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Ischnocnema Penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli and Oliveira 2007 (Amphibia, Brachycephalidae): New Distribution Record, Map and Conservation

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Ischnocnema Penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli and Oliveira 2007 (Amphibia, Brachycephalidae): New Distribution Record, Map and Conservation Herpetology Notes, volume 11: 133-135 (2018) (published online on 10 February 2018) Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli and Oliveira 2007 (Amphibia, Brachycephalidae): new distribution record, map and conservation Ana C. H. Del Prette1,*, Carlos E. R. Cândido1, Eduardo L. Felberg1, Renata D. Françoso2 and Reuber A. Brandão1 The genus Ischnocnema Reinhardt & Lütken 1862 (Giaretta et al., 2007); and in Silvânia National Forest, is composed by 33 species (Frost 2017), distributed with 486.37 ha, Silvânia municipality, state of Goiás in four groups (I. guentheri, I. lactea, I. parva and I. (Bastos et al., 2015). The population of Ischnocnema verrucosa), except for two species (I. manezinho and from Perdizes Municipality, state of Minas Gerais, was I. sambaqui) not grouped in none of these proposed referred as I. penaxavantinho by Giaretta et al. 2007, that groups (Padial et al. 2014). Although most Ischnocnema highlighted the necessity of further taxonomic studies species are related to Atlantic Forest, two species, with this population. However, the Perdizes population belonging to the I. verrucosa species group (I. juipoca was considered as Ischnocnema penaxavantinho in the and I. penaxavantinho), occurs on open habitats in the extinction risk evaluation for the species (Haddad et al., Cerrado biome (Canedo et al., 2010). Ischnocnema 2016), and we decide to follow this report. penaxavantinho was previously misidentified as I. Herein, we reported the occurrence of Ischnocnema juipoca, a closely species, that occurs in Southern penaxavantinho (Figure 1, CHUNB 76556) in Paracatu and South-eastern localities of the Cerrado (Frost, State Park (-17.08153°S; -47.05967°W, 930 m a.s.l.; 2017), but not include in the account provided by 6,400.34 ha), Paracatu municipality, state of Minas Valdujo et al. (2012). Giaretta et al. (2007) described Gerais, extending its previously known distribution I. penaxavantinho based in individuals from Triângulo about 175Km to the east from the record of Silvânia, Mineiro region, state of Minas Gerais, diagnosing the about 270km to northeast from Panga, and about 235 species in call characteristics and smaller size. km to north from Perdizes (Figure 2). We survey the Ischnocnema penaxavantinho is endemic to the herpetofauna at Paracatu State Park using active Brazilian Cerrado (Valdujo et al., 2012), being known from only three localities: Panga Ecological Station, with 409.5 ha, Uberlândia municipality, state of Minas Gerais, the species type-locality (Giaretta et al., 2007); in Galheiro Research and Environmental Development Station, a Particular Reserve for Natural Heritage, with 2,897 ha, in Perdizes Municipality, State of Minas Gerais 1 University of Brazilia (UnB), Department of Forestry Engineering (EFL), Laboratory of Fauna and Conservation Units (LAFUC), Brasxília, DF, Brazil 70910-900 2 Federal Institute of Brazilia (IFB), Campus Planaltina Areas of Environmental Protection of the Central Plateau, Highway DF 128 – Km 21, S/N, Rural Area Planaltina, Brazilia, DF Figure 1. Adult male of Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Giaretta, 73380-900 Toffoli and Oliveira 2007 from Paracatu State Park, state of * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Minas Gerais (CHUNB 76556). Photo by Carlos Cândido. 134 Ana C. H. Del Prette et al. identified based on its small size, and by the absence of expanded finger tips in fingers III and IV, and by the absence of nuptial pads. In Panga Ecological Station, males of Ischnocnema penaxavantinho were observed calling in marshes along streams (Giaretta et al., 2008), from the ground or over dense grasses, in “Vereda” habitats, an ecosystem characterized by open fields with wet soil and the conspicuous presence of buriti palms (Mauritia flexuosa Mart.). Sometimes the species was found inside forested habitats and forest borders (Giaretta et al. 2007). In this locality, I. penaxavantinho seems to be very common, corresponding to almost 30% of 566 sampled frogs collected by pitfall traps, and being more abundant during rainy season (Giaretta et al. 2008). In Silvânia National Forest, Ischnocnema penaxavantinho was found only in forested habitats, as gallery forests and Cerradão (Bastos et al. 2006; Morais et al. 2012). However, the species seems to be very rare in the Silvânia National Forest, corresponding to less than 0.04% of the herpetofauna captured in pitfall traps (Morais et al. Figure 2. Distribution of Ischnocnema penaxavantinho and 2012). We don’t have any data on I. penaxavantinho its current Extent of Occurrence (corresponding to 38,516.9 from Perdizes (Galheiro Reserve). km2). 1. Paracatu State Park, Paracatu Municipality, state of The present record is relevant because about 80% Minas Gerais (MG); 2. Panga Ecological Station, Uberlândia of amphibian species from the state of Minas Gerais, Municipality, State of Minas Gerais (MG), 3. Galheiro Research and Environmental Development Station and 4. including I. penaxavantinho, are insufficiently Silvânia National Forest, Silvânia Municipality, State of Goiás protected by the current protected areas system (Barata (GO). Dark gray areas corresponds to natural remnants (in a et al. 2016), and it is the first record for the species in a total of 10,399.8 km2) in the species extent of occurrence. Part Conservation Unit belonging to the Integral Protection of the species distribution was flooded by large hydroelectric Group in Brazilian system (Brasil 2000), that group reservoirs (as noticeable in the portion without natural protected areas destined for biodiversity conservation remnants). The magnified map corresponds to the selected (corresponding to IUCN Categories I to IV). area in the inset map. Currently, Ischnocnema penaxavantinho is considered Data Deficient (Giaretta 2008; Haddad et al., 2016), in which the minimum convex polygon produced by the only four known records for the species (i.e. its current searching from 4 to 12 January 2016 and from 01 to Extent of Occurrence or EOO) corresponds to 38,516.9, 06 May 2016 (Licence 52302-1 SISBIO), covering all km2 (larger than the threshold for a vulnerable species). kinds of local phytophysiognomies. On the other hand, its known Area of Occupancy Ischnocnema penaxavantinho was recorded by active (AOO, considering the size of the reserves where the search, only in open fields, on rocky soil. Males were species is found) is smaller than 102 km2 (much less observed calling from soil, often hidden in the basis of than the 2,000 km2 threshold for a vulnerable species), grasses, close to temporary creeks. The same habitat was in a severely fragmented landscape and in less than used by Proceratophrys vielliardi and Phyllomedusa 10 locations (IUCN 2012). However, Ischnocnema oreades. Ischnocnema penaxavantinho corresponded penaxavantinho is a recently described species, and to 1.4% of local anuran total abundance (five recorded we are unaware of any declining or fluctuations on its individuals in a total of 334 anuran sights). However, occurrence, occupancy or demographic parameters for we expected that the species should be much more suggesting changes in the current conservation status for common in pitfall traps, a sampling method not used in the species. Moreover, even though I. penaxavantinho Paracatu State Park. We collected only one male voucher is apparently rare in some of its Areas of Occupancy, (CHUNB 76556, CRC = 20.27mm). The species was its presence in very small habitat remnants (as Panga Ischnocnema penaxavantinho: new distribution record, map and conservation 135 and Silvânia), the great number of natural remnants Giaretta, A.A. (2008): Ischnocnema penaxavantinho. The IUCN Red on its Extent of Occurrence (10,399.8 km2, Figure 2), List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T136108A4238205. http:// and its presence in a Category II IUCN Protected Area dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136108A4238205. en. Downloaded on 21 April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/ (Paracatu State Park), suggests that more studies should S0073-47212008000200002. be conducted focusing in Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Haddad, C.F.B., Machado, I.F., Giovanelli, J.G.R., Bataus, Y.S.L., conservation, taxonomy and ecological requirements. Uhlig, V.M., Batista, F.R.Q., Cruz, C.A.G., Conte, C.E., Zank, C., Strüsmann, C., Canedo, C.C., Loebmann, D., Silvano, Acknowledgments. We thank to Biosfera Estudos Ambientais D.L., Nomura, F., Pinto, H.B.A., Amaral, I.B., Gasparini, J.L. and Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF/MG) for logistic support R., Nascimento, L.B., Martins, M.R.C., Napoli, M.F., Gordo, during field studies. M., Hoogmoed, M.S., Kienle, M.S., Maciel, N.M., Valdujo, P.H., Garcia, P.C.A., Sawaya, R.J., Lingnau, R., Bastos, R.P. References e Caramaschi, U. 2016. Avaliação do Risco de Extinção de Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli & Oliveira, 2007. Barata, I.M., Uhlig, V.M., Silva, G.H., Ferreira, G.B. (2016): Processo de Avaliação do Risco de Extinção da Fauna brasileira. Downscaling the gap: protected areas, scientific knowledge ICMBio. Available at http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/ and the conservation of amphibian species in Minas Gerais, biodiversidade/fauna-brasileira/estado-de-conservacao/7622- southeastern Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, anfibios-ischnocnema-penaxavantinho.html. Accessed in 11(1): 34–45. October 25, 2017. Bastos, R.P., Motta, J.A.O., Lima, L.P., Guimarães, L.D. (2003): IUCN (2012): IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version Anfíbios da Floresta Nacional de Silvânia, Estado de Goiás. 3.1. Second Edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: Stylo Gráfica e Editora, Goiânia. 82p. IUCN. iv + 32pp. Bastos, R.P., Signorelli, L., Nomura, F., Morais, A.R. (2015): Morais, A.R., Bastos, R.P., Vieira, R.R.S., Signorelli, L. (2012): Geographical distribution extension and notes on vocalizations Herpetofauna of the Floresta Nacional de Silvânia, a Cerrado of Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli & Oliveira, remnant in Central Brazil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 2007 (Anura: Brachycephalidae). The Herpetological Bulletin, 7(2): 114–121. 132: 22–24. Padial, J.M., Grant, T., Frost, D.R. (2014): Molecular systematics Brasil (2000): Lei nº 9.985, de 18 de julho de 2000.
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