Bulletin of the Ramaltrishna Mission Institute of Culture
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Single copy: { l0 Bulletin of the Ramaltrishna Mission Institute of Culture SE,pTEMBER 2O2O rssN 0971-2755 * Vor. LXXI No.9 * GOL PARK * KOLKATA 7OOO29 Bulletin of the Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture Editor SWAMI SUPARNANANDA '\'i0t oJlt''>r Associate Editor r TIRTHANKAR DAS PURKAYASTHA Vor-urr,lr. LXXI SEPTEMBER 2O2O NuHassn * OBSERVATIONS On Enemies And Allies 4 * SAYINGS Akhanclanancla " 5 -swanti * RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY Law of Karmo--Jhe Saving Grace K. Sarkar 6 -Bid.v-ut * PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE Prdna Kuntar Laha 13 -Arun * AROUNDTHEWORLD The Ramakrishna Movement in the West : Contribution of Some of Its Pioneer Swamis (1920-70FXl 17 -sihato.sh Bagchi * FORGETNOT ln Search of a Nationalist Anthropology in India Guha ... 21 -Abhilit * LANGUAGEANDLITERATURE Keats's 'Ode to a Nightingale': A Study of the Manuscript Rolt 23 -Anuraclha Kalam, the Poet's Concept of HarmonY 3l -Asit Kuntar Ciri * WELLBEING Holistic Living: Hidden Treasure of Life Agrawal Y -Lalita * THEARTS At Play with Ramakrishna-A Drama Based on the Life of Sri Ramakrishna-Xl ika Shucldhatntaprana "' 38 -Pravraj The Institute is not necessarily in agreement with the views of contributors to whom fieedom of expression is given. 225- Life subscription (20 ),ears-,Janrru)t to December): India { 1.0001 Other countries $ 300 I f Annual sutrscription (Jarutary to December): India { 100; Other countries $ 27 / f 18. FORGET NOT In Search of a Nationalist Anthropology in India ABHIJIT GUHA Introduction As earl1, as 1952 Nirrnal Kttmar Bose (a esearch on the history of doyen of Indian authropology) in a I significant article errtitled'Current Research "fJ, " Projects in Indian Arrthropology' published ra#y':ff ' [,i::' #"T Ji"" I become a formidable tradition. Existing in Man in Inditr enumerated the research projects undertaken works contain a lot of useful data on the by the Departntent of Anthropology, (the history of anthropology during the colonial Govt. of India fonner narne of the Anthropological Sr-rrvey and post-colonial periods but they do not of India) and the anthropology venture into a search for the growth of departrnents of Calcr-rtta, Madras, Lucknow, Delhi, GaLrhati nationalist anthropological writings by the and Osmania universities. Bose's Irrdian anthropologists or the role of the investigation was exhaustive and based on anthropologists in nation-building in the pre- written replies from the Heads of the and post-independence periods. On the other aforementi oned i nstituti ons. A fler rev i ewi ng hand, 'we find critiques of Indian the overall scenario l-re concluded. anthropology, which found a colonial hangover in Indian anthropology. Within this There does not seem to be any problenr context I shall argue that along with the which Indian anthropologists have rnade colonial tradition, a nationalist trend in Indian peculiarly their own. Anthropology in our anthropology can also be discerned, which country has, on the whole, followed the was growing during the pre-and-post- tracks beaten by anthropologists in the independence periods in lndia and this trend rnore powerful countries of the West. was represented by the works of the What they do, we generally try to repeat anthropologists who were socially on the Indian soil (Bose 1952:133). committed and contributed to nation-building Bose, however, ended rvith tlre positive through their analytical writings and note that there were exceptions to the above research. generalisation and if Indian anthropologists could work independently on lndian Critiques of Indian anthropology problems, tlrere was still sign of hope. There is a standard critique of Indian After Bose, his famous student Surajit anthropology advanced by some eminent Sinha in his insightful arlicle pr-rblished in the Indian anthropologists. The critics held that Journql o.f the Incliun Anthropological Indian anthropology is the product of a Socie0, it"t 1971 observed that despite colonial tradition and the Indian considerable growth in research publications anthropologists for various reasons followed arrd professional human power in social and their colonial masters in one way or the other. cultural anthropology dLrring the last 100 Bulletin of the Ramakrishna Mission Institute of culture * September 2020 21 ABHIJIT the years. rlre Incliarr antllropologists largely In tlte clisct-tssion that tollowed statelxellt. tlte authors rernained dependerlt otl Western and colorlial above quoted opening traditions (Sinha l97l : l- l4). Itr adrnitted two important points. flrst. tltat the nationalistl.t occr-rpied a 'very continr.tatiot.t of his pertinent exatnitration of questiott of the colonial dependence of Irrdiart rvide spectrum' and secondlv. Ito Itrdiatt did oppose anthropology. Sinha contributed a full antltropologist or sociologist I have been chapter entitled 'lndia: A Western nationalism. I do not clairn that rvhole ratrge of the Apprerrtice' in a book. Anthropolrtgt't' able to cover the of Irrdiarr anthropology Anceslors and lleit's, edited by the Marxist nationalist spectrLllx only discover solrle of the antlrropologist Stanley Diamond in 1980 ancl but I could artthropologists and published by Morrton. In that article Sinha notable nationalist their r.vorks it.t some detailjLrst as a discr-rssed 'the process of naturalization of highlight the diff-erent strands of Westertr beginning. with the colonial tradition. a anthropological traditiorrs' and finally ended Along trend in Indian anthropology witli a pessitnistic note: nationalist could also be discerned that was growirrg For sonre time, the proliferation of trained during tlte pre and post-irrdependence maltpower, ranclotn efforls at catching up periods in lndia arrd this trend was with the latest developments in the West represerltecl bY the works of the and a general increase in the nurnber of arrthropologists who were socially publications will characterize the comrnitted and contributed to nation bLrilding development of Indian anthropology through their analytical writings atrd (Sinha 1980:281)' researcl-t (GLrha 2018:8). These learned the rnethodology of SLrrajit Sinha never calne up with a anthropologists the cliscipline frorn the West bLrt did not comprehensive and overall review of the beconte blind lollowers of Europe and results of the 'mental independence' of his America and they also did llot want to derive predecessors who lived their 'lives under their antlrropology from the religious colotrial rttle'. scriptures of the atlcient Hindus' lrtstead. Nationalist anthroPologY they visualised an Indian character of rvhich according to thetn In all imPortant book entitled anthropology, courld be used in natiot.t bLrilding, a task Anthropologlt in the East, Patricia Uberoi' which. however, finally could not develop Nandini Sundar and Satish Deshpande in into fLrll maturity in the hands o1'their own the subsectiot.t'Nationalism and the of tlle'lntrodtrction' s u cces sors. Natiou-State' As early as 1938. one of the fbr-rnding corltnented. fathers of lndian anthropology' Sarat entitled 'Arl We are yet to fornl a detailed picture of the Chanclra Roy wrote an article Mqn' ways in rvhich nationalism exerted its Inclian Otrtlook on Anthropology' in Arrthropological influetrce in shaping Indian sociology and the Journal of the Royal Ireland' This social anthropology. To be sure, almost lnstitute of Great Britain and one of the every historical account of the discipline. article catr be regarded as whether it concerns an irldividual, an pioneering ones rvhich atternpted to bLrild Lrp anthropology' institution or the discipline at large, makes a nationalist tradition of Irldiar-r critically mention of this factor.... (Uberoi, Sundar & ln tl-ris article Roy not only rna.lor theories developed in the Deshpande 2007: 38). evalr-rated the Septernber 2020 22 Bulletin of the Rarnakrishna Missiou InstitLtte of culture * IN SEARCH OF A NATIONAI-IST ANT'HROPOLOGY IN INDIA then westem anthropology. like [-rniversal Self in all individual-and group- evoIution ism. ditf usionism arrd firrrctional isrn selves. and the consequent elevation or witlr much scepticisnr but lTe also rnade a transtorr.nation of individLral ancl novel attenrpt to synthesize the ideas of 'national' character and conduct. through arrcient Irrdiarr philosophers in westerrr a spirit of universal love. The anthropological concepts. According to Roy. anthropological attitude rvh i le du ly the essence of lndiarr thor"rght lay irr the appreciating and fbstering the varied sel{'- I subjective process of 'syrrpathetic expression of the lJniverstrl Spirit in imurersion' in other cultures and societies diflerent conrrnunities and countries, and and this could be combined with the not by any nleans seeking to rnould ob.jective approacl-r of Western them al l in one universal racial or anthropology. I qLrote Roy. cultural pattern, is expectecl to help forward a synthesis o1'the past and the Thus the ob.lective rnethods of present, the old ancl the ne',v. the East and investigation cultural data have be of to the West (lbid). helped out, not only by historical imagination and a background of historical Sarat Charrdra Roy's approach to and geographical facts, but also by a develop a rrationalist arrthropology in India sub.jective process of self-forgetting was not a simple theoretical exercise. One absorption or rneditation (dhvinct) and shoLrld rernember that he rvas the flrst Indiarr intuitiort born of syrrpathetic irnrnersion who fbunded the second prof-essional journal in. and selt--iclentifrcation rvith, the