Herpetology Notes, volume 11: 561-563 (2018) (published online on 29 July 2018) New record of the Data Deficient frog Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli and Oliveira, 2007 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Southeastern Brazil Clodoaldo L. de Assis1,*, Jhonny J. M. Guedes1, Gabriel Savignon1 and Renato N. Feio1 The genus Ischnocnema Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862 state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (MZUFV 18185). We comprises 33 recognized species found in central and recorded the call of other male (not collected; 17:30 hs., eastern Brazil and northern Argentina (Frost, 2017). air temperature 25°C, 50 cm distance) using a Tascam Among them, Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli & Oliveira, 2007 is a small species endemic to the Cerrado biome, occurring in areas with “Vereda” physiognomy (Giaretta et al., 2007; Bastos et al., 2015). This species is closely related to I. juipoca (Giaretta et al., 2007; Canedo & Haddad, 2012), however, it can be distinguished from it by the smaller size (SVL: adult males 14.9–18.7 mm; adult females 19.9–20.7 mm), and differences in the advertisement call, which has more pulses and higher pulse repetition rate (Giaretta et al., 2007). Currently, I. penaxavantinho is only known from four localities in the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás (Giaretta, 2008; Bastos et al., 2015; �el �rette et al., 2018), and little is known about its natural history and population trends, being therefore classified as �ata �eficient (Giaretta, 2008; ICMBio, 2014). Herein we provide a new record of I. penaxavantinho, expanding its known geographic distribution. On 2 November 2016, we recorded a population of I. penaxavantinho in the municipality of �residente Olegário, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (-18.0874°S, - 46.5058°W, �atum WGS 84; 890 m a.s.l.). Specimens were found vocalizing between 15:00 and 20:00 hours in a Cerrado area with “Vereda” physiognomy, composed by grass-like plants, with dispersed Mauritia flexuosa palms. A male was collected as voucher (SVL 13.1 mm; Fig. 1A) and deposited at Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Figure 1. Adult male of Ischnocnema penaxavantinho from �residente Olegário (MG, Brazil) (MZUFV 18185) (A). 1 Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, �epartamento de Biologia Oscillogram and audiospectrogram of the ad�ertisement call Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Vila Gianette, 32, (B) and Oscillogram�������������������������������������, CE� 36570-900. Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. of one note (C) of other male from the same site. (�hoto by * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Clodoaldo L. Assis). 562 Clodoaldo L. de Assis et al. Table 1. Acoustic measurements of I. penaxavantinho and I. juipoca (range, mean and standard deviation). C�=call duration, CI=call interval, CR=callTable 1.rate, Acoustic NC=notes measurements per call, of I. N penaxavantinho�=notes duration, and I. juipoca NI=notes (range, interval, mean and NR=notes standard deviation). rate, �F=peak of frequence, CD=call duration, CI=call interval, CR=call rate, NC=notes per call, ND=notes duration, NI=notes interval, MSR=municipality andNR=notes state rate, of PF=peakrecording, of frequency, RL= recording MSR=municipality location, and s=state second, of recording, ms= RL= millisecond. recording location, * Type s= A call cited in this work. second, ms= millisecond. * Type A call cited in this work. Data I. penaxavantinho I. juipoca 0.46–0.84 0.38–0.78 0.21–0.38 0.37–0.52 0.63–0.84 CD (s) (0.73±0.11) 0.52–0.65 0.81–0.96 (0.53±0.12) (0.30±0.06) (0.45±0.05) (0.79 ± 0.06) n=13 calls n=11 calls n=12 calls n=8 calls 10.0–97.7 6.1–90.3 4.0–22.6 5.1–13.0 15.6–149.1 CI (s) (34.3±24.9) 7–22 – (24.4±27.1) (8.5±6.1) (7.8±2.8) (45.0 ± 47.8) n=12 intervalls n=9 intervalls n=11 intervalls n=6 intervalls CR 1.3 6.6 3 2 2.9 9.6 9.5 call/min 11–19 5–8 8–10 15–18 6–10 (7.7±1.5) NC (17±2.9) 15–18 17–19 (6.4±1.0) (9.2±0.7) (17.1 ± 1.3) n=11 calls n=13 calls n=12 calls n=8 calls 2.4–7.9 4.2–4.6 3.9–34.3 3.8–27.1 2.8–9.2 ND 2–10 0.014–0.032 (5.5±1.2) (last two (11.0±6.2) (9.6±5.4) (5.4±1.5) (ms) (last notes) (0.021 ± 0.008) n=222 notes notes) n=85 notes n=77 notes n=74 notes 33.0–61.1 50.2–95.3 25.9–57.1 36.0–63.9 NI (39±4.1) 40 50–70 – (67.0±9.3) (45.4±6.0) (49.0±5.6) (ms) n=209 intervalls n=74 intervalls n=65 intervalls n=67 intervalls 22.6–24.2 12.6–15.7 18.9–22.9 19.2–21.5 NR (23.3±0.42) 23–29 20 – (14.6±1.1) (20.9±1.0) (20.4±0.8) notes/s n=13 calls n=11 calls n=12 calls n=8 calls 2906.2–3609.4 3385–3564 2578.1–3468.8 140.6–3703.1 2531.2–3328.1 PF (Hz) (3171.6±167.4) 3800 3500 (3455.83 ± (3121.3±229.1) (2966.5±853.3) (2975.9±272.7) n=222 notes 60.35) n=85 notes n=77 notes n=74 notes Freq. 2484.4–3140.6 2437.5–3281.2 46.9–3187.5 2203.1–2906.2 5% (2855.5±147.3) – – – (2899.6±219.5) (1477.4±1237.5) (2602.2±180.1) (Hz) n=222 notes n=85 notes n=77 notes n=74 notes Freq. 3562.5–6375.0 2812.5–3703.1 3234.4–6234.4 2765.6–3703.1 95% (5538.0±631.7) – – – (3426.8±218.7) (4110.3±637.8) (3321.7±266.5) (Hz) n=222 notes n=85 notes n=77 notes n=74 notes Presidente Uberlândia Perdizes Silvânia Poços de Caldas Cunha Campinas MSR Olegário Minas Minas Gerais Goiás Minas Gerais São Paulo São Paulo Minas Gerais Gerais E. E. do Parque Estadual Floresta Fazenda Panga da Serra do Mar Souzas RL – Nacional de Morro do Ferro Farroupilha (type - Núcleo (type locality) Silvânia locality) Cunha/Indaiá File FNJV 0034637 – – – FNJV 0011672 FNJV 0010214 FNJV 0011673 code Bastos et al. Ref. Present work Giaretta et al. 2007 Present work Present work Present work 2015* �R40 digital recorder (sampling rate 48 kHz and 16 bits We measured the spectral and temporal variables using resolution) coupled to a Sennheiser ME66 microphone. Raven �ro 1.5 (Cornell Lab of Ornithology Research We deposited the audio recorded at the Fonoteca �rogram Bioacoustics Workstation) directly from the Neotropical Jacques Vielliard (FNJV) of Universidade spectrogram and oscillogram, respectively. Spectrogram Estadual de Campinas, São �aulo, Brazil. was generated with window type Hann; Window size Based on Köhler et al. (2017), we considered the = 512 samples; Overlap = 70%; Hop size = 3.21 ms; call of I. penaxavantinho as sequences of notes �FT size = 1024 samples and; Grid spacing = 46.9 Hz. [described as a single multi-pulsed note (Giaretta et Acoustic terminology follows Köhler et al. (2017). al., 2007; Bastos et al., 2015)]. For comparison, we The call recorded consists of a sequence of harmonic also analysed �ocalizations of I. juipoca from two notes, with up to three visible harmonics without localities and reanalysed the recording used by Sazima frequency modulation (Fig. 1B & 1C) and the peak of & Cardoso (1978) in the description of this species. dominant frequency coinciding with the first harmonic. New record of the �ata �eficient frog Ischnocnema penaxavantinho from Brazil 563 Acknowledgements. We thank ICMBio for licence permits (#10504–1), �endrus �rojetos Ambientais e Florestais for financial support, Fonoteca Neotropical Jacques Vielliard by recordings of I. juipoca, to the Ariovaldo A. Giaretta for helping to identify the species, Ivan Sazima for information of the call of I. juipoca and an anonymous reviewer for suggestions in the first version of this manuscript. References Bastos, R.�., Signorelli, L., Nomura, F., Morais, A.R. (2015): Geographical distribution extension and notes on vocalizations of Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli & Oliveira, 2007 (Anura: Brachycephalidae). The Herpetological Bulletin 132: 22–24. Figure 2. Geographic distribution of Ischnocnema Canedo, C., Haddad, C.F.B. (2012): �hylogenetic relationships penaxavantinho. 1 = Uberlândia, Estação Ecológica do within anuran clade Terrarana, with emphasis on the placement of Brazilian Atlantic rainforest frogs genus Ischnocnema (Anura: � anga (type locality); 2 = �erdizes, Estação de �esquisa e Brachycephalidae). Molecular �hylogenetics and Evolution 65: � esenvolvimento Ambiental Galheiro; 3 = Silvânia, Floresta 610–620. Nacional de Silvânia; 4 = �aracatu, �aracatu State �ark; 5 = � el �rette, A.C.H., Cândido, C.E.R., Felberg, E.L., Françoso, R.�., � residente Olegário (new record). Brandão, R.A. (2018): Ischnocnema penaxavantinho Giaretta, Toffoli and Oliveira 2007 (Amphibia, Brachycephalidae): new distribution record, map and conservation. Herpetology Notes 11: 133–135. Frost, �. (2017): Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Re- The calls ha�e an ascendant amplitude modulation in the ference. Version 6.0. Electronic �atabase. Available at: initial two-thirds, sustaining at the final notes, except by a http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. single call that presented the last third with a descendant American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. amplitude modulation. The notes have an ascendant Accessed on 7 April 2017. amplitude modulation at the first third and descendant Giaretta, A.A., Toffoli, �., Oliveira, L.E.