1 Forgetting Mister Marshall
1 Forgetting Mister Marshall: The Re-Emergence of Spanish-American Relations in the Post-War Era In partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Arts Degree in the Department of History The Department of History Honors Program Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey The School of Arts & Sciences Written under the Direction of: Temma Kaplan History By: Joshua Patrick Whelan ___________________________________ 2 CONTENTS Chapter 1. On the Eve of the Pact: The Situation in 1953 3 Chapter 2. The Making of a Pariah 15 Chapter 3. The Spanish Question, the Marshall Plan, and the Road to National Autarchy 26 Chapter 4. Tourism and the Spanish Lobby 35 CONCLUSION 42 WORKS CITED 44 3 Chapter 1 On the Eve of the Pact: The Situation in 1953 On June 5th, 1947, speaking at Harvard University’s Commencement, Secretary of State George C. Marshall announced a European Recovery Program that became known as the Marshall Plan. Although the countries of Central Europe and the Soviet Union were originally invited to participate, Spain, the last remaining country whose government had supported the fascists, was excluded. The ERP or Marshall Plan seemed to offer a new beginning to European countries devastated by the Second World War, but not those, like Spain, devastated by civil war and complicity with Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. While rumors about who would participate widely circulated in Spain, the 1953 film, “¡Bienvenido, Mister Marshall!,” [“Welcome, Mr. Marshall!”] theaters, attempting to reveal the nature of the confusion. The film opens in Villar del Río, a small village in Castile, which exudes the qualities of a typical rural pueblo.
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