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People for Profit: North Korean Forced Labour on a Global Scale Edited by Remco E
PEOPLE FOR PROFIT People for Profit North Korean Forced Labour on a Global Scale Edited by Remco E. Breuker & Imke B.L.H. van Gardingen Contributors Jan Blinka Britt C.H. Blom Marte C.H. Boonen Klara Boonstra Rosa Brandse Remco E. Breuker Imke B.L.H. van Gardingen Larissa van den Herik Tycho A. van der Hoog Marieke P. Meurs Cedric Ryngaert Shannon R. Stewart Anoma P. van der Veere This is an open source publication by LeidenAsiaCentre. Copyright © 2018 (authors). People for Profit: North Korean Forced Labour on a Global Scale Edited by Remco E. Breuker and Imke B.L.H. van Gardingen ISBN 978-90-826167-1-2 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-826167-3-6 (e-book) LeidenAsiaCentre is an independent research centre affiliated with Leiden University and made possible by a grant from the Vaes Elias Fund. The centre focuses on academic research with direct application to society. All research projects are conducted in close cooperation with a wide variety of partners from Dutch society. More information can be found on our website: www.leidenasiacentre.nl For contact or orders: [email protected] M. de Vrieshof 3, 2311 BZ Leiden, The Netherlands Book design: A.P. van der Veere Contents Contributors IX Acknowledgements XII Introduction Remco E. Breuker and Imke B.L.H. van Gardingen 1 Chapter I Setting the Background: Labour Conditions in the DPRK Remco E. Breuker 6 Chapter II Accountability for DPRK Workers in the Value Chain: The Case of Partner Shipyard, a Polish Shipbuilder and its Dutch Partners Imke B.L.H. -
Special Report No
SPECIAL REPORT NO. 490 | FEBRUARY 2021 UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE w w w .usip.org North Korea in Africa: Historical Solidarity, China’s Role, and Sanctions Evasion By Benjamin R. Young Contents Introduction ...................................3 Historical Solidarity ......................4 The Role of China in North Korea’s Africa Policy .........7 Mutually Beneficial Relations and Shared Anti-Imperialism..... 10 Policy Recommendations .......... 13 The Unknown Soldier statue, constructed by North Korea, at the Heroes’ Acre memorial near Windhoek, Namibia. (Photo by Oliver Gerhard/Shutterstock) Summary • North Korea’s Africa policy is based African arms trade, construction of owing to African governments’ lax on historical linkages and mutually munitions factories, and illicit traf- sanctions enforcement and the beneficial relationships with African ficking of rhino horns and ivory. Kim family regime’s need for hard countries. Historical solidarity re- • China has been complicit in North currency. volving around anticolonialism and Korea’s illicit activities in Africa, es- • To curtail North Korea’s illicit activ- national self-reliance is an under- pecially in the construction and de- ity in Africa, Western governments emphasized facet of North Korea– velopment of Uganda’s largest arms should take into account the histor- Africa partnerships. manufacturer and in allowing the il- ical solidarity between North Korea • As a result, many African countries legal trade of ivory and rhino horns and Africa, work closely with the Af- continue to have close ties with to pass through Chinese networks. rican Union, seek cooperation with Pyongyang despite United Nations • For its part, North Korea looks to China, and undercut North Korean sanctions on North Korea. -
"Mostly Propaganda in Nature": Kim Il Sung, the Juche Ideology, and The
NORTH KOREA INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTATION PROJECT WORKING PAPER #3 THE NORTH KOREA INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTATION PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES Christian F. Ostermann and James F. Person, Series Editors This paper is one of a series of Working Papers published by the North Korea International Documentation Project of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Established in 2006 by a grant from the Korea Foundation, and in cooperation with the University of North Korean Studies (Seoul), the North Korea International Documentation Project (NKIDP) addresses the scholarly and policymaking communities’ critical need for reliable information on the North Korean political system and foreign relations by widely disseminating newly declassified documents on the DPRK from the previously inaccessible archives of Pyongyang’s former communist allies. With no history of diplomatic relations with Pyongyang and severely limited access to the country’s elite, it is difficult to for Western policymakers, journalists, and academics to understand the forces and intentions behind North Korea’s actions. The diplomatic record of North Korea’s allies provides valuable context for understanding DPRK policy. Among the activities undertaken by the project to promote this aim are a section in the periodic Cold War International History Project BULLETIN to disseminate new findings, views, and activities pertaining to North Korea in the Cold War; a fellowship program for Korean scholars working on North Korea; international scholarly meetings, conferences, and seminars; and publications. The NKIDP Working Paper Series is designed to provide a speedy publications outlet for historians associated with the project who have gained access to newly- available archives and sources and would like to share their results. -
Federal Register/Vol. 83, No. 42/Friday, March 2, 2018/Notices
Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 42 / Friday, March 2, 2018 / Notices 9085 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: meeting. Members of the public may applicable legal criteria were satisfied. Michael R. Brickman, Deputy contact the OCC via email at MSAAC@ All property and interests in property Comptroller for Thrift Supervision, OCC.treas.gov or by telephone at (202) subject to U.S. jurisdiction of these (202) 649–5420, Office of the 649–5420. Members of the public who persons, and these vessels, are blocked, Comptroller of the Currency, are deaf or hearing impaired should call and U.S. persons are generally Washington, DC 20219. (202) 649–5597 (TTY) by 5:00 p.m. EDT prohibited from engaging in transactions SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: By this on Wednesday, March 14, 2018, to with them. notice, the OCC is announcing that the arrange auxiliary aids such as sign DATES: See SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION MSAAC will convene a meeting on language interpretation for this meeting. section. Attendees should provide their full Wednesday, March 21, 2018, at the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: OCC’s offices at 400 7th Street SW, name, email address, and organization, if any. For security reasons, attendees OFAC: Associate Director for Global Washington, DC 20219. The meeting is Targeting, tel.: 202–622–2420; Assistant open to the public and will begin at 8:30 will be subject to security screening procedures and must present a valid Director for Sanctions Compliance & a.m. EDT. The purpose of the meeting Evaluation, tel.: 202–622–2490; is for the MSAAC to advise the OCC on government-issued identification to enter the building. -
Current Affairs in North Korea, 2010-2017: a Collection of Research Notes
235 Current Affairs in North Korea, 2010-2017: A Collection of Research Notes Rudiger Frank Abstract Starting with the public introduction of Kim Jong-un to the public in autumn of 2010 and ending with observations of consumerism in February 2017, this collection of 16 short research notes that were originally published at 38North discusses some of the most crucial issues, aside from the nuclear problem, that dominated the field of North Korean Studies in the past decade. Left in their original form, these short articles show the consistency of major North Korean policies as much as the development of our understanding of the new leader and his approach. Topics covered include the question of succession, economic statistics, new ideological trends such as pyŏngjin, techno- logical developments including a review of the North Korean tablet computer Samjiyŏn, the Korean unification issue, special economic zones, foreign trade, parliamentary elections and the first ever Party congress since 1980. Keywords: North Korea, DPRK, 38North Frank, Rudiger. “Current Affairs in North Korea, 2010-2017: A Collection of Research Notes” In Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies, Volume 9, eds. Rudiger Frank, Ina Hein, Lukas Pokorny, and Agnes Schick-Chen. Vienna: Praesens Verlag, 2017, pp. 235–350. https://doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2017-0008 236 Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies Hu Jintao, Deng Xiaoping or another Mao Zedong? Power Restruc- turing in North Korea Date of original publication: 5 October 2010 URL: http://38north.org/2010/10/1451 “Finally,” one is tempted to say. The years of speculation and half-baked news from dubious sources are over. -
Interaction Member Activity Report North Korea a Guide to Humanitarian and Development Efforts of Interaction Member Agencies in North Korea
InterAction Member Activity Report North Korea A Guide to Humanitarian and Development Efforts of InterAction Member Agencies in North Korea September 2005 Photo by Reuters/Ho Produced by Josh Kearns With the Humanitarian Policy and Practice Unit of 1717 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Suite 701, Washington DC 20036 Phone (202) 667-8227 Fax (202) 667-8236 Website: http://www.interaction.org Table of Contents Map of North Korea 2 Background Summary 3 Report Summary 5 Organizations by Sector Activity 6 Glossary of Acronyms 7 InterAction Member Activity Report Adventist Development and Relief Agency 8 American Friends Service Committee 10 Americares 12 Baptist World Aid 13 Catholic Relief Services 14 Holt International Children’s Services 16 Korean American Sharing Movement 17 Mercy Corps 18 Refugees International 20 US Fund for UNICEF 21 World Vision 24 InterAction Member Activity Report for North Korea 1 September 2005 Map of North Korea Map courtesy of Central Intelligence Agency / World Fact Book InterAction Member Activity Report for North Korea 2 September 2005 Background Summary Since the mid-1990’s, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) has experienced a severe food shortfall. Exacerbated by a series of droughts and floods, the DPRK is further plagued by unsafe drinking water supplies, declining public health services, and an energy crisis. Economic mismanagement and a loss of support from North Korea’s traditional communist allies after the end of the Cold War have led to continuing economic decline over the last decade. Food rations under the government’s Public Distribution System (PDS), upon which many North Koreans depend for survival, went into serious decline beginning in 1994. -
May Day Short Tour May Day Is One of the Best Times to Visit North Korea
May Day Short Tour May Day is one of the best times to visit North Korea during the calendar year for the fine weather and festivities. Also known as International Workers’ Day, or Labour Day, the May Day celebration is a day off and locals take to the outdoors for picnics, dancing, and sports - and you can join in too! In Pyongyang, there is an annual festival held at Mt. Taesong with musical performances and traditional folk games. Spring is in the air and May Day offers a good chance to meet the locals and learn about everyday leisure in North Korea. In addition to the highlights of the North Korean capital Pyongyang and taking a day trip out to visit historic Kaesong and the DMZ, we’ll have time for walks in the city, dining at Pyongyang’s most famous restaurant, shopping at the local Kwangbok supermarket, a picnic lunch. Plus, a volleyball game against a Korean company team. Volleyball is one of the most popular sports in North Korea and almost every company, school, office, section, or unit has a team! See if you can beat them! The Experts in Travel to Rather Unusual Destinations. [email protected] | +86 10 6416 7544 | www.koryotours.com 27 Bei Sanlitun Nan, Chaoyang District, 100027, Beijing, China The Experts in Travel to Rather Unusual Destinations. [email protected] | +86 10 6416 7544 | www.koryotours.com 27 Bei Sanlitun Nan, Chaoyang District, 100027, Beijing, China Download our new (and free!) Koryo Tours North Korea Guide Book for full descriptions of locations on the itinerary below. -
North Korean Decisionmaking
C O R P O R A T I O N JOHN V. PARACHINI, SCOTT W. HAROLD, GIAN GENTILE, DEREK GROSSMAN, LEAH HEEJIN KIM, LOGAN MA, MICHAEL J. MAZARR, LINDA ROBINSON North Korean Decisionmaking Economic Opening, Conventional Deterrence Breakdown, and Nuclear Use For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA165-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0553-1 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface Discerning the decisionmaking of Kim Jong-Un and the North Korean regime on issues of peaceful engagement and warlike actions endures as a mighty challenge for U.S. -
Questions and Answers on the Songun Idea
1. What is the Songun idea in a word? The Songun idea is, in short, an idea of carrying on the revolution and construction with the army as the main force on the principle of giving priority to the military affairs. 2. How was the Songun idea created? President Kim Il Sung (1912–1994), the father of socialist Korea, founded the Songun idea. In the mid-1920s, Kim Il Sung embarked on the struggle to liberate Korea from Japan’s military occupation (1905–1945) and found out the truth that victory in the revolutionary QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS cause and the independence, sovereignty and ON THE SONGUN IDEA prosperity of the country depend on arms. At the meeting of leaders of the Young © The Foreign Languages Publishing House, DPRK Communist League and the Anti-Imperialist Published on March 30, Juche 101(2012) Youth League held in Kalun, China, in June 1930, ㄱ-2835029 Kim Il Sung proposed the line of anti-Japanese E-mail: [email protected] armed struggle based on the principle of http://www.naenara.com.kp Songun. This marked the foundation of the Songun idea. 56 1 3. What were the socio-historical conditions bility of Korea that advances under the banner of for the foundation of the Songun idea? Songun. The Songun idea and Songun politics deal The Songun idea was created in the situation of hard blows at the imperialist aggressive forces on the times when the imperialists’ acts of invasion a worldwide scale, encourage the anti-imperialist and plunder of colonial countries became more forces of independence and give a forceful impetus unscrupulous. -
KCNA File No. 21
SINO-NK.COM KOREAN CENTRAL NEWS AGENCY FILE NO. 20 27 July 2012 –7 August 2012 Analysis: Despite the steady start to the week, KCNA coverage of China unexpectedly dropped off in the later half of the week, with five consecutive days of no reporting on China. Of the 13 stories that were published, 8 of them were on topics relating to the diplomatic ties shared between China and the DPRK. Amid various delegation visits, banquets, and formal receptions, two stories focused on Chinese newspapers praising developments in North Korean society from a fertilizer complex to the increased economic success of the country, saying, “the people's living standard has further improved under the guidance of the Workers' Party of Korea and the DPRK government.” With the majority of focus on China stories this week being on exulting strong diplomatic ties, KCNA continues to remind the world of its ties with China, and more importantly, of China’s continued allegiance to the DPRK as the tensions in the region continue. The drop-off in coverage may suggest that KCNA is satisfied with its portrayal of the Sino-North Korean relationship, resulting in more attention and more publications relating to denouncing the US, Japan, and South Korea as their cooperation continues in the area. Another related story, though not necessarily of diplomatic focus was the story, Victory in Fatherland Liberation War Is Common Victory of DPRK, China. In this story, KCNA gives a glorious account of the strength of the two countries, and their “miracle” victory over US imperialism, but more importantly that their cooperation was and is to mutual benefit. -
Encyclopedia of Kimilsungia
1 Preface Love of flower is a noble trait peculiar to man. Flower brings fragrance, emotion and beauty to people. That is why they love it, and hope to live beautifully and pure-heartedly like it. At the same time, they express their wish and desire, happiness and hope by means of it, and want to bring their life into full bloom, picturing themselves in it. Kimilsungia, which was named by Sukarno, the first President of the Republic of Indonesia, reflecting the desire of the progressive people of the world, is loved by mankind not only because it is beautiful but also it is symbolic of the greatness of President Kim Il Sung. The editorial board issues Encyclopedia of Kimilsungia in reflection of the unanimous will of the Korean people and the world’s progressive people who are desirous to bloom Kimilsungia more beautifully and propagate it more widely on the occasion of the centenary of the birth of President Kim Il Sung. The book introduces in detail how Kimilsungia came into being in the world, its propagation, Kimilsungia festivals and exhibitions held in Korea and foreign countries every year, events held on the occasion of the anniversary of the naming of the flower, and its biological features and cultivating techniques the Korean botanists and growers have studied and perfected. And edited in the book are the typical literary works depicting Kimilsungia and some of gift plants presented to President Kim Il Sung by foreign countries. In addition, common knowledge of flower is compiled. The editorial board hopes this book will be a help to the flower lovers and people of other countries of the world who are eager to know and grow Kimilsungia. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title From Soviet Origins to Chuch’e: Marxism-Leninism in the History of North Korean Ideology, 1945-1989 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88w5d6zj Author Stock, Thomas Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles From Soviet Origins to Chuch’e: Marxism-Leninism in the History of North Korean Ideology, 1945-1989 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures by Thomas Stock 2018 © Copyright by Thomas Stock 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION From Soviet Origins to Chuch’e: Marxism-Leninism in the History of North Korean Ideology, 1945-1989 by Thomas Stock Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Namhee Lee, Chair Where lie the origins of North Korean ideology? When, why, and to what extent did North Korea eventually pursue a path of ideological independence from Soviet Marxism- Leninism? Scholars typically answer these interrelated questions by referencing Korea’s historical legacies, such as Chosŏn period Confucianism, colonial subjugation, and Kim Il Sung’s guerrilla experience. The result is a rather localized understanding of North Korean ideology and its development, according to which North Korean ideology was rooted in native soil and, on the basis of this indigenousness, inevitably developed in contradistinction to Marxism-Leninism. Drawing on Eastern European archival materials and North Korean theoretical journals, the present study challenges our conventional views about North Korean ideology.