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Scripta Islandica 64/2013 SCRIPTA ISLANDICA ISLÄNDSKA SÄLLSKAPETS ÅRSBOK 64/2013 REDIGERAD AV LASSE MÅRTENSSON OCH VETURLIÐI ÓSKARSSON under medverkan av Pernille Hermann (Århus) Else Mundal (Bergen) Guðrún Nordal (Reykjavík) † Rune Palm (Stockholm) Heimir Pálsson (Uppsala) UPPSALA, SVERIGE © Författarna och Scripta Islandica 2014 ISSN 0582-3234 Sättning: Ord och sats Marco Bianchi urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201189 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201189 Innehåll LENNART ELMEVIK, Sigurd Fries. Minnesord ................... 5 DANIEL SÄVBORG, Rune Palm. Minnesord ..................... 9 ULLA BÖRESTAM, Gun Widmark. Minnesord ................... 13 AGNETA NEY, Bland ormar och drakar. En jämförande studie av Ramsundsristningen och Gökstenen ........................ 17 JUDY QUINN, Death and the king. Grottasǫngr in its eddic context .. 39 BRITTANY SCHORN, Divine Semantics. Terminology for the Human and the Divine in Old Norse Poetry ........................ 67 KIRSTEN WOLF, Body Language in Medieval Iceland. A Study of Gesticulation in the Sagas and Tales of Icelanders ............. 99 Recensioner TERRY GUNNELL, rec. av Merrill Kaplan, Thou Fearful Guest. Addressing the Past in Four Tales in Flateyjarbók ............. 123 BERNT Ø. THORVALDSEN, rec. av Lars Lönnroth, The Academy of Odin. Selected Papers on Old Norse Literature ............... 129 VÉSTEINN ÓLASON, rec. av The Poetic Edda. Vol. III. Mythological Poems II, ed. Ursula Dronke .............................. 137 LARS WOLLIN, rec. av Sif Rikhardsdottir, Medieval Translations and Cultural Discourse. The Movement of Texts in England, France and Scandinavia ....................................... 142 MARGARET CLUNIES ROSS, rec. av Snorri Sturluson The Uppsala Edda DG 11 4to, ed. Heimir Pálsson ....................... 151 Isländska sällskapet HEIMIR PÁLSSON & LASSE MÅRTENSSON. Berättelse om verksamheten under 2011 ............................................ 157 HEIMIR PÁLSSON & MARCO BIANCHI. Berättelse om verksamheten under 2012 ........................................... 159 Författarna i denna årgång ................................. 161 Sigurd Fries Minnesord LENNART ELMEVIK Den 24 juni 2013 avled professor emer. Sigurd Fries, Umeå, 89 år gammal. Med honom har en framstående representant för svensk och nordisk språkforskning och en stor Islandsvän gått ur tiden. Sigurd Fries var född i Stockholm 1924 som yngste sonen till bota- nisten Robert E. Fries, professor Bergianus vid Bergianska stiftelsen ett trettiotal år under förra hälften av 1900-talet. Sina akademiska studier bedrev han vid Uppsala universitet, med nordiska språk som huvud- ämne. Han blev fil. mag. 1948 — med utöver nordiska språk ämnena tyska språket, litteraturhistoria med poetik och fonetik — och fil. lic. i nordiska språk 1953. År 1957 disputerade han för filosofie doktors­ graden i ämnet på avhandlingen Studier över nordiska trädnamn och förordnades omedelbart till docent. Avhandlingen utkom som nummer 3 i den av Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien utgivna serien Studier till en svensk dialektgeografisk atlas. Det är ingen särskilt djärv gissning att avhandlingsämnet var inspirerat av faderns och den äldre brodern Magnus botaniska ämnesinriktning; Magnus Fries var professor i fanerogam- botanik vid Naturhistoriska riksmuseet i Stockholm. I nio år, 1957–68, verkade Sigurd Fries på docenttjänst och som till- förordnad professor vid Uppsala universitets institution för nordiska språk. I flera år var han också som timarvoderad medarbetare knuten till dåvarande Dialekt- och folkminnesarkivet i Uppsala. En kort tid innehade han en tjänst som 1:e arkivarie vid detta arkiv, innan han 1969 blev den förste innehavaren av professuren i svenska språket, särskilt nusvenska, vid det unga universitetet i Umeå. Bland Sigurd Fries uppdrag utanför universitetet kan nämnas ledamot- skap i redaktionskommittén för nationalupplagan av August Strindbergs samlade verk och i Svenska botaniska föreningens arbetsgrupp för svenska växtnamn. 6 Lennart Elmevik Akademiska studier i nordiska språk föder närmast oundvikligt ett särskilt intresse för Island, dess språk, kultur och samhällsliv. I Sigurd Fries fall förstärktes säkert detta intresse av att hans hustru Ingegerd hade varit bosatt på Island i ett tidigare äktenskap. Inom Isländska sällskapet i Uppsala gjorde Sigurd Fries betydelsefulla insatser. Han var ledamot av sällskapets styrelse i inte mindre än 47 år. Vid det möte den 26 april 1949 då sällskapet konstituerades valdes han, då som framgått ovan filosofie magister, till klubb mästare och vice sekreterare, poster som han besatte till 1959, då han utsågs till sällskapets sekreterare, tillika redaktör för årsboken Scripta Islandica. Dessa uppdrag lämnade han av naturliga skäl då han 1969 tillträdde professuren i Umeå. Bara några år senare, 1972, ställde han sig dock till förfogande för uppgiften att vara ordförande i sällskapets detta år bildade umensiska lokalavdelning. Sigurd Fries valde alltså att i motsats till sin far och sin storebror inte ägna sig åt botanisk forskning. I en stor del av hans vetenskapliga produktion är ändå botaniken involverad. Ett första exempel härpå är alltså doktors avhandlingen. Sigurd Fries är den förste som på grundval av ett stort material, som hänför sig till hela Norden, behandlat träd- benämningar. Tidsperspektivet är det vidast tänkbara: från den äldsta urnordiskan till våra dagar. Till grund för slutsatserna ligger i stor utsträckning dialektmaterial, men även ortnamnens vittnesbörd spelar en viktig roll. I boken Öländskt och uppsvenskt. En ord- och ortnamnshistorisk studie över uppsvenska drag på Öland och längs Götalands östkust (1962) ger Sigurd Fries ett viktigt bidrag till kännedomen om språkliga spår som det gamla sveaväldets expansion söderut lämnat och till diskussionen om hur öländskan förhåller sig till vissa andra svenska dialekter. Endast två år senare publicerade Sigurd Fries arbetet Stätt och stätta i Norden. Ett verbalabstrakts betydelseutveckling och ett bidrag till studiet av hägnads terminologien. Skriften är ett värdefullt tillskott till nordisk ord och sak­forskning och ett betydelsegeografiskt bidrag av stort intresse. Även här kommer språkmaterial från hela Norden till användning. I undersökningen dras även in för resonemangen relevanta ortnamn. Talrika är de skrifter om växtbenämningar utöver doktorsavhandlingen som Sigurd Fries författat. Ett tjugotal av dem, om tillsammans 220 sidor, finns samlade i den volym med titelnVäxtnamn då och nu som han tillägnades på sin 70-årsdag 1994. Stor uppmärksamhet har Sigurd Fries ägnat åt benämningar på växter i riksspråket jämförda med dem i dialekterna. En rad uppsatser och en Sigurd Fries. Minnesord 7 bok från 1975, Svenska växtnamn i riksspråk och dialekt, har detta tema. Framför allt var han emellertid intresserad av Linnés olika skrifter, som han har studerat ur skilda aspekter. En av hans uppsatser (från 1971) har, för att ta ett exempel, titeln ”Linnés resedagböcker. Deras språk och stil i jämförelse med de tryckta reseskildringarna”. I särskilt hög grad lade han ned tid och möda på företaget att, med biträde av hustrun Ingegerd, ge ut Iter Lapponicum (1732) i tre volymer: dagboken, kommentar- delen och faksimilutgåvan. För denna för Linnéforskningen viktiga insats tilldelades han år 2007 Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademiens jetong i guld. Tre år senare fick han för sin Linnéforskning emotta Uppsala universitets Linnémedalj i guld. Medaljen utdelas för i första hand ”utomordentligt framstående vetenskaplig gärning, särskilt inom de linneanska vetenskapsområdena eller Linnéminnet närliggande fält”. Av områden inom vilka Sigurd Fries vetenskapliga produktion faller skall också särskilt nämnas ortnamnsforskning. Han har författat ett flertal väl underbyggda ortnamnsstudier, publicerade i bland annat Namn och bygd, en renommerad specialtidskrift för nordisk ortnamnsforskning. Att han hade ett brett vetenskapligt intresseområde visar också bidrag av hans hand som det som läromedel avsedda häftet Lite om språksociologi och uppsatser som ”Så jag målar … Rak ordföljd i stället för omvänd i svensk vers”, ”Informationsstruktur och syntax i Gustav I:s brev” och ”Lärdomsspråket under frihetstiden”, den sistnämnda med tydlig anknytning till Linné. Sigurd Fries vetenskapliga författarskap är omfattande, mångsidigt och av hög kvalitet. Det rör både tal- och skriftspråk, både äldre och nutida svenska, vartill skall läggas att forskningsobjekten inte sällan krävt hänsynstagande till material också från andra delar av det nordiska språkområdet än den svenska. Arbetena faller inom flera av nordistikens centrala forskningsfält, främst ljud- och formlära, ordbildning, dialekt- geografi, ord­ och ortnamnsforskning. Sin mest grundläggande insats har han gjort genom sin forskning om växtbenämningar, varvid de som rör Linnés skrifter i språkligt och stilistiskt hänseende får anses vara de tyngst vägande. Sigurd Fries verkliga eldprov blev att etablera den disciplin han före- trädde vid ett universitet med bara några få år på nacken. Enligt sam- stämmiga vittnesbörd tog han uppgiften på stort allvar och lyckades också att föra den i hamn på ett imponerande sätt. Bland annat lyckades han bygga upp ett synnerligen välförsett institutionsbibliotek, viktigt för 8 Lennart Elmevik en livaktig forskning. Han var omtyckt som lärare och forskarhandledare, och många doktorander disputerade under hans ledning. Till sin natur var han vänlig, omtänksam, generös och blygsam — en av hans elever, professorn i nordiska språk vid Umeå universitet Lars-Erik Edlund,
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