Crowdfunding and Alternative Sources of Financing in Greece»

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Crowdfunding and Alternative Sources of Financing in Greece» ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΠΕΙΡΑΙΩΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗΣ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΗΣ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΩΝ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΣΙΑΚΗ ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΙΚΗ «ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΠΛΗΘΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΝΑΛΛΑΚΤΙΚΕΣ ΠΗΓΕΣ ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ» ΘΩΜΑ ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ Διπλωματική Εργασία υποβληθείσα στο Τμήμα Οικονομικών Επιστημών του Πανεπιστημίου Πειραιώς ως µέρους των απαιτήσεων για την απόκτηση Μεταπτυχιακού Διπλώματος Ειδίκευσης στην Οικονομική και Επιχειρησιακή Στρατηγική ΠΕΙΡΑΙΑΣ, ΑΘΗΝΑ, ΙΟΥΛΙΟΣ 2018 UNIVERSITY OF PEIRAEUS DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS MASTER PROCLAIM IN ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS STRATEGY «CROWDFUNDING AND ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FINANCING IN GREECE» BY THOMA ANDREAS Master Thesis submitted to the Department of Economics of the University of Piraeus in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Economic and Business Strategy PIRAEUS, GREECE, JULY 2018 ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΠΛΗΘΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΝΑΛΛΑΚΤΙΚΕΣ ΠΗΓΕΣ ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ Σημαντικοί όροι: Χρηματοπιστωτική Κρίση, Ενναλακτική Χρηματοδότηση, Χρηματοοικονομική Τεχνολογία, Επιχειρηματικότητα, Καινοτομία, Νεοφυής Επιχείρηση, Μικρομεσαία Επιχείρηση, Κεφάλαιο Σποράς, Επιχειρηματικοί Αγγέλοι, Επενδυτές Κεφαλαίων Επιχειρηματικού Κινδύνου, Χρηματοδότηση από το Πλήθος, Χρηματοδότηση Δωρεών, Χρηματοδότηση Ανταμοιβών, Χρηματοδότηση Δανειακών Κεφαλαίων, Χρηματοδότηση Μετοχικών Κεφαλαίων, Θεσμικό Πλαίσιο. Περίληψη Η παρούσα μελέτη αποσκοπεί στην ανάδειξη και την βαθύτερη κατανόηση των σύγχρονών χρηματοοικονομικών εργαλείων που δύναται να αξιοποιήσει η κάθε επιχείρηση στην Ελληνική οικονομία, με σκοπό να ξεπεράσει το μεγάλο εμπόδιο της περιορισμένης χρηματοοικονομικής ρευστότητας. Αρχικά, γίνεται μια ευρύτερη ανάλυση των διάφορων χρηματοοικονομικών πηγών από τις οποίες μια επιχείρηση μπορεί να αντλήσει κεφάλαια για τις χρηματοδοτικές της ανάγκες, υπό το πλαίσιο της συνεχιζόμενης μάστιγας της χρηματοπιστωτικής κρίσης. Σε επόμενο στάδιο, γίνεται μια διεξοδική ανάλυση ενός εκ των προαναφερθεισών εργαλείων, αυτό της Χρηματοδοτήσεως από το Πλήθος ή Συμμετοχικής Χρηματοδότησης (Crowdfunding). Συγκεκριμένα, αναλύονται οι μορφές και οι εφαρμογές του συγκεκριμένου εργαλείου στο σύγχρονο κόσμο του επιχειρείν, μέσω της μελέτης περιπτώσεων επιχειρηματικών μονάδων που κάλυψαν τις χρηματοδοτικές τους ανάγκες μέσω της συγκεκριμένης χρηματοπιστωτικής οδού. Σε μεταγενέστερο στάδιο της ανάλυσης μας, παρατίθεται και επεξηγείται το θεσμικό πλαίσιο κάτω από το οποίο η Χρηματοδότηση από το Πλήθος καλείται να λειτουργήσει, τόσο εντός της Ελλάδος, όσο και στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες Αμερικής, τις οποίες θεωρούμε ως χώρα - ορόσημο της κατοχύρωσης του Crowdfunding ως ενναλακτικού χρηματοδοτικού θεσμού. Σκοπός της συγκεκριμένης ανάλυσης είναι να αποκτήσουμε μια καλύτερη εικόνα για τους κανόνες που διέπουν την λειτουργία του Crowdfunding, τόσο σε μια χώρα που διαγράφει μια εκπληκτική πορεία (Η.Π.Α.), όσο και σε μια που βρίσκεται ακόμη σε αναπτυσσόμενο στάδιο (Ελλάδα). Στο τελευταίο μέρος της ανάλυσης μας πραγματοποιούμαι μελέτη περίπτωσης αναφορικά με την γνωστή Ελληνική Crowdfunding πλατφόρμα «Act4Greece», αναλύοντας τους βασικότερους πυλώνες λειτουργίας της και παραθέτοντας τα συμπεράσματα μας για τον σχεδιασμό και μελλοντική πορεία της συγκεκριμένης πλατφόρμας. i CROWDFUNDING AND ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FINANCE IN GREECE Keywords: Financial Crisis, Alternative Funding, Financial Technology, Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Start-Up Company, Small-Medium Company, Seed Capital, Business Angels, Venture Capitalists, Crowdfunding, Donation Crowdfunding, Rewards Crowdfunding, Debt Crowdfunding, Equity Crowdfunding, Institutional Framework. Abstract This present study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the modern financial methods that any business or organization can benefit from in the Greek Economy, in order to overcome the (seemingly) insurmountable barrier of limited financial liquidity. Initially, a broader analysis of the various financial sources from which a business can raise capital from and for its financing needs, is being conducted in the context of the ongoing scourge of the financial crisis. At a later stage, a detailed analysis of one of the above-mentioned tools is being made and in particular, the finance method of: ‘‘Crowd Financing’’ (commonly known as ‘‘Crowdfunding’’) is thoroughly analyzed and explained. More specifically, its various forms and applications are being investigated in the modern business era, throughout case studies of various business units that have met their financing needs by exploiting this particular financial route. At a later stage of the analysis, we cite and explain the institutional framework under which Crowdfunding is expected to operate, both within Greece and the United States, the latter of which consider to be the country – landmark that marked the Crowdfunding industry as we toady know it. The purpose of this analysis is to gain a better insight into the rules governing the operation of Crowdfunding, both in a country that has developed it to an extreme level (USA), as well as in one that it’s still on its’ infancy stage (Greece). Lastly, we are conducting our case study on the well-known Greek Crowdfunding platform "Act4Greece", analyzing its main pillars of operation and quoting our conclusion on the present design and future course of this particular Crowdfunding platform. iii Περιεχόμενα Περίληψη ................................................................................................................................i Abstract ................................................................................................................................ iii Κατάλογος Πινάκων .............................................................................................................vii Κατάλογος Διαγραμμάτων ....................................................................................... ix ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 1: Σύγχρονα Χρηματοδοτικά Εργαλεία 1.1 Εισαγωγή .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Ιστορική Αναδρομή Της Χρηματοπιστωτικής Κρίσης Του 21ου Αιώνα ............................. 2 1.3 Εργαλεία Χρηματοδότησης Των Επιχειρήσεων .............................................................. 12 1.3.1 Εναλλακτικές Πηγές Χρηματοδότησης Επιχειρήσεων ............................................ 13 1.3.2.Το.Πλαίσιο.Της.Χρηματοοικονομικής.Τεχνολογίας.–.FinTech .............................. 20 1.4 Ανακεφαλαίωση ............................................................................................................. 30 ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 2: Η Έννοια Της Χρηματοδότησης Από Το Πλήθος 2.1 Εισαγωγή ........................................................................................................................ 31 2.2 Το.Πλαίσιο.Της.Συλλογικής.Μίκρο-Χρηματοδότησης .................................................... 32 2.2.1. Ιστορική.Εξέλιξη.Του.Crowdfunding .................................................................... 33 2.2.2.Διαστάσεις.Tου.Crowdfunding .............................................................................. 40 2.2.2.1. Crowdfunding Ανταμοιβών (Reward.–. based) ......................................... 40 2.2.2.2. Crowdfunding.Δωρεών. (Donation.–. based) ............................................. 46 2.2.2.3. Crowdfunding Δανειακών.Κεφαλαίων. (Lending.–. based) ........................ 51 2.2.2.4. Crowdfunding.Μετοχικών. Κεφαλαίων.(Equity.–. based) .......................... 59 2.3 Το Crowdfunding Ως Φαινόμενο Στην Ελλάδα ............................................................... 75 2.4 Ανακεφαλαίωση ............................................................................................................ 87 32323323232332223232 v ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 3: Ανάλυση Θεσμικού Πλαισίου Crowdfunding 3.1 Εισαγωγή ........................................................................................................................ 90 3.2 Ρυθμιστικό Πλαίσιο Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών ..................................................................... 91 3.2.1 Τίτλος Ⅱ: «Δημόσια Προσφορά» (General Solicitation) ......................................... 92 3.2.2 Τίτλος Ⅲ: «Πράξη Crowdfund» (Crowdfund Act) ................................................. 93 3.2.3 Τίτλος Ⅳ: «Κανονισμός Α+» (Regulation A+) ...................................................... 98 3.3 Ελληνικό Ρυθμιστικό Πλαίσιο ........................................................................................ 99 3.4 Πρόταση για Κοινό Ευρωπαϊκό Πλαίσιο....................................................................... 106 3.5 Ανακεφαλαίωση ........................................................................................................... 108 ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ.4:.Μελέτη.Περίπτωσης.Πλατφόρμας.Εθνικής Τράπεζας: «Act4Greece» 4.1 Το Πρόγραμμα «Act4Greece» ...................................................................................... 111 4.2 Η Οργανωτική Δομή Του Προγράμματος ..................................................................... 116 4.3 Οικονομική Ανάλυση Προγράμματος ........................................................................... 120 4.3.1 Οικονομικά Στοιχεία Προγράμματος ................................................................... 120 4.3.2 Τομέας Πρόνοιας, Υγείας και Αλληλεγγύης ......................................................... 121 4.4 Ανάλυση S.W.O.T. και Συμπεράσματα ......................................................................... 126 Παράρτημα........................................................................................................................
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