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Gaziantep İli Sınırları İçindeki Fırat Ve Asi Havzası Akarsuları Balık Faunası

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Gaziantep İli Sınırları İçindeki Fırat Ve Asi Havzası Akarsuları Balık Faunası Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 4 (2): 29-34, 2011 ISSN: 1308-3961, E-ISSN: 1308-0261, www.nobel.gen.tr Gaziantep İli Sınırları İçindeki Fırat ve Asi Havzası Akarsuları Balık Faunası Sevil BİRECİKLİGİL Erdoğan ÇİÇEK Nevşehir Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, NEVŞEHİR *Sorumlu Yazar Geliş Tarihi : 03 Mayıs 2011 [email protected] Kabul Tarihi : 05 Temmuz 2011 Özet Bu çalışma Ocak-Aralık 2008 tarihleri arasında Gaziantep ili tatlı su balık faunasını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gaziantep ili sınırları içerisinde, Fırat ve Asi nehir havzası ile bağlantısı bulunan tatlı sulardan elde edilen balık örneklerinin sistematik açıdan incelenmesi sonucunda 9 familyaya ait 36 tür tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen tür sayısı dikkate alındığında Gaziantep ilinin tatlı su balık faunası bakımından zengin olduğu iddia edilebilir. Bu zenginliğin il sınırları içerisindeki akarsuların iki farklı su havzasının (Fırat ve Asi havzaları) etkisi altında olmasından kaynaklandığı iddia edilebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Gaziantep, tatlı su balıkları, Fırat Havzası, Asi Havzası Freshwater Fish Fauna of the Rivers Flow to Euphrates and Orontes Rivers in Gaziantep Abstract This study was carried out from January to December 2008 in order to determine the freshwater fish fauna of Gaziantep. A total of 36 fish species were determined belonging to 9 families in Gaziantep water bodies linked with Euphrates and Orontis rivers basins. As a result, it can be claim Gaziantep has a rich species diversity for the freshwater fish fauna. Reason of rich species diversity can be explain by Gaziantep freshwater affected by both Orontes and river basin. Keywords: Gaziantep, fresh water fishes, River GİRİŞ belirlemeye yönelik olarak da yapılmıştır. Belli bir il/bölge veya coğrafyadaki balıkların dağılımı ile ilgili çalışmalar ise oldukça Tatlı sular biyolojik ve ekolojik yönden büyük öneme sahip sınırlıdır [8,28-30]. olan doğal kaynaklardır. Bu doğal kaynaklardaki biyolojik Kuru [31], Türkiye İç Su Balıklarının Son Sistematik çeşitliliğin korunması ve devamlılığının sağlanması açısından Durumu adlı çalışmasında, bugüne kadar Türkiye iç sularında bu ortamlarda yaşayan canlı türlerinin tespit edilmesi büyük 26 familyaya ait 236 tür ve alt türün yaşadığını bildirmektedir. önem taşımaktadır [1]. Ancak son yayınlanan yeni kayıt bildirimleri ile bu sayı artmaya Batılı ülkelerde bu yöndeki çalışmaların geçmişi çok devam etmektedir [15,16,18,32-34] eskilere dayanırken, Türkiye’de tatlı su balıkları ile ilgili Bu çalışma ile daha önce çalışılmamış olan Gaziantep ili ilk kayıt Abbolt [2] tarafından verilmiştir [3]. Takip eden akarsuları balık faunasının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. yıllarda verilen kayıtlarının tamamı Türkiye’yi ziyaret eden yabancı araştırıcıların toplayıp götürdükleri müze örneklerine MATERYAL VE METOT dayanmaktadır. 1940’lı yıllardan itibaren Türk bilim insanlarınca da bu tür çalışmalar yapılmaya başlanmıştır [4-10]. Gaziantep ili Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi içerisinde, 36° Ancak Türkiye’den yeni tür veya ilk tür kayıtları, son yıllarda 28’ ve 38° 01’ doğu boylamları ve 36° 38’ ve 37° 32’ kuzey enlem dahi, çoğu kez yabancı bilim adamları tarafından yapılıyor dereceleri arasında yer almakta olup; ilin büyük bir kısmında olması da dikkat çekici bir durumdur [11-18]. Bu durumun yarı kurak Akdeniz iklimi hakimken, Islahiye ve Nurdağı böyle devam etmesinin en büyük sebebi, sahip olduğumuz su ilçelerinde ise az yağışlı Akdeniz iklimi hüküm sürmektedir. kaynakları ile ilgili detaylı ve tarama şeklinde çalışmaların Ancak Gaziantep ili İç ve Doğu Anadolu’dan sarkan soğuk hava yetersizliği gösterilebilir. akımlarının etkisine de maruz kalabilmektedir [35]. Son yıllarda çok sayıda üniversite, enstitü ve araştırma Örnekleme çalışmaları Temmuz-Aralık 2008 tarihleri kurumuna mensup araştırıcılar tarafından balıklar ile ilgili arasında, Gaziantep ili sınırları içerisinde yer alan akarsularda çalışmalar yürütülmüş ve yürütülmeye devam etmektedir. yürütülmüştür. Ancak, örnekleme imkanlarının el vermemesi Bu çalışmalar belli bir türün biyo-ekolojik özellikleri, nedeniyle, Şanlıurfa-Gaziantep il sınırları arasında yer alan popülasyon dinamiği parametreleri vb konularda olabildiği Türkiye’nin en büyük akarsuyu olan Fırat Nehri çalışma dışı gibi, belli bir akarsu/akarsu havzası [19-27] balık faunasını tutulmuştur. Gaziantep ilinin başlıca akarsuları olan Karasu 30 S. Birecikligil ve E. Çiçek / Bibad, 4 (2): 29-34,, 2011 Deresi (Araban), Merzimen Deresi (Yavuzeli), Nizip Çayı Laboratuarda saklanan örneklerin tür tayinlerinin yapılması (Nizip), Afrin Çayı (Şahinbey-Nurdağı) ve Karaçay Deresi amacıyla örnekler plastik küvetler içerisine alındıktan sonra, (Islahiye) ile söz konusu derelere dökülen küçük akarsu 1 saat süre ile yavaş akışlı su altında bekletilmiştir. Balıkların kollarında yürütülmüştür. Örnekleme istasyonlarına ait GPS tür tayinlerinin yapılması sırasında yararlanılacak olan bazı koordinatları şu şekildedir: 37o28΄06,9΄΄N/37o36΄57,2΄΄E; morfometrik ve meristik özellikler belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan 37o24΄22,5΄΄N/37o31΄49,1΄΄E; 37o22΄35,9΄΄N/37o29΄22,5΄΄E; total boy (TB), çatal boy (ÇB), standart boy (SB) 0.1cm o o o o 37 25΄78,9΄΄N/37 37΄81,7΄΄E; 36 49΄25,4΄΄N/37 33΄19,6΄΄E; hassasiyetle ölçüm tahtası ve baş uzunluğu (BU), vücut o o o o 37 24΄42,5΄΄N/37 51΄23,8΄΄E; 37 17΄71,2΄΄N/37 30΄84,7΄΄E; yüksekliği (VY), göz çapı (GÇ) 0,01 mm hassasiyetle elektronik o o o o 37 19΄27,3΄΄N/37 29΄37,2΄΄E; 37 17΄71,2΄΄N/37 30΄84,7΄΄E; kumpas kullanılarak ölçülmüş, meristik karakterler (Dorsal 37o16΄53,2΄΄N/37o31΄78,1΄΄E; 37o19΄02,1΄΄N/37o43΄34,7΄΄E; o o o o (D), pektoral (P), ventral (V), anal (A) ve kaudal (C) yüzgeç 37 17΄49,3΄΄N/37 34΄38,3΄΄E; 37 19΄53,1΄΄N/37 38΄68,7΄΄E; ışın sayıları, solungaç dikenleri sayısı, yanal çizgi pul sayısı, 37o02΄16,2΄΄N/36o52΄11,1΄΄E; 37o00΄24,8΄΄N/36o52΄40,5΄΄E; farinks dişi sıra ve sayısı ise masa tipi ışıklı büyüteç ve ihtiyaç 37o09΄02,0΄΄N/37o42΄01,8΄΄E; 37o07΄12,6΄΄N/37o44΄29,3΄΄E; duyulduğunda stereo mikroskoptan yararlanılarak sayılmıştır. 37o04΄24,5΄΄N/37o45΄24,6΄΄E; 36o57΄29,3΄΄N/37o53΄47,3΄΄E; 37o05΄46,1΄΄N/37o10΄32,2΄΄E; 36o59΄28,8΄΄N/36o33΄28,3΄΄E; Bazı türlerde bu yüzgeçlere ilaveten kuyruk yüzgecindeki ışın 36o54΄21,5΄΄N/36o44΄44,3΄΄E; 36o56΄30,0΄΄N/36o39΄13,0΄΄E; sayıları da belirlenmiştir. Yüzgeçlerdeki sert ışın sayıları roma 36o51΄20,0΄΄N/36o41΄14,2΄΄E; 36o52΄56,3΄΄N/36o42΄34,6΄΄E; rakamı ile gösterilmiştir. 37o38΄02,7΄΄N/36o52΄60,8΄΄E; 37o38΄02,7΄΄N/36o52΄60,8΄΄E. Tür tayinleri morfometrik ve meristik özellikleri göz Örnekleme çalışmalarında, başta elektroşoker (SAMUS 725MP) önünde bulundurularak tayin anahtarları kullanılarak yapılmıştır olmak üzere, serpme (6 kg kurşunlu) ve ığrıp (tül örtü torbalı) [3,9,10,36-38]. Ancak söz konusu tayin anahtarları ile sonuca gibi av araçları kullanılmıştır. Avlanan balıklar bekletilmeden, ulaşılamadığı durumlarda daha önce tür tanımlamalarının içerisinde % 4 lük formaldehit bulunan 5 lt’lik plastik bidonlar yapıldığı yayınlardan yararlanılmıştır [32,39-43]. Türlere ait içerisine konularak tespit edilmiş ve laboratuar çalışmaları sinonimlerle ilgili bilgiler ise Eschmeyer [44]’den alınmıştır. yapılıncaya kadar bu bidonlar içerisinde saklanmıştır. Çizelge 1. Elde edilen türlere ilişkin bazı metrik özelliklerin birbirlerine göre oranları (±: standart sapmayı ve parantez içindeki değerler değişim aralığını göstermektedir) Türler n TB/BU ÇB/BU SB/BU BU/VY BU/GÇ Acanthobrama marmid 2 4,51±0,04 (4,48-4,54) 4,01±0,06 (3,97-4,06) 3,71±0,06 (3,66-3,76) 1,07±0,12 (0,98-1,15) 3,73±0,55 (3,34-4,13) Alburnoides bipunctatus 2 4,55±0,21 (4,39-4,70) 4,03±0,07 (3,98-4,08) 3,58±0,01 (3,57-3,59) 1,09±0,04 (1,05-1,12) 2,90±0,23 (2,73-3,06) Alburnus caeruleus 16 4,58±0,14 (4,38-5,13) 4,11±0,11 (3,95-4,58) 3,72±0,18 (3,45-4,14) 1,04±0,05 (0,97-1,22) 2,73±0,23 (2,40-3,07) Alburnus qalilus 29 4,57±0,50 (4,21-5,18) 4,32±0,50 (3,91-4,68) 3,82±0,33 (3,47-4,18) 1,24±0,03 (1,02-1,34) 3,46±0,96 (2,78-4,14) Alburnus mossulensis 6 5,34±0,16 (4,95-5,46) 4,83±0,13 (4,46-4,93) 4,43±0,09 (4,06-4,50) 1,14±0,24 (0,96-1,55) 3,23±0,80 (2,66-3,81) Alburnus adanensis 30 4,96±0,08 (4,65-5,28) 4,42±0,04 (4,18-4,67) 4,11±0,02 (3,86-4,37) 1,23±0,08 (1,07-1,38) 3,19±0,65 (2,72-3,65) Alburnus sellal 16 4,78±0,33 (4,55-5,26) 4,41±0,11 (4,18-4,70) 3,96±0,20 (3,81-4,31) 1,10±0,12 (0,88-1,20) 2,73±0,46 (2,40-3,06) Barbus lacerta 6 4,36±0,08 (4,25-4,69) 4,14±0,08 (3,98-4,38) 3,76±0,03 (3,60-4,01) 1,36±0,01 (1,22-1,38) 5,29±1,39 (4,30-6,27) Barbus rajanorum 5 4,35±0.29 (4.14-4.79) 3,83±0.19 (3.70-4.22) 3,53±0.21 (3.38-3.82) 1,12±0.07 (1.05-1.18) 3,90±1.31 (2.97-4.83) Capoeta barroisi 23 5,02±0.24 (4.35-5.78) 4,67±0.12 (4.19-4.99) 4,23±0.11 (3.80-4.55) 0,93±0.13 (0.80-1.07) 2,95±0.68 (2.47-4.64) Capoeta damascina 43 5,67±0.25 (4.68-5.85) 4,65±0.97 (4.29-5.04) 4,30±0.44 (3.89-4.64) 1,07±0.36 (0.87-1.27) 4,06±0.28 (3.26-5.75) Carasobarbus luteus 11 4,36±0.26 (3.85-4.80) 3,94±0.20 (3.53-4.37) 3,61±0.16 (3.08-4.04) 0,98±0.16 (0.82-1.16) 3,54±0.87 (2.92-4.17) Cyprinion macrostomum 26 5,05±0.13 (4.68-5.55) 4,45±0.35 (4.18-4.99) 3,84±0.56 (3.44-4.47) 0,87±0.06 (0.73-0.93) 3,96±0.69 (3.33-4.61) Cyprinus carpio 2 3,82±0.18 (3.69-3.94) 3,50±0.16 (3.38-3.62) 3,15±0.17 (3.02-3.27) 0,76±0.07 (0.71-0.81) 5,61±0.32 (5.37-5.84) Garra rufa 9 6,02±0.17 (5.07-6.16) 5,12±0.01 (4.97-5.29) 4,72±0.15 (4.51-4.88) 1,04±0.09 (0.98-1.11) 4,15±0.07 (3.26-4.83) Garra variabilis 10 6,22±0.65 (4.68-6.69) 5,13±0.39 (4.58-5.41) 4,64±0.34 (4.21-4.89) 1,02±0.14 (0.92-1.12) 3,58±0.67 (2.86-4.84) Pseudophoxinus kervillei 2 4,20±0.01 (4.19-4.21) 3,92±0.11 (3.84-4.00)
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