Accessible Tourism For

Index

Acapulco Document, 175–176 Budget of UNWTO, 311–312 Accessible Tourism, 308 ‘Accessible Tourism for All’, 300 Cadiz City Council, 242 ‘Achille Lauro’,35 Cairo Assembly (1995), 243–244 ‘Achilleion Palace’ in Corfu, 129 Cancun´ legacy Ad hoc Working Group, 234 administrative structure, 224 ‘Ad hoc’ Committee, 43, 66 Assembly resolution, 221 Administrative budget of IUOTO, 72 Budapest Convention, 223 Administrative Committee, 136 Draft Budapest Convention, 221 Adoption of IUOTO, 103 economic and monetary Advisory Council of Affiliate environment, 228 Members, 243 environment, 222 Affiliate Members of UNWTO, 181, human element, 224 281, 286, 315 internal budgetary decentralization, African Travel Commission, 116, 130 227 Alger, Chadwick F., 1 international organizations, 221 Algiers Council session, 287–288 operating costs, 224 Amendment, 111–112 printing and document Ankara Assembly, 114–115 reproduction, 224 Anniversary year (1992), 233 Regional Commissions, 225 Annual Round Table Conference of scarce financial resources, 224 World Travel, 49–50 tourism statistics, 227 Appreciating, 73 UNEP, 222 Approves, 88 Caribbean Tourism Organization Arab Tourism Organization, 295–296 (CTO), 295–296, 306 Arbitrary basis, 198 Central African Customs and Assembly’s Technical Committee, 179 Economic Union Associate Members, 25, 279, 286 (UDEAC), 189 Associate membership, 271 Central Commission for Navigation of Assures, 73 Rhine (CCNR), 1 Austria’s candidate, 187 Centre international d’etudes´ sup´ AVS, 197 erieures de Tourisme (CIEST), 113 Balanced partnership, 263 Centre of Excellence of Destinations, Beijing Assembly, 286 294 Budapest Convention, 223 Challenges of UNWTO, 315 Budapest Convention on Tourist Travel, Charges, 73, 88–89 Visits and Stays, 314 354 Index

Chief Executives Board for Declaration on Facilitation of Tourist Coordination (CEB), 282, Travel, 294 305 Delegates, 144 CIEST training programme, 144, Detailed Financial Provisions, 249 147–148, 157 Diplomatic conference, 206 Cities 2012 Project, 301 Dominican Republic, 191 Climate change, 289 Draft Agreement on Cooperation and Commission communautaire française’ Relations, 135 of the Brussels Capital Draft Budapest Convention, 221–222 Region (COCOF), 268 Draft resolutions, 168 Committee for Budget and Finance Draft Tourism Bill of Rights and (CBF), 136, 140 Tourist Code, 181 Community of Brussels Capital Region Drafting Committee, 106 (COCOF), 254 Dutch National Tourist Ofﬁce, 2–3 Computerization, 235 Conference of Plenipotentiaries, 84, 90, Earth Summit, 233 93 Ecology, 1 Conference on human environment, Economic Commission for Asia and 113 the Far East (ECAFE), Conference Organizing Committee, 32–33 15–16 Economic Commission for Latin Congress, 8 America (ECLAC), 119–120 Constitutional Service of Austrian Economic Committee, 9 Federal Chancellery Economic development, 1 (1955–1976), 195 Economic review of world tourism, Consultative status, 83 112 Consulting Unit on Tourism and Education and training, 222 Biodiversity, 294 Eighth International Congress and Cooperation Agreement, 254–255 19th General Assembly, 36 Cooperation with Economic and Social Elimination of Travel Barriers, 54 Council of UN, 15 Employment, 1 Costa Rica’s candidate, 187 Enhancement, 111–112 Council’s deliberations, 153 Enr´ıquez, Antonio, 247, 264 Council’s Spring Session, 206 Environment of UNWTO, 314 Credentials Committee, 70, 93, 106 Establishment of IUOTO, 103 Czech delegation, 5 Ethics of UNWTO, 313 European Single Currency, 311 Darphane Complex (Ottoman Imperial European Tourist Organization, 20 Mint), 129 European Travel Commission (ETC), Decade for Tourism Development in 27, 33, 295–296 Africa 2000–2010, 254 European Travel Market Survey, Decentralization of Organization’s 56–58 Activities, 171 Executive Committee, 30–31, 43, 45, Decision-making processes, 118 65, 77, 85, 101–102, 107 Index 355

Executive Council, 148–149, 156, 176, General Assembly, 88 181, 196, 203 in Italy, 35 Exploratory Committee, 23 resolution, 164 EXPO’98, 251 of United Nations, 277 External entities of UNWTO, 315–316 Geographical distribution, 286 Extraordinary Assembly session, 109 Global Code of Ethics, 258, 299, 308 Extraordinary General Assembly of for Tourism, 253, 255–256, 280 IUOTO, 105–106 Global Code of Tourism Ethics and Committee, 177 Facilitation Committee, 222 Global Leaders for Tourism Facilitation of UNWTO, 70, 211–212, Campaign, 300 314 Global Report on Aviation, 301 Federal Republic of Germany, 95 Global Report on Food Tourism, 301 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 237 Grant Agreement, 274 Finance Great War, 2 technical assistance, 200–201 Greece, 129 of UNWTO, 181, 311–312 Gulf crisis, 228 First International Conference on Climate Change and High-Level Committee on Tourism, 267–268 Management (HLCM), First World War. See Great War 277 Flemish Community of Belgium, 250 High-Level Committee on Food and Agriculture Organization Programmes (HLCP), 277 (FAO), 304–305 Human element, 224 Formalism, 84 Human environment, 114 Framework Agreement, 238 Frangialli, Francesco, 247–250, 261, Indonesia’s tourism industry, 280 263, 265, 285, 293 Inﬂation, 1 Algiers Council session, 287–288 Inter-American Development Bank international organization, 286–287 (IDB), 119–120 public–private partnership, 286 Inter-Parliamentary Conference on UN Specialized Agency, 285 Tourism, 210, 212–213, 215, UNWTO Full Members, 286 242 world tourism industry, 288 Intergovernmental Conference on Free Movement of Tourists, 15 Tourism, 93, 99 French-Hispanic-Portuguese Intergovernmental organization, 1, 84, Federation for tourism, 1 119–120, 164 Frontier formalities, 53 Intergovernmental status, advantages Full members, 25 and disadvantages of, 83 Future of the Organization, 252, Internal budgetary decentralization, 266–267 227 International Air Transport General Agreement on Tariffs and Association (IATA), 56, Trade (GATT), 200, 278 295–296 356 Index

International Association of Scientific International governmental Experts in Tourism organizations growth, 1 (AIEST), 60 International Hotel and Restaurant International Bank for Reconstruction Association (IHRA), and Development (IBRD), 295–296 105–106 International Hotel Association (IHA), International Centre for Advanced 31–33 Tourism Studies, 134 International Institute for Human International Centre for Responsible Rights, 195 Tourism, 223 International Institute of Tourist International Civil Aviation Research, 32 Organization (ICAO), 22, International Labour Office (ILO), 26, 79, 111, 189, 212 113, 189, 200 International Civil Service International Maritime Consultative Commission (ICSC), 297 Organization (IMCO), International competition, 47 61 International Conference of National International Maritime Organization Tourist Organizations (IMO), 189, 304–305 (1947), 25 International organizations, 30 International Conference on Tourism International Public Sector Accounting and Air Transport, 149 Standards (IPSAS), 297, International Conference on Tourism 311–312 Satellite Account, 282–283 International Touring Alliance (AIT), International Conference on Tourism 60 Statistics (1990), 215, 222 International Tourism Organization, International Conference on Travel 94, 97–98 and Tourism Statistics, 225, International tourist traffic, 10 227 International Tourist Year (ITY), 82, International Conference on Youth 85 Tourism, 204, 215, 222, 226 International Travel Research Institute International Congress of Official (ITRI), 36, 42 Associations of Propaganda, International Travel Statistics, 27, 34, 3 39, 67 International Congress of Official International Travel Union, 56–57 Tourist Organizations, 5–6 International Union for Conservation International Federation of Tour of Nature (IUCN), 62, 81 Operators (IFTO), 295–296 International Union of Official International Federation of Travel Tourism Organizations Agents (IFTA), 31–32 (IUOTO), 2, 15–16, 24, 36, International Forum for 71, 75, 83, 185–186, 254, Parliamentarians and Local 256–257, 264, 271–272, 295 Authorities: Tourism Policy, 12th International Congress and 267 General Assembly, 49 Index 357

13th International Conference and travel and tourism, 1 General Assembly, 53–54 UNCTAD, 112 14th General Assembly, 57 UNDP, 117 16th General Assembly, 62 World Tourism Organization, 4, 19th General Assembly, 79 114, 116 22nd General Assembly, 111 International Year of Ecotourism, ACC, 117 258–259 Administrative Budget, 47 Intourist,40 African Travel Commission, 116 Invites, 89 Ankara Assembly, 114 Irish Tourist Board, 127 CCNR, 1 Italian Association for Tourist CIEST, 113 Medicine, 221–222 decision-making processes, 118 Italian Government, 142 ECLAC, 119–120 Italian National Tourism Economic Committee, 9 Administration, 18 Eighth International Congress and Italian National Tourism Office. See 19th General Assembly, 36 Italian Official Tourism Extraordinary General Assembly of Administration (ENIT) IUOTO, 105–106 Italian Official Tourism financial situation, 77 Administration (ENIT), 8, French-Hispanic-Portuguese 236 Federation for tourism, 1 General Assembly, 107 Joint Headquarters Committee, 299 intergovernmental organizations, 119–120 Kenya’s Ministry of Tourism and International Congress of Official Wildlife, 128 Tourist Organizations, 5–6 international tourist boom, 2 League’s committee of statistical IUOTO-CIEST, 113 experts, 11 liquidation, 13 Least developed countries (LDCs), Ninth International Congress and 264, 265 20th General Assembly, 38 Legal Committee, 106 personalities, 59 Liquidation, 13 review of activities of, 12 Liquidation Unit, 136–137 semi-official organizations of Lively public–private partnership, 250 touristic propaganda, 8 Lonati, Robert C. (IUOTO Secretar- Seventh International Congress and y-General), 47–48, 50, 18th General Assembly, 35 61–62, 65 Sixth International Congress and London Conference, 15 17th General Assembly, London County Council (1922), 15 32–33 sustainability, 113 Madrid, 139 TCPC, 117 organization’s arrival in, 152 Technical Commissions, 102–103 Mainz Convention, 1 358 Index

Manila World Tourism Conference One Assessment, Nine Major (1980), 168–169, 175 Challenges, 261 Medium-sized enterprises, 163 Open Letter on Travel and Tourism, Membership of the World Tourism 300, 304 Organization, 134 Open Letter’ initiative, 303 Memorandum, 83–84, 86 Operational Programmes, 296 Memorandum of Understanding and Organisation for Economic Cooperation, 254 Co-operation and Mexican delegation, 154 Development (OECD), 79, Middle East Regional Travel 189 Commission, 131 Organisation for European Economic Millennium Development Goals Co-operation (OEEC), 33, (MDGs), 288 49 Minister of Education of the Organization, 251, 253–254, 256–258, Philippines, 57 261, 269 Montreal´ Council session, 236 Affiliate membership, 295–296 Morin, François (Office of Secretary- financial resources, 180 general), 29 influence with private and assembly confirmation, 30 associative sector, 261 IUOTO, 42 rules, 235 Moroccan Ministry of Tourism, technical cooperation, 235 248–249 visibility, 261 Morocco’s candidate, 187 Organization of American States Munich General Assembly, 66 (OAS), 105–106 Mutatis mutandis, 273–274 Oslo Conference, 30

National pension scheme, 197 Pacific Area Travel Association. See National tourism administrations, 178 Pacific Asia Travel National Tourist Offices. See Semi- Association (PATA) official organizations of Pacific Asia Travel Association touristic propaganda (PATA), 41, 58, 67, 76–77, National Travel Association of 82, 128, 295–296, 306 Norway, 17–18 PATA-IUOTO Liaison Committee, New International Economic Order 68 (NIEO), 147 Pacific-Asia region, 168 Nigeria’s candidate, 187 Pahr, Willibald, 195 Ninth International Congress and 20th Assembly resolution, 204 General Assembly, 38 average contributions, 205 committee on budget and finance, Observer status, 83 200 Official Development Assistance dissatisfaction with staff health (ODA), 302, 304 insurance, 197 OMC, 278 education and training, 212 OMT, 278 facilitation, 211–212 Index 359

GATT, 200 Post-war reconstruction, 15 ILO, 200 Prado Museum, 195 Organization Chart, 201 Printing and document reproduction, organization’s permanent 224 representatives, 195–196 Private Sector Commitment to Global personnel management in Code of Ethics, 303 international organizations, Private-sector tour operators, 2 196 Programme and Budget Committee, phantom budget, 208 299 PLO, 202 Public–private partnership, 261, 263, staff health and pension schemes, 286 201 statistics, documentation and Quebec World Ecotourism Summit, finance, 198 267 technical cooperation, 211 tourism sector, 195 Recommends, 89 UNJSPF, 203 Regional Commissions, 29–30, work-programme, 214 143–144 World Tourism Organization, 196 for Tourism in Europe, 130–131 WTIEC, 207 Regional Distribution, 130–131 Palacio de Congresos, 150 Regional Programmes, 296 ‘Palacio de Congresos y Exposiciones’, Regional Secretariat of Affiliate 128 Members, 242 Palazzo dei Congressi, 69 Regional Support Office for Asia and Palestine, 221 the Pacific, 294 Palestine Liberation Organization Regional Travel Commission for (PLO), 161, 202 Americas, 130–131 Panamanian Institute of Tourism, 124 Report on the European Tourist Paris Assembly, 226 Industry and European Parliamentary conference on tourism, Recovery 1948–1951, 28 206 Requests, 73 Patronato Municipal de Turismo de Research Officer. See Technical Madrid, 221 Assistant Permanent Secretariat of the World Resolution IUOTO, 21–22 Committee on Tourism Revitalization, 244–245 Ethics, 294 Rifai, Taleb, 293–294 Phantom budget, 208 Rio120 Conference, 304 Philippines, 129 Roadmap for Recovery, 298–299 Phuket Action Plan, 280 Rome Assembly, 170 Polarization, 224 Rome Conference, 68, 71, 76–77 Pope John Paul II, 176–177 follow-up to, 75 Portugal’s candidate, 187 ‘Poslovni Toranj’ (Business Tower), Satellite Account, 272–273 129 360 Index

Savignac, Antonio Enr´ıquez, 245, privileged Member’, 170–171 270–271 Spanish delegate, 179 Scarce financial resources, 224 Spanish delegation, 281 Second International Conference of Spanish Government, 151–152 National Travel Spanish National Tourism Association Organizations, 25 (1929), 7 Second World War, 5 Special Committee, 106 Secretary of Tourism Action Special relationship between UNWTO Committee of Latin and WTTC, 299 American Economic System Staff health and pension schemes, (SELA), 187 201 Secretary-General, 141–142, 145, 149, Staff of UNWTO, 314–315 186, 189, 241, 250, 255, 257, Study Commission on Currency 297 Problems, 26 Communication, 199 Study Commission on European Security and protection, 202, 211 Post-War Recovery, 26 Semi-official organizations of touristic Study Commission on International propaganda, 8 Travel Statistics, 26 Senior Management Team (SMT), 297 Study Commission on Passports, Visas Seventh International Congress and and Frontier Formalities, 26 18th General Assembly, 35 Study Commission on Social Tourism, Severe acute respiratory syndrome 26 (SARS), 270–271 Study Commission on Transport Seville Expo’92, 234 USA-Europe, 26 Silk Road Secretariat, 294 Support Programmes, 296 Sixth International Congress and 17th Sustainability of UNWTO, 113, 314 General Assembly, 32–33 Sustainable Development Goals, 305 Sizeable surplus, 253 Sustainable Tourism Development- Small-sized enterprises, 163 Poverty Alleviation, 303 Social and economic framework, 162 Sustainable Tourism–Elimination of Social legislation, 162 Poverty (ST-EP), 295–296, Socialism, 147 313 Societ´ e´ Immobiliere´ et Touristique des Foundation, 279, 294, 303 Départements d’Outre-Mer Swiss Bank Corporation (SBS), 45 (SITO), 71–72 Swiss Federal Council, 18 Socio-economic phenomenon, 162 Syrian Arab Republic, 192 Sofia conclusions, 101 Sofia Conference, 91 Technical Assistant, 60 Sofia Intergovernmental Conference, Technical Commission on 107 Development, 81 South Asian Regional Travel Technical Commission on Facilitation, Commission, 130 81 Soviet republics, 237 Technical Commission on Promotion, Spain, 128 81 Index 361

Technical Commission on Research, Tunisia’s candidate, 187 80–81 Turkey, 129 Technical Committee for Programme and Coordination (TCPC), UN Administrative Committee on 102–103, 117, 136, 140, Coordination (ACC), 117 142–144, 253 UN Conference on International Technical Cooperation of UNWTO, Travel and Tourism, 75, 80 313–314 UN-Water, 304–305 Technical Study Commissions, 29–30 UNESCO, 189, 314 Technical Substantive Commissions, UNICEF, 243 34 Union internationale des Organismes Tenth anniversary and winds of officiels de Propagande change, 185 touristique,21 Termination of IUOTO, 103 United Arab Republic, 96 Terrorism, 290 United Nations Themis Foundation, 294 Organization, 17 Third United Nations Conference, UNWTO relations with, 313 264–265 United Nations Conference on Tokyo General Assembly, 106 International Travel and ‘Touriscope’, 145 Tourism, 70–71, 166 Tourism, 4, 16, 30, 54, 84, 87, 116, 130, United Nations Conference on Trade 175, 316 and Development decisive and central role in, 277 (UNCTAD), 75–76, 79, 112 organizations, 7 United Nations Development promotional budgets, 112 Programme (UNDP), role, 162 97–98, 101, 117, 147, 179, statistics, 227 185, 189, 190, 200–201 ‘Tourism, Passport to Peace’,82 United Nations Economic and Social Tourism Bill of Rights and Tourist Commission for Asia and Code, 157, 252 Pacific (ESCAP), 181 ‘Tourism Passport to Peace’,87 United Nations Economic and Social Tourism Recovery Committee, 267 Council (ECOSOC), 26–27, Tourism Satellite Account, 262 53–54, 73, 90, 96, 99, 104, Tourist 122, 268–270, 272–273, 282 pollution, 113 committee for programme and propaganda material, 17–18 coordination, 115 for statistical purposes, 70 United Nations Environment traffic, 9 Programme (UNEP), 222, ‘Tourist Documentation Centre’,59 314 Trade, 1 United Nations Joint Staff Pension organization, 278 Fund (UNJSPF), 4, 197, Travel Abroad-Frontier Formalities,44 203, 241, 278 Travel and tourism, 1 United Nations Specialized Agency, Travel Research Seminar, 67 197, 282, 285, 311 362 Index

United Nations Statistical Visibility of UNWTO, 311 Commission, 236 ‘Visitor’ for statistical purposes, 70 United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), 4, Washington D. C. Assembly (1957), 53, 109, 114, 118, 147, 149, 51 153, 196, 242, 249, 251, 256, White Paper, 247–248, 250, 295, 298, 263, 265, 270, 272–273, 281, 306 286, 293, 294, 297, 301, 304, White Paper Implementation, 306 311 Working agreements, 238, 239 Affiliate Members, 251 Working Capital Fund, 165, 205 affiliate members, 315 Working Group, 255 Bill of Rights and Tourist Code, 243 World Bank, 111 budget and finance, 311–312 World Committee on Tourism Ethics, Business Council, 251 255, 278–279, 303, 308 challenges, 315 World Conference of National Tourist contingent of professional staff, 302 Organizations, 15, 22 ECOSOC, 282 Free Movement of Tourists, 15 environment and sustainability, 314 IUOTO, 15–16 ethics, 313 London County Council (1922), external entities, 315–316 15 facilitation, 314 tourist propaganda material, GATT, 278 17–18 Headquarters, 146 World Conference on Tourism, 145 Indonesia’s tourism industry, 280 World Ecotourism Summit, 258–259 international organizations, 279 World Employment Programme, 113 new thinking, new outcomes, 313 World Health Organization (WHO), relations with united nations, 313 304–305 ST-EP Foundation, 279 World Health Passport, 50 staff, 314–315 World Intellectual Property Staff Association, 299 Organization, 299 Statutes, 105, 107–108 World Meteorological Organization technical cooperation, 313–314 (WMO), 85–86, 239 travel advisories, 277 World Summit on Sustainable United Nations Joint Staff Pension Development, 269, 275 Fund, 278 World tourism, 262 visibility, 311 World Tourism Conference (WTC), United States Travel and Tourism 145, 148, 151, 154, 161, Administration (USTTA), 195–196 244 contemporary tourism, 165 Universal Exposition of Seville, 233 draft resolutions, 168 Universality, 107–108 General Assembly resolution, 164 principle of, 98 intergovernmental organization, 166 Varna meeting, 78 PLO, 161 Index 363

Spain’s ‘privileged Member’, World Tourism Organization (WTO). 170–171 See United Nations World statistical information, 171 Tourism Organization Working Capital Fund, 165 (UNWTO) World Tourism Day, 116, 122, 155 World Travel and Tourism Council World tourism industry, 288 (WTTC), 251, 269, 295–296, World Tourism Information 301, 306, 311 Exchange Centre (WTIEC), World Travel Market in London 207, 212 (2007), 287–288 World Tourism Meeting, 175–176 World Travel Review, 37 Acapulco Document, 175 World Travel-Tourisme Mondiale, 56, Assembly resolution, 178–179 202 ﬁnance, 181 organization role of arbiter, 177 Young & Rubicam Inc. (US-based social conditions and legislative advertising agency), 68 framework, 175 Yugoslavia, 129 tourism, 175 travel facilitation, 176 Zurich¨ agenda, 11 UNDP, 179