinese carp. We at the poultry section are now raising fish commercially in conjunction with our commercial egg production and find it very Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen, profitable. about at KasetsartWe University t KsetartUniersty arere muchuchintresed interested hatyouNow, willI would see andlike towhat tell youwe havesomething here, It is We culture, the result in extension work to help the farmers, their wives, suggestd that you see mushroom youth movement. sugsetatY eemhroClueteeut and their children through the of a research work of one of our officials here. Hence, the news of your meeting in Thaiiland Mushroom growing is worth many million baht was most welcome to us, and the more so when we a year now. The farmers around here and nearby learned of your intention to visit our institution, earn a lot of money from growing mushrooms, Now that you are here, let me express our sincere and from making mushroom spores for sale, or and cordiai welcome. disposing of the cut straw from tile rice field. I was asked to tell you something about agri- You can see fish raising both at the Fish Ex­ culture in our country. After thinking it over, periment Station and at tile poultry section. It is I realized that since you will be given a book oil the idea of the Fisheries Department to promote Thai agriculture, a ! ewly published volume by the fish raising in the rice field so that tile farmers will Ministry of Agriculture, and you have also received harvest both rice and fish at the same time. some leaflets giving information oil Kasetsart University, to talk about those two topics would be For you from countries where the chicken only a repetition and a waste of your time. So, industry is not well started we have tile hatchery, I would like to tell you something concerning Your tile brooding system, and the rearing o1 pullets, visit here. tile cage system. tie sexing by tile sexing machine, and the artificial insemination to show you. I would like to tell you that besides 'eing the We also have egg-laying contests inj cages, Rector of Kasetsart University, I am also an animal which were found to bc very simple and productive, husbandry man, especially, intercsted in poultry. with the average production of 220 eggs a year and In regard to animal raising, I learned through tile the highest record of 336 eggs-the equal of the Fisheries Department that it is avery good and pro- contest egg-production average anywhere. fitable practice to follow land animals, be it poultry or pigs, with fish, and feed the fish directly or in- A pilot commercial feed mill was set up to help directly with the manure of the chickens or of the start the feed industry and also to help the poultry pigs. raiser. The fish will be able to eat the undigested A pilot rice mill for use in the study of the grains and the dissolved portion will fertilize tile milling quality of rice, and rice testing apparatus, pond and help to stimulate the growth of plant and can be seen at the Department of Rice. animal life on which the fish can feed. By this Here rice selection experiments involving many means you can turn the land animal excrcta into thousands of rice varieties are carried on and the gold and make more profit from pigs or poultry. good varieties found are multiplied and distributed Raising chickens in cages is also a good 4-H project which may be recommended. By this means Attention wis given to scientific ;egetable culture during can start from one hen battery and get an the study tour to Kasetsart University. eggyou every, two Tile method isdays. very simple.More can Yoube raisedonly waterif desired. and '

feed the hen and collect the eggs. Geese are found to be " 'ry economical and may well be used as another 4-ri club project. In three months they will weigh up to 3 or 4 kilograms ? and could be sold for 30 or 40 bahts each. Geese-- )/,. can subsist on 90 percent grass and 10 percent of other feed, like grain, chicken ration, or the left­ overs from the kitchen. 77

' 71c to the farmers. Those are some of the things that I To the delegates from Japan, we thank you for would like to make known to you. the development of your sexoscope which we are Before I conclude I would like to thank you all profitably using. Some day we would like to ask once more and also the delegates from the United for the help of your sexing expert to teach us about States. I would like to take the opportunity to the other method of sexing with fingers. The new thank yoi for your help, for the knowledge we have sexing machine is good, but it is expensive. received, and for your good breeds of chickens. To the Philippine delegatcs let me acknow- To delegates from any country, we are glad ledge our indebetedness for building up many ofour to be of service. We are willing to cooperate and men who are now doing work in many lines of agri- help. We are now helping Burma in its poultry culture, including Kasetsart University. I, myself, industry by helping to train some poultry men and an a product of a Philippine education, by sending 50,000 hatching eggs there.

tional movies, slides, visuals, country dances, songs, games, and stunts put on by the various delegations. The final evening, Thursday, February 21, was 11 i ) . made colorful by the appearance of many delegates

,""" in native costumes.

Throughout the entire event the presence of . the youth delegates was most refreshing. Their spontaneity and their readiness to participate in discussions were inspiring to all. Their activities were under the expert leadership of Warre- Schmidt and Prayune Savanasoojarit.

Exhibits

I-sening shoisings of slides arnd films isereintersperscI wijth en- By advance arrangement with each country fertainmen, I Iere lpanesedeIegates envageinl:ancenumber. delegation, an excellent and extensive series of exhibits, teaching materials, home industry articles. Eve ing"Entertainment and other visuals were on display in the lounge and lobby throughout the conference. An amaz­ ingly interesting variety was provided by Cambodia, Adding greatly to the enjoyment of the con- Republic of China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, ference was a buffet dinner, reception and Thai Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and the United classical dance presentation on the first evening of States. Representative pictures are contained in the sessions-one of many courtesies extended by this report. the Ministry of Agriculture.

Four Thai classical dances of historical signi- In order that there might be afforded an ficance were staged by the School of Fine Arts. opportunity for study of the exhibits, a two-hour The programs provided descriptive sketches of period was provided for the purpose of reviewing each of the dances and afforded the audience in and asking questions about each. insight into one of Thailand's best loved arts. A center of interest was provided by the Although it was contemplated that evenings beautifully artistic Japanese doll presented to would be free for rest and relaxation and personal Phra Prakas Sahakorn on the opening evening of conferences. the interest of the delegates seemed to the conference by the Japanese delegation. This call for the development of informal programs at artistic creation was specially mounted and encased the Ratanakosin Hotel on alternate evenings. and displayed throughout the event. 78 Publicity O N many fronts, the conference was made known to a wide audience. Advance publicity ­ appeared in the Chincsc, Thai and English press of- Bangkok, and through a wire story of the United I'id[il.tilal llllf filtl Press originating in Tokyo. hq11 ,:0HJjj The opening session attracted a large battery of cameramen from local newspapers, USIS, com­ mercial photographers, Ministry of Agriculture, J&: and USOM. as well ats reporters fromn the Bangkok . World, INS, USIS, and a French news agency. One of the results of this coverage was an excellent One effective publicity device isas the use of large signs on the newsreel presentation appearing two days later ol sides of buses use to carry delegiates from place to place. Thai-TV. Two later conference programs also To Wshington byair was rushed a twenty-five supplied material for Thlai-TV. nminute interview with Dr. Aiton and Mr. Schmidt for National network broadcast and subsequent broadcast by Voice of America. A series of shorter tape-recorded interviews with the chairmen of thle dcleiations was quickly sent out by Voice of Armerica to listeners in nine participating coun­ tries. and disks of the interviews put in the hands of delegation chairmen to supply later publicity needs. Conferencc-prepared rCleases supplied 11,mtCrial which \was used on radio newscasts and in tfe dail. press. Pedestrians and sidewalk viewers were made Vrt arc of'what was going on by the buses utilized to transport delegates each day between the hotel and the meeting hall and on the series of field trips. . " Cloth signs attached to their sides, with letters a loot high, proclaimed the conference in both Thai ,- • .N1 and English. 4 One hundred fifty official conference photo­ " graphs taken with panoramic canera were mounted on cardboard and printed with title and names of delegates and observers, and distributed free of tidl I " . charge as personal keepsakes and publicity material.; In addition, more than 700 pictures of 4 conference activities were allotted to delegates for K . liomiCCOUntry display.

I !

V tDance rs from taBangkok fine arts school ente~rtained in traditional numbers at the buffet dinn,r gisen by the host go ernment. 79 By Unanimous Vote of the Conference It is Recommended That: I. Attention be directed to governments of the need for encouraging the rural youth movement in the Far East. 2. Plans be developed for conducting short courses or workshop extension training for rural youth workers within the Far East area. 3. Far East countries be encouraged to give more attention to home economics teaching and research activities. 4. A rural youth workshop be conducted every two years and that consideration be given by participating Far East governments and delegates to paying an increasing portion of the expenses of future youth conferences from sources within the country. 5. All country rural youth movements develop within their programs, and in cooperaft:n with each other, activities which will help members dev,.op closer relations with members in other countries through excl-anges of persons, correspondence and materials, thus contribL ting to oelpful exchange of ideas, to better under­ standing, to world peace. 6. The plan for inviting representatives of other organizations (such as FAO, UNESCO and foundations) interested in furthering rural youth activities to future rural youth conferences be continued. 7. In view of the key position of women in the family, and especially in the rural areas, governments be urged to organize as early as possible extension work with young women and girls in countries where these services do not exist at present. 8. There be a free exchange of information (documents) among the countries sponsoring the rural youth movement and that countries try to facilitate this exchange without too much "'red tape." 9. More attention should be given in leader training programs to practical demonstrations of recreational activities for rural youth groups. 10. Future conferences should include work groups on actual principles and techniques. Topics should include club-officer training and conducting of club meetings. 11. Youth should be invited to participate in any subsequent meetings of this kind but there should be more opportunity for youth to have time for separate working groups and discussions. 12. Boys should be encouraged to participate in projects related to home-making. 13. Much more emphasis should be put on health work with rural youth groups in existing health programs, particularly for young people who are out of school. 14. An exhibit and demonstration of popular board games from each country should be planned for the next conference of this type. More emphasis should be given to demonstrations of country social and recreational programs. 15. More attention should be given to recreational phases of rural youth group programs, particularly competitive sports, camping, drama, instrumental and vocal music, and folk dancing.

Delegate Opinion Poll

Evaluation of the conference was made by a committee headed by C.W. Chang, FAO regional agricultural advisor. Evaluation was arrived at by a questionnaire distributed to all delegates individually, and it proved to be of great value in the development of conference recommenda­ tions. Delegates were asked to check their opinions of facilities, planning, management, attributes, values and deficiencies of the confer­ ence, and to offer comments and suggestions. Out of the analysis of returned questionnaires came this conclusion, as stated by the committee chairman: "The conference was a real success, judged by any standards." Closing Remarks Committee, we have the greatest of respect, admiration and boundless thanks for sharing with us their traditional oriental hospitality. To the By M. C. LAKSHNAKARA KASHEMSANTA USOM Director, William J. Sheppard, the FAO, Permanent Presiding Officer the UN, the UNESCO, the Asia Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and all other international Ladies, Gentlemen and Fellow Delegates. organizations and agencies we wish to express our most sincere appreciation and profound gratitude The first Rural Youth Conference in the Far for giving us the opportunity to participate in this East is drawing to its conclusion this afternoon. history-making conference. Ther' is much left to be done when you return h(,:,ie to make usehc:~eofofwha whatt mae youyoue hae have seen,sen, whathatyouFor you the past several days, we have tried truly have heard, and what you have discussed at this and sincerely to unite our collective efforts in under­ conference, that you may adapt them to the best standing the problems of rural youth and develop­ advantage. The conference has been a successful ing a program designed to bring !tbout better educa­ one. The last 12 days have b'en very strenuous tional opportunities for them. and success is yout just reward. The aims and The record of this conference is replete with activities are not complete at this first conference brilliant thoughts of men and women dedicated to but improvement and betterment will always find the welfare and progress of rural people. The conferences that sce f thid ores a ruteo The room for achievementmayll tC rganzed f~~re.Success in successive of this conference is a tribute to tile capa­ may'organized in the future, city of Asians to think and act as Asians. It is I hope the delegtes will join me in thanking eoually a tribute, if not in a larger measure, to the O e ece Oaltruism of the organizations already mentioncd the USOM, the Conference Officers. te Conference and the people behind them without whose generotis Planning Commnittee and the Drafting Committee, issac n aubecnrbto hScerec 'I of whom ha-e contributed muLIchl to tile success of assistanceand valuable contribution this conference the Conference. To save time may I mention just would not ave achieved its objectiv. It was an two names: (I) Phra Prakas Sahakorn, thc Under- inspiration to our youth and a challenge to us Secretary of State for Agriculture, tile chairman of all. the conference Planning Committee. who always We have learned many things fro-i this confer­ came in personally to see what arrangements were ence. By exchanging views and ideas wiil you, in progress, and to see what inmproveients could be we have partaken and drunk of your xisdonl. By made for the comfort and enjoyment of delc,.ates, being present here, we have shared your spirit of and (2) Dr. E.W. Aiton of the United :'mtates dedication. By our intimate association, we have Department of Agriculture, who travelled halfway the warmth of your friendship, good,, ill and fellow­ around the globe to glvea helping hand and whose ship. I ani sure that my fellow delegates, as well service has undoubtedly been indispensable, as other officials 1nd observers, feel the sanle way as I do. Appreciation on Behalf of As the conference draws to a close, we cannot recitio Behelp but say that we are returning to our respective All Delegates countries richer in experience and knowledge, reinforced with greater confidence in ourselves in AYvJULN B. CABANOS carryingprogram forout oura morerural youth.vigorous and more effective Chief, Philippines Delegation pormfrorrrlyuh Lastly, we wish to assure you, Mr. Chairman, Mr. Chairman, Fellow Delegatc . Ladies and that we are going home with a deeper spirit for Gentlemen, greater service and more dedicated to tile welfare of the rira. people. The message of this conference is I feel greatly lionored to have been chosen to "to make the best better." This is the challenge of say a few parting words in behalf of all members today and tomorrow. I am confident that by of the participating countries to this conference. thinking, planning and working together we shall Once more, we greet you all in the name of our not fail. respective governmients aild people. As a token of appreciation to the Government To theGovernment of Thailand, His Excellency, of Thailand, may I have the opportunity now to and the distinguished members of his Planning make a presentation of an engraved plaque to the 82 Honorable Phra Prakas Sahakorn, chairman of the But now we must separate. This is a natural Planning Committee. We hope this plaque will law which is necessary if we hope to meet again. be a reminder to you of the many friends you have So, finally, on behalf of all the young people here, I made during these two weeks. The inscription wish to say "thank you so much" to the Thai Go­ on the plaque reads: vernment, to the International Cooperation Administration, to the Conference Planning and Special Citailon o Gratitude to Steering Committees. and to all the other fine folks Phra Prakas Salakorn who have made the first Far East Rural Youth and Workshop possible. My greatest hope now is for The Alinistrv of Agriculture of Thailand our future success. b.v Delegates to The Far East Rural Yoittli Conference Held at Bangkok. Thailand. Feb. 11-22, 1957 "Plant the Seeds!"

Apipreciation on Behalf of Remarksfy DPICE M.MACE Jr., Youth Club Delegates Chief, Food and Agriculture Division " ~ United States Operation Mission to Thailand

BRvMISS LEE YOH OK Mr. Chairman and Delegates, Korea This conference is not closing. It is only Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, and Friends, beginning. Now we come to the stage of spreading the ideas that have evolved. As a result of this hands priceless honor and privilege for me to be conference, each of you has in his It is a great hseeds, seeds of hope for countless millions of people here as a delegate to tile first Far East Rural Youth in South Eastern and Far Eastern Asia. Workshop. and to speak in behalf of the younger people in attendance here. This is probably the If yo1 gave such seeds to a club nierber and first international conference of its kind to be held hi did not glant them, wouldtou condemn him as anywhere in the world. Therefore. it is even a a poor club ncibcr. So I say, what about you? people to have been Wilo a club member at abot tou greater privilege for us younger club member and plant the selected as delegates from our countries. We have Will you be ai good b- this mleeting and have seeds v'ou obtained .;i this conference in ',e minds of allaine beenbroderl deeply impressedkprewede of rural othn wkhv every man, woman and child you can reach? The big question I pot to you is, "Will you plant the seeds? The seeds of hope which you are carrying First, we have learned something of the great home from this c',nference." importance of the 4-H idea in relation to out-of­ school education. To all my questions I say "Yes!" You will tell every man, Noman and child what rural youth Second, we have gained much information from education means to the progress of their national each other about many different projects and economics because Von now understand that no methods tliough demonstrations. discussions and nation in the Far East will ever progress faster than our work groups. its rural boys and Lirls.

Third, we have received many new ideas for In closing, permit me to say that this conference the future development of the rurq1 youth program. has been outstanding in a.city where many interna­ tional conferences e.re held. Your conference Fourth, and best of all, we have learned to has captured the admiration of the United Nations know each other better and are looking forward to experts in this sort of thing. Many of these pro­ having the opportunity for future exchange of fessionals tell me that it is. outstanding. If so, information and friendship, it is because every person here did his part and did it well. To me, personally, this conference has been an excellent one which I shall never forget. I am As I bid you "so long"-not "good bye"-I sure I speak the thoughts of all the members here. adjure you, "Plant the seeds." 83 Message to Closing Session

By H. E. FIELD MARSHAL PHIN CHUNHAVAN The Minister of Agriculture

Mr. Chairman, I have been informed that today will be the last day of your meeting of the Far East Rural Youth Conference and I wished to be present myself at the closing session of this conference. But unfortunately, my oiFicial upcountry tours and recent illness have until today prevented me irom having this pleasure. However, I have closely followed the progress of the conference with great interest and am gratified to learn that the conference has been very successful. It is generally accepted that rural vouth plays a v:ery important role in the future of every nation, because econolit: well-being and stability are founded on agriculture and on the utilization of natural resources. Head, heart, hands and health are, among other things, essential and should be cultivated in the present generation which forms the poten­ tialities of future development. Therefore, every country should pay special attention to this fact. During the past two weeks you have all worked hard in order to obtain satisfactory results from discussions and exchange of new ideas and techniqucs, so that the knowledge thus gained can later be made use of in your own countries. In addition, you have ha6 an opportunity of enhancing unde-rstand­ ing and making new friends. I regret that, owing to some circumstances, not every nat" )n in the Far East could participate; but I earnestly hope that the next Conference will see a wider participation. It would indeed be a privilege for this country again to welcome you cordially and to give you every facility during your stay. I am happy to inform you that I have received through His Excellency Max W. Bishop, the U.S. Ambassador to Thailand, a message from His Excellency Ezra Benson, the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, con­ gratulating us all on this auspicious occasihn. I have handed thi.', message to your chairman, and it will be read to you presently. As the conference isabout to end and you wil) soon be returning home, I hope that you will not forget this country and her people. Now I should like to present each one of you with a small souvenir which bears the emblem of the Ministry of Agriculture. On the emblem you will see Phra Bhirun, the God of Rain riding on a Naga: this is appropriate because water is so indispensable to agriculture. It is hoped that the outcome of this Conference will be of much value to your countries and I wish you all "Bon Voyage." 84 (Read at Closing Session)

AMERICAN EMBASSY, Bangkok, Thailand,

February 15. 1957

My Dear MarshalPhin: I have been directed by the Secretary of State to convey to you the following message m the Secretary of Agriculture. Ezra Taft Benson: "My sincere best wishes to you and the representa­ tives of the other 10 participating countries for a successful Rural Youth Conference. The more than two million 4-H Club members and the staffs of the cooperative extension service of the Department of Agriculture and the land-grant colleges within the United States join me in the hope that this conference will help all participating countries increase mutual un­ derstanding of each others' efforts and help increase educational programs for enriching the lives of r'jral young people everywhere." I would also like to add my personal wishes for a highly successful conference.

Sincerely yours,

(Signed) MAX W. BIsHOP;

His 17xcellency Field Marshal Phin Chun!avan, Minister of Agriculture, Bangkok. "Until We Meet Again"

Closing remarks hj' PHRA PRAKAS SAHAKORN Under-Secretary of State for Agriculture, and Chairman of the Conference Planning Committee

Mr. Chairman, Delegates and Observers. Ladies and I am very happy that I have had the privilege of Gentlemen, showing our hospitality to you and I hope that you will forgive us for anything that might have Since the opening day of the Far East Rural happened to you that might not have met your taste Youth Conference last week in th.. building, and convenience during your sojourn in our although I have not had the opportunity of parti- country. Certainly it was unintentional and we cipating personally in the discussion in several hav' tried to do our best. meetings of the conference, I hae cone here several times to observe for myselfl the progress you As the chairman of the Planning Committee I have been making a,d to find out what I could do would like to thank every one of you for your able to make \our meeting be carried out smoothly and and active participation in making this meeting a satisfactorily. I also occasion~illy picked up the great success. Your deliberation has made a long documents and materials \i hich were being step towards the goals for the improvement of rural circulated in order to have the benefit of knowing youth work in this part of the world. I also sin­ what was going on in the roomi. cerely appreciate the work of the various \ice-chair­ men for their ability in conducting the meetings to I amldeeply gratified to learn that the present satisfactory conclusions;. The members of the conference has made a notable record of success. Steering (ommittee and the Conference Officers In addition to the understanding of the philosophy, also receive my thanks and appreciation for their principles, and organization of the rural youth organization and administration of theconfcrcnce. work, you have also tried to bring about various matters pertaining to the methods of carrVing Out I cannot stop without admiring :ind appraising the programis by which the rural youth of today could be developedtomorow.he PTS~nC into hetter (11 men \Oi andaslxtenion,women of lareln cor,eomartsributed o the succcs,, the tomorrow. The presence of von as extension Thiacopshetanbdrto the sctrifthe ofnstcdbth meethmhs.meetings workers, levders, and youth members at this Their accomplishment can be der,onstrated by the confere:,:e hos brought about an exchange of large amount ofdocuments circulated. knowledge and ideas which isvery useful for future I also would like to mention and :hank fhe development of rural youth work. ICA which gives sponsorship to this conference in The exhibits which you have put up at this providing its funds, advisors and staff, which are conference are very interesting and attractive, indispensable for the success of the conference. These, and the way in which you have shown them, remind us that we are not very far apart from Above all, I wish to thank and at the same time each other but are just brothers and sisters of the congratulate the conference secretary, Dr. E.W. same race. Aiton, who has come to organize the conference and has put his Valuable time and effort in maki. I understand that this is the first rural youth it a great success. conference and it will be followed by several others in the future, and that what we lack today will be Lastly, I sincerely hope that every one of you fulfilled by the next conference. So let us hope that have enjoyed your visit here, and I wish that your since there is a lot of room for improvement, we journey home will b, both pleasant and safe until will do better next time. we meet again.

The popular Chairman of the Plaiminlg Committee, o behalf of the Minister of Agriculture, then presented to each delegate and conference officer exquisite gifts hi niello and silk, for which Thailandis celebrated. 86 APPENDIX A

Countries with 4-H Type Organizations

Country Club Naine Member- Country' Club Name Aember­ ship ship ARGENTINA Clubes Rurales Juveniles JAMAICA 4-H 14,000 (4-A) 20,000 JAPAN 4-H 306,736 AUSTRALIA Junior Farmers' 21,232 JORDAN Sadik 750 AUSTRIA 4-H 60,000 KOREA 4-H 273,000 BELGIUM J.,-.P. LIBERIA Future Farmers 504 Catholic Rural Youth LIBYA 4-H and Zavia 25 BRAZIL 4-S 534 NEPAL 4-Leaf Clover (4-L) BOLIVIA 4-S 2,223 NETHERLANDS Country Youth Assoc. CANADA 4-H 72,762 (C.Y.A.N.) 15,000 CEYLON Young Farmers' 40,000 Young Farmers and CH:LE 4-C 1,200 Gardeners 25.000 COLUMBIA 4-S 1,450 Catholic Federation of COSTA RICA 4-S 2,372 Christian Young Farm­ CUBA 5-C 11,841 ers and Gardeners DENMARK 6,000 YM&W 30,000 NORVAY 4-1H 17,000 4-H 10,000 PAKISTAN Chandtara 12,400 ECUADOR 4-F 3,124 PANAMA 4-S 10.48 EoNI'r Rural Welfare PARAGUAY EL. C.A.J. 680 SALVADOR 4-C 1,135 PERU C.A.J.P. 2,215 ENGLAND -AND WALES Young Farmers' 65,000 PIIILIPPINES 4-H 60,000 ETHIOPIA 4-H SCOTLAND Young Farmers FINLAND 9,000 4-H 60,000 SWEDEN 4-H 16,000 FRANCE Cercle de Jeunes JUF 20,000 Jeunesse Agricole Catho- TAIWAN 4-H 26,500 lique 300,000 "IfAILANI Yuwa Kasikorn 2,500 GERMANY Rural Youth Ad isor UNITIED STATIS Of Service, Federal Alliance AMERICA 4-H 2,150,000 of Rural Youth 150,000 URUGUAY Movimiento de laJuven­ GREECE Educational Rural Youth tudes Agraria 3,000 Group (4-H) 20,000 ULsTER Young Farmers 8,000 GUATEMALA 4-S VIETNAM 4-T 3,400 HAITI 4-C 821 HONDURAS 4-A 687 IRELAND Macra Na Feirma 20,000 Compiled jointly by Federal Extension Service, USDA, INDIA India Young Farmers' International Cooperation Administration, National 4--I Association 14,00 Club Foundation and National Committee on Boys and INDONLS1, 4-K 6,000 Girls Club Wo:k.

APPENDIX B

Home Addresses of Youth Delegates

Name Address Name Address MR. SHWJN CHOW No. 60, 11Seciion, Chin- MR. CHI-TsING LIAO JCRRNanhai Road, Tairci Kon Road, Toa-yaan, Agr. City, Taiwan Voc. School. 'Toa-yuan, Taiwan MR. CIN-KUEN Wu Care of Taiwan Provincial Farmers' Assoc. Tairei, MR. WANG HWA-LIN No. 59, II Section, Chi- Taiwan NA oad,Ta N R ipQ i I a iwa n NMR. TSEN-TIEN Lu Care of Tacnia Farmers' MR. CHANG-KUANG WUANG No. 8, Shih Luai Village, Association, Taichuiiir, Hsingwu Hsiang. Taoynan Taiwan Hsien. Taiwan MR. MING-SEN HSU No.1, Ming MISS Hwa Villge, CHU Tu No. 160, Ta Ke Ii Putze Talin Townshin, Cha ,i, Township, Taiv.an Taiw an i37 Name Adlress Name Address MR. Hsi-CHitH CHANG Extension Division JCRR, Miss TASAPHON LoI-TRAKUL 275 Sekew Amphur, Raja­ Taipei, Taiwan sima Province, Thailand

MR. PRAYUNE SAVANASOOJARIT 28SampayaRoad, Bangkok, Miss PAN-NEr BOON TRIK Ill Sekew Amphur, Raja­ Thailand sima Province, Thailand

MR. PINIT SUVANAJATA Agriculture Extension MR. Dow SANISRINONG Agriculture Extension Center, Rajasima Province. Center, Udorn Province, Thailand Thailand

Miss PIHAKA TANTIWONGSA Pongphan-0786, Vichayen MR. THANOMSAK ANUKUL Agriculture Extension Road, Lophuri Province, Center, C1iengmai Thailand Province, Thailand

Miss KALIAYA LENGSUWAN 255-256 Tongseng Store, MR. SOMIWUK TARDEE Agriculture Extension Sekew Amphur, Rajasima Center, Rajasima Province, Thailand Province, Thailand

APPENDIX C Conference Documents

Note: Ndimbers starred are not available for general 14. Speech of Response for Delegates-R.Y .C. distribution. 15. Speech of Warren Schmidt (I. F.Y.E.)-R.Y.C. 16. Thai Classical Dances-Thailand In a few cases a copy could be spared to heads of coun- 17. Daily Bulletin-Tuesday, February 12. I957-R.Y.C. try delegations upon special request to the Documents 18. Speech Presented by Mr. Mace-R.Y.C. Officer. Address Don P. Carter, USOM Rural Youth 19. Rural Youth Movement-Cambodia Advisor, care of American Embassy, Bangkok, 20. Country Report - Indonesia Thailand. 21. Country Report--.apan *22. 4-1-1 Work--Japan Code R.Y.C. indicates documents originating from the Far *23. Stories of Rura; Youth Work -- apan East Rura; Youth Conference. Country contribu- *24. 4-H Club Activities-Japan tions are indicated. 25. Report on UNESCO Mission-Cambodia *26. Chinese American-J.C.R.R. (distributed to country U.S.d.A. indicates docuent s originating frini chairmen only)-Rcpublic of China United States Department of Agriculture. *27. Agricultural Exenmion Work-Japan I.F.Y.E. indicates documents .,riginating from Inter- 28. Opening Rcmarks of H.R.H. Prince Lik----R.Y.C. national Fartn Youth Exchang.:. 29. Index 4-11 Club Eshibit-Korea 30. Speech of Mr. Sheppard-R.Y.C. I.C.A. indicates docunicnts originating from Inter- 31. Report Rural Youth Progran-Kor,.a national Cooperation Adoinistration. (U.S.O.M.) 32. Country Report-Philippines 33. Home Improement Extension Seriice-Japan F.A.O. indicates dto:tum1cnts originating from Food 34. Country Report--"Specch )elivered b. the Laos and Agriculture Organi/ation, t'nited Nations. Delegates etc.--Laos 35. Country Report -Report on Rural Youth Movement" I. Daily Bulletin -\onda Firtiar' II. 1957-R.Y.C. - Thailand *2. Guid/e Book-R.Y.C. . 36. Country Report "Rural Youth Program in Free 3. Fact Sheet-R.Y.C. Chint"--Republic of China 4. Countries \sith 44- ispe orini/.ations--U.S.D.A. 37. Country Report--"4-T Club Work"-Vietnam 5. Yuka Kasikorn (Promotional IBiletin of Rural 38. I-o\%to Encourage Rural Girls to take part in 4-T Youth Organiation)-Thailand Club Activities"- Vietnam *6. Proposed Agendam Stering Committee Meeting- 39 Bureau Agriculture lxtension---Philippine Sunday, Fbruar 10 (i)strihuted to Steering Con- 40. 4-H Club Accolplishments-Philippines mitlee only)- R.Y.C. 41. Secretary Record Book-(Distributed to Country *7 List of Chairmin of Countr Delcegations (Distributed Chairmen only- Philippines to Steering Committee onl)- R.Y.C. *42. Building a tGreater Vietnam Through 4-T--Victnam 8I. Plan for Vorking Groups--R .Y.C. *43. 4-1 Club Work-(distributed 6 copies per .ountry)- 9. Ceneral Announcements- R.Y.C. Philippines I(I. Opening Remarks by Phra lrakas Sahakorn-R.Y.C. 44. Official Delegate Far East RIri Youth ('onfrcnce- II. Opening Address b\ II.E. Air Marshal Muni M. R.Y.C Vejayant-Rangsricht --R.Y.C. 45. Daily Bulletin--February 13. 1957--R.Y.C. 12. Challenge of the Conierence by Dr. E.W. Aiton- 46. Opening Rcmarks of Kadar Marwani-Indonesia R.Y.C. 47. Summary of Rural Youth Activities in 42 countries- 13. General Agricultural Statistics (Distributed to head I.C.A. of eleg:m tions onls)--Republic of China 48. Key to Documents through February 12-R.Y.C. 88 49. Country Report-Nepal 94. Voluntcer Local Lead r-Thailand 50. Case History No. ]-"Training Extension Workers 95. Region No. 8 (4-H Club Program)-Philippines for Rural Youth Work"-Japan 96. Pre-Service Training -Philippines 51. Case History No. 2 "Agricultural Projects for Boys 97. Region No. 8 Letter to Extension workers and Local and Grls"--Thailand Leaders-Philippines 52. Yuwa Kasikorn Record Book-Thailand 98. Region No. 8 4-11 Club Newsletter-Philippines 53. Poultry Raising-(Project Bulletin)--Thailand 99. Parents Choose Adult Leaders-- Philippines 54. Raising Pigs-(Project Bulletin)-Thailand 100. Questions for Objective Supervision of 4-H Club 55. Raising Talapia--(ProJecl Bulletin)-Thailand Works A-Philippines 56. Vegetable Growing for Young Farmers (Project 101. Questions for Objective Supervision of 4-1-1Club Bulletin)- Thailand Works B-- Philippines 57. Supervision of Youth Club Project-Thailand 102. Training Planning and Publicity--for Working Group 58. Proje.ts and Educational Activities - Thailand B--Indonesia 59. 4-T Home Garden-- Vietnam 103. Case History No 9 Parent Cooperation-Korea (0. The Project Chain - Korea 104. Parent Cooperation - Philippines '.,I.(Same atsNo. 58) 105. Parent Cooperation --Thai land 62. Case Ilistory No. 3 -lome Economics Projects for 106. Check Sheet for Agriculture Fxtension Officer- Girlk--Japan Thailand 63. -Iome Economics Projects for Girls-Korea 107. Recommendations for Club Meetings-Thailand 64. Case ilistorv No. 4--Cottage Industry Projects for 108. Demonstration Progran---Thailand 13- s and Cirls-- Indonesia 109. Training Extension Workers-Thailand *65. -omnie Industry Guide Book----IPhilippines 110. Objectives, Purposes and Philosophy---Thailand 66. CaseHislorvNo.5 "Teaching Training Materials etc.' I1I. Tanning Rabbit Skins--Korea -- Republic of China 112. Ford Tractor Operation -- Korea 67. Teaching Methods and IMaterial- Thailand 113. Case History No. 10-- Influence of Music and Games 68. List of PIublication's, NIoie Pictures and Slide Films in 4-T Program-- Vietnain ---Japan 114. 4-T Agents and Leaders Material -- Vietnam 69. Brief Fplanation o1 Mos ie Films. Slidesand Demon- 115. Country Work Group Questions for working Group stration -.alan F-Republic of China "70. Organvation of 4-11 Club Work- distributed to 116. Credit for 4-11 Club Members (distributed 3 copies countr* chairmen only)- U.S.).A. per country)--U.S.D.A. :-71 Annial Report FOrm of Conntry Extension Workers * 117. International Rural Youth Prograns (distributed one 1d:':ribttcd to Co Lntry chairmen only) U.SI). A. copy per cont ry) - I.C.A. S72. Extension activities and accomplishments 1955--- 118. 4-' Members Record Book -Vietnan (di:,1;ibued to country chairmen only)--U.S.D.A. 119. 4-T Manila Folders-Vietnam ,73 Rual i)outh Start with Credit ---- distributed to coun- * 120. Summary of Rural Youth Activities in 42 countries ir.chairnen only) -- U.S.).A. (complete) (distributed I copy per country)--I.C.A. *74. Leadrs G uide for Credit Work (distributed to coun- 121. Key to Documents through February 14, 1957--R.Y.C. try charimen only) -U.S.D.A. 122. Region 8 4-11 Nc\slettcr--Philippines ;5. Farm Credit Manual (distributed 4 per country).- 123. Agenda for First Meeting of Working Group- I.C.A. R.Y.C. *76. For A Brighter Future (distributed 4 per country)-- 124. Working Group As:;ignment--R.Y.C. I.C.A. 125. Reference Documents eltful to Working Groups- *77. International Farm YOlth Exchange (distributed 2 R.Y.C. per cotntryl---l.F.Y.I.. 126. Plan for Training Municipal Extension Workers-- *78. 4-I-I Room Imr:rovement (distRibuted 2 per country) Philippines -Philippines 127. Nat'l. 4-11 N.'.vs-Spec. Edition-( per country) *79. Building A Greater Philippines (distributed I per U.S.D.A. country) 128. Introdluctory Remarks for t Work Group-A.J. *80. 4-I- Club Record Book (distributed 3 per country)- Brundage, R.Y.C. Advisor Philippines 129. Daily Bulletin--February 15, 1957-R.Y.C. 81. Demonstration on "Ikixinga Balanced Poultry Feed" 130. Working Group Suijects, Members, Officers, and -Thailand References, R.Y.C. 82. Country Chairman List--R.Y.C. 131. Song Sheet- R.Y.C. 83. Program for Working Group F- R.Y.C. 132, Public Welfare in Thailand---2 Copies per country-. *84. Method Demonstration-Republic of China Thailand *85.A Agriculture in Thailand (distributkd to foreign 133. Tentatvc List Observers---R.Y.C. delegates only)-Thailand 134. Programme De IL'Education )e Base-Mr. Chhum- *85.B Daily Bulletin-Thursday February 14, 1957-- Cambodia R.Y.(. 135. Raising Chickens and I logs -- Thailand 86. Case Ilistory No. 6--Volinteer Leaders-Philippines 136. Extension Philosophy- R.Y.C. 87. Facts about Thailand (distributed to foreign delegates 137. Philosophy and Scope of Ext. Set vices--R.Y.C. only)--Thailand 131.Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry-Japanese 88. Sightseeing Tours of ilangkok for Sunday- R.Y.C. 139. Daily Bulletin 89. Home Economics Education in Thailand 140. Orig;n of Yuwa Kasikorn in Thailand-Phanom 90. Rural ClubI, Program Division- Philippines Smitananda---Thailand 91. Dr. Yang Specch-F.A.O. 141. Youth Delegates Progratu-Questions-R.Y.C. 92.A Case History No. 7-Assistance from Private 142. Documents Sumrnary-R.Y.C. Groups and Sponsors-Korea 143. Report of Mitutes of Working Group A-R.Y.C. 92.1 Assistance from Private Groups-Philippines 144. Agricultural Education at Kasetsart University­ 93. Case History No. 8-Proper use of Incentives- R.Y.C.-Thailand Korea 145. A General Account of Fisheries--Thailand 89 146. Statistical Information on Kasetsart University- 173. Credit for Rural Youth Club Members-R.Y.C. Thailand 174. Final Report Working Group F-R.Y.C. 147. Tentative List Officers, Planning Committee, Dele- 175. Fish Marketing Organization and Bangkok Fish gates and Observers. February 15, 1957-R.Y.C. Market-Thailand 148. 4-H Recreation Bulletin-Republic of China 176. Mushroom Growing-Thailand 149. Sightseeing Tours of Bangkok-R.Y.C. 177. Phand Poultry Farm-Thailand 150. Draft Report Work Group B-R.Y.C. 178. Address-Governor of Nakorn Pathom-Thailand 151. Address of Welcome to 4-H Delegates, by Luang 179. Report of Evaluation Committee Suwan, Rector, Kase!sart Univcrsity-Thailand 180. Daily Bulletin, Friday 22, 1957-R.Y.C. 152. Report of Work Group E-R.Y.C. 181. Letter to Marshal Phin from Ambassador Bishop- 153. Daily Bulletin, Tuesday, February 17, 1957-R.Y.C. R.Y.C. 154. Schedule of Departures-R.Y.C. 182. Acknowledgement by J.B. Cabanos-Philippines 155. Report Work Group B-R.Y.C. 183. Appreciation of Youth Club Delegates by Miss Lee 156. Report Work Group E-R.Y.C. Yoh Ok-Korea 157. Philosophy, Purpose and Objectives of Educational 184. Closing address of Phra Prakas Sahakorn, Under- Work wxith Rural Youth Secretary of State for Agriculture-R.Y.C. 158. Preliminary Report of Group C-R.Y.C. 185. Message of H.E. Field Marshal Phin Chunhawan 159. Report of Working Group D)-R.Y.C. -R.Y.C. 160. Report of Working Group F-R.Y.C. 186. Outline and l)raft of Materials for Final Report- 161. Evaluation Questionnaire-R.Y.C. R.Y.C. 162. Program-i-Montaburi Club-- Tour B-R.Y.C. 187. Case Ilistories of Projects Visited o" Study Tour C- 163. Daily Bulletin, Wednesday, February 20, 1957- R.Y.C. R.Y.C. 188. "Plans Ahead"-Speech of Brice Mace at closing 164. Report of Group C on Project Work-R.Y.C. Session-R.Y.C. 165. UNICEF Health Kit-UNICEF 189. Message from Honorale Ezra Taft Benson- 166. Song Sheet-Philippines-February, 21 U.S.D.A. 167. Final Report Work Group E-R.Y.C. 190. Soig uscd by working Group F-R.Y.C. 168. Final Report Work Group A-R.Y.C. 191. Remarks of M.C. Lak Kashemsanta at Closing 169. Final Report Work Group D-R.Y.C. Session-R.Y.C. 170. Final Report Work Group C-R.Y.C. 192. Home Address of Youth Delegates-R.Y.C. 171. Daily Bulletin-February 21-R.Y.C. 193. Final List Key of Documents Distributed to Far East 172. Final Report Work Group B-R.Y.C. Rural Youth Conference-R.Y.C.

:90 Sightseeing delegates visit the magni­ ficent Wat PhraKaoe, i the walled town that is the Grand Palace.