DOCSLIB.ORG

Host Specificity and Ectoparasite Load of Bat Flies in Utila, Honduras

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Host Specificity and Ectoparasite Load of Bat Flies in Utila, Honduras University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO Senior Honors Theses Undergraduate Showcase 8-2014 Host Specificity and ctE oparasite Load of Bat Flies in Utila, Honduras Courtney Miller University of New Orleans Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses Part of the Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Courtney, "Host Specificity and ctE oparasite Load of Bat Flies in Utila, Honduras" (2014). Senior Honors Theses. 63. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/63 This Honors Thesis-Unrestricted is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Honors Thesis-Unrestricted in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Honors Thesis-Unrestricted has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Host specificity and ectoparasite load of bat flies in Utila, Honduras An Honors Thesis Presented to the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of the University of New Orleans In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelors of Interdisciplinary Studies, with Honors by Courtney Miller May 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments...............................................................................................................ii List of Figures.....................................................................................................................iii Abstract...............................................................................................................................iv Chapters: 1. Introduction..............................................................................................................1 2. Materials, Methods, and Results..............................................................................6 3. Discussion............................................................................................................. 14 References......................................................................................................................... 19 ! i! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge my advisor, Dr. Phil DeVries for introducing me to the world of insects and providing me with the resources I needed to study them. I am also grateful for the valuable lessons in ecology, which played a huge part in this paper, from my second reader, Dr. Jerome Howard. I would also like to thank Kanahau Research and Conservation Facility in Utila. Specifically, I would like to acknowledge Steven Clayson for showing such enthusiasm for getting covered in bat guano on a daily basis and for helping me overcome any and every obstacle during field work. Also, Andrea Martinez for inspiring my interest in bats and for making it possible for this study to take place. ! ii! LIST OF FIGURES 1. Table I.............................................................................................................................9 2. Table II..........................................................................................................................11 3. Table III.........................................................................................................................12 4. Table IV.........................................................................................................................13 ! iii! ABSTRACT Bat flies (Streblidae) are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites of bats that display varying degrees of host specificity. A total of 265 streblid bat flies were collected from 122 bats belonging to the families Phyllostomidae and Natalidae from Utila, the smallest bay island of Honduras. Out of four host-parasite associations, three were considered primary. Out of the three bat species analyzed, one had significantly lower parasite prevalence and another had significantly higher parasite load and intensity. Both male and female bats were equally likely to be infested and variables of parasite density did not differ amongst host sex for any species. However, one species of bat had a significantly larger number of male parasites than female parasites. No significant relationships were found between variables of parasite density and host body mass or bat health (indicated by the ratio of mass to forearm length). The roosting ecology of the two cave roosting species in the study was considered and despite no apparent lack of dispersal barriers, the bat flies exhibited consistent primary associations. Examination of similar host-parasite relationship has many implications in parasite-host relationships and coevolution. Keywords: Streblidae, ectoparasitic infestations, parasite-host associations, Chiroptera, bat health, roosting ecology ! iv! CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Bat flies, Hippoboscoidea, are obligate ectoparasites of bats. They are highly specialized hematophageous true flies found in the fur or on the membranous areas of their hosts. The two families, Streblidae and Nycteribiidae, are both most diverse in the tropic regions with streblids having greater richness is the Western Hemisphere (Dick & Patterson 2006). Both bat fly and bat species can exhibit a wide variety of ecological, morphological, and behavioral differences. The nature of the associations between bat flies and their hosts provides many significant yet complicated avenues for exploration. Due to their odd lifecycle, the bat flies’ habitat expands far beyond the host environment. They are holometabolous insects that exhibit adenotrophic viviparity. The adult female bat fly leaves the host to find a suitable area on the roost substrate to deposit its offspring. A single 3rd instar larva immediately forms a puparium after being deposited, spends three to four weeks in a pupal stage, then emerges as an adult fly seeking a host (Dick & Patterson 2006). It is also notable that there have been cases where adult male bat flies were observed off the host, specifically amongst pupae (Dick & Patterson 2006). Considering that bat flies spend up to a third of their adult lifespans off of their hosts, one might suspect that this provides increased potential for associations with a variety of host species. In other words, bat flies may be obligate parasites of bats, but given their life cycle, they are not permanent parasites. While known life-histories are relatively similar, the morphological and behavioral characteristics of bat flies can vary significantly. Specifically, streblids may differ greatly in size, body shape, eye reduction, and wing development. Bat flies have ! 1! strong tarsal claws used for gripping host fur. Some also have a ctendium along the top posterior margin of their head, and various amounts and distributions of setae. Some species exhibit a host-site preference for either fur or membranous areas, such as the wings, which often correspond to certain morphological characteristics (Dick and Patterson 2006). In a study on the host and host-site specificity of 25 neotropical bat species and 32 bat fly species, functional wings were not associated with host-site preference, but only fur-specific species had ctenidia and long hind legs (ter Hofstede et al. 2004). Fly movement was also observed to be different in this study. Species with shorter legs were seen navigating through the fur while others, with longer legs were pushing to the surface and walking on top of the fur. Bat hosts also vary significantly in terms of physical and behavioral characteristics. Roosting ecology has shown to be an important factor in parasite and host associations. Some bats use more permanent roosts such as caves, tree cavities, or rock crevices, while others seek refuge in temporary roosts such as foliage or exfoliating bark. Bats also differ in their degree of roost fidelity, which is often related to the permanence of their roost and form of social organization (Kunz & Fenton 2005). A study conducted on 130 bat species with 116 bat flies species found that bats roosting in more permanent, enclosed structures had higher parasite densities, were infested with more parasite species, and were more likely to be infested (Patterson et al. 2007). Characteristics of both parasites and hosts may contribute to varying degrees of host specificity in parasites. Host specificity measures the tendency of a parasite to inhabit a single host species and results from the co-existence of parasite and host over evolutionary time (Dick & Patterson 2007). Host-parasite associations can be categorized as primary or ! 2! non-primary. More specifically, there are multiple degrees, or classifications, of host specificity. Monoxenous refers to a species of parasites that occur only on a single host species, oligoxenous refers to a parasite that occurs on two or more species of the same genus, and pleioxenous refers to the parasite occurring on two or more host genera in the same family (Seneviratne et al 2009). Furthermore, the smaller range of hosts, or the higher degree of specificity, a parasite has will be phylogenetically more similar or have shared behavioral and ecological attributes (Whitfield 1979). A recent study designed to eliminate cross-host contamination
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Importance of Behavior and Venom System Morphology in Understanding Its Ecology and Evolution
    Toxins 2019, 11, 666; doi:10.3390/toxins11110666 S1 of S11 Supplementary Materials: The Diversity of Venom: The Importance of Behavior and Venom System Morphology in Understanding Its Ecology and Evolution Vanessa Schendel, Lachlan D. Rash, Ronald A. Jenner, and Eivind A. B. Undheim Table S1. Independently evolved venomous animal lineages and the primary ecological roles of their venoms. Taxa for which no direct support of their venomous nature could be found are shown in grey font. General Venom System Animal Group Venomous Lineage Primary Role References Morphology Predation, defense, Cnidarians All Nematocysts [1] intraspecific competition Coleoid Posterior and anterior glands, cephalopods, venom injected through salivary Predation [2,3] including octopus papilla. and squid Long duct/venom gland, venom Cone snails and injected through hollow radular Predation, [4] relatives (Conoidea) tooth on proboscis by a distal defense venom pump. Tritons, helmet Two-lobed salivary (venom) Molluscs shells, etc. glands that open through Predation [5] (Tonnoidea) common duct into buccal mass. Dwarf tritons, Single-lobed salivary (venom) including vampire glands that open through Predation [6] snails common duct into buccal mass. (Colubrariidae) Primary and accessory salivary Murex snails (venom) glands that open Predation [7] (Muricidae) through common duct into buccal mass. Proboscis with venom secreting cells, sometimes with stylet to Nemerteans Ribbon worms facilitate venom delivery Predation [8] (Enopla), or pseudocnidae with a potential role in venom delivery. Toxin-producing “lappets” secreting venom into large Blood worms muscular and glandular venom Predation [9] (Glyceridae) reservoir, which is presumably Annelids also involved in venom expulsion. Secretory cells dispersed along Predation, Leeches (Hirudinea) the buccal cavity in jawed [10–12] blood feeding leeches (Arhynchobdellida); Toxins 2019, 11, 666; doi:10.3390/toxins11110666 S2 of S11 presence of two paired salivary glands in jawless leeches (Glossiphoniidae).
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera) Diversity in a Patch of Costa Rican Cloud Forest: Why Inventory Is a Vital Science
    Zootaxa 4402 (1): 053–090 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2FAF702-664B-4E21-B4AE-404F85210A12 Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science ART BORKENT1, BRIAN V. BROWN2, PETER H. ADLER3, DALTON DE SOUZA AMORIM4, KEVIN BARBER5, DANIEL BICKEL6, STEPHANIE BOUCHER7, SCOTT E. BROOKS8, JOHN BURGER9, Z.L. BURINGTON10, RENATO S. CAPELLARI11, DANIEL N.R. COSTA12, JEFFREY M. CUMMING8, GREG CURLER13, CARL W. DICK14, J.H. EPLER15, ERIC FISHER16, STEPHEN D. GAIMARI17, JON GELHAUS18, DAVID A. GRIMALDI19, JOHN HASH20, MARTIN HAUSER17, HEIKKI HIPPA21, SERGIO IBÁÑEZ- BERNAL22, MATHIAS JASCHHOF23, ELENA P. KAMENEVA24, PETER H. KERR17, VALERY KORNEYEV24, CHESLAVO A. KORYTKOWSKI†, GIAR-ANN KUNG2, GUNNAR MIKALSEN KVIFTE25, OWEN LONSDALE26, STEPHEN A. MARSHALL27, WAYNE N. MATHIS28, VERNER MICHELSEN29, STEFAN NAGLIS30, ALLEN L. NORRBOM31, STEVEN PAIERO27, THOMAS PAPE32, ALESSANDRE PEREIRA- COLAVITE33, MARC POLLET34, SABRINA ROCHEFORT7, ALESSANDRA RUNG17, JUSTIN B. RUNYON35, JADE SAVAGE36, VERA C. SILVA37, BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR38, JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON8, JOHN O. STIREMAN III10, JOHN SWANN39, PEKKA VILKAMAA40, TERRY WHEELER††, TERRY WHITWORTH41, MARIA WONG2, D. MONTY WOOD8, NORMAN WOODLEY42, TIFFANY YAU27, THOMAS J. ZAVORTINK43 & MANUEL A. ZUMBADO44 †—deceased. Formerly with the Universidad de Panama ††—deceased. Formerly at McGill University, Canada 1. Research Associate, Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, BC, V1E 2C2, Canada. Email: [email protected] 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Streblidae; Nycteribiidae)1
    Pacific Insects Monograph 28: 119-211 20 June 1971 AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BATFLIES (Diptera: Streblidae; Nycteribiidae)1 By T. C. Maa2 Abstract. This bibliography lists, up to the end of 1970, about 800 references relating to the batflies or Streblidae and Nycteribiidae. Annotations are given regarding the contents, dates of publication and other information of the references listed. A subject index is appended. The following bibliography is the result of an attempt to catalogue and partly digest all the literature (published up to the end of 1970) relating to the Systematics and other aspects of the 2 small dipterous families of batflies, i.e., Streblidae and Nycter­ ibiidae. The bibliography includes a list of about 800 references, with annotations, and a subject index. Soon after the start of the compilation of literature in 1960, it was found that many odd but often important records were scattered in books and other publica­ tions on travels, expeditions, speleology, mammalogy, parasitology, etc. A number of such publications are not available even in the largest entomological libraries and might well have been inadvertently overlooked. While some 50 additional references are provisionally omitted because of the lack of sufficient information, new con­ tributions on the subject are almost continuously coming out from various sources. This bibliography does not, therefore, pretend to be complete and exhaustive. The time and effort devoted toward the compilation would be worthwhile should this bibliography be of interest to its readers and the annotations and subject index be of benefit. The manuscript has been revised several times and it is hoped that not too many errors, omissions and other discrepancies have developed during the course of preparation.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Nycteribiid and Streblid Bat Flies (Diptera: Brachycera, Calyptratae): Implications for Host
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38 (2006) 155–170 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogenetic analysis of nycteribiid and streblid bat Xies (Diptera: Brachycera, Calyptratae): Implications for host associations and phylogeographic origins Katharina Dittmar a,¤, Megan L. Porter b, Susan Murray c, Michael F. Whiting a a Department of Integrative Biology, Brigham Young University, 401 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA b Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA c Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA Received 1 April 2005; revised 25 May 2005; accepted 6 June 2005 Available online 8 August 2005 Abstract Bat Xies are a small but diverse group of highly specialized ectoparasitic, obligatory bloodsucking Diptera. For the Wrst time, the phylogenetic relationships of 26 species and Wve subfamilies were investigated using four genes (18S rDNA, 16S rDNA, COII, and cytB) under three optimality criteria (maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian inference). Tree topol- ogy tests of previous hypotheses were conducted under likelihood (Shimodaira–Hasegawa test). Major Wndings include the non- monophyly of the Streblidae and the recovery of an Old World- and a New World-Clade of bat Xies. These data ambiguously resolve basal relationships between Hippoboscidae, Glossinidae, and bat Xies. Recovered phylogenies resulted in either monophyly (Bayes- ian approach) or paraphyly (MP/ML topologies) of the bat Xies, thus obscuring the potential number of possible associations with bats throughout the history of this group. Dispersal-vicariance analysis suggested the Neotropical region as the possible ancestral distribution area of the New World Streblidae and the Oriental region for the Old World bat Xies.
    [Show full text]
  • PARASITIC on MEGACHIROPTERAN BATS X
    Pacific Insects Monograph 28: 213-243 20 June 1971 REVIEW OF THE STREBLIDAE (Diptera) PARASITIC ON MEGACHIROPTERAN BATS x By T. C. Maa2 Abstract. Of the 16 streblid species previously recorded as parasites of the Megachiroptera, only 6 are here considered to be correctly so associated. Five of these 6 species are re-assigned to a new genus and only 1 is retained in the genus Brachytarsina (^Nycteribosca). These 2 genera are each divided into 2 subgenera and their host relationships, distributional patterns and evolutionary trends are discussed. Earlier records of the species are critically reviewed and are incorporated with new data which are based on some 650 specimens. The new taxa described are Megastrebla, n. gen. (type N. gigantea Speiser); Aoroura, n. subgen, (type N. nigriceps Jobling); Psilacris, n. subgen, (type N. longiarista Jobling); M. (A) limbooliati, n. sp. (Malaya, Borneo); M. (M.) gigantea kaluzvawae, n. ssp. (Fergusson I.); M. (M) gigantea salomonis, n. ssp. (Solomon Is.); M. (M) parvior papuae, n. ssp. (New Guinea). Streblid batflies are rarely found on the suborder Megachiroptera, composed of the single family Pteropodidae, whose members are generally referred to as fruit bats. Only 16 species have been recorded on these bats. A closer examination of the pub­ lished records clearly indicates that 10 of these 16 species (see Appendix II) should not be considered true parasites of the Megachiroptera; available data support the con­ cept that no streblids normally breed simultaneously on both the Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera, and among the 39 genera of the former suborder, only those which usually roost in partially illuminated caves and rock-crevices serve as normal breeding hosts of Streblidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Volumen 9. Número 2, Mayo
    BOLETÍN DE LA RED LATINOAMERICANA Y DEL CARIBE PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS MURCIÉLAGOS Vol. 9/N° 2. Mayo-Agosto 2018 Depósito legal N° ppi201003MI667 JUNTA DIRECTIVA EDITORIAL IV International Bat Course: Systematic, Ecology and Jafet M. Nassar Coordinador General Conservation La creación de capacidades para el estudio y conservación de la biodiversidad debe ser una prioridad en todo el mundo. No solamente se trata de una de Grupo Asesor las actividades de mayor relevancia en el presente y el futuro cercano, y de Luis F. Aguirre; Laura Navarro; mediano y largo plazo, sino que además es crucial el crear y fortalecer los Rodrigo A. Medellín; Rubén Barquez; vínculos entre las generaciones pasadas, presentes y futuras de profesionales Armando Rodríguez Durán; de la conservación. Los jóvenes llamados millenials son hoy la esperanza Mónica M. Díaz; Bernal Rodríguez Herrera; para intentar rescatar el futuro del mundo y es a ellos a quienes les tocará M. Isabel Galarza; Sergio Estrada resover los problemas creados por nuestras generaciones. Es por ello que varios profesores especializados en el estudio y COMITÉ EDITORIAL conservación de murciélagos en todo el mundo convergemos cada dos años para impartir un curso que ya tiene su historia y que ha dejado huella Cristian Kraker Castañeda en docenas de jóvenes que lo han tomado y que siguen vinculados con el [email protected] tema de murciélagos. El curso se titula International Bat Course: Systematic, Rubén Barquez Ecology and Conservation y se imparte gracias a la coordinación del CEBIO, [email protected] Centro de Ecología y Biodiversidad, de Perú, bajo la supervisión directa de la Jafet M.
    [Show full text]
  • F. Christian Thompson Neal L. Evenhuis and Curtis W. Sabrosky Bibliography of the Family-Group Names of Diptera
    F. Christian Thompson Neal L. Evenhuis and Curtis W. Sabrosky Bibliography of the Family-Group Names of Diptera Bibliography Thompson, F. C, Evenhuis, N. L. & Sabrosky, C. W. The following bibliography gives full references to 2,982 works cited in the catalog as well as additional ones cited within the bibliography. A concerted effort was made to examine as many of the cited references as possible in order to ensure accurate citation of authorship, date, title, and pagination. References are listed alphabetically by author and chronologically for multiple articles with the same authorship. In cases where more than one article was published by an author(s) in a particular year, a suffix letter follows the year (letters are listed alphabetically according to publication chronology). Authors' names: Names of authors are cited in the bibliography the same as they are in the text for proper association of literature citations with entries in the catalog. Because of the differing treatments of names, especially those containing articles such as "de," "del," "van," "Le," etc., these names are cross-indexed in the bibliography under the various ways in which they may be treated elsewhere. For Russian and other names in Cyrillic and other non-Latin character sets, we follow the spelling used by the authors themselves. Dates of publication: Dating of these works was obtained through various methods in order to obtain as accurate a date of publication as possible for purposes of priority in nomenclature. Dates found in the original works or by outside evidence are placed in brackets after the literature citation.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera, Streblidae
    PROC. OF THE OKLA. ACAD. OF SCI. FOR 1958 Note. on the Biology and Distribution of Trichobius in Northwest Oklahoma (Diplera, Streblidae) VICTOR B. ZEVE, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater The Streblidae or "Bat Flies," belonging to the order Diptera, sub­ order Pupipara, are small, light brown flies varying from 1.2 to 3.7 mm. in length and are almost always parasitic on bats (Plate 1). Both males and females are blood feeders. These Diptera are widespread in distribu­ tion, but are rare in museum collections. The family Streblidae was established by Kolenati (1863) and the genus Tncho"'U8 was erected by Gervais (1844 ). Collection of these flies has occurred in Oklahoma from time to time, but little information has been published. Jobling (1938), in his excellent revision of the genus Trichobius, gives information in regard to distribution and host-parasite relationships. Additional distribution records of these parasites in Oklahoma are re­ corded by Kessel (1952) and Kohls (1954). The Streblidae are Viviparous and the larvae are retained within the female until fully developed. Only one larva matures at a time and it is deposited on the wall or ceiling of a cave where It remains immobile. Within a few moments the larva develops into a pupa. For the past year the author has been working on both the external and internal morphology and biology of TrichobiU8 major (Coquillet) . This problem necessitated the collecting of large numbers of this species. Many specimens of T. major and other species were obtained from several known bat caves in northwestern Oklahoma. The location of these caves follows: Conner's Cave: Five mUes south, two miles east of junction of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Observations on Antennal Morphology in Diptera, with Particular Reference to the Articular Surfaces Between Segments 2 and 3 in the Cyclorrhapha
    © The Author, 2011. Journal compilation © Australian Museum, Sydney, 2011 Records of the Australian Museum (2011) Vol. 63: 113–166. ISSN 0067-1975 doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.63.2011.1585 Observations on Antennal Morphology in Diptera, with Particular Reference to the Articular Surfaces between Segments 2 and 3 in the Cyclorrhapha DaviD K. Mcalpine Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia abstract. The main features of antennal segments 2 and 3 seen in the higher Diptera are described, including many that are not or inadequately covered in available publications. The following terms are introduced or clarified: for segment 2 or the pedicel—annular ridge, caestus, chin, collar, conus, distal articular surface, encircling furrow, foramen of articulation, foraminal cusp, foraminal ring, pedicellar button, pedicellar cup, rim; for segment 3 or the postpedicel—basal foramen, basal hollow, basal stem, postpedicellar pouch, sacculus, scabrous tongue, sub-basal caecum; for the stylus or arista—stylar goblet. Particular attention is given to the occurrence and position of the pedicellar button. The button is the cuticular component of a chordotonal organ, which perhaps has the role of a baroreceptor. It is present in the majority of families of Diptera, and possibly was present in the ancestral dipteran. Some generalizations about antennal structure are made, and a diagram showing the main trends in antennal evolution in the Eremoneura is provided. The general form of the antenna shows a transition from approximate radial symmetry (e.g., in Empis, Microphor, and Opetia) through to superficial bilateral symmetry (in many taxa of Eumuscomorpha), though there is usually much asymmetry in detail.
    [Show full text]
  • ISSUE 58, April, 2017
    FLY TIMES ISSUE 58, April, 2017 Stephen D. Gaimari, editor Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch California Department of Food & Agriculture 3294 Meadowview Road Sacramento, California 95832, USA Tel: (916) 262-1131 FAX: (916) 262-1190 Email: [email protected] Welcome to the latest issue of Fly Times! As usual, I thank everyone for sending in such interesting articles. I hope you all enjoy reading it as much as I enjoyed putting it together. Please let me encourage all of you to consider contributing articles that may be of interest to the Diptera community for the next issue. Fly Times offers a great forum to report on your research activities and to make requests for taxa being studied, as well as to report interesting observations about flies, to discuss new and improved methods, to advertise opportunities for dipterists, to report on or announce meetings relevant to the community, etc., with all the associated digital images you wish to provide. This is also a great place to report on your interesting (and hopefully fruitful) collecting activities! Really anything fly-related is considered. And of course, thanks very much to Chris Borkent for again assembling the list of Diptera citations since the last Fly Times! The electronic version of the Fly Times continues to be hosted on the North American Dipterists Society website at http://www.nadsdiptera.org/News/FlyTimes/Flyhome.htm. For this issue, I want to again thank all the contributors for sending me such great articles! Feel free to share your opinions or provide ideas on how to improve the newsletter.
    [Show full text]
  • Camillo Rondani O'hara, James E.; Cerretti, Pierfilippo; Pape, Thomas; Evenhuis, Neal L
    Nomenclatural studies toward a world list of Diptera genus-group names. Part II Camillo Rondani O'Hara, James E.; Cerretti, Pierfilippo; Pape, Thomas; Evenhuis, Neal L. Publication date: 2011 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): O'Hara, J. E., Cerretti, P., Pape, T., & Evenhuis, N. L. (2011). Nomenclatural studies toward a world list of Diptera genus-group names. Part II: Camillo Rondani. Magnolia Press. Zootaxa, Vol.. 3141 Download date: 08. apr.. 2020 Zootaxa 3141: 1–268 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) ZOOTAXA 3141 Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names. Part II: Camillo Rondani JAMES E. O’HARA1, PIERFILIPPO CERRETTI2, THOMAS PAPE3 & NEAL L. EVENHUIS4 1. Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada; email: [email protected] 2. Centro Nazionale Biodiversità Forestale “Bosco Fontana”, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via C. Ederle 16/A, 37100 Verona, Italy; email: [email protected] 3. Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; email: [email protected] 4. J. Linsley Gressitt Center for Entomological Research, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817-2704, USA; email: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by D. Bickel: 09 Nov. 2011; published: 23 Dec. 2011 Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names. Part II: Camillo Rondani JAMES E. O’HARA, PIERFILIPPO CERRETTI, THOMAS PAPE & NEAL L.
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Bat Flies - Obligate Ectoparasites of Bats
    11 Bat flies - obligate ectoparasites of bats Carl W. Dick and Bruce D. Patterson 1 Introductory remarks Bat flies (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) are highly specialized ectoparasites and only associate with bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera). They live in the fur and on the wing membranes where they feed on host blood. Bat flies are nominally divided into two cosmopolitan families, Streblidae and Nycteribiidae, but recent phylogenetic studies suggest these are not natural groups (Dittmar et al. 2006). Nycteribiids (275 species) are more speciose in the Eastern Hemisphere, whereas the streblids (227 species) are richer in the Western. Generally, both families are most diverse in the tropics, less diverse in subtropics, and rather impoverished in temperate regions. How- ever, this latitudinal richness gradient is more pronounced in the Western Hemisphere. Mystacinobia zelandica (Mystacinobiidae) has been consid- ered a “bat fly” (Holloway 1976). This fly is a roost associate with and phoretic on the endemic New Zealand bat Mystacina tuberculata. Unlike members of the Nycteribiidae and Streblidae, M. zelandica feeds on guano, not host blood. Molecular analysis places M. tuberculata within the Oes- troidea (Gleeson et al. 2000). This chapter summarizes current understand- ing of the taxonomy, life history, and breeding biology of flies allocated to Streblidae and Nycteribiidae, and offers overviews of morphology, behav- ior, specificity, ecology, and cospeciation in the context of the parasite- host association. 2 Taxonomy Together with the families Hippoboscidae (bird flies, ked flies) and Glossinidae (tsetse flies), bat flies belong to the dipteran superfamily Hip- poboscoidea. This group of “pupiparous” flies represents one of the most derived clades of Diptera (Yeates and Wiegmann 1999), with highly modi- 180 C.
    [Show full text]