The Initiative for NORDIC PUBLIC LIBRARIES 2.0 Was Taken By
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The initiative for NORDIC PUBLIC LIBRARIES 2.0 was taken by • Danish Agency for Libraries and Media • Ministry of Education and Culture in Finland • Norwegian Archive, Library and Museum Authority • Swedish Arts Council NORDIC PUBLIC LIBRARIES The initiative for NORDIC PUBLIC LIBRARIES 2.0 was taken by • Danish Agency for Libraries and Media • Ministry of Education and Culture in Finland • Norwegian Archive, Library and Museum Authority • Swedish Arts Council NORDIC PUBLIC LIBRARIES 2.0 Editor: Jonna Holmgaard Larsen, [email protected] In cooperation with Mats Hansson, Leikny Haga Indergaard, Tertit Knudsen, Jens Thorhauge and Barbro Wigell-Ryynänen Publishing editor: Cecilie Lindegaard Edition closed on 15 January 2010 Published in 2010 by Danish Agency for Libraries and Media H. C. Andersens Boulevard 2 1553 København V Phone + 45 33 73 33 73 E-mail [email protected] Cover photo: Drammen Library, Norway. Torbjørn Tandberg Layout: Stæhr Grafisk, Aarhus Print: CS Grafisk A/S, Aarhus ISBN: 978-87-92681-02-7 Electronic ISBN: 978-87-92681-03-4 CONTENTS PREFACE 5 AGENDA FOR THE NEW LIBRARY 7 WEB SERVICES 13 Citizenship in the Knowledge Society 14 Nordic 2.0 initiatives. A snapshot in autumn 2009 17 Digitalfortalt.no. Cultural memorabilia on the Internet 22 Participation, dialogue and new universes. Library service to children on the net 25 Libraries.fi 30 Electronic services adapted to people with special needs 35 The Library Laboratory 38 Literature dissemination 2.0 40 THE PHYSICAL LIBRARY 43 Library Spaces 45 Oslo, Stockholm, Helsinki and Aarhus. Libraries in urban development 48 Open libraries and self-service 56 Opening the library 59 Garaget – All this and books too 62 From background to centre stage 66 Programme activities in the libraries. The physical library 68 Gaming in the libraries 72 The Demotek. Reshuffling the mindset! 76 THE LIBRARY MOVES WITH THE PEOPLE 79 Libraries wherever there are people 80 Partnerships generate innovative libraries 83 Reading dads as role models: Two outreach projects 88 Entresse Library. A library in running shoes 90 Community Centres. Library advice and informal learning under the same roof 92 Planting seeds of reading in new arenas 95 With you through all of life’s ups and downs 99 Homework support online 103 The locker room librarian: The Maradona of literature dissemination 105 Marketing a public library 109 PREFACE PREFACE All over the world libraries are being challenged by the digital media landscape and by the change in user behavi- our. Public libraries in particular must rethink their role, services and priorities. If we are to believe that information really is at our fingertips, ‘providing access’ may well be replaced by ‘facilitating knowledge’ as the core business of the libraries. And a range of services related to the library as a meeting place, a space for informal learning, cultural activities and events should be created. With the present publication we wish to introduce new public library services based to a great extent on new social technologies and on the idea of including and involving citizens in an active way in line with the overall challenge. What these services have in common is that they have been developed in Nordic public libraries, and they are thus building on a Nordic tradition for public enlightenment. The book is the result of a collaboration between the Nordic public library authorities: Danish Agency for Libraries and Media, Ministry of Education and Culture in Finland, Norwegian Archive, Library and Museum Authority and Swedish Arts Council. The same authorities are also the publishers of Scandinavian Public Library Quarterly. In all our publications we aim at sharing ideas and experiences for the benefit of library development. We invite you to follow further developments in this journal. The present work is published with a view to being presented to the participants at the annual IFLA Conference in Gothenburg in 2010. We hope that this Nordic book will provide enjoyment as well as inspiration. Jens Thorhauge Director General Danish Agency for Libraries and Media 5 Entresse Library, Finland. Photo: Jorma Waldén INTRODUCTION AGENDA FOR THE NEW LIBRARY TOWARDS THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY: THREE WAVES OF CHANGE IN THE MODERN LIBRARY Libraries all over the world have for Nordic studies show that we are talking about a figure of half the decades been working systemati- users of the physical library. There is also a marked growth in the use of web services and digital loans. The third phase of change is cally to exploit and adapt to the in its infancy. Its prerequisite is the break-through of search servi- information technology, because ces such as Google, Youtube, Flickr and many more. The emer- quite early on it became clear that gence of communication and knowledge services like facebook, there were enormous possibilities twitter, wikis and the spread of ratings and tagging are also cen- tral examples of a completely novel media and information in electronically based libraries. landscape. These services demonstrate more clearly than any- thing else the busting of the library’s monopoly of systematic In retrospect we can identify some phases and access to knowledge. They also demonstrate a tendency towards a action lines in this work. An initial phase new relation between information supplier and user, where the could be observed in the 1980s that focused user actively assesses the material, or directly contributes to the on keying in the card catalogues and creating development of a product like in Wikipedia. bibliographic databases which then formed the basis for the development of OPACs. Globalisation and the change of cultural behaviour The waves of change described above are directly associated with The second phase emerged in the 1990s and the library’s products and services and the competition they are the beginning of the new century, and was exposed to from other services. But another and deeper layer of based on the break-through of the Internet anchorage exists which influences the library’s role and services. and the introduction of new digital media. This has to do with the users’ changed needs and conditions as a Here the libraries developed new services such result of the impact of the new technologies in the production as access to electronic journals and web servi- world, the wave of change which we characterize as the transiti- ces like ask-a-librarian, subject portals and on from the industrial society to the information society and glo- many other web-based services which often balisation. remained obscure to many library users. The most important change is the goods production’s indepen- The first two phases have in general been dence of site, which has moved large parts of the industrial pro- handled well by the libraries – and although duction from the Western world to the East, or where the pro- there has been a tendency to a fall-off in the duction is cheapest. This development has led to new societal use of the classic core activity in the public strategies where adaption, innovation, lifelong learning, educati- library: the loan of physical materials, the on and research are central elements. This situation puts pressure general tendency in Nordic public libraries on the public’s potential for change and development in a way has been that to a greater degree patrons have that challenges the library to establish new services. used the libraries in other ways. First and fore- most there is a definite tendency of more and The actual need for new services is emphasized by the general more people using the physical library with- cultural development. Along with the technological changes we out in fact borrowing anything. A number of see very definite changes in the behavioural patterns of people. 7 Some of these changes are described by scholars like daunting, because the consequences tend to be even Anthony Giddens and Zygmunt Bauman in terms like more far-reaching than feared and be joined by a huge ‘flexible modernisation’ (Giddens) and ‘liquid moderni- problem less foreseen: a new illiteracy that to some – ty’ (Bauman). Bauman’s point is that in moving from but only to some – extent can be seen as caused by the ‘solid’ to ‘liquid’ life frames a new and unprecedented multicultural development in all European countries. setting for life conditions confronts the individuals The gap seems to widen and cause social tension. You with a stream of challenges forcing them to constantly might count in other tremendous challenges that call redefine their situation. The fragmentation of modern for social innovation that the library might address life forces people to be flexible and abandon the way of such as the climate change and the need for sustain- thinking and acting that was based on more well ability, the growing urbanisation, the ageing of the known conditions. Bauman’s analysis is parallel to Gid- population and the growth in healthcare costs and dens’ statement that the traditional frames have been many more. replaced with constant choices. This development can be seen as a tremendous challenge to education, life- The library challenge and the Nordic model long learning and general culture. The new cultural Thus the conditions for the libraries and their users trends seem to lead to a lack of identity and a demand have changed radically. There is still a market for tradi- to create new identities, new coherence building on tional library services, but the younger generations find new understandings and interpretations of life contexts. themselves on new platforms and use the library for We might say it has become a more complex and something other than gaining access to information. demanding project to be a citizen in the knowledge From access to enabling could be the description of a society – and the need for knowledge and constantly development tendency.