PAPF~HS AND P1WCEED1NGS OF' 'fIlN ROYAL SOCIETY OF rliASMANIA, VO,LUME Hi SONGS OF THE TASMANIAN ABORIGINES AS RECORDED BY MRS. FANNY COCHRANE SMITH By

MUHRAY J. LONGMAN. Tasmanian Museurn, , .

(with two plates)

ABSTRACT Edison machine turned very slowly the sapphire Wax cylinders recorded by Mrs. F'anny Cochrane tip was guided through the soft wax surface ,,0 Smith in 1899 and 1903 were re-recorded using make a continuous groove about the record, The modern techniques. first few words of the wax recording were playeJ at what was judged to be the correct speed and This enabled re-interpretation and translation of then any necessary adjustments to the speed were the aboriginal spring and corroboree songs to he made. made and details of the introductory speeches members of the Royal Society of Tasmania to Finally the whole cylinder was played and heard with reasonable clarity. recorded on tape, note being made of any particu­ larly bad sections and repetitions, which were A brief historical note on Mrs. Fanny Cochrane improved if possible before the second playing by Smith is included. realigning the pieces of the record, and refilling the cracks with soft wax. After the second copy had been taken the pieces INTR,ODUCTION were removed from the Edison machine in the These unique recordings of the Tasmanian reverse order of assembly. The pieces were slowly language were made in the years 1899 and 1903 edged apart and finally pulled away from the by Mrs. F'anny Smith, who claimed to be the last machine. This task was made easier by the fact of the Tasmanian aborigines. The wax cylinders that the contact cement was not yet firmly set. were stored in the Tasmanian Museum and Being of a rubber base, it stretched and broke and although re-recordings were made in 1909 by the small pieces of adhering rubber were removed Horace Watson and again in 1948 for the Hobart from the record. By this method, all the broken meeting of A.N.Z.A.A.S., the cylinders have been cylinders were re-recorded and no new breakages neglected and no details of the contents published. occurred. With practice the whole assembly and The 1948 attempts at re-recording were not recording of the broken cylinders took a:bout one completely successful and it was decided that to one and a half hours, recently developed techniques should be tried in As it was impossible to obtain an electric pickup an effort to improve the clarity of the originals. for the Edison machine, acoustic methods had to be used for recording these cylinders. A high quality magnetic microphone was placed directly R,ECORDING TECHNIQUE in front of the Edison horn and the output from The equipment used to re-record these cylinders this microphone was fed toa pre-amplifier which consisted of an Edison Phonograph with concert contained a noise limiting circuit, treble cut filter horn, and a high fidelity amplifier operated in and bass cut filter. conjunction with a tape recorder. Two copies were The noise limiting circuit helped considerably made from each cylinder. in reducing the clatter caused by the cracks and As several cylinders were broken, these had to scratches in the record, which were of a much be repaired before they could be recorded. The higher level than the actual voices. Tests were pieces were arranged roughly in order on paper, carried out with the treble cut filter to determine then transferred and attached with an adhesive the optimum upper frequency limit for recording. substance to the metal cylinder of the Edison In this case it was found to be 5,000 cycles pel' Machine. It was found that the most suitable second at which value some of the surface noise was eliminated but the voice was not materially adhesive material was "Bear" Contact Cemen~, This is a rubber base cement which dries fairly affected. slowiy and sticks firmly to both the wax cylinder The bass cut filter, which was eventually set at and the metal phonograph cylinder. Alignment 300 cycles per second and left in that position for of the wax pieces on the Edison metal cylinder, all the recordings, helped remove some of the was accomplished with the aid of a magnifying mechanical noise from the machine. lens. The modified output from the preamplifier was The largest cracks in the wax cylinder and the fed to a high fidelity amplifier (distortion less than holes where small fragments were missing were 0'5'/c at full output) connected to a magnetic tape filled with a soft beeswax mixture which was recorder operating at 15" per second. One tape levelled with the original surface. While the copy was kept as a spare and stored away; the

79 80 SONGS OF THE TASMANIAN ABORIGINES other was used to make additional tapes at 71" Fanny Smith now sings a version of the and 3!f" per second, which were used in the inter­ "Corroboree Song ". pretation of the words. " Papeia renc nuena nc rene ne papela ne rene Acetate playback discs, made from the tapes, nuena nc rene found only limited use in the interpretation of the Liiga menxa lea original cylinders as they were more inconvenient T6ka menxa menxa lea to handle than the tape recordings. T6ka Inenxa menxa lea T6ka menxa mira pewyla pala mira pewyJa Although the techniques used improved the palawa clarity of the original cylinders the final products NIna nara pewyla pala nara pewyla were still very poor because of the bad conditions Palawa. palawa ". of the originals. This was caused by Fanny Smith shouting whilst making the initial recording, and by speed variations in the machine. Later playing Record 2 (l5686/M3318). of the cylinders caused further deterioration of There are frequent repetitions and omission'; the speech. caused by the large cracks in this record interfering with the correct tracking of the stylus. The cylinder is broken into three large pieces and numerous small fragments. DETAILS OF THE RECORDINGS Fanny Smith translates the " Spring Song" and concludes by singing this song in the Tasmanian A. Recordings Made by .Members of the Royal language. Society of Tasmania. " It's spring time, Cylinders 1, 2 and 3 were recorded on Saturday, The birds is whistling, 5th August, 1899 by members of the Royal Society The spring is come, of Tasmania in the Royal Society Room, Tasmanian The clouds are all sunny, Museum (Fig. 1). The fuchsia is out at the top, The birds are whistling, The members present at the recording were the Everything is dancing, Bishop of Tasmania, the Rt. Rev. H. H. Mont­ Because it's springtime, gomery; Mr. R. M. Johnston, the Registrar-General Everything is dancing, o.f Tasmania; Mr. A. Morton, Secretary of the Because it's springtime". Royal Society and Curator of the Tasmanian Museum; Mr. J. W. Bea,ttie; Superintendent J, Fanny Smith now sings:-­ Cook; Mr. Fisher who operated the machine and "Niggur luggarato pawe, Mr. ,1. B. 'Halker. This was the last official occasion Punna mannakanna, upon which Mr. Walker appeared. Luggarato pawe tutta watta, Mrs. P'anny Cochrane Smith was accompanied Warrena pallanubranah, by her nephew. , Punna munnakanna, . rialangana, Record 1 (15685/M3317). , luggarato pawe, . . . . rialangana, This cylinder which was unbroken but in poor Luggarato luggarato lUggiuato ". condition, consists of an introduction and song by Mrs. Fanny Smith. She speaks in English, Record 3 05687/M3319) answers several questions and concludes by singing Although this record is unbroken, it is in very her version of the " Corroboree Song" in the Tas­ poor condition and in many places the background manian language. noise is greater than the speech level. Members "I'm Fanny Smith. I was born on Flinders of the Royal Society speak in appreciation of Mrs. Island. I'm the last of the Tasmanians, I Fanny Smith for agreeing to make these records. . . the island .. how about that. The first speaker is the Bishop of Tasmania, the I'll tell you the truth, the truth . about Rt. Rev. H. H. Montgomery, Vice-President of the us. My mother's name was Tangnarootoora. Royal Society of Tasmania. I . we are some true born sisters from "It has been my great privilege today, the , where we were for seven years fifth of August, 1899, to have witnessed Mr::;. and I am well, since good time". Franny Smith of Port Cygnet, who claims to be A question is asked here. the last member of all the native races of this island, sing and speak into the gramophone. "You ask me if I remember my father? I have also taken a photograph showing her My father Noona. Noona not here. Noona, sitting by the machine, I feel very glad indeed Noona gone. .. My father Noona. My that the aboriginal language of these islands. father was a whaler, left my mother, all gone ", together with its songs, however fragmentary the results may be, have at least been Another question is now asked. permanently registered and can be preserved "My family? I'm married. Goodbye, my and listened to in future years, when this, and father, mother". the remaining representatives of the native MURRAY J. LONGMAN 81

race, have passed away. I think the Secretary Taka menxa menxa lea of this Society, the Royal Society of Tasmania, Taka menxa menxa lea Mr. Alexander Morton is deserving the thanks Taka menxa mira pewyHi paEt mira pewyla of scientific men and all true colonists for palawa palawa bringing about such a valuable and unique NIna mira pewyla pala mira pewyla palawa contribution to the records of this Colony. R. pa.lawa ". M. Johnston, Government Geologist ". Horace Watson continues with details of the The Bishop concludes by introducing Mr. R. M. recording. Johnston, the other Vice-President of the Soeiety. "This record was taken on October the "I, Robert M. Johnston, Registrar-General tenth, 1903, by Horace Watson, Sandy Bay, of Tasmania, have also the great privilege and Hobart, Tasmania". pleasure of hearing the songs of the native Fanny Smith concludes by stating:-- Tasmanians sung by the last of the souls in "I am the last of the race, a Tasmanian. the way of the phonograph. This will be of I am, I am the daughter of Tangnarootoora, great interest to those who are studying the of the East Coast Tribe. I am just seventy various races of mankind now". years of age ". The Secretary of the Hoyal Society of Tasmania, Alexander Morton concludes: Record 5 (15689 IM3321) . After an introduction by Horace Watson Fanny "Alexander Morton, Secretary of the Royal Smith sings the Spring Song". About twelve Society of Tasmania endorses the words from the end of the song are missing, because words of R. M. Johnston, Vice-President of a large piece, broken off the cylinder has been lost. the Hoyal Society, in having had the pleasure of listening to the songs and words of Mrs. "This record of Mrs. Fanny Smith, s}ster Fanny Smith, who claims to be the last of of Mary-Ann, wife of Walter Arthur and daughter the Tasmanian aborigines. These songs and of Tangnarootoora, presents the song of the words have been recorded in the Hoyal Society aborigines at the time of the spring, welcoming the Hooms, Hobart, Tasmania, on Saturday the advent of the birds and :!lowers". fifth 'Of August in the presence of His Lordship, Fanny Smith now sings the "Spring Song" in the Bishop of Tasmania, the Rev, H. H. Mont­ the Tasmanian language. gomery, Mr ..J. B. Walker, F.R.G.S., Mr. R. M. "Niggur luggarato pawl), Jahnston, Editor . " Punna munnakanna, The record finishes at this point before the Luggarato pawe tutta watta, conclusion 'Of Alexander Morton's speech. Warren a pallanubranah . The record is broken at this point. B. Recordings made by Horace Watson, Sandy Record 6 (15690/M3322). Bay, 1903. This cylinder, which was shattered Into six largE' Cylinders 4, 5 and G were made by Horace pieces and many small fragments, is a recording of Watson. Mrs. Smith recorded these cylinders at his abreviated forms of the" Corroboree" and" Spring home. Barton Hall, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tasmania, Songs ". Each song is introduced by Horace Watson. on Thursday, 8th October and again on Saturday, As the repaired cylinder could only be played once, 10th October, 1903 (Fig. 2). no correction for speed could be applied, and so These cylinders were used for later copies made the speech is distorted. The numerous cracks by Horace Watson for Robert Hall, Curator of the make interpretation even more difficult and only Tasmanian Museum. a few phrases can be distinguished. " This record by Mrs. Fanny Smith, daughter llecord 4 (15688/M3320). of Tangnarootoora presents the song of the This cylinder is complete and in fair condition. natives, when holding their corroboree, who Fanny Smith, introduced by Horace Watson, sings endeavour to sing with all their might accom­ the" Corroboree Song". Particulars of the record­ panied by the beating of sticks and skins ", ing are given by Horace Watson and Fanny Smith Fanny Smith sings the" Corroboree Song ". makes a final statement. Horace Watson introduces the second song. This record by Fanny Smith, daughter of "., daughter of Tangnarootoora . Tangnarootoora, presents the song of the song of the. . welcoming the advent of natives, when holding their corroboree, who birds and fiowers ". endeavour to sing with all their might, Fanny Smith now sings the" Spring Song". accompanied by the beating of sticks and skin~. This is a dance song by Fanny Smith". Fanny Smith now sings the" Corroboree Song" C. Re-recordings made by Horace Watson, 1909. in the Tasmanian language. These two cylinders were made for Mr. Robert Hall, onetime curator of the Tasmanian Museum "Papela rene niiena ne rene ne papela rene by Horace Watson. When Mr. Hall left the Museum niiena ne rene ne his private collection was brought by Mr. Sargison u'iga menxa lea of Hobart and these records remained in his pos­ Taka menxa menxa lea session until recently. when he presented them to Taka menxa menxa lea the Tasmanian Museum. R.S.6 82 SONGS OF THE TASMANIAN ABORIGINES

INTERPRETATION OF TASMANIAN ABORIGINAL SONGS.

.J. W. Walker 1832* R. Davis 1846* lVII's. Logan 1840-50* Pc)ppyHi.-renung-onnyna N e po pila raina pogana Pope Ia ranea gone na I'oppyla-renung-onnyna N e popila raina pogana Pope Ia ranea gone na Poppyla-renung-onnyna Ne popila raina pogana

LemlngannyiJ. Thu me gunnea Lea me gone-na Lemingannya Thu me gunnea Lea me gone-na Lemingannya Thu me gunnea

'I'alikummlngannya Thoga me gunnea Toka me gunne a Taukummingannya ';:'hoga me gunnea 'foka me gunne a Taukummingannya Thoga me gunnea

Lea me gunne a Lea me gunne a

Nyna tepe rene ponnyna Naina thaipa raina pogana Nina tepea ranea ponena N yna tepe rene ponnyna Naina thaipa raina pogana Nina tepea ranea ponena Nyna tepe rene ponnyna Naina thaipa raina pog-ana Nina tepea ranea

Nyna nara pewilly para Nara paara poiwe:Ja pnara Nyna nara pewilly para Nara paara poiwella paura Nyna nara pewilly para N al'a paara poiwella paara

Nara pewHly palla woo ! Ballahoo, ballahoo pallaw06l Ballahoo, ballahoo Hallahoo, ballahoo

N yna nara pewmy para Hoo hoo Nina nara burvilla pana pewilly palla woo palla woo! 1iUra burvilla ballahoo! Nyna nara pewilly para Hoo hoo ballahoo! pewily palawoo palawoo Nina nara burvilla pana J\yna nara pewilly para Hoo hoo para burvilla b211ahoo! pewilly pallawoo pallawoo ktllahoo!

NO OTHElR RECORD OF' THIS SONG HAS BEEN FOUND. MURRAY J. LONGMAN 83

INTERPRETATION OF TASMANIAN ABORIGINAL SONGS.

J. Milligan 1859* Fanny Smith 1899t Fanny Smith 1903t PicippiHa Rayna 'ng6nyna, PapiHa rene niiena Papela rene niiena ne PappiHa Rayna 'ng6nyna, ne rene TIe papela rene ne pftpela r~ne Pappela Rayna 'ngonyna! ne' rene niiena ne rene niiena ne rene ne

Loga menxa lea L6ga menxa lea

T6ka menghii leah, T6ka menxa menxa lea 'l'6ka menxa menxa lea T6ka menghii leah, T6ka menxa menxa lea T6ka menxa menxa lea Toka mengha leah! T6ka menxa menxa lea T6ka menxa menxa lea

Liighii menghii leah, Liighii menghii leah, Lugha mengha leah!

Nena taypa rayna po6nyna, Nena taypa rayna po6nyna, Nena taypa rayna poonya!

Nena nawra pewYllah, T6ka menxa mira T6ka menxa nara pewyla Pallah nawra pewYllah, pewyla pala nara piila nara pewyla PeIlawah Pellawah! pewyla palawa palawa palawa Nena nawra pewyllah, Nina nara pewyIa NIna nara pewyla Pallah nawra pewyllah, rala nara pewyla pala nara pewyla Pellawah Pellawah! palawa palawa palawa palawa

Niggur luggarato pawet Punna munnakanna Luggarato pawe tutta watta Warrena pallanubranah Punna munnaganna . rialangana . luggarato pawe . . rialangana Luggarato luggarato luggarato

* Spelling and phonetics as in the original. t Author's interpretation of songs on wax cylinders using Schmidt's vocabulary, t Author's interpretation of song using Milligan's vocabulary. 84 SONGS OF THE TASMANIAN ABORIGINES

Record 7 C15691/M3323i. Comparison of Fanny Smith's version of the Made from hard black material similar to com­ Corroboree Song with the other recorded version mercial records, this cylinder is complete and in shows that she was improvising and knew only good condition. Horace Watson introduces Fanny a few phrases of the song. This fact is also Smith, who sings the" Spring Song" and he con­ supported by the variation shown in the songs cludes by giving details of the recording. of record 1 and 4. "This record of Mrs. Fanny Smith, sister For the purpose of translation Milligan's version of Mary Ann, wife of Walter Arthur and was used as this contained all the phrases sung daughter of Tangnarootoora presents the song by Fanny Smith. Milligan also states that this of the aborigines at the time of the spring song was to honour a great chieL welcoming the advent of birds and fiowers ". Corroboree Song (without repetitions) Fanny Smith now sings the complete version of the " Spring Song". Pappela rayna ngonyna, fast run fire, "Niggur luggarato pawe, The camp fire burns fast, Punna munnakanna, Taka mengha leah, Lugha mengha leah, Luggarato pawe tutta watta, Heel toe behind, Foot toe behind, Warrena pallanubranah, Heel, toe behind, Foot, toe behind • <. ., Nena taypa. rayna poonya Punna munnakanna, You come run bird, . rialangana, You come and run like a bird. . luggarato pawe, Nena nawm pewyllah, Pallah nawra pewylla, . . . . rialangana, Pellawah, Pellawah, Luggarato luggarato luggarato". You very man, Man very man, great man, Horace Watson now states the details of the great man recording. You are a brave man, a brave man, a great man, a great man. "This record was taken on October the eighth, 1903, by Watson, Barton Hall, Sandy Spring Song. Bay, Tasmania. Niggur luggamto pawe, This record was taken off the original. It wattle blossom time It's spring-time, Record 8 (15692/~I3324). Punnamunnakanna, This cylinder has one crack along its entire bird whistle length and another at the beginning. The con·· The birds are whistling, dition is very poor and many words are completely Luggarato pawe tutt.a watta, distorted because of the larger crack. spring come Fanny Smith introduced by Horace Watson, Spring has come, commences to sing a hymn, but after the first few Warren a pallunubranah, phrases reverts to the aboriginal style of singing. cloud sun Details of the recording are given at the end by The clouds are all sunny, Horace Watson. " This record, sung by Mrs. Fanny Smith, the The Fuschia is out at the top, daughter of Tangnarootoora of the East Coast Punna munnakanna, Tribe. bird whistle Praise the Lord, The birds are whistling, Hail the Lord, rialangana, Abide in Heaven above ". dance Fanny Smith now commences to sing this hymn. Everything is dancing, but quickly reverts to the aboriginal style of singing. luggarato pawe The only recognisable phrase is " Praise the Lord". spring-time Because it's spring-time, Horace Watson now concludes: rialanganna, "This record was made for me by Fanny dance Smith in 1903. We had a real excellent time Everything is dancing, here. You will see the photograph taken in Luggarato luggarato luggarato, the very action of singing. spring spring spring This record was taken from the original on Because it's spring-time. May the sixth, 1909, for Mr. Robert Hall, Curator of the Tasmanian Museum by Horace HISTORICAL NOTE ON FANNY COCHRANE Watson Sandy Bay,". SMITH There is no official record concerning the date TRANSLATION OF THE SONGS of Fanny Smith's birth, but according to her own Panny Smith translates the Spring Song on statements, she was born in 1833 or 1834. Her record 2 but there is no translation of the Corro­ death certificate indicates her birth year about boree Song as this record was broken and is now 1831 but Mrs. Meredith, midwife who assisted at lost. her birth, said that it was 1836. MURRAY J. LONGMAN 85

Fanny Smith's mother was a full-blooded They then returned to North West Bay where aborigine called Sarah (native name Tangnaroo­ they lived for a few months. During this time tOOl'a), but there is some doubt as to the identity Fanny's brother Adam, visited them and he died of her father. Sarah first lived with a white sealer on 28th October, 1857, aged 20 years. He was and became the mother of four half-caste children, attended by Dr. Smith of Browns River, his mother one of whom was called Mary-Ann. She later Sarah, his sister and her husband. lived with an aboriginal man, Eugene, on Flinders Island where she gave birth to a further three Shortly afterwards William and Fanny moved children, named Fanny, Adam and Duke. Some to Irish Town (now Nicholls Rivulet) and on 1st authors suggest that Fanny's name Cochrane was August, 1858, Fany's ilrst child was born. During given to her by Cottrel Cochrane, the sealer who this time Sarah lived almost continually with her­ lived with Sarah, but in other reference it is daughter. stated that Cochrane was the maiden name of Whilst on a short visit to Oyster Cove, Sarah Mrs. Clarke, wife of the catechist of Flinders was taken ill and on 3rd October, 185"8, at the age Island, and that this name was given to Fanny of about 62 years, she died. During her brief ill­ while she was in the Clarkes' care. ness she had been waited upon by Fanny, William The first official reference to Fanny is a letter and Mary-Arm, dated 8th December, 1842, whieh oonveyed approval William and Fanny then went to live permanently for admission into the Queen's Orphan School of at Irishtown, her last child being born there in three aboriginal children, F'anny, Martha and 1877. ,Jesse. Also in the official records of the same date is an application tram Mr. R. Clarke for permission In all, their family numbered eleven children-­ to receive into his family "an aboriginal child six boys (William, Peter, ,Joe, Walter, Charles and named Fanny ...". F'red) and five girls (Sarah, Flora, Bella, Laura and Mary) . In the next account an official document dated 8th March, 1847, these words appear, "Eugene Fanny firmly believed that she was a full-blood and his wife, father and mother of Fanny and aborigine and on 14th September on the Adarn . " motion of Mr. Burgess, a Parlamentary ...... u>.".'",,, met at consider an address to the Governor for an A report made by Dr. Jearnneret, the Superin­ additional £26 p.a. for her. Satisfied after due tendent of Flinders Island, and dated March 25th, enquiry, that Fanny Smith was actually the last 1847, contains the following statement signed by Tasmanian aborigine, Parlament resolved that the Fanny Cochrane. supplementary annuity be sought. "I am a half-caste of Van Diemen's Land. My However people who had known her on Flinders mother is a native, I am about 13 years of age ". Island and at Oyster Cove did not agree with this Dr. Milligan .in a long report of 29th November, decision. Mr. A. E. Walpole, Police Magistrate of 1847, on the occasion of the removal of the natives :Franklin who paid monthly visits to Oyster Cove, from Flinders Island to Oyster Cove, mentions wrote" I have known Fanny Smith (ne Cochrane) that "The fifth girl Fanny Cochrane, almost a for some 27 years, She is a half-caste born of an woman might remain with her half sister Mary­ aboriginal woman by a white man (whose name is Ann". unknown)". Mr. H. Hobinson, -son of the protector of the aborigines, stated that he remembered In 1853 Fanny became acquainted with William Fanny Cochrane well, that she was a half-caste and Smith, sawyer from North West Bay, and in an her mother was "married" to a prisoner of the official letter dated 17th July, 1834, Dr. Milligan crown. enclosed \Villiam Smith's consent to marry Fanny Cochrane, whom he describes as an aboriginal girl In 1884 Parliament passed another resolution from Oyster Cove. Also Dr. Milligan arranged granting Fanny Smith 200 acres of land in addition for Fanny to receive a grant of £24 p.a. on the to the 100 acres she already owned, the reason occasion of her marriage, the grant being the again being that she was the last survivor of the equivalent of the cost of keeping her at Oyster aboriginal race. Cove. During the latter part of her life both she and William Smith and l"anny Cochrane were William became converts to Methodism. and her married on 27th October, 1854, by the Rev. I". eldest son eventually became the local Methodist Miller at the minister's house in Murray Streee, minister. Church services were held in the large Hebart, with Joseph Milligan and J. J. SaHel' kitchen of her house while the barns and paddocks witnesses. Dr. Milligan gave the bride away. were sites for Sunday school picnics. She was a very popular person on the district and using her William and Fanny Smith then returned to barn as an improvised concert hall, she would North West Bay for six to nine months before entertain by singing her native songs. moving to Hamilton where they remained for two years in the employ of Mr. William Clarke of In 1899 she recorded her songs for the Royal Norton Mandeville. SOCiety of Tasmania and again in 1903 for Horace Watson of Sandy Bay, who reg'ulady gave concerts In 1857 they went to Hobart and opened a board­ with his Edison phonograph. ing house in Liverpool Street. However this venture was not a financial success, mainly owing Fanny Cochrane Smith died of pleurisy and t) the visits of natives from Oyster Cove, who pneumonia on 24th February, 1905 at Port Cygnet. 1Lpparently received free board with the Smiths. She had been attended by Dr. Thomas. 86 SONGS OF THE TASMANIAN ABORIGINES

Her descendants still live at Nicholls Rivulet on DAVIES, R. R., 194tl.·-" On the a.borig·inea of Van Land ". Tasm,. Jour. Nat. Sci., Agr.~ Stat.~ &c., the land originally granted to her. The present p. 409. church and the land on which it stands at Nicholls FEN1'ON, J., 1884.·-A (J. Walch & Sons, Rivulet was provided by Fanny Smith and her Hobart) . F'RIENlJ, M. C., 1847.--" On the decrease of the aborigInes of photograph hangs in the Church. Tasmania "'. 'l'as'm. Jour, Nat. SC1:., Agr., Stat., &e. VoL 3, p. 241. I,JxAlVUNER, 1882. September H}th, November 1889.~The Aborigines of Tasmania, '2'nd Ed. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS King & Sons. Halifax. .England). LOGA2'T, Mns., c. 1840.--" Song of th.e aborigines Van Diem,e:n's Land" (unpublished). Poss. Roy. Soc. The author wishes to thank the Trustees of , 187S.--.Tune 22nd. Tasmanian Museum who made the re-recording -~--, 1882.~-SeptembeI' 14th. of the cylinders possiblie, also the Australian ~-~-~---, 1949.~~[arch 23rd, March 24th. Broadcasting Commission, Cadbury -Fry -Pasca'1 METHOIHS'l' & R;':;;COHDEiH. J 905.--0bituary Notice. ,J., 1859.~-" Vocabulary of dialectB of Ltd., Commercial Broadcasters (7HO) Pty. Ltd. l'asrrW,TI.l:a". Pap. Prot. Roy. Soe. and the Hydro-Electric Commission for the use of equipment and technical advice. An spee'eh of Details about Mrs. Fanny Smith were received Tnsm., 1908, p. 73. --~----.-. 1009.--" The speech of the Tasmanian abor:igincs from Mrs. L. Luckman and Mr. E. R. Pretyman Pap. Proc. ROll. Soc. Tawrn., 1909, p. 44. while Mr. T. Smith and Mr. B. Miller of Nicholls SCHMI'D'1\ W., 1952.-Die Taslnanischen Sprachen (Spectrum ~ Rivulet gave further information. Miss E. Geddes Utrecht-Anvers) . SODTfU'RN STAll, 1882.~--SefJtembel' 15th. and wife helped with the interpretation of TASMANIA, Chief 8ecretal'Y',s Department. Hecords. the and songs recorded on these cylinders. ------, Parliament, House of Assembly Journals Session. 1882, N n. 38. --,.-----, Registrar General's Department, Reeordfi. ------~, Surveyor General's Department, Records. TINDALE, N. B., 1949.-~" Songs and war chants of extinct T'as­ REFERENCES. manian aborigines n. AustraU(t'n Broadc(LstinlJ Co'mlilt'is­ sion R(;cord1>no. BARNAHD. J., 1889.-Notes on the 1,7{ ALKER, ..T. 11., 189,7 .-~" Notes on the mania.. Pap. PTOC. Roy. Soc. frorn manuscript BON WICK, J., 1870.~-The Last of 'Valker . Pa,p. Proc. Low, Son & Marston, ------~-. 1884.-The Lost Race (Sarnpson Low, Marst~nj Searle and London). Vol 1J (Hen,..... DFlAN, J., N.D.-~·On Sea and Walch & Sons, Hobart). Fw. l.·----Mrs. Fanny Cochrane Smith recording the aboriginal songs for' members of the Royal Society of Tasmania on August 5th, 1899. Deft to rillht·-Mr. R. M. Johnston, Mr. J. W. Beattie (behind), Mr. Fisher, Superintendent J. Cook, F' 86. Mr. Alex ~forton. Mr. 4. B. "Talker. l\rlrs. Fanny Cochrane Smith, her nephew~ FIG. 2.---Mrs. Fanny Cochrane Smith recording aboriginal songs for Horaee W'atsoll. Sandy Bay, 10.10.1908.