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Brachyuran Crabs of the Yemeni Coastal Waters (Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea and Socotra Isands)

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Brachyuran Crabs of the Yemeni Coastal Waters (Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea and Socotra Isands) BRACHYURAN CRABS OF THE YEMENI COASTAL WATERS (RED SEA, GULF OF ADEN, ARABIAN SEA AND SOCOTRA ISLANDS) Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Rostock vorgelegt von Abdullah Nasser Al-Hindi, geb. am 23.12.1975 in Abian aus Jemen Rostock, 22.02.2019 BRACHYURAN CRABS OF THE YEMENI COASTAL WATERS (RED SEA, GULF OF ADEN, ARABIAN SEA AND SOCOTRA ISLANDS) Presented by Abdullah Nasser Al-Hindi, born. on 23.12.1975 in Abian from Yemen Rostock, 22.02.2019 Referees: 1st Reviewer: PD Dr. Stefan Forster Institut für Biowissenschaften – Meeresbiologie Albert-Einstein Str. 3 D-18059 Rostock. 2nd Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Roland Melzer Zoologische Staatssammlung München Münchhausenstr. 21 D-81247 München. Date of submission: 22.02.2019 Date of defense: 18.03.2019 Dedication To my mother Naifa, my wife Sina, my daughter Amal, and my sons Salem and Saleh, who supported me during the study period 2016 up to this time despite the difficult conditions and crises that have plagued Yemen since 2015 until today. To the spirit of my teacher, Dr.Najat Ali Mqbil, Dean of the Faculty of Science - Aden University, who was killed last year, and was waiting to complete my thesis impatiently. To all Yemeni and non-Yemeni researchers interested in studying marine biodiversity on the coasts of Yemen. Abdullah Al-Hindi [email protected] Table of Contents 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................1 1.1: Geography ................................................................................................................................................1 1.2: General information of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden ............................................................................2 1.2. 1: Monsoon winds ....................................................................................................................................2 1.2. 2: Water temperature and Salinity...........................................................................................................2 1.2. 3: Upwelling ..............................................................................................................................................3 1.2. 4: Habitats ................................................................................................................................................4 1.2. 5: Biodiversity and previous studies .........................................................................................................5 1.3: Phylogeny of the brachyuran crabs ....................................................................................................... 10 1.4: Objectives of the study: ........................................................................................................................ 11 2. Materials and Methods ........................................................................................................................ 12 2.1: Samples ................................................................................................................................................. 12 2.2: Methods ................................................................................................................................................ 17 2.3: Specimen identification ......................................................................................................................... 18 2.3. 1: Morphological characteristics ........................................................................................................... 18 2.3. 2: Morphological characteristics of the gonopods ................................................................................ 19 2.3. 3: DNA analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 20 2.3. 4: Biogeographic analyses ..................................................................................................................... 20 3. The results ............................................................................................................................................ 27 3.1: Systematic account ............................................................................................................................... 27 Section: Dromiacea De Haan, 1833 .................................................................................................................. 34 Superfamily Dromioidea De Haan, 1833 .......................................................................................................... 34 Family Dromiidae De Haan, 1833 ..................................................................................................................... 34 Lauridromia dehaani (Rathbun, 1923) ............................................................................................................. 34 Lewindromia unidentata (Rüppell, 1830) ......................................................................................................... 34 Epigodromia granulata (Kossman, 1878) ......................................................................................................... 34 Ascidiophilus caphyraeformis Richters, 1880 ................................................................................................... 35 Cryptodromia fallax (Latreille in Milbert, 1812) ............................................................................................... 35 Section: Raninoida De Haan, 1839 ................................................................................................................... 37 Family Raninidae De Haan, 1839 ...................................................................................................................... 37 Notosceles serratifrons (Henderson, 1893) ...................................................................................................... 37 Section: Eubrachyura de Saint Laurent, 1980 .................................................................................................. 38 I Subsections: Heterotremata Guinot, 1977 ...................................................................................................... 38 Superfamily: Carpilioidea Ortmann, 1893 ........................................................................................................ 38 Family: Carpiliidae Ortmann, 1893 ................................................................................................................... 38 Carpilius convexus (Forskål, 1775) ................................................................................................................... 38 Superfamily: Calappoidea De Haan, 1833 ........................................................................................................ 38 Family: Calappidae De Haan, 1833 ................................................................................................................... 38 Calappa philargius (Linnaeus, 1758) ................................................................................................................ 38 Calappa hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) .................................................................................................................. 39 Calappa capellonis Laurie, 1906 ....................................................................................................................... 39 Calappa gallus (Herbst, 1803) .......................................................................................................................... 39 Mursia bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894 ................................................................................................ 39 Family Matutidae De Haan, 1835 ..................................................................................................................... 41 Ashtoret lunaris (Forskål, 1775) ....................................................................................................................... 41 Ashtoret picta (Hess, 1865) .............................................................................................................................. 41 Superfamily Dorippoidea MacLeay, 1838 ........................................................................................................ 41 Family Dorippidae MacLeay, 1838 .................................................................................................................. 41 Dorippe frascone (Herbst, 1785) ...................................................................................................................... 41 Superfamily Eriphioidea MacLeay, 1838 .......................................................................................................... 42 Family Eriphiidae MacLeay, 1838 ..................................................................................................................... 42 Eriphia smithii MacLeay, 1838 .......................................................................................................................... 42 Eriphia sebana (Shaw & Nodder, 1803) ........................................................................................................... 43 Family Menippidae Ortmann, 1893 ................................................................................................................
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