Retiring the NSFNET Backbone Service: Chronicling the End of an Era by Susan R
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The Quilt Circle 2015
The quilt Circle National Regional Networks Consortium ...Advanced regional networking in support of research and education 2015 Edition A Letter from the President This year’s edition of The Quilt Circle is bursting with projects and programs enabled by the regional research and education networks that comprise our Quilt membership. Naturally, The Quilt is proud of the positive impact our member networks and organizations have on the communities they serve. Our annual publication gives us the opportunity to showcase the work of our members and highlight the collective impact each have on the institutions they serve and support across the nation. Given the depth and breadth of our members’ work, it can be challenging to select a single image that effectively captures and communicates its impact. This year’s cover, the image of DNA strands, is truly a fitting one to represent the work of our regional research and education network community. For those of you already familiar with the work of the regional research and education (R&E) network in your area and for those who are just learning about them for the first time in The Quilt Circle, you will quickly learn that our R&E networking DNA is indeed unique. It is in our R&E networking DNA to ensure our community of connected institutions are able to access advanced networking capabilities, tools and services when and how they need it, with the best possible performance so that the network is not an impediment to scientific progress. It is in our DNA for our networking organizations to be driven by the interests of our user communities to enable these institutions to fulfill their promise and mission. -
March 01 Cook Rept
The COOK Report on Internet Light, IP, and Gig E - Annual Report February 2001 They are getting some seed funding from cant role in these developments. We now could go into the dark fiber market and sell the Alberta government and that is to be used have many carriers building national infra- dark fiber and a fraction of what everybody to enable every community have low-cost structure that is independent of the old else was selling it for in order to gain mar- bandwidth such that any competitor, ISP, PSTN. ket share. So the question that we keep ask- business, or school can buy fiber strands. ing ourselves is whether the economic ben- COOK Report: Do you have any feeling at efits that we’re seeing now merely because COOK Report: So they are setting a kind of all that the cost effectiveness may move even we are leading the market place or are they green field example of running the fiber train beyond the range of 1000 to one? maybe there is a much more fundamental through for the first time and showing ev- driver? eryone how to jump on board and play the St Arnaud: It’s hard to speculate on that. game. What about dark fiber networks in the Nevertheless we are, right now, really down We are starting to understand some network provinces in general? to the true cost. We know how much it costs fundamentals that show that carriers cannot to deploy dark fiber as well as the incremen- gain huge economies of scale, and that, as a St Arnaud: A number of other provinces tal costs and the equipment. -
Local Infrastructures for School Networking: Current Models and Prospects
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 349 957 IR 015 693 AUTHOR Newman, Denis; And Others _TITLE Local Infrastructures for School Networking: Current Models and Prospects. Technical Report No. 22. INSTITUTION Center for Technology in Education, New York, NY. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC.; National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE May 92 CONTRACT 1-135562167-Al; MDR-9154006 NOTE 30p. PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) Viewpoints (Opinion/Position Papers, Essays, etc.) (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO" Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Communications; Comparative Analysis; *Computer Networks; Educational Change; Educational Technology; Elementary Secondary Education; *Futures (of Society); Information Networks; *Local Area Networks; Microcomputers; *Models; *Telecommunications IDENTIFIERS *Wide Area Networks ABSTRACT This paper identifies a paradigm shift that must take place in school networking. The ultimate goal is to retool the schools with a local technical infrastructure that gives teachersand students immediate access to communication systems andinformation resources, thereby supporting the implementation of advancesin pedagogy and educational technology. The current notionof telecomputing cannot address the information requirements locally within the school and, ultimately, will fragment and inhibit any move toward universal access to information resources. A technologyis needed that combines local and wide area networking(LAN and WAN), making access to remote resources part of the everyday work with school computers. This report contains the following sections: (1) The Problem: Combining Local and Wide Area Communication--facts about the current state of school networks and the dissociation of school LANs and WANs;(2) A Brief History of Network Technology;(3) A Convergence of School LAN's and WAN's--integrating and simplifying a school internetwork;(4) Current Models of School LAN-WAN Connectivity--a comparison of six models; and (5) Prospects for the Future. -
Inside This Issue
Volume 13, Number 3 THE NEWSLETTER OF THE MATHEMATICAL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA June 1993 A Comparison of University 1995 Winter Meeting to be held in Entrance Examinations in the San Francisco United States and in Europe As reported in the Febru ary issue of FOCUS, the Chantal Shafroth governing bodies of the Improving mathematics education has been part of our agenda for a AMS and MAA, at the long time, but the "new mathematics era" and all the curriculum re January Meetings in San forms that followed have not resulted in substantial improvements. In Antonio, considered the mathematics, average United States high school students continue to issue of whether, in view of compare unfavorably with their counterparts. It is time we realize that the decision by the voters the level of the national tests administered at the end of high school in Colorado to remove le determines the way the material is taught, so that if a national test gal safeguards protecting requires only a quick answer, presentation of results and correct rea homosexuals, to move the soning will not be emphasized in most classrooms.Tests are not only AMS-MAA Joint Meeting an assessment tool, but also an important teaching tool. scheduled for Denver in January 1995. In its December issue, FOCUS included a special section on the Japa nese University Entrance Examination [1] in the hope ''that a better The decision was to find an understanding of the level of mathematics expected of Japanese stu alternative site for this dents will give mathematicseducators inthe U.S. a basis for comparison meeting. -
NSFNET: the Partnership That Changed the World
NSFNET: The Partnership that Changed the World Celebrating 20 Years of Internet Innovation and Progress November 29-30, 2007 Crystal Gateway Marriott, Arlington, Virginia Contents: Event Supporters 2 Program at a Glance 3 Detailed Agenda 4 - 8 Speaker Biographies 9 - 16 NSFNET: The Partnership that Changed the World 1 The organizers wish to thank the following organizations for supporting this event: Advanced Network & Services, Inc. www.advanced.org Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com IBM www.ibm.com Internet2 www.internet2.edu Juniper Networks www.juniper.net Merit Network, Inc. www.merit.edu National Science Foundation www.nsf.gov 2 Program at a Glance (see pages 4 - 8 for detailed program) Thursday, November 29, 2007 - General Program 7:30 - 8:30 a.m. Registration and Continental Breakfast 8:30 - 9:15 Welcome Speakers: Eric M. Aupperle and Jane Caviness The Internet History Archive Speaker: Doug Gale Introductory Comments Speaker: John H. Marburger, III Keynote - NSFNET: The Phenomenon Speaker: Douglas E. Van Houweling 9:20 - 10:35 Panel - NSFNET: The Beginnings Moderator: Lawrence Landweber 10:35 - 11:00 Break 11:00 - 11:55 Panel - NSFNET: The Solicitation & The Merit Partnership Moderator: Jane Caviness 11:55 - 12:45 Lunch 12:45 - 1:45 Panel - NSFNET: The T1—The Internet Comes of Age Moderator: Eric M. Aupperle 1:50 - 2:50 Panel - NSFNET: The T3 Backbone Service—The Internet Matures Moderator: Allan H. Weis 2:50 - 3:15 Break 3:15 - 4:35 Panel - NSFNET: The Community Moderator: Doug Gale 4:40 - 5:30 Panel - NSFNET: The Impact on Research and Science Moderator: George O. -
The Great Telecom Meltdown
4 The Internet Boom and the Limits to Growth Nothing says “meltdown” quite like “Internet.” For although the boom and crash cycle had many things feeding it, the Internet was at its heart. The Internet created demand for telecommunications; along the way, it helped create an expectation of demand that did not materialize. The Internet’s commercializa- tion and rapid growth led to a supply of “dotcom” vendors; that led to an expec- tation of customers that did not materialize. But the Internet itself was not at fault. The Internet, after all, was not one thing at all; as its name implies, it was a concatenation [1] of networks, under separate ownership, connected by an understanding that each was more valuable because it was able to connect to the others. That value was not reduced by the mere fact that many people overesti- mated it. The ARPAnet Was a Seminal Research Network The origins of the Internet are usually traced to the ARPAnet, an experimental network created by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, a unit of the U.S. Department of Defense, in conjunction with academic and commercial contrac- tors. The ARPAnet began as a small research project in the 1960s. It was pio- neering packet-switching technology, the sending of blocks of data between computers. The telephone network was well established and improving rapidly, though by today’s standards it was rather primitive—digital transmission and switching were yet to come. But the telephone network was not well suited to the bursty nature of data. 57 58 The Great Telecom Meltdown A number of individuals and companies played a crucial role in the ARPAnet’s early days [2]. -
Abkürzungs-Liste ABKLEX
Abkürzungs-Liste ABKLEX (Informatik, Telekommunikation) W. Alex 1. Juli 2021 Karlsruhe Copyright W. Alex, Karlsruhe, 1994 – 2018. Die Liste darf unentgeltlich benutzt und weitergegeben werden. The list may be used or copied free of any charge. Original Point of Distribution: http://www.abklex.de/abklex/ An authorized Czechian version is published on: http://www.sochorek.cz/archiv/slovniky/abklex.htm Author’s Email address: [email protected] 2 Kapitel 1 Abkürzungen Gehen wir von 30 Zeichen aus, aus denen Abkürzungen gebildet werden, und nehmen wir eine größte Länge von 5 Zeichen an, so lassen sich 25.137.930 verschiedene Abkür- zungen bilden (Kombinationen mit Wiederholung und Berücksichtigung der Reihenfol- ge). Es folgt eine Auswahl von rund 16000 Abkürzungen aus den Bereichen Informatik und Telekommunikation. Die Abkürzungen werden hier durchgehend groß geschrieben, Akzente, Bindestriche und dergleichen wurden weggelassen. Einige Abkürzungen sind geschützte Namen; diese sind nicht gekennzeichnet. Die Liste beschreibt nur den Ge- brauch, sie legt nicht eine Definition fest. 100GE 100 GBit/s Ethernet 16CIF 16 times Common Intermediate Format (Picture Format) 16QAM 16-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 1GFC 1 Gigabaud Fiber Channel (2, 4, 8, 10, 20GFC) 1GL 1st Generation Language (Maschinencode) 1TBS One True Brace Style (C) 1TR6 (ISDN-Protokoll D-Kanal, national) 247 24/7: 24 hours per day, 7 days per week 2D 2-dimensional 2FA Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung 2GL 2nd Generation Language (Assembler) 2L8 Too Late (Slang) 2MS Strukturierte -
Reports' Descriptive (141)
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 372 729 IR 016 654 AUTHOR Eschbach, Darel TITLE What Is the Internet, Who Is Running It and How Is It Used? PUB DATE [Feb 94] NOTE 38p. PUB TYPE Reports' Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Access to Information; *Administration; *Computer Networks; Computer Uses in Education; Diffusion (Communication); *Electronic Mail; *Information Networks; Information Transfer; Technological Advancement; User Needs (Information) IDENTIFIERS *Internet; *National Information Infrastructure; National Science Foundation ABSTRACT The Internet, for the purposes of this discussion, refers to the network that has the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) as its backbone. For this paper, internet is the larger connection of networks that provides a minimum basic connection for electronic mail. The network is made up of many segments structured in a multitiered hierarchy from the NSFNET backbone to the networks at participating institutions. Network operations centers and information centers provide for pnysical communications ci-cuits, equipment servicing, and user support services. No one person or agency is responsible for the Internet/internet, but the system works as a result of a background culture and tradition that has developed over the years. There isa wealth of information available on how to usa the Internet/internet as it exists, and a wealth of speculation about its growth in light of the planned National Information Infrastructure. Three figures, three maps, and five attachments illustrate -
Internetworking : Multicast and ATM Network Prerequisites for Distance Learning
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1996-09 Internetworking : multicast and ATM network prerequisites for distance learning Tamer, Murat Tevfink Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/32280 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS INTERNETWORKING: MULTICAST AND ATM NETWORK PREREQUISITES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING by Murat Tevfik Tamer September 1996 Thesis Advisors: Don Brutzman Michael Zyda Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 19970220 056 .------------------------------------------------- Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Su~e 1204, Arfington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork R_eduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY CLeave Blank) 12. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 1996 Master's Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Internetworking: Multicast and ATM Network Prerequisites for Distance Learning 6.AUTHOR Tamer, Murat Tevfik 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING/ MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/ MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the United States Government. -
End-To-End Routing Behavior in the Internet
End-to-End Routing Behavior in the Internet Vern Paxson University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [email protected] Abstract Our framework for answering these questions is the measure- ment of a large sample of Internet routes between a number of The large-scale behavior of routing in the Internet has gone virtually with- geographically diverse hosts. We argue that the set of routes is rep- out any formal study, the exception being Chinoy's analysis of the dynamics resentative of Internet routes in general, and analyze how the routes of Internet routing information [Ch93]. We report on an analysis of 40,000 changed over time to assess how Internet routing in general changes end-to-end route measurements conducted using repeated “traceroutes” be- over time. x In x 2and 3 we give overviews of related research and how tween 37 Internet sites. We analyze the routing behavior for pathological routing works in the Internet. In x 4 we discuss the experimental and conditions, routing stability, and routing symmetry. For pathologies, we statistical methodology for our analysis. In x 5wegiveanoverview characterize the prevalence of routing loops, erroneous routing, infrastruc- of the participating sites and the raw data. We classify a number ture failures, and temporary outages. We find that the likelihood of encoun- of routing pathologies in x 6, including routing loops, rapid routing tering a major routing pathology more than doubled between the end of changes, erroneous routes, infrastructure failures, and temporary 1994 and the end of 1995, rising from 1.5% to 3.4%. -
Internet2 Status
Internet2 Status Strategy Discussion 2/6/2001 Tomorrow’s Internet Billions of users and devices Convergence of today’s applications with multimedia (telephony, video- conference, HDTV) Interconnect personal computers, servers, and imbedded computers New technologies enable unanticipated applications (and create new challenges) Today’s Internet Doesn’t Provide reliable end-to-end performance Encourage cooperation on new capabilities Allow testing of new technologies Support development of revolutionary applications Why Internet2? The Internet was not designed for: • Millions of users • Congestion • Multimedia • Real time interaction But, only the Internet can: • Accommodate explosive growth • Enable convergence of information work, mass media, and human collaboration Internet2 is focused on the Internet’s potential for our future What Is Internet2? A project of the university community working with our corporate colleagues and government to close the gap between the potential and reality of the Internet Why University Leadership? The Internet came from the higher research university community • Stanford -- the Internet protocols • NSFNet -- the scaled-up Internet • CERN -- The WWW protocols • University of Illinois -- The Web browser Research universities require an advanced Internet and have demonstrated they can develop it Internet Development Spiral Commercialization Privatization ANS/Core PSI MichNet Today’s Internet AOL UUNet SURANet InternetMCI NYSERNet Intelligent GigaBit ARPANet NSFNet Networks Testbeds NGI MBone Internet2 Research and Development Partnerships Internet2 Mission Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet. Internet2 Goals Enable new generation of applications Re-create leading edge R&E network capability Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet Organization: Membership Regular members: >180 U.S. -
Domestic and International Telecommunications
NASA-C_-IgI660 U.S. COMPUTER RESEARCH NETWORKS: DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS oo co .,,o PREPARED FOR: ,o e..,i to I'.- t NASA Lewis Research Center U C: ,..4 z O Contract No. NAS3-25083, Task Order 4 N ',,0 J. E. Hollansworth et_ L9 PREPARED BY Contel Federal Systems Government Networks Group o. D. Kratochvil And D. Sood M5 t_ t_ £ tit DECEMBER, 1990 L _0 U. m Jlm PREFACE This report was prepared by Contei Federal Systems for the NASA Lewis Research Center under Task Order 4 of the Contract NAS3-25083. Under this contract, Contel Federal Systems provides technical support to NASA for the assessment of the future market for satellite communications services. Task Order 1 focused on the costs and tariffs for telecommunications services. Task Order 2 dealt with the current and future domestic telecommunications requirements of the United States research community. Task Order 3 identified the legal and regulatory issues related to Direct Broadcast Satellite-Radio. Task Order 4, the results of which are presented in this report and summarized in Section 1, Introduction And Summary, focused on the impact of current and future international telecommunications requirements of the United States research community. Page ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank members of the Coordinating Committee For Intercontinental Research Networking (CCIRN), the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology (FCCSET), the Federal Research lnternet Coordinating Committee (the FRICC which now has been replaced by the Federal Networking Council, FNC), and other Federal agency representatives who provided information on their networks.