Was a Treaty Signed at Wounded Knee
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The American Indian Movement, the Trail of Broken Treaties, and the Politics of Media
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History History, Department of 7-2009 Framing Red Power: The American Indian Movement, the Trail of Broken Treaties, and the Politics of Media Jason A. Heppler Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss Part of the History Commons Heppler, Jason A., "Framing Red Power: The American Indian Movement, the Trail of Broken Treaties, and the Politics of Media" (2009). Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History. 21. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss/21 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. FRAMING RED POWER: THE AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT, THE TRAIL OF BROKEN TREATIES, AND THE POLITICS OF MEDIA By Jason A. Heppler A Thesis Presented to the Faculty The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Major: History Under the Supervision of Professor John R. Wunder Lincoln, Nebraska July 2009 2 FRAMING RED POWER: THE AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT, THE TRAIL OF BROKEN TREATIES, AND THE POLITICS OF MEDIA Jason A. Heppler, M.A. University of Nebraska, 2009 Adviser: John R. Wunder This study explores the relationship between the American Indian Movement (AIM), national newspaper and television media, and the Trail of Broken Treaties caravan in November 1972 and the way media framed, or interpreted, AIM's motivations and objectives. -
Remapping the World: Vine Deloria, Jr. and the Ends of Settler Sovereignty
Remapping the World: Vine Deloria, Jr. and the Ends of Settler Sovereignty A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY David Myer Temin IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Joan Tronto October 2016 © David Temin 2016 i Acknowledgements Perhaps the strangest part of acknowledging others for their part in your dissertation is the knowledge that no thanks could possibly be enough. At Minnesota, I count myself lucky to have worked with professors and fellow graduate students alike who encouraged me to explore ideas, take intellectual risks, and keep an eye on the political stakes of any project I might pursue. That is why I could do a project like this one and still feel emboldened that I had something important and worthwhile to say. To begin, my advisor, Joan Tronto, deserves special thanks. Joan was supportive and generous at every turn, always assuring me that the project was coming together even when I barely could see ahead through the thicket to a clearing. Joan went above and beyond in reading countless drafts, always cheerfully commenting or commiserating and getting me to focus on power and responsibility in whatever debate I had found myself wading into. Joan is a model of intellectual charity and rigor, and I will be attempting to emulate her uncanny ability to cut through the morass of complicated debates for the rest of my academic life. Other committee members also provided crucial support: Nancy Luxon, too, read an endless supply of drafts and memos. She has taught me more about writing and crafting arguments than anyone in my academic career, which has benefited the shape of the dissertation in so many ways. -
Searching for Indigenous Alliances: International Ngos of the United States and Canada in the 1970S
The Japanese Journal of American Studies, No. 23 (2012) Searching for Indigenous Alliances: International NGOs of the United States and Canada in the 1970s Ayako UCHIDA* INTRODUCTION On September 13, 2007, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. This declaration specifies that indigenous peoples have rights to self-determination, tra- ditional lands and territories, natural resources and sacred sites, and tra- ditional languages and customs. While it is a nonbinding human rights instrument, countries are expected to follow these rules in their relations with indigenous individuals and peoples. Although the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand voted against the passage of this declaration, they changed from opposition to support within a few years. President Barack Obama announced U.S. support for the declaration on December 16, 2010.1 The UN declaration marks the culmination of efforts by indigenous peoples and their supporters during the three decades previous to pas- sage. In the 1960s and 1970s Native Americans and Native Canadians sought recognition of self-determination and cultural identity from mainstream society and their governments. The resurgence of their activism was related to the development of the human rights regime and *Associate Professor, Nagoya University 209 210 AYAKO UCHIDA postcolonial movements in the Third World after World War II. During the 1970s these movements were internationalized, and consequently in 1982 the Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP) was estab- lished within the UN Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimi- nation and Protection of Minorities. Since then indigenous peoples in the world have participated in an extensive discussion of their rights to im- prove how they are treated under international law. -
Native American Women and Coerced Sterilization: on the Trail of Tears in the 1970S
AMERICAN IMIAN CULTURE AND RESEARCHJOURNAL24:2 (2000) 1-22 Native American Women and Coerced Sterilization: On the Trail of Tears in the 1970s SALLY J. TORPY During the 1970s, the majority of American protest efforts focused on the feminist, civil rights, and anti-government movements. On a smaller scale, Native Americans initiated their own campaign. Network television periodi- cally broadcast scenes of confrontation ranging from the Alcatraz Occupation in 1969 through the Wounded Knee Occupation of 1973. The consistent objective was to regain treaty rights that had been violated by the United States government and private corporations. Little publicity was given to another form of Native American civil rights vio- lations-the abuse of women’s reproductive freedom. Thousands of poor women and women of color, including Puerto Ricans, Blacks, and Chicanos, were sterilized in the 1970s, often without full knowledge of the surgical proce- dure performed on them or its physical and psychological ramifications. Native American women represented a unique class of victims among the larger popu- lation that faced sterilization and abuses of reproductive rights. These women were especially accessible victims due to several unique cultural and societal real- ities setting them apart from other minorities. Tribal dependence on the federal government through the Indian Health Service (IHS), the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) robbed them of their children andjeopardized their future as sovereign nations. Native women’s struggle to obtain control over reproductive rights has provided them with a sense of empowerment consistent with larger Native American efforts to be free of institutional control. -
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Disclaimer: This is a machine generated PDF of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace original scanned PDF. Neither Cengage Learning nor its licensors make any representations or warranties with respect to the machine generated PDF. The PDF is automatically generated "AS IS" and "AS AVAILABLE" and are not retained in our systems. CENGAGE LEARNING AND ITS LICENSORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES FOR AVAILABILITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, COMPLETENESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Your use of the machine generated PDF is subject to all use restrictions contained in The Cengage Learning Subscription and License Agreement and/or the Gale General OneFile Terms and Conditions and by using the machine generated PDF functionality you agree to forgo any and all claims against Cengage Learning or its licensors for your use of the machine generated PDF functionality and any output derived therefrom. Red power: why did America's natives go back on the warpath in the 1960s? Author: Tony McCulloch Date: Jan. 2009 From: 20th Century History Review(Vol. 4, Issue 2) Publisher: Philip Allan Updates Document Type: Report Length: 3,419 words Full Text: America in the 1960s and 1970s witnessed several ethnic protest movements linked to the demand for civil rights. Martin Luther King and the black Civil Rights movement arc the best-known examples of this ethnic activism. Another example is the Chicano Civil Rights movement associated with Cesar Chavez and Mexican American activism (see 20TH CENTURY HISTORY REVIEW, Vol. -
The American Indian Movement's Strategic Choices
The American Indian Movement’s Strategic Choices: Environmental Limitations and Organizational Outcomes Timothy Baylor Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania The roots of modern Indian protest reach backward in history and forward into the future. Modern protest developed out of specific historical contingencies. For many protesters, the immediate concerns of housing shortages, police brutality, poverty, unemployment, and similar issues existed along side other issues such as identity and status within the American mosaic. Did Indians represent just another ethnic group bound to be assimilated by American society, or did Indians embody something different and far more significant – nations? As modern Indian protest escalated, the question increased in salience. Nancy Lurie explained that “Indian distinctiveness ... stressed culturally and historically” included an “emphasis on treaties rather than judicial recourse in obtaining perceived rights of Indians,” “an attitude that all other Americans are ‘immigrants,’” and that Indians as the “‘First Americans’ deserve special consideration (1972:308). In this sense, Native Americans were different than Blacks and other ethnic minority groups; they were the only ethnic group the U.S. Supreme Court had defined as “domestic dependent nations” in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831). Just what this meant and the degree of tribal sovereignty this status conveys has continued to be a matter of political and judicial wrangling. Regardless of the Indians’ status as “domestic dependent nations,” the overall American policy was one of assimilation in which reservations were seen as a temporary necessity until Indians had gained the necessary cultural, educational, and technical levels of competence necessary to participate in American life. Central to accomplishing this end was the boarding school system. -
Identity Enactment and the Occupation of Wounded Knee
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UNL | Libraries University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Great Plains Quarterly Great Plains Studies, Center for 5-1-2002 MENDING THE SACRED HOOP: IDENTITY ENACTMENT AND THE OCCUPATION OF WOUNDED KNEE Sheryl L. Lindsley California State University, Stanislaus Charles Braithwaite California State University, Stanislaus, [email protected] Kristin L. Ahlberg University of Nebraska - Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly Part of the Other International and Area Studies Commons Lindsley, Sheryl L.; Braithwaite, Charles; and Ahlberg, Kristin L., "MENDING THE SACRED HOOP: IDENTITY ENACTMENT AND THE OCCUPATION OF WOUNDED KNEE" (2002). Great Plains Quarterly. 39. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly/39 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Great Plains Studies, Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Plains Quarterly by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Great Plains Quarterly, vol. 22, no. 2 (Spring 2002). Published by the Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Copyright © 2000 Center for Great Plains Studies. Used by permission. MENDING THE SACRED HOOP IDENTITY ENACTMENT AND THE OCCUPATION OF WOUNDED KNEE SHERYL L. LINDSLEY, CHARLES A. BRAITHWAITE, and KRISTIN L. AHLBERG I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch as plain as when I saw them with eyes still young. And I can see something else died there in the bloody mud, and was buried in the blizzard. -
The Trial of Leonard Peltier the Trial of Leonard Peltier
THE TRIAL OF LEONARD PELTIER THE TRIAL OF LEONARD PELTIER by Jim Messerschmidr Foreword by William Kunstler sourh end press TO HELP LEONARD PELTIER FIGHT FOR JUSTICE Send inquiries about how you can help and donations to: Leonard Peltier Defense Committee P.O. Box 583 Lawrence, KS 66044 Send letters of support directly to Leonard: Leonard Peltier#89637-132 United States Penitentiary P.O. Box 1000 Leavenworth. KS 66048-3333 Copyright© 1983 by Jim Messerschmidt Any properly footnoted quotation of up to 500 sequential words may be used without permission, as long as the total number of words quoted does not exceed 2,000. For longer quotations or for a greater number of total words, please write for permission to South End Press. Cover design by Todd Jailer Cover graphic by Robert Warrior Typeset by Trade Composition and South End Press Produced by the South End Press collective Printed in the U.S.A. on acid-free, recycled paper. Library of Congress Number: 82-061152 ISBN: 0-89608-163-x (paper) ISBN: 0-89608-164-8 (cloth) www.southendpress.org South End Press, 7 Brookline Street, #1, Cambridge, MA02139-4146 06 05 04 03 02 7 8 9 10 11 THIS BOOK IS WRITTEN FOR LEONARD WHO REMAINS A POLITICAL PRISONER ON HIS OWN LAND. I DEDICATE THE BOOK TO ERIK AND THE FUTURE OF HIS GENERATION. Leonard Peltier Courtesy of the Leonard Peltier Defense Committee FOREWORD William Kunstler* Having tried the case of one of Leonard Peltier's co-defendants, twice arguedMr. Peltier'sappealsfrom his convictionsof the murders of two FBI agents on the Pine Ridge (SD) Indian Reservation, and presently handling hismotion for anewtrial, Ican hardly beranked as adisinterested witness. -
Teaching the Rhetorical Sovereignty of Gerald Vizenor Through Bearheart Lydia R
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research: English, Department of Department of English 4-2016 Dreaming Free From the Chains: Teaching the Rhetorical Sovereignty of Gerald Vizenor Through Bearheart Lydia R. Presley University of Nebraska - Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/englishdiss Part of the Ethnic Studies Commons, and the Literature in English, North America, Ethnic and Cultural Minority Commons Presley, Lydia R., "Dreaming Free From the Chains: Teaching the Rhetorical Sovereignty of Gerald Vizenor Through Bearheart " (2016). Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research: Department of English. 113. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/englishdiss/113 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the English, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research: Department of English by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. DREAMING FREE FROM THE CHAINS: TEACHING THE RHETORICAL SOVEREIGNTY OF GERALD VIZENOR THROUGH BEARHEART by Lydia R. Presley A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Major: English Under the Supervision of Professor Thomas Gannon Lincoln, Nebraska April, 2016 DREAMING FREE FROM THE CHAINS: TEACHING THE RHETORICAL SOVEREIGNTY OF GERALD VIZENOR THROUGH BEARHEART Lydia R. Presley, M.A. University of Nebraska, 2016 Advisor: Thomas Gannon The purpose of this thesis is to examine Gerald Vizenor’s novel Bearheart, through the lens of rhetorical sovereignty. What this means is that the crux of my understanding of Bearheart begins with the knowledge that the language, terminology, and style used by Vizenor are not only his choices, but also his inherent Native right to use. -
A Brief Histry Of
A Brief History of the American Indian Movement by Laura Waterman Wittstock and Elaine J. Salinas In the 30 years of its formal history, the American Indian Movement (AIM) has given witness to a great many changes. We say formal history, because the movement existed for 500 years without a name. The leaders and members of today's AIM never fail to remember all of those who have traveled on before, having given their talent and their lives for the survival of the people. At the core of the movement is Indian leadership under the direction of NeeGawNwayWeeDun, Clyde H. Bellecourt, and others. Making steady progress, the movement has transformed policy making into programs and organizations that have served Indian people in many communities. These policies have consistently been made in consultation with spiritual leaders and elders.The success of these efforts is indisputable, but perhaps even greater than the accomplishments is the vision defining what AIM stands for. Indian people were never intended to survive the settlement of Europeans in the Western Hemisphere, our Turtle Island. With the strength of a spiritual base, AIM has been able to clearly articulate the claims of Native Nations and has had the will and intellect to put forth those claims. The movement was founded to turn the attention of Indian people toward a renewal of spirituality which would impart the strength of resolve needed to reverse the ruinous policies of the United States, Canada, and other colonialist governments of Central and South America. At the heart of AIM is deep spirituality and a belief in the connectedness of all Indian people. -
An Examination of the Causes of Wounded Knee 1973: a Case of Intra
Historia 25 An Examination of the Causes of Wounded Knee 1973: a Case of the reservation in isolation from other problems Indians faced, and indeed Intra-tribal Conflict or Response to Federal Policies toward Indians? in isolation from the historical roots that created the potential for such a situation. However, does this accurately portray the situation faced by the Sonya Scott residents of Pine Ridge Reservation and its’ origins? Sonya Leigh Scott, who completed her BA in General Studies at Eastern Illinois University, is a graduate student in History and a member of Phi Alpha Theta. This paper was written for Dr. Lynne Both scholars and participants in the Wounded Knee occupation Curry's History 5360, 20th Century U.S. Social and Cultural History, in the fall of 2007. have suggested that there was more than one event that occurred leading up to the occupation. Federal policies, including the Dawes Allotment Act On February 27, 1973 the small village of Wounded Knee, South Dakota of 1887, the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 (IRA) and termination was occupied by several hundred Oglala Sioux residents, tribal elders and policies of the 1940s and 1950s created reservation conflict over and in headmen, medicine men, and members of the American Indian Movement competition for limited resources and services.6 Other events that occurred headed by Oglala Sioux Russell Means after many failed attempts to in close proximity to each other included the return of Russell Means, AIM impeach the chairman of the Tribal Council on Pine Ridge Reservation. -
The 1969 American Indian Occupation of Alcatraz Island
Penn History Review Volume 26 Issue 2 Article 4 February 2020 Breaking Point: The 1969 American Indian Occupation of Alcatraz Island Thomas Kahle Coe College Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr Recommended Citation Kahle, Thomas (2020) "Breaking Point: The 1969 American Indian Occupation of Alcatraz Island," Penn History Review: Vol. 26 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol26/iss2/4 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol26/iss2/4 For more information, please contact [email protected]. American Indian Occupation of Alcatraz BREAKING POINT: The 1969 American Indian Occupation of Alcatraz Island Thomas Kahle, Coe College Introduction On November 10, 1969, a young Mohawk Indian named Richard Oakes stood thronged by San Francisco news reporters and television cameras. The location of this media frenzy was the then-abandoned Alcatraz Island, and Oakes, a tall, dark-haired twenty-seven-year-old was pressed against the side of a pick-up truck answering reporters’ questions. “So what’s this ‘nation’ that you want to establish out here?” was the first question audible over the crowd’s ruckus.1 Oakes replied, “An Indian nation.”2 The next inquiry, “[Well] why Alcatraz?” was received with equal brevity, as Oakes, struggling to contain his confidence, subtly grinned as he remarked: “Because everyone can see it.”3 Then, while answering another question concerning the soon-to-be- built “Indian nation,” Oakes found himself interrupted by one of the reporters: “Mr. Oakes, this is Mr. Hannon from the General Services Administration (GSA).”4 Recognizing the significance of the crowd’s newest and rather serious-looking member, Oakes exclaimed: “Mr.