Contents Acknowledgments vii Foreword by R. Thayer Tutt Jr. ix Introduction xi 1 Philadelphia 1 2 Pikes Peak 17 3 Cripple Creek 29 4 Utah Copper 51 5 Colorado Springs 69 6 The Broadmoor 93 7 The Penrose Lifestyle 123 8 Sugar and Water, Railroads and Tourists 143 9 The Penrose Legacy 161 10 Julie Villiers Lewis McMillan Penrose 179 11 Continuing the Legacy 199 A New Beginning by William J. Hybl 223 El Pomar Trustees 225 Bibliography 235 Index 249 1 Philadelphia THE PIKES PEAK PARTNERSHIP of Spencer Penrose and Charles L. Tutt Sr. had its roots in Philadelphia. Both were sons of Philadelphia physicians, and both were born at the close of the Civil War. The men were blue bloods, but they had different family and financial circumstances. Penrose was the fourth-eldest of six sons. His older brothers, Boies, Charles, and Richard, earned Harvard degrees and distinction in the fields of politics, medicine, and geology. Spencer also graduated from Harvard, where he distinguished himself for drinking beer. Charles L. Tutt enjoyed a less privileged upbringing. His father, Dr. Charles P. Tutt Jr., died, leaving his two-year-old son to be raised by his mother and grandfather. He went to work at age 17. His poor health led him to seek a cure in the Colorado climate as a young man. Renewed by the high, dry, sunny Colorado atmosphere, he used his connections with the Penrose brothers to unearth an unforeseen bonanza. The Penroses traced their American origins to Bartholomew Penrose, who arrived in Philadelphia in 1698. The City of Brotherly Love had been founded 16 years earlier by William Penn. Penn invited Penrose, a Bristol shipbuilder of Cornish lineage, to establish a shipyard on the Schuylkill River. The family ran the shipyard for nearly 150 years. Their pioneering role is commemorated by Philadelphia’s Penrose Boulevard and Penrose Bridge. The Penrose family produced many influential Philadelphians. Spencer’s grandfather, Charles Bingham Penrose, was state senator from 1833 to 1841 and a solicitor for the U.S. Treasury Department. Spencer’s uncle, Judge Clement Biddle Penrose, presided over the Orphan’s Court of Phila- delphia County for more than 30 years.1 A cousin, Gen. William Henry Penrose, had a long military career that took him out west. He enthralled the Penrose lads with tales of fighting Indians on the Kansas and Colorado 2 A PIKES PEAK PARTNERSHIP Dr. Richard Alexander Fullerton Pen- rose Sr., a prominent Philadelphia phy- sician, professor of obstetrics, and a founder of Philadelphia’s Children’s Hospital, pushed his six sons hard. They became notable physicians, poli- ticians, and geologists, except for Spen- cer. Striving to escape and yet impress his doubtful dad, Spencer headed west to Pikes Peak and ultimately made more money than any of his siblings. John Frederick Lewis Portrait Collection, Print and Picture Collection, the Free Library of Philadelphia. frontier. He also told how he had rubbed shoulders with legendary westerners. Kit Carson died at the general’s residence at Fort Lyon, Colo- rado, and William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody was the general’s guide during the winter of 1867–1868.2 Spencer’s father, Richard Alexander Fullerton Penrose, was Philadelphia’s leading obstetrician and gynecologist. An 1849 graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, he practiced at various Philadelphia hospitals. He was a founder of the city’s Children’s Hospital in 1854.3 For 25 years he taught obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Pennsylvania. His wit and humor made him a favorite with students. On September 28, 1858, he married Sarah Hannah Boies Penrose. The Penroses had seven sons. The first, Boies, died in infancy. Then fol- lowed Boies, November 1, 1860; Charles Bingham, February 1, 1862; Richard Alexander Fullerton Jr., December 17, 1863; Spencer, November 2, 1865; Francis Boies, August 2, 1867; and Philip Thomas, March 10, 1869.4 The Penrose brothers grew up in a tall, narrow townhouse at 1331 Spruce Street. The three-story brick dwelling was a “comfortable house of small dimensions, few ornaments and no pretensions,”5 reflecting the Spartan PHILADELPHIA 3 Sarah Hannah Boies Penrose doted on her sons, per- sonally escorting them to Harvard and writing them long, loving letters until her early death from tubercu- losis in 1881. Sixteen-year-old Spencer took her death particularly hard. For years, the mention of her name brought tears to his eyes. John Frederick Lewis Portrait Collection, Print and Picture Collection, the Free Li- brary of Philadelphia. Dr. Richard A.F. Penrose Sr. and sons, left to right, Boies, Spencer, Philip, R.A.F. Jr., and Charles, posed without a single smile for this 1882 photo. Courtesy, Denver Public Library, Western History Department. 4 A PIKES PEAK PARTNERSHIP In later years, Spencer Penrose contin- ued to return to the family home at 1331 Spruce Street in Philadelphia. In some ways the great promoter-developer of the Pikes Peak region never left Phila- delphia. His papers are filled with home- sick requests such as this 1937 letter to the Philadelphia Club: “Gentlemen: Will you kindly send me by express one pound of the finest, fresh Beluga Caviar, also your bill. Simply send it to ‘Spencer Penrose, Colorado Springs, Colorado.’ When do you commence in the Fall to have Diamond Back Terrapin?” tastes of Doctor and Sarah Penrose.6,7 The doctor advocated a healthy diet, temperance, and exercise. Mrs. Penrose turned her back on Philadelphia high society and devoted herself instead to the education of her children.8 She belonged only to the Saturday Evening Club, which promoted simple living and discouraged members from wearing jewels. This austerity back- fired, as few of the Penrose sons adhered to their parents’ abstemious lifestyle. Like many upper-class Philadelphia families, the bustling Penrose household included several Irish maids.9 Supposedly, the lusty Penrose lads threw money on the dining room table, betting who could bed the new maid first.10 The Penrose children were tutored at home. They enjoyed socializing with cousins and other relatives of the sizable Penrose clan. The brothers PHILADELPHIA 5 fished off bridges and piers and swam across the Delaware River. They rowed on the Schuylkill and in winter ice-skated on the rivers. They went to Fairmont Park for the Centennial Exposition in May 1876, where the first great American fair attracted around 230,000 people.11 The Penroses probably viewed Rocky Mountain gold, silver, and copper specimens and Martha Maxwell’s taxidermy collection of Colorado wildlife. Eleven-year-old Spencer presumably first saw the gold, copper, and Colorado animals and minerals that would become lifelong obsessions. Both the doctor and his wife valued education. Sarah Penrose, known as a woman of culture, refinement, and unusual intelligence, proudly traced her roots to two members of Harvard’s first graduating class in 1642, Benjamin Woodbridge and William Hubbard. She was determined that her sons would attend Harvard and distinguish themselves academically. After their private tutoring at home, the Penroses sent their sons to Philadelphia’s Episcopal Academy college preparatory school. When the boys entered Harvard, Sarah escorted them to Boston and set them up in a house on Gerry Street, chaperoned by their maiden aunt, Sarah Beck. Both parents encouraged their sons’ academic success. The doctor hired a private tutor for them at Harvard. He also edited their term papers and monitored their schoolwork, athletics, study habits, hygiene, and poise, as one of his letters reveals: I am glad your work is so interesting and so easy for you. I highly approve of your French memorizing and your German studies. Read up for your theme, if you can, before writing it and if possible let me have it at least a week before you have to hand it in. Cultivate all your instructors and professors. It certainly will secure for you better marks, as well as present and future good will. Go on with your gymnastics, but never forget my direction “Nose at angle 45 degrees, head up, shoulder back, chest out, stomach in, and look right down to the bottom of a fellow’s eyes.” Even though you never intend to be a soldier you may possess a military bearing.12 The doctor also provided his sons with a list of rules: “When invited out to dinner or tea be careful about dress, etc. If offered wine or cigars, quietly decline by saying you never smoke or use wine, and, at all times, give the same answer, no matter where or by whom offered. Form at first no intimacies—afterwards, only with quiet, hard-working students. Avoid all ‘swell’ fellows. And, by all means, join no secret society or club until the sophomore or junior year.”13 Mrs. Penrose counseled them, too. She wrote Richard: You ought to take some pains to get your marks in geometry changed. Go yourself to Briggs and ask him politely to look over your paper again; tell him that you feel sure you did all that was given you. I want you to get a good grade. Be sure to change your pantaloons when 6 A PIKES PEAK PARTNERSHIP you get wet. I think it is cold enough now for you to put on your winter flannels. I am glad to find you go regularly to Church with Cousin Sarah and I feel sure that you will pass through your college course without one censure mark. Good night to you all my darling boys. SHBP14 Sarah Penrose died of pneumonia on March 30, 1881, two months before Boies and Charles graduated. Her concern for her three older sons’ education paid off. Boies and Charles graduated second and first in their class, respectively.