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Nat Chem Profile General Authority for Environmental Protection National Capabilities for Preparation of N P for POPs The Republic of Yemen Ministry of Water and Environment Environmental Protection Authority NATIONAL CHEMICAL PROFILE Drafted by: The National Coordination Team Translated and Revised by: Dr. Ali El-Shekeil, Professor of Chemistry, Sana’a University, POPs Review Committee Member Yemen Sana’a August 2006 1 Members of the National Coordination Team # The name Authority 1 Dr. Gamal Abdu Al-Lawzi General Authority for Environmental Protection 2 Salim Abdullah Baguhaizel General Authority for Environmental Protection 3 Rageeb Ahmed Ali Ministry of Public Works and Roads, Environmental Sanitation 4 Awad Said Al-Hanshi Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor, Occupational Health and Safety 5 Abdullah Abdul Malik Numan Ministry of Oil and Minerals 6 Eng. Ali Abdullah Al- General Authority for Environmental Thobhani Protection 7 Dr. Abdel Fattah Abdul Haq Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Thabit General Administration for Plant Protection 8 Eng. Abdullah Ahmed Obadi Yemen Consumer Society 9 Dr. Yassin Abdel Warith Ministry of Public Health and Population Hazza’a 10 Eng. Abdu Ahmed Sinan Ministry of Industry and Trade 11 Mehdi Morshed Tarah Chamber of Commerce and Industry 12 Dr. Ahmad Al-Aghil Agricultural Society 2 Table of Contents THANKS AND APPRECIATION....................................................................................10 1 A General Profile of the Republic of Yemen............................................................12 1.1 Natural and Demographic Structure of the Republic of Yemen........................12 1.1.1 Population..................................................................................................13 1.1.1.1 Fertility and Mortality............................................................................13 1.2 Education...........................................................................................................13 1.3 Political and Geographical Structure of the Republic of Yemen......................14 1.3.1 The Yemeni Islands...................................................................................16 1.3.2 Climate.......................................................................................................16 1.4 Press...................................................................................................................17 1.5 Health.................................................................................................................17 1.6 Economic Policy................................................................................................17 1.7 Industry and Agriculture....................................................................................18 1.8 Persistent Organic Pollutants.............................................................................21 1.9 References..........................................................................................................22 2 Production, Import, Export and Use of Chemical Materials.....................................25 2.1 The Use of Pesticides in the Republic of Yemen..............................................33 2.2 Chemical Production, Export and Import..........................................................34 2.2.1 Contribution of the Oil and Minerals Sector in Local Production.............34 2.2.2 Manpower in the Oil and Minerals Sector.................................................36 2.3 Production, Export and Import of POPs............................................................39 2.3.1 Residues of POPs and Abandoned Materials............................................39 2.3.1.1 Project of Disposal of Abandoned and Damaged Pesticides in 1987- 1996. ...............................................................................................................39 2.3.1.2 The Factors that Help Increase the Accumulation of Expired Pesticides.. ...............................................................................................................40 2.3.1.3 Phase I: 1996..........................................................................................40 2.3.1.4 The Project of Getting Rid of the Pesticides Buried in Sordod Productivity Farm 1992-2004, Phases II and III...................................................42 2.4 Chemical Waste.................................................................................................43 2.5 Analysis.............................................................................................................44 2.6 Recommendations..............................................................................................44 3 Priority Concerns for the Chemical Production, Export, Import and use..................47 3.1 Air Pollution......................................................................................................47 3.1.1 The Capital.................................................................................................47 3.1.2 Aden...........................................................................................................47 3.1.3 Taiz............................................................................................................48 3.1.4 Hodaida......................................................................................................48 3.1.5 Hadramaut..................................................................................................48 3.1.6 Marib..........................................................................................................48 3.1.7 Sana’a........................................................................................................48 3.1.8 Amran........................................................................................................48 3.2 Water Pollution..................................................................................................49 3.2.1 The Capital.................................................................................................49 3 3.2.2 Taiz............................................................................................................49 3.2.3 Amran........................................................................................................50 3.2.4 Yareem.......................................................................................................51 3.3 Soil Contamination............................................................................................51 3.3.1 Analysis of the Results..............................................................................52 3.4 Chemical Poisoning...........................................................................................53 3.5 Hazardous Waste...............................................................................................54 3.5.1 The Remnants of Industrial Activities.......................................................54 3.5.2 Waste Lubricants.......................................................................................56 3.5.3 The Remnants of Health Care....................................................................57 3.5.4 Agricultural Pesticide Residues.................................................................58 3.5.5 Consumed Batteries (car batteries)............................................................59 3.5.6 The Remnants of Photography Labs..........................................................59 3.5.7 Damaged Foods.........................................................................................59 3.5.8 Animal Residues........................................................................................59 3.5.9 Pharmaceutical Residues...........................................................................60 3.5.10 Home-based Activities Residues (garbage)...............................................60 3.5.11 Sewage and Industrial Sludge....................................................................60 3.5.11.1 Hazardous Industrial Wastes.............................................................61 3.5.11.2 Health Care Residues.........................................................................61 3.5.11.3 WHO Transactions............................................................................62 3.5.11.3.1 Hazardous Industrial Residues......................................................62 3.5.11.3.2 Remnants of the Governmental Health Care.................................63 3.5.11.3.3 Animal Residues............................................................................63 3.5.11.3.4 Power Stations Residues................................................................63 3.6 Ways of Dealing with Hazardous Waste...........................................................64 3.6.1 From Industrial Residues...........................................................................64 3.6.1.1 Reuse of Waste Plastic Inside Companies.............................................65 3.6.1.2 Recycling of Plastic Waste....................................................................65 3.6.1.3 Recycling of Waste Metal.....................................................................66 3.6.1.4 Recycling of Liquid Waste....................................................................66 3.6.2 Hazardous Medical Waste.........................................................................66 3.6.2.1 Analysis.................................................................................................75
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