Cartography. a Compendium of Design Thinking for Mapmakers
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Cartographic Visualisation and Landscape Modeling
CARTOGRAPHIC VISUALISATION AND LANDSCAPE MODELING Milap Punia Associate Professor, Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067 - [email protected] KEY WORDS: Preception, Aesthetics, Cartographic Design,Visualisation, Landscape ABSTRACT: Perception plays a major role for interpretation or extracting information from remote sensing data and from thematic maps. With advances in information technology, there remains a necessary and critical role for the “human in the loop” in the interpretation of remotely sensed imagery, in earth sciences and cartography. On the side of information technology display systems play a critical role in supporting visualization, and in recent years it has become widely recognized that the visualization of data is critical in science, including the domain of cartography, a field with a long-standing interest in issues of communication effectiveness. These cartographic concerns pertaining to the features of display symbols, elements, and patterns have clear effects on process of perception and visual search. In this study an attempt has been made to harness, interpret, compare and evaluate landscape aesthetics with cartographic aesthetics. By understanding and incorporating cartographic aesthetics with landscape aesthetics, the cartographic design process can be strengthened and effective maps can be generated. Here both landscape and cartography are considered as objects of aesthetics and an attempt has been made to evaluate their aesthetic experience and to analyze their various patterns of similarity and exceptions. By doing this it formulates and facilitates conception of feeling, expression and visual reality all together in the cartographic design process. 1. INTRODUCTION Aesthetics has been a subject of philosophy since long period. -
MAP DESIGN a Development of Background Map Visualisation in Digpro Dppower Application
EXAMENSARBETE INOM TEKNIK, GRUNDNIVÅ, 15 HP STOCKHOLM, SVERIGE 2017 MAP DESIGN A development of background map visualisation in Digpro dpPower application FREDRIK AHNLÉN KTH SKOLAN FÖR ARKITEKTUR OCH SAMHÄLLSBYGGNAD Acknowledgments Annmari Skrifvare, Digpro AB, co-supervisor. For setting up test environment, providing feed- back and support throughout the thesis work. Jesper Svedberg, Digpro AB, senior-supervisor. For providing feedback both in the start up process of the thesis work as well as the evaluation part. Milan Horemuz, KTH Geodesy and Geoinformatics, co-supervisor. For assisting in the structur- ing of the thesis work as well as providing feedback and support. Anna Jenssen, KTH Geodesy and Geoinformatics, examiner. Finally big thanks to Anders Nerman, Digpro AB, for explaining the fundamentals of cus- tomer usage of dpPower and Jeanette Stenberg, Kraftringen, Gunilla Pettersson, Eon Energi, Karin Backström, Borlänge Energi, Lars Boström, Torbjörn Persson and Thomas Björn- hager, Smedjebacken Energi Nät AB, for providing user feedback via interviews and survey evaluation. i Abstract What is good map design and how should information best be visualised for a human reader? This is a general question relevant for all types of design and especially for digital maps and various Geographic Information Systems (GIS), due to the rapid development of our digital world. This general question is answered in this thesis by presenting a number of principles and tips for design of maps and specifically interactive digital visualisation systems, such as a GIS. Furthermore, this knowledge is applied to the application dpPower, by Digpro, which present the tools to help customers manage, visualise, design and perform calculations on their electrical networks. -
Map Layout and Cartographic Design with Arcgis Desktop
Map Layout and Cartographic Design with ArcGIS Desktop Matthew Baker ESRI Educational Services Redlands, CA Education UC 2008 1 Seminar overview • General map design principles • Working with map elements • UiUsing Arc Map temp ltlates • Tips and tricks for improving maps Education UC 2008 2 Affective and substantive design • ‘Thin k be fore you draw ’ – Map design is a timetime--consumingconsuming process • Affec tive – What is the ‘look’ or ‘feel’ of the map? • Historical, modern, technical • Substantive – What is shown on the map and for what purpose? • Text blocks, charts, tables, images Map image from the Atlas of Oregon (2nd. Ed.), Copyright 2001 University of Oregon Press Education UC 2008 3 Layout design • Balance – Margins – White space – Bounding boxes – Alignment Unbalanced layout Education UC 2008 4 Layout design • Balance – Margins – White space – Bounding boxes – Alignment Balanced layout Education UC 2008 5 Layout design: Figure Ground Relationship • Figure: – object in front of the background • Ground: – Underlying plane behind elements • Figure-Ground Relationship – Separating figure from ground – Enhanced using • Drop shadow • Draw order • Contrast Map image from the Atlas of Oregon (2nd. Ed.) Copyright 2001 University of Oregon Press Education UC 2008 6 Layout design • Visua l contrast – Separates figure from ground Education UC 2008 7 Layout design • Visual contrast Education UC 2008 8 Layout design • Visual hierarchy • More attention paid from top down • Top: – Important items – Larger items • Bottom – Less important -
Cartographic Perspectives Perspectives 1 Journal of the North American Cartographic Information Society Number 65, Winter 2010
Number 65, Winter 2010 cartographicCartographic perspectives Perspectives 1 Journal of the North American Cartographic Information Society Number 65, Winter 2010 From the Editor In this Issue Dear NACIS Members: OPINION PIECE Outside the Bubble: Real-world Mapmaking Advice for Students 7 The winter of 2010 was quite an ordeal to get through here on the FEATURED ARTICLES eastern side of Big Savage Moun- Considerations in Design of Transition Behaviors for Dynamic 16 tain. A nearby weather recording Thematic Maps station located on Keysers Ridge Sarah E. Battersby and Kirk P. Goldsberry (about 10 miles to the west of Frostburg) recorded 262.5 inches Non-Connective Linear Cartograms for Mapping Traffic Conditions 33 of snow for the winter of 2010. Yi-Hwa Wu and Ming-Chih Hung For the first time in my eleven- year tenure at Frostburg State REVIEWS University, the university was Cartography Design Annual # 1 51 shut down for an entire week. Reviewed by Mary L. Johnson The crews that normally plow the sidewalks and parking lots were Cartographic Relief Presentation 53 snowed in and could not get out of Reviewed by Dawn Youngblood their homes. As storm after storm swept through the area, plow- GIS Tutorial for Marketing 54 ing became more difficult. There Reviewed by Eva Dodsworth wasn’t enough room to pile up the snow. Even today, snow drifts The State of the Middle East: An Atlas of Conflict and Resolution 56 remain dotted amidst the green- Reviewed by Daniel G. Cole ing fields. However, it appears as though spring will pass us by as CARTOGRAPHIC COLLECTIONS summer apparently is already here More than Just a Pretty Picture: The Map Collection at the Library 59 with several days that have broken of Virginia existing record high temperatures. -
Design Issues with 3D Maps and the Need for 3D Cartographic Design
Design Issues with 3D Maps and the Need for 3D Cartographic Design Principles Dave Pegg Abstract Design issues regarding the presentation of geographical information in a th ree- dimensional perspective are varied and complex. This paper looks at some of issues of 3D mapping stemming from its rapid development as a cartographic tool, its growing popularity and accessibility amongst users, and the 3D cartographic principles proposed to manage the design and presentation that are not covered by traditional cartographic principles. Introduction Multimedia cartography has been propelled forward by the rapid technological advances for the capture, manipulation and presentation of geographical data, with most map products now being developed digitally. The quality and accuracy of data capture, data storage & manipulation capabilities, as well as the advancements in software, mean that a cartographer now has the ability to digitally create spatially accurate, detailed and high resolution three-dimensional maps and visualizations. The advent of Digital terrain or elevation models make available the presentation of geographical data in three dimensional space, and allowing precise modelling of not only x and y locations, but the z height creating a three-dimensional landscape. In the case of three-dimensional cartographic mapping, there are many different applications that have been designed for the creation of 3D maps and visualizations, and the development of standards and guidelines in regards to the technical aspects of such models. 3D maps can be done in several different ways, each way creating a different representation of the landscape. 3D maps can be photorealistic, where the landscape is created to match the exact landscape, using techniques of overlaying ortho-photography over a 3D model, or can be “symbolistic”, where the maps are generalized and symbols designed to show object locations and information. -
CARTOGRAPHIC DESIGN: Cartographic Design Principles Symbology Type Map Compilation Cartographic Design Principles from the Outset…
DAY 2 CARTOGRAPHIC DESIGN: Cartographic Design Principles Symbology Type Map Compilation Cartographic Design Principles From the outset… • …know your message • These will guide your decisions about • …know your audience – map projections • …design for the medium – generalization – symbology – labeling – map elements (scale bars, legends, north arrows, etc.) – page layout – everything! A couple of cartographic terms… • Substantive objective • Affective objective – What you are showing – the – How you are showing it – the “substance” of the map’ “affect” of the map – The map is the MAIN thing!!!! – Sets the mood – Map elements support the map – Use map to promote it • these should be informative , • content not just take up space • colors, text, symbols • legend, title, inset maps, text – Use map elements to promote blocks, logos, north arrow, scale this • bounding box, north arrow, scale • text, color • images, graphs, other graphics • others Examples courtesy of the University of Oregon InfoGraphics Lab Design Planning • Visual balance – all elements balanced, aligned, thoughtful use of white space • Visual flow – movement of the eye across the page • Relative importance of map elements • Sketch map – starts you thinking, not the end Sketch Map • The place of interest • The distribution being mapped • The relative position of the data in the distribution being mapped • The map elements • The relative position of the map elements Cartographic Design Principles – review! • Generalization - Coastline • Figure-ground - Whitewash • Visual hierarchy – Administrative boundaries, rivers, labels • Legibility - labels • Visual balance – let’s take a look! • Visual flow • Symbolization • Typography Controls on Map Design and Compilation • Purpose – substantive / affective • Reality – shape, complexity, color • Available data – data quality / symbolization • Map scale – smaller scale - less feature detail • Audience – old / young, experienced / not • Conditions of use – light, distance, time to read map, medium, etc. -
Standards of Competence for Category "A" Nautical Cartographers
INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF HYDROGRAPHIC CARTOGRAPHIC SURVEYORS ORGANIZATION ASSOCIATION STANDARDS OF COMPETENCE FOR CATEGORY "A" NAUTICAL CARTOGRAPHERS Publication S-8A First Edition Version 1.0.1 - June 2018 Published by: The International Hydrographic Organization © 4b, quai Antoine 1er B.P. 445 Monaco, MC 98011 Cedex MONACO [email protected] www.iho.int Comments arising from the experience gained in the application of the guidance are welcome. They should be addressed to the Chair of the International Board for Standards of Competence of Hydrographic Surveyors and Nautical Cartographers at the above address. This document is published periodically. Please check with IHO for the latest edition, including current amendments. © Copyright International Hydrographic Organization 2018 This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted in accordance with the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886), and except in the circumstances described below, no part may be translated, reproduced by any process, adapted, communicated or commercially exploited without prior written permission from the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Copyright in some of the material in this publication may be owned by another party and permission for the translation and/or reproduction of that material must be obtained from the owner. This document or partial material from this document may be translated, reproduced or distributed for general information, on no more than a cost recovery basis. Copies -
An Assessment of Visual Variables for the Cartographic Design of 3D Informal Settlement Models
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2015 An assessment of visual variables for the cartographic design of 3D informal settlement models Rautenbach, Victoria ; Coetzee, Serena ; Schiewe, Jochen ; Cöltekin, Arzu Abstract: Visual variables were originally proposed for hard copy maps printed in black and white by Bertin in 1980s. However, we can now generate various digital geovisualization products that are inherently different from printed maps, such as interactive 3D city models. Additional visual variables have been proposed for some of these new geovisualizations, however the discussion is still on-going. In this paper, we contribute to this discussion by investigating the relevance of a subset of visual variables for planning informal settlement upgrades in 3D geovisualizations, and specifically how these variables contribute to the selectiveness of objects. The variables were systematically evaluated against specific requirements for planning upgrades which were compiled using expert knowledge. We observe that evaluated visual variables, except colour and texture, are not directly transferrable. Furthermore, we propose that; in an interactive 3D setting, visual variables position, orientation and motion should not be only considered in relation to the objects in a 3D environment, but also in relation to the camera, and the concept of Level of Detail (LoD) should replace shape. The results contribute towards building design principles of 3D informal settlement models for planning upgrades. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-117989 Conference or Workshop Item Published Version Originally published at: Rautenbach, Victoria; Coetzee, Serena; Schiewe, Jochen; Cöltekin, Arzu (2015). -
Compelling Thematic Cartography by Kenneth Field, Esri Senior Research Cartographer
Compelling Thematic Cartography By Kenneth Field, Esri Senior Research Cartographer Clarity of Purpose ArcGIS Online has opened up the world of mapmaking, supporting You have some great thematic data and you want to share it. Establishing anyone to author and publish thematic web maps in interesting your goal is the first consideration. Without a goal, you won’t have a ways on an unlimited array of topics. This article explores why it is plan to follow. Are you making a map that allows people to interrogate important to think about design when creating thematic maps. data? Do you want to convey a story or a particular message? A recent survey by the author and Damien Demaj identified ex- A goal is more than just mapping an interesting dataset. You have amples of maps that exemplify great design. This survey found that to define what the hook is for your map. Start by asking strong ques- only 23 percent of these maps were made by people with a back- tions of the data. What will readers want to understand about the ground in cartography. Great thematic maps like Charles Minard’s map’s theme? The map is really just a graphic portrayal of the answer map of Napolean’s retreat from Moscow or Harry Beck’s London to a question. It helps establish how you are going to go about de- Underground map were created by an engineer and electrical drafts- signing the visuals to support that goal. A great map should tell an man, respectively. honest story, so don’t employ mapping techniques that distort. -
Cartograms for Use in Forecasting Weather-Driven Natural Hazards
Cartograms for use in forecasting weather driven natural hazards Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) Open Access Pappenberger, F., Cloke, H. L. and Baugh, C. A. (2019) Cartograms for use in forecasting weather driven natural hazards. The Cartographic Journal, 56 (2). pp. 134-145. ISSN 0008-7041 doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2018.1534358 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/79521/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2018.1534358 Publisher: Taylor & Francis All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online The Cartographic Journal The World of Mapping ISSN: 0008-7041 (Print) 1743-2774 (Online) Journal homepage: https://tandfonline.com/loi/ycaj20 Cartograms for Use in Forecasting Weather-Driven Natural Hazards Florian Pappenberger, Hannah L. Cloke & Calum A. Baugh To cite this article: Florian Pappenberger, Hannah L. Cloke & Calum A. Baugh (2019): Cartograms for Use in Forecasting Weather-Driven Natural Hazards, The Cartographic Journal To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2018.1534358 © 2018 ECMWF Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 20 Feb 2019. -
Digital Terrain Model (Dtm) As a Tool for Landslide Investigation in the Polish Carpathians
5 STUDIA GEOMORPHOLOGICA CARPATHO-BALCANICA VOL. XLVI, 2012: 5–23 PL ISSN 0081-6434 DOI 10.2478/v10302-012-0001-3 MICHA£ D£UGOSZ (KRAKÓW) DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL (DTM) AS A TOOL FOR LANDSLIDE INVESTIGATION IN THE POLISH CARPATHIANS Abstract. This paper present the possibilities of using digital terrain model in landslide investiga- tions in the Polish Flysch Carpathians. The analysis was based on results of SOPO project which was made in the £u¿na commune and on GIS interpretation of DTM model with topographical map. On the basis of the interpretation of a properly prepared DTM elevation model, 76 areas of potential occurrence of landslides in the £u¿na commune were defined. In 51 cases from among the 76 defined areas, the presence of landslides, within the selected unit, was confirmed during the field study. The interpretation of the digital terrain model in conjunction with a topographic map gave similar results. Areas of potential occurrence of landslides in both methods were practically identical (area of 600 ha). Despite the landslide area designated more accurately by the DTM, the analysis of topographic maps in conjunction with the DTM gave slightly better results, designating 11 more areas as places of land- slide occurrence. The digital terrain model (DTM), available for the area of the Polish Carpathians, can be useful in the study of landslides. It depends on the type of landslides, type of relief and the degree of forest landcover. Key words: landslide, digital terrain model, GIS, the flysch Carpathians INTRODUCTION The high amount of precipitation, floods, and accompanying landslides that oc- curred in the basins of the Upper Vistula and the Oder in 1997, 2000, and 2001 aroused the interest of the state administration and local authorities on the problem of landslides in the Polish Carpathians. -
1 Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Introduction Geographical Information System (GIS) is a technology that provides the means to collect and use geographic data to assist in the development of Agriculture. A digital map is generally of much greater value than the same map printed on a paper as the digital version can be combined with other sources of data for analyzing information with a graphical presentation. The GIS software makes it possible to synthesize large amounts of different data, combining different layers of information to manage and retrieve the data in a more useful manner. GIS provides a powerful means for agricultural scientists to better service to the farmers and farming community in answering their query and helping in a better decision making to implement planning activities for the development of agriculture. Overview of GIS A Geographical Information System (GIS) is a system for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing data and associated attributes, which are spatially referenced to the Earth. The geographical information system is also called as a geographic information system or geospatial information system. It is an information system capable of integrating, storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and displaying geographically referenced information. In a more generic sense, GIS is a software tool that allows users to create interactive queries, analyze the spatial information, edit data, maps, and present the results of all these operations. GIS technology is becoming essential tool to combine various maps and remote sensing information to generate various models, which are used in real time environment. Geographical information system is the science utilizing the geographic concepts, applications and systems.