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Cylinder Deactivation: a Technology with a Future Or a Niche Application?: Schaeffler Symposium
172 173 Cylinder Deactivation A technology with a future or a niche application? N O D H I O E A S M I O U E N L O A N G A D F J G I O J E R U I N K O P J E W L S P N Z A D F T O I E O H O I O O A N G A D F J G I O J E R U I N K O P O A N G A D F J G I O J E R O I E U G I A F E D O N G I U A M U H I O G D N O I E R N G M D S A U K Z Q I N K J S L O G D W O I A D U I G I R Z H I O G D N O I E R N G M D S A U K N M H I O G D N O I E R N G E Q R I U Z T R E W Q L K J P B E Q R I U Z T R E W Q L K J K R E W S P L O C Y Q D M F E F B S A T B G P D R D D L R A E F B A F V N K F N K R E W S P D L R N E F B A F V N K F N T R E C L P Q A C E Z R W D E S T R E C L P Q A C E Z R W D K R E W S P L O C Y Q D M F E F B S A T B G P D B D D L R B E Z B A F V R K F N K R E W S P Z L R B E O B A F V N K F N J H L M O K N I J U H B Z G D P J H L M O K N I J U H B Z G B N D S A U K Z Q I N K J S L W O I E P ArndtN N BIhlemannA U A H I O G D N P I E R N G M D S A U K Z Q H I O G D N W I E R N G M D A M O E P B D B H M G R X B D V B D L D B E O I P R N G M D S A U K Z Q I N K J S L W O Q T V I E P NorbertN Z R NitzA U A H I R G D N O I Q R N G M D S A U K Z Q H I O G D N O I Y R N G M D E K J I R U A N D O C G I U A E M S Q F G D L N C A W Z Y K F E Q L O P N G S A Y B G D S W L Z U K O G I K C K P M N E S W L N C U W Z Y K F E Q L O P P M N E S W L N C T W Z Y K M O T M E U A N D U Y G E U V Z N H I O Z D R V L G R A K G E C L Z E M S A C I T P M O S G R U C Z G Z M O Q O D N V U S G R V L G R M K G E C L Z E M D N V U S G R V L G R X K G T N U G I C K O -
WW2-Spain-Tripbook.Pdf
SPAIN 1 Page Spanish Civil War (clockwise from top-left) • Members of the XI International Brigade at the Battle of Belchite • Bf 109 with Nationalist markings • Bombing of an airfield in Spanish West Africa • Republican soldiers at the Siege of the Alcázar • Nationalist soldiers operating an anti-aircraft gun • HMS Royal Oakin an incursion around Gibraltar Date 17 July 1936 – 1 April 1939 (2 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 1 day) Location Spain Result Nationalist victory • End of the Second Spanish Republic • Establishment of the Spanish State under the rule of Francisco Franco Belligerents 2 Page Republicans Nationalists • Ejército Popular • FET y de las JONS[b] • Popular Front • FE de las JONS[c] • CNT-FAI • Requetés[c] • UGT • CEDA[c] • Generalitat de Catalunya • Renovación Española[c] • Euzko Gudarostea[a] • Army of Africa • International Brigades • Italy • Supported by: • Germany • Soviet Union • Supported by: • Mexico • Portugal • France (1936) • Vatican City (Diplomatic) • Foreign volunteers • Foreign volunteers Commanders and leaders Republican leaders Nationalist leaders • Manuel Azaña • José Sanjurjo † • Julián Besteiro • Emilio Mola † • Francisco Largo Caballero • Francisco Franco • Juan Negrín • Gonzalo Queipo de Llano • Indalecio Prieto • Juan Yagüe • Vicente Rojo Lluch • Miguel Cabanellas † • José Miaja • Fidel Dávila Arrondo • Juan Modesto • Manuel Goded Llopis † • Juan Hernández Saravia • Manuel Hedilla • Carlos Romero Giménez • Manuel Fal Conde • Buenaventura Durruti † • Lluís Companys • José Antonio Aguirre Strength 1936 -
1 Active Stirling Engine a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of The
Active Stirling Engine A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering in the University of Canterbury by Vinod Kumar Gopal University of Canterbury 2012 1 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 12 ABSTRACT 14 GLOSSARY 16 1. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF STIRLING ENGINE DEVELOPMENT 22 1.1 Reverend Robert Stirling and his engine 23 1.2 Philips Stirling engine development 24 1.3 Other notable Stirling engine developments 28 1.4 Stirling engine development in Japan 29 1.5 Stirling engine development in US 29 1.6 Development in Stirling engine refrigeration and cryocooling 30 2. COMBINED HEAT AND POWER OR CHP SYSTEMS 34 2.1 Introduction to CHP systems 34 2.2 WhisperGen ® microCHP systems 38 2.3 Control of existing microCHP systems 40 3. FUNDAMENTALS OF STIRLING ENGINES 44 3.1 Introduction to Stirling engine technology 44 3.2 Thermodynamic cycles 45 3.3 The Stirling cycle 48 2 3.4 Ideal and conventional Stirling engines 51 3.5 Stirling engine control 55 3.6 Temperature control of Stirling engines 55 3.7 Pressure control of Stirling engines 55 3.8 Stroke control of Stirling engines 56 3.9 Phase control in Stirling engines 57 3.10 Dead volume control 58 3.11 Speed control 58 4. THE PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED 60 4.1 Effect of phase angle on Stirling engine performance 60 4.2 Controllability of current microCHP systems 61 4.3 Making use of phase control 64 4.4 Sinusoidal vs. non linear motion of reciprocating parts 64 4.5 Achieving phase control and non linear control 66 5. -
Elite Fighter Squadrons Axis
GLOBALCOMMAND SERIES ELITE FIGHTER SQUADRONS A GLOBAL WAR EXPANSION Overview HBG is proud to present Elite Fighter Squadrons (EFS), an examination of elite and specialized air units in World War II. In this set players take control of some of the best air units in the Second World War. Random drawing of units provides some variation in which air units will be show up from game to game. You’ll also be happy to see we’ve added a number of aircraft to this set. Some are specialized 3D printed units like the Italian SM-79 while others fill the role of regular fighters and bombers. From the Night Witches, to the Black Sheep, the units in this set promise an exciting range of possibilities for Global War! 2 Set Contents Elite Fighter Squadrons Axis Special Aerotorpedoes Unit Unit marker marker (Italy) (Italy) w/ w/ 3d 3dPrinted Printed SM.79 SM.79 x1 x1 Kamikaze SquadronSquadron marker marker (Japan) (Japan) w/ Kiw/- Ki43 -Oscar43 Oscar x1 x1 Jagd 5252 FighterFighter Wing Wing marker marker (Germany) (Germany) w/ w/Bf -Bf109-109 x1 x1 Zerstoregeschwader 26 26 marker marker (Germany) (Germany) w/ w/3d 3dPrinted Printed Me -Me410- 410x1 x1 Blue Squadron marker marker (Spain) (Spain) w/ w/ Fw Fw-190-190 x1 x1 Allies 4thth Fighter GroupGroup marker marker (U.S.) (U.S.) w/ w/ P- 51P-51 Mustang Mustang x1 x1 56thth Fighter Group Group marker marker (U.S.) (U.S.) w/ w/ P- 47P-47 Thunderbolt Thunderbolt x1 x1 VMF-214 marker (U.S.) (U.S.) w/ w/ F4U F4U Corsair Corsair x1 x1 No. -
How Many Valves Per Cylinder (Revised) – 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Or 8? with Illustrations and a P.S
DST 20 February 2015. P.1 of 13 How many valves per cylinder (revised) – 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 8? With illustrations and a P.S. on 6 Since 1993 all Formula 1 engine designers have chosen 4 poppet valves per cylinder (2 inlet, 2 exhaust). In 2006 this layout was actually specified in the FIA regulations and the new 2014 rules continue it. Keith Duckworth, who created in 1966 a cylinder head having 4 valves per cylinder (4 v/c) opposed at a relatively narrow angle and combined them with port geometry and increased valve Lift/Diameter ratio to create in-cylinder “Barrel Turbulence” (aka “Tumble Swirl”) to raise combustion efficiency, set a benchmark to which, in time, all competitors conformed and which spread far outside the racing arena. In most of the past century this unanimity on 4 v/c did not exist. Racing 4-stroke piston engines were built with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 poppet valves per cylinder. This article follows the title subject generally from the series of 85 “Grand Prix Cars-of-the-Year”, 1906 – 2000, listed in this web site . Specifically this admits only 2, 3, and 4 valves per cylinder so, for general interest, substantial diversions have been included to other racing engines with a wider variety of arrangements In future references to “valve gear” it is to be understood that it refers to poppet valves opened by cams, directly or indirectly, and closed by steel springs forcing them to ride on the cam, unless otherwise mentioned (Desmodromic gear in Mercedes 1954-1955 (DVRS) and Pneumatic Valve Return Systems (PVRS) post-1990). -
Xxxciclo Del Dottorato Di Ricerca in Ingegneria E Architettura
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE XXX CICLO DEL DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN INGEGNERIA E ARCHITETTURA CURRICULUM INGEGNERIA MECCANICA, NAVALE, DELL’ENERGIA E DELLA PRODUZIONE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY WITH ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE (ORC) IN MARINE AND COMMERCIAL VEHICLES DIESEL ENGINE APPLICATIONS Settore scientifico-disciplinare: ING-IND/09 DOTTORANDO SIMONE LION COORDINATORE PROF. DIEGO MICHELI SUPERVISORE DI TESI PROF. RODOLFO TACCANI CO-SUPERVISORE DI TESI DR. IOANNIS VLASKOS ANNO ACCADEMICO 2016/2017 Author’s Information Simone Lion Ph.D. Candidate at Università degli Studi di Trieste Development Engineer at Ricardo Deutschland GmbH Early Stage Researcher (ESR) in the Marie Curie FP7 ECCO-MATE Project Author’s e-mail: • Academic: [email protected] • Industrial: [email protected] • Personal: [email protected] Author’s address: • Academic: Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy • Industrial: Ricardo Deutschland GmbH, Güglingstraße, 66, 73525, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany Project website: • ECCO-MATE Project: www.ecco-mate.eu Official acknowledgments: The research leading to these results has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013/ under REA grant agreement n°607214. Abstract Heavy and medium duty Diesel engines, for marine and commercial vehicles applications, reject more than 50-60% of the fuel energy in the form of heat, which does not contribute in terms of useful propulsion effect. Moreover, the increased attention towards the reduction of polluting emissions and fuel consumption is pushing engine manufacturers and fleet owners in the direction of increasing the overall powertrain efficiency, still considering acceptable investment and operational costs. -
A Neutral Variation and Some Consequences 1
A European Anabasis: Chapter 3 11/18/03 2:36 PM 3. A Neutral Variation and Some Consequences 1 The Spanish Division The immediate origin of the Spanish "Blue Division" also dates from the opening of the German offensive against the USSR on 22 June 1941. On the previous day, Germany's Foreign Minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, had directed his ambassadors and emissaries in twelve friendly countries to read the German declaration of war against the Soviet Union to the respective foreign ministers and report the mood in which the declaration was received. From Madrid came a very positive response, with Ambassador Eberhard von Stohrer indicating that the Spanish Foreign Minister, Ramón Serrano Suñer, had voiced his appreciation for the notice. After consulting with Generalissimo Francisco Franco, he told the German ambassador that the Spanish Government welcomed the beginning of the fight against Communism and that Germany's action would prove popular throughout Spain. Stohrer mentioned that Serrano ... was asking the German Government to permit at once a few volunteer formations of the Falange to participate in the fight against the common foe, in memory of Germany's fraternal assistance during the Civil War. This gesture of solidarity was, of course, being made independently of the full and complete entry of Spain into the war beside the Axis, which would take place at the appropriate moment. 1 Two days later, von Ribbentrop wired Stohrer that the German government would gladly accept the offer of Falange volunteers. 2 Undoubtedly, the German Foreign Office was highly pleased with such a response to the beginning of the Russo-German War, for Franco's Spain had proved to be a difficult friend ever since the Anti-Comintern Pact, of which Spain was a member, had been distorted by the 1939 Russo-German Non-aggression Pact. -
Gordon Murray Automotive Reveals Details for Its New 'T.50'
5 June 2019 Gordon Murray Automotive reveals details for its new ‘T.50’: the purest, lightest, most driver-focused supercar ever Designed to the same exacting engineering standards as the driver-focused McLaren F1; improves upon its iconic predecessor in every way Mid-engine and rear-wheel-drive layout; famed central driving position and H-pattern gearbox all key to a matchless experience behind the wheel All-new V12 to be the highest-revving engine ever used in a production car; produces unrivalled power-to-weight ‘Fan car’ technology delivers the most advanced aerodynamics yet seen on a road car Unique carbon fibre tub and a focus on minimising the weight of every component underpin ‘lightweighting’ strategy – overall weight is just 980kg New model will set new standards for supercar packaging, providing driver and two passengers with exceptional comfort, safety, practicality and luggage space Only 100 exclusive models to be produced costing in excess of £2m (before taxes); deliveries from early 2022. Gordon Murray Automotive, sister-business of visionary vehicle design and engineering company Gordon Murray Design, has announced details of its first vehicle – the T.50 supercar. Conceived as the spiritual successor to the Murray-devised McLaren F1, the T.50 will be the purest, lightest, most driver-focused supercar ever built. The development of T.50 is at an advanced stage, with full production and customer deliveries set to commence in early 2022. Just 100 owners of the T.50 will experience Murray’s vision – a supercar inspired by his 50 years at the pinnacle of Formula One and automotive industry engineering and design. -
Service Training Course 703 Jaguar Climate Control Systems
JAGUARJAGUAR SERVICE TRAINING SERVICE TRAINING COURSE 703 JAGUAR CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEMS ISSUE ONE DATE OF ISSUE: 07/01/2002 This publication is intended for instructional purposes only. Always refer to the appropriate Jaguar Service publication for specific details and procedures. All rights reserved. All material contained herein is based on the latest information available at the time of publication. The right is reserved to make changes at any time without notice. Publication T703/02 DATE OF ISSUE: 07/01/2002 © 2002 Jaguar Cars PRINTED IN USA JAGUAR CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEMS Service Training INTRODUCTION Jaguar Climate Control Systems provide vehicle occupants with year-round automatic temperature and humidity control as selected on the control panel. The vehicle heating and air-conditioning systems are the foundation for providing the warm, cool or combined warm/cool air necessary to meet the desired conditions. Using advanced electronic components and a microprocessor-based control module, the Climate Control Systems produce a contin- uously comfortable environment over a wide range of ambient conditions. CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEMS INTEGRATION CLIMATE CONTROL ENGINE CONTROL HEATER WARM AIR COOLANT VALVE MATRIX AS REQUIRED: HEATING CLIMATE CONTROL COOLING WARM / COOL BLEND A/C A/C EVAPORATOR COOL / DRY AIR SYSTEM CONTROLS MATRIX CLIMATE CONTROL T703.01 NOTES Date of Issue: 07/01/2002 Student Guide i JAGUAR CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEMS Service Training ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS The following abbreviations and acronyms are used throughout the -
Jag Club Annual Holiday Party
april 2015 spring issue jag club annual holiday party R Dale and Barb Martin receive a Life Membership from President Dan Buchen jaguar club of minnesota newsletter PResidents’ Corner Spring has sprung. We are on the grid, ready to shift into driving season. We have had our time in the shop and pad- dock with tech sessions and social gatherings for food and drink. We are now ready for the checkered flag to signal the 1st driving events of the year. This year I have new ride. Cholmondeley (Chumley) just bought a Jaguar. After long car and soul searching, last week I acquired a 1995 XJ6. This is the last version of the inline 6 (AJ16) upgraded to 241 HP and the first version of the X300 body later used for the XJ8. I first saw her on Craig’s list: an online match-making site for guys and cars. It was love at first sight—the same red finish as my last XJ6, a youthful 85,000 miles, and a rust-free South Carolina chassis. After peeling away the onion-like layers of communication on Craig’s list: email, text, phone calls, we met. Our first date was a little rough. Her finish was not so perfect in person and she was slightly incontinent. I couldn’t seal the deal until I had a professional opinion. I made an appoint- ment with Jeff Flynn for a prenuptial inspection. The body was as sound and straight as advertised. The leaks proved to be superficial, fixable and not a sign of imminent catastro- phe. -
Elite Fighter Squadrons Axis
GLOBALCOMMAND SERIES ELITE FIGHTER SQUADRONS A GLOBAL WAR EXPANSION Overview (v3.0) HBG is proud to present Elite Fighter Squadrons (EFS), an examination of elite and specialized air units in World War II. In this set players take control of some of the best air units in the Second World War. Random drawing of units provides some variation in which air units will be show up from game to game. You’ll also be happy to see we’ve added a number of aircraft to this set. Some are specialized 3D printed units like the Italian SM-79 while others fill the role of regular fighters and bombers. From the Night Witches, to the Black Sheep, the units in this set promise an exciting range of possibilities for Global War! 2 Set Contents Elite Fighter Squadrons Axis26 marker (Germany) w/ 3d Printed Me-410 x1 · SpecialBlueAxis Aerotorpedoes Unit marker (Italy) w/ 3d Printed SM.79 x1 · KamikazeSpecial Aerotorpedoes Squadron marker Unit (Japan) marker w/ (Italy) Ki-43 w/Oscar 3d x1Printed SM.79 x1 · JagdKamikaze 52 Fighter Squadron Wing markermarker (Germany) (Japan) w/ w/ Ki Bf-43-109 Oscar x1 x1 · ZerstoregeschwaderJagd 52 Fighter Wing 26 marker (Germany) (Germany) w/ w/ 3d Bf Printed-109 x1 Me -410 x1 · BlueZerstoregeschwader Squadron marker Squadron(Spain) w/ markerFw-190 (Spain)x1 w/ Fw-190 x1 Allies thth · 4 FighterFighter Group Group marker marker (U.S.) (U.S.) w/ w/P- 51P- 51Mustang Mustang x1 x1 th · 56th FighterFighter Group Group marker marker (U.S.) (U.S.) w/ w/P- 47P- 47Thunderbolt Thunderbolt x1 x1 VMF-214 marker (U.S.) w/ F4U Corsair x1 · VMF-214 marker (U.S.) w/ F4U Corsair x1 No. -
Initial Tech. Training (CE-28)
Click Here & Upgrade Expanded Features PDF Unlimited Pages CompleteDocuments COURSE MODULE Course No. CE 28: Initial Technician-III Duration: 13 Weeks Effective Days: 75 S. CM Sessions Periods N. No. Subjects 1 28.1 36 1-106 Electrical & Electronics 2 28.2 Hydraulics, Pneumatics & Mechanical 36 107-189 3 28.3 I.C. Engine & Workshop Technology 36 190-250 4 28.4 Track Machines & Working Principles 36 251-362 5 28.5 P.Way, Establishment, Stores & Rajbhasha 36 363-417 6 28.6 Group Inter Personal Skill Development (GIPSD) 7 418-423 7 28.7 Computer 10 424-443 8 5 Technical Film Show 9 Library 5 10 Visit to CPOH & Track Machines Working Sites 20 11 Examination (Theory/Practical/Viva-voce) & Valediction 17 244 443 T Note: 1. Eligibility: Directly Recruited Technician-III and such Promoted Technician-III, who has no exposure of track machines working. 2. Medical Awareness Programme shall be covered under Module No. 28.5. Faculty for this programme may be drawn from Medical Department. 3. Faculty for GIPSD may be drawn from CBWE, Min. of Labour & Employment or from Management Institutes. 4. Computer, Technical Film Show and Library periods shall be scheduled during the afternoon session. 5. To bridge the gap between theory and practical, fortnightly visit to CPOH for demonstration and giving hands-on training and monthly visit Track Machines Working Sites for proper understanding of machine working shall be arranged. 6. Practical demonstration in Model rooms shall be given along with theoretical sessions as and when required besides Practical sessions specifically earmarked for Model Rooms.