PLENAIR Hersenen in Balans

PLENAIR Hersenen in balans: cognitieve focus en flexibiliteit Prof. dr. Roshan Cools, hoogleraar cognitieve neuropsychiatrie, Radboudumc & Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Toelichting: In het onderwijs en onze werkomgeving leggen we veel nadruk op het belang van cognitieve focus. Afleidbaarheid, impulsiviteit en prikkelgevoeligheid worden gezien als nadelig en zijn geassocieerd met ADHD en verslaving. In mijn lezing zal ik aan de hand van kennis over de rol van dopamine in hersenen, cognitie en gedrag laten zien dat optimale prestatie een balans vereist tussen cognitieve focus en flexibiliteit. De waarde van flexibiliteit en prikkelgevoeligheid voor creativiteit en nieuwsgierigheid moet niet worden onderschat. CV: Roshan Cools completed her undergraduate degree in Experimental Psychology at the University of Groningen, Netherlands, in 1998. She then moved to Trevor Robbins’ lab at the University of Cambridge, UK, for an MPhil degree (1999), a PhD degree (2002), a St John’s College Junior Research Fellowship (2002-2006) and a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Research Fellowship (2002-2006). She spent two post-doc years at UC Berkeley working with Mark D’Esposito from 2003, before moving back to Cambridge in 2005, where she obtained a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (2006-2007). In November 2007 she returned to The Netherlands, where she is now Principal Investigator at the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour and Professor of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry at the Radboud University Medical Center. She studies the cognitive and motivational control of human decision making and its modulation by dopamine and serotonin and currently supervises 13 PhD students and 7 postdocs. She has obtained many personal awards and prizes, including a Vidi (NWO, 2008), a Vici (NWO, 2014), a Human Frontiers Science Program grant (2009), a James McDonnell Foundation scholar award (2012) and the Young Investigator Award from the Cognitive Neuroscience Society (2012). In total, she has obtained in total more than 8,5 million euro’s of grant funding. Moreover she serves as Senior Editor for the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, and is a member of the (Government) Advisory Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (AWTI, since 2014) and the board of the Rathenau Institute (since 2012). Contactgegevens: Organisatie: Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging Contactpersoon: Tildie Stijns Adres: Kapittelweg 29 Postcode en plaats: 6500 HB Nijmegen E-mailadres: [email protected] Telefoonnummer: (024) 361 06 51 .

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Aberrant Reward Processing in Parkinson's Disease Is Associated with Dopamine Cell Loss
NeuroImage 59 (2012) 3339–3346 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect NeuroImage journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ynimg Full-length Article Aberrant reward processing in Parkinson's disease is associated with dopamine cell loss Esther Aarts a,b,⁎,1, Rick C. Helmich a,c,1, Marcel J.R. Janssen a,d, Wim J.G. Oyen a,d, Bastiaan R. Bloem a,c, Roshan Cools a,b a Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands b Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Reinier Postlaan 10, 6525 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands c Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Neurology, Parkinson Centre Nijmegen (ParC), Reinier Postlaan 4, 6525 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands d Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands article info abstract Article history: Dopamine has been implicated in reward-related impulsivity, but the exact relationship between dopamine, Received 3 August 2011 reward and impulsivity in humans remains unknown. We address this question in Parkinson's disease (PD), Revised 14 November 2011 which is characterized by severe dopamine depletion. PD is associated primarily with motor and cognitive Accepted 24 November 2011 inflexibility, but can also be accompanied by reward-related impulsivity. This paradoxical symptom of PD Available online 6 December 2011 has often been attributed to dopaminergic overstimulation by antiparkinson medication, which is necessary to relieve the motor and cognitive inflexibility. However, factors other than medication may also contribute Keywords: fl Impulsivity to aberrant impact of reward. Here we assess whether cognitive in exibility and aberrant reward impact in Dopamine PD are two sides of the same coin, namely dopamine cell loss.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Catecholaminergic modulation of meta- learning Jennifer L Cook1*, Jennifer C Swart2, Monja I Frobo¨ se2, Andreea O Diaconescu3,4,5, Dirk EM Geurts2,6, Hanneke EM den Ouden2†, Roshan Cools2,6† 1School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; 2Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands; 3Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 5Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics,CAMH, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 6Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands Abstract The remarkable expedience of human learning is thought to be underpinned by meta- learning, whereby slow accumulative learning processes are rapidly adjusted to the current learning environment. To date, the neurobiological implementation of meta-learning remains unclear. A burgeoning literature argues for an important role for the catecholamines dopamine and noradrenaline in meta-learning. Here, we tested the hypothesis that enhancing catecholamine function modulates the ability to optimise a meta-learning parameter (learning rate) as a function of environmental volatility. 102 participants completed a task which required learning in stable phases, where the probability of reinforcement was constant, and volatile phases, where probabilities changed every
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