Herpetology Notes, volume 11: 561-563 (2018) (published online on 29 July 2018)

New record of the Data Deficient Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli and Oliveira, 2007 (Anura: ) from Southeastern Brazil

Clodoaldo L. de Assis1,*, Jhonny J. M. Guedes1, Gabriel Savignon1 and Renato N. Feio1

The genus Ischnocnema Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862 state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (MZUFV 18185). We comprises 33 recognized species found in central and recorded the call of other male (not collected; 17:30 hs., eastern Brazil and northern Argentina (Frost, 2017). air temperature 25°C, 50 cm distance) using a Tascam Among them, Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli & Oliveira, 2007 is a small species endemic to the Cerrado biome, occurring in areas with “Vereda” physiognomy (Giaretta et al., 2007; Bastos et al., 2015). This species is closely related to I. juipoca (Giaretta et al., 2007; Canedo & Haddad, 2012), however, it can be distinguished from it by the smaller size (SVL: adult males 14.9–18.7 mm; adult females 19.9–20.7 mm), and differences in the advertisement call, which has more pulses and higher pulse repetition rate (Giaretta et al., 2007). Currently, I. penaxavantinho is only known from four localities in the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás (Giaretta, 2008; Bastos et al., 2015; ��� ��������� al.,������������� 2018)� s known about its natural history and population trends, being therefore classified as Data Deficient (Giaretta, 2008; ICMBio, 2014). Herein we provide a new record of I. penaxavantinho, expanding its known geographic distribution. On 2 November 2016, we recorded a population of I. penaxavantinho in the municipality of Presidente Olegário, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (-18.0874°S, - 46.5058°W, Datum WGS 84; 890 m a.s.l.). Specimens were found vocalizing between 15:00 and 20:00 hours in a Cerrado area with “Vereda” physiognomy, composed by grass-like plants, with dispersed Mauritia flexuosa palms. A male was collected as voucher (SVL 13.1 mm; Fig. 1A) and deposited at Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa,

Figure 1. Adult male of Ischnocnema penaxavantinho from Presidente Olegário (MG, Brazil) (MZUFV 18185) (A). 1 Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, Departamento de Biologia Oscillogram ���������������������������������������������� , Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Vila Gianette, 32, (B) and Oscillogram�������������������������������������, CEP 36570-900. Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. of one note (C) ��������������������������������� (Photo by * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Clodoaldo L. Assis). 562 Clodoaldo L. de Assis et al.

Table 1. Acoustic measurements of I. penaxavantinho and I. juipoca (range, mean and standard deviation). CD=call duration, CI=call interval, CR=callTable 1.rate, Acoustic NC=notes measurements per call, of I. N penaxavantinhoD=notes duration, and I. juipocaNI=notes (range, interval, mean and NR=notes standard deviation). rate, PF=peak of frequence, CD=call duration, CI=call interval, CR=call rate, NC=notes per call, ND=notes duration, NI=notes interval, MSR=municipality andNR=notes state rate, of PF=peakrecording, of frequency, RL= ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� MSR=municipality and state of recording, RL= recording location, s= work. second, ms= millisecond. * Type A call cited in this work.

Data I. penaxavantinho I. juipoca 0.46–0.84 0.38–0.78 0.21–0.38 0.37–0.52 0.63–0.84 CD (s) (0.73±0.11) 0.52–0.65 0.81–0.96 (0.53±0.12) (0.30±0.06) (0.45±0.05) (0.79 ± 0.06) n=13 calls n=11 calls n=12 calls n=8 calls 10.0–97.7 6.1–90.3 4.0–22.6 5.1–13.0 15.6–149.1 CI (s) (34.3±24.9) 7–22 – (24.4±27.1) (8.5±6.1) (7.8±2.8) (45.0 ± 47.8) n=12 intervalls n=9 intervalls n=11 intervalls n=6 intervalls CR 1.3 6.6 3 2 2.9 9.6 9.5 call/min 11–19 5–8 8–10 15–18 6–10 (7.7±1.5) NC (17±2.9) 15–18 17–19 (6.4±1.0) (9.2±0.7) (17.1 ± 1.3) n=11 calls n=13 calls n=12 calls n=8 calls 2.4–7.9 4.2–4.6 3.9–34.3 3.8–27.1 2.8–9.2 ND 2–10 0.014–0.032 (5.5±1.2) (last two (11.0±6.2) (9.6±5.4) (5.4±1.5) (ms) (last notes) (0.021 ± 0.008) n=222 notes notes) n=85 notes n=77 notes n=74 notes 33.0–61.1 50.2–95.3 25.9–57.1 36.0–63.9 NI (39±4.1) 40 50–70 – (67.0±9.3) (45.4±6.0) (49.0±5.6) (ms) n=209 intervalls n=74 intervalls n=65 intervalls n=67 intervalls 22.6–24.2 12.6–15.7 18.9–22.9 19.2–21.5 NR (23.3±0.42) 23–29 20 – (14.6±1.1) (20.9±1.0) (20.4±0.8) notes/s n=13 calls n=11 calls n=12 calls n=8 calls 2906.2–3609.4 3385–3564 2578.1–3468.8 140.6–3703.1 2531.2–3328.1 PF (Hz) (3171.6±167.4) 3800 3500 (3455.83 ± (3121.3±229.1) (2966.5±853.3) (2975.9±272.7) n=222 notes 60.35) n=85 notes n=77 notes n=74 notes Freq. 2484.4–3140.6 2437.5–3281.2 46.9–3187.5 2203.1–2906.2 5% (2855.5±147.3) – – – (2899.6±219.5) (1477.4±1237.5) (2602.2±180.1) (Hz) n=222 notes n=85 notes n=77 notes n=74 notes Freq. 3562.5–6375.0 2812.5–3703.1 3234.4–6234.4 2765.6–3703.1 95% (5538.0±631.7) – – – (3426.8±218.7) (4110.3±637.8) (3321.7±266.5) (Hz) n=222 notes n=85 notes n=77 notes n=74 notes Presidente Uberlândia Perdizes Silvânia Poços de Caldas Cunha Campinas MSR Olegário Minas Minas Gerais Goiás Minas Gerais São Paulo São Paulo Minas Gerais Gerais

E. E. do Parque Estadual Floresta Fazenda Panga da Serra do Mar Souzas RL – Nacional de Morro do Ferro Farroupilha (type - Núcleo (type locality) Silvânia locality) Cunha/Indaiá File FNJV 0034637 – – – FNJV 0011672 FNJV 0010214 FNJV 0011673 code Bastos et al. Ref. Present work Giaretta et al. 2007 Present work Present work Present work 2015*

DR40 digital recorder (sampling rate 48 kHz and 16 bits We measured the spectral and temporal variables using resolution) coupled to a Sennheiser ME66 microphone. Raven Pro 1.5 (Cornell Lab of Ornithology Research We deposited the audio recorded at the Fonoteca Program Bioacoustics Workstation) directly from the Neotropical Jacques Vielliard (FNJV) �f Universidade spectrogram and oscillogram, respectively. Spectrogram Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.� was generated with window type Hann; Window size Based on Köhler et al. (2017), we considered the = 512 samples; Overlap = 70%; Hop size = 3.21 ms; call of I. penaxavantinho as sequences of notes DFT size = 1024 samples and; Grid spacing = 46.9 Hz. [described as a single multi-pulsed note (Giaretta et Acoustic terminology follows Köhler et al. (2017). al., 2007; Bastos et al., 2015)]. For comparison, we The call recorded consists of a sequence of harmonic also analysed vocalizations of I. juipoca from two notes, with up to three visible harmonics without localities and reanalysed the recording used by Sazima frequency modulation (Fig. 1B & 1C) and the peak of & Cardoso (1978) in the description of this species. dominant frequency coinciding with the first harmonic. New record of the Data Deficient frog Ischnocnema penaxavantinho from Brazil 563

Acknowledgements. We thank ICMBio for licence permits (#10504–1), Dendrus Projetos Ambientais e Florestais for financial support, Fonoteca Neotropical Jacques Vielliard by recordings of I. juipoca, to the Ariovaldo A. Giaretta for helping to identify the species, Ivan Sazima for information of the call of I. juipoca and an anonymous reviewer for suggestions in the first version of this manuscript.

References

Bastos, R.P., Signorelli, L., Nomura, F., Morais, A.R. (2015): Geographical distribution extension and notes on vocalizations of Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli & Oliveira, 2007 (Anura: Brachycephalidae). The Herpetological Bulletin 132: 22–24. Figure 2. Geographic distribution of Ischnocnema Canedo, C., Haddad, C.F.B. (2012): Phylogenetic relationships penaxavantinho. 1 = Uberlândia, Estação Ecológica do within anuran clade Terrarana, with emphasis on the placement of Brazilian Atlantic rainforest genus Ischnocnema (Anura: P anga (type locality); 2 = Perdizes, Estação de Pesquisa e Brachycephalidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65: D esenvolvimento Ambiental Galheiro; 3 = Silvânia, Floresta 610��20. Nacional de Silvânia; 4 = Paracatu, �������������� ��������� D el Prette, A.C.H., Cândido, C.E.R., Felberg, E.L., Françoso, R.D., P residente Olegário (new record). Brandão, R.A. (2018): Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli and Oliveira 2007 (Amphibia, Brachycephalidae): new distribution record, map and conservation. Herpetology Notes 11: 133–135. Frost, D. (2017): Species of the World: an Online Re­ The calls have an ascendant amplitude modulation in the ference. Version 6.0. Electronic Database. Available at: initial two-thirds, sustaining at the final notes, except by a http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. single call that presented the last third with a descendant American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. amplitude modulation. The notes have an ascendant Accessed on 7 April 2017. amplitude modulation at the first third and descendant Giaretta, A.A., Toffoli, D., Oliveira, L.E. (2007): A new species in other parts. Considering the available information in of Ischnocnema (Anura: Eleutherodactylinae) from open areas the literature about I. penaxavantinho and I. juipoca, of the Cerrado Biome in southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 1666: 43–51. we found overlap in most parameters analysed herein, Giaretta. A.A. (2008): Ischnocnema penaxavantinho. The IUCN except by the number of notes by call (Table 1). This Red List of Threatened Species 2008. doi: 10.2305/IUCN. acoustic parameter is one of the most useful features UK.2008.RLTS.T136108A4238205.en. Accessed on 03 May in differentiating these species (Giaretta et al., 2007), 2017. which sustain the attribution of the population recorded ICMBio (Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da in this study as I. penaxavantinho. Biodiversidade) (2014): Lista de Espécies Quase Ameaçadas e The new record (Fig. 2) expands the geographical Com Dados Insuficientes. Available at: http://www.icmbio.gov. br/portal/faunabrasileira/lista-de-especies-dados-insuficientes. distribution of I. penaxavantinho about 125 km to Accessed on 11 May 2017. southeast from the nearest known locality in Paracatu Köhler, J., Jansen, M., Rodríguez, A., Kok, P.J.R., Toledo, L.F., (MG), being ours the easternmost site for this species. Emmrich, M., Glaw, F., Haddad, C.F.B., Rödel, M.O., Vences, We also highlight that we visited other areas with the M. (2017): The use of bioacoustics in anuran : theory, same phytophysiognomy nearby to the new record, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice. and did not find other populations. Besides that, we Zootaxa, 4251: 1–124 observed these areas showed recent signs of fire and Sazima, I., Cardoso, A.J. (1978): Uma espécie nova de do sudeste Brasileiro (Amphibia, Anura, intensive cattle farming. Thus, we believe that locally, Leptodactylidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 38: 921–925. I. penaxavantinho is possibly vulnerable to these Wells, K.D. (2007): The ecology and behavior of . type of impacts, and we reinforce the importance of Chicago, University of Chicago Press. the preservation of the “Vereda” physiognomy for the maintenance of the populations of this and other associated species. Accepted by Clarissa Canedo