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Kriya-Yoga" in the Youpi-Sutra
ON THE "KRIYA-YOGA" IN THE YOUPI-SUTRA By Shingen TAKAGI The Yogasutra (YS.) defines that yoga is suppression of the activity of mind in its beginning. The Yogabhasya (YBh.) by Vyasa, the oldest (1) commentary on this sutra says "yoga is concentration (samadhi)". Now- here in the sutra itself yoga is not used as a synonym of samadhi. On the other hand, Nyayasutra (NS.) 4, 2, 38 says of "the practice of a spe- cial kind of concentration" in connection with realizing the cognition of truth, and also NS. 4, 2, 42 says that the practice of yoga should be done in a quiet places such as forest, a natural cave, or river side. According NS. 4, 2, 46, the atman can be purified through abstention (yama), obser- vance (niyama), through yoga and the means of internal exercise. It can be surmised that the author of NS. also used the two terms samadhi and yoga as synonyms, since it speaks of a special kind of concentration on one hand, and practice of yoga on the other. In the Nyayabhasya (NBh. ed. NS. 4, 2, 46), the author says that the method of interior exercise should be understood by the Yogasastra, enumerating austerity (tapas), regulation of breath (pranayama), withdrawal of the senses (pratyahara), contem- plation (dhyana) and fixed-attention (dharana). He gives the practice of yoga (yogacara) as another method. It seems, through NS. 4, 2, 46 as mentioned above, that Vatsyayana regarded yama, niyama, tapas, prana- yama, pratyahara, dhyana, dharana and yogacara as the eight aids to the yoga. -
An Understanding of Maya: the Philosophies of Sankara, Ramanuja and Madhva
An understanding of Maya: The philosophies of Sankara, Ramanuja and Madhva Department of Religion studies Theology University of Pretoria By: John Whitehead 12083802 Supervisor: Dr M Sukdaven 2019 Declaration Declaration of Plagiarism 1. I understand what plagiarism means and I am aware of the university’s policy in this regard. 2. I declare that this Dissertation is my own work. 3. I did not make use of another student’s previous work and I submit this as my own words. 4. I did not allow anyone to copy this work with the intention of presenting it as their own work. I, John Derrick Whitehead hereby declare that the following Dissertation is my own work and that I duly recognized and listed all sources for this study. Date: 3 December 2019 Student number: u12083802 __________________________ 2 Foreword I started my MTh and was unsure of a topic to cover. I knew that Hinduism was the religion I was interested in. Dr. Sukdaven suggested that I embark on the study of the concept of Maya. Although this concept provided a challenge for me and my faith, I wish to thank Dr. Sukdaven for giving me the opportunity to cover such a deep philosophical concept in Hinduism. This concept Maya is deeper than one expects and has broaden and enlightened my mind. Even though this was a difficult theme to cover it did however, give me a clearer understanding of how the world is seen in Hinduism. 3 List of Abbreviations AD Anno Domini BC Before Christ BCE Before Common Era BS Brahmasutra Upanishad BSB Brahmasutra Upanishad with commentary of Sankara BU Brhadaranyaka Upanishad with commentary of Sankara CE Common Era EW Emperical World GB Gitabhasya of Shankara GK Gaudapada Karikas Rg Rig Veda SBH Sribhasya of Ramanuja Svet. -
Draft the District Council of Grand Port
ANNUAL REPORT JULY 2016- JUNE 2017 (Under Section 142 of the Local Government Act 2011, as subsequently amended 1 | P a g e CONTENTS 1.0 Mission, Vision and Value Statement Page 5 2.0 Information on The District Council of Grand Port Page 6 3.0 Roles and function of Committees Page 12 4.0 Trends and Challenges Page 32 5.0 Major Achievements for period July 2016 – June 2017 Page 35 6.0 Financial Statements for year 2016/2017 Page 38 7.0 Comparison of budget with actual for year 2016/2017 Page 46 8.0 Strategic Direction Page 53 2 | P a g e Chief Executive’s Statement Pursuant to Section 142 of the Local Government Act 2011 as subsequently amended, I have much pleasure to submit the Annual Report for the period January– June 2016 for the District Council of Grand Port. I am thankful to the staff for having put their level best to ensure the materialisation of our goals, aims and objectives during the year. My team has seen to it that Council’s decisions be forthwith implemented to the satisfaction of all our stakeholders whilst being in compliance with our statutory duties and legal requirements. This report highlights our main achievements for .July 2016 – June 2017 and indicates our objectives for July 2017 – June 2018 S. TEELUCK CHIEF EXECUTIVE 3 | P a g e Chairperson’s Statement Since my election as Chairperson on 21st December 2016, I have pursued the goals and objectives of the Council and seen to it that same be implemented to the satisfaction of all stakeholders at all times. -
The Lotus Sutra: Opening the Way for the Enlightenment of All People
The Lotus Sutra: Opening the Way for the Enlightenment of All People he Great Teacher T’ien-t’ai of China disciples known as voice-hearers and cause- analyzed the content and meaning of awakened ones), women and evil persons from all the Buddhist sutras, concluding the possibility of ever becoming Buddhas. And Tthat the Lotus Sutra constitutes the highest even for those considered capable of attaining essence of Buddhist teachings. Buddhahood, the pre-Lotus Sutra teachings He classified the Lotus Sutra as conveying presume that the process of doing so requires the teachings that Shakyamuni Buddha countless lifetimes of austere practice. There expounded toward the end of his life, which is no recognition that an ordinary person can the Buddha intended to be passed on to the attain Buddhahood in this single lifetime. The future for the enlightenment of all people. Lotus Sutra, on the other hand, makes clear T’ien-t’ai also pointed out that teachings the that all people without exception possess a Buddha expounded prior to the Lotus Sutra Buddha nature and indicates that they can should be regarded as “expedient means” attain enlightenment in this life, as they are, and set aside. In the Immeasurable Meanings in their present form. Sutra, considered an introduction to the Lotus Sutra, Shakyamuni says: “Preaching the Law in various different ways, I made use of the Outline and Structure of power of expedient means. But in these more the Lotus Sutra than forty years, I have not yet revealed the truth” (The Lotus Sutra and Its Opening and n analyzing the contents of the Lotus Sutra, Closing Sutras, p. -
Mothering Rituals a Study on Low Caste Women of Kolkata
Riikka Uuksulainen MOTHERING RITUALS: A STUDY ON LOW CASTE WOMEN IN KOLKATA Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Helsinki in lecture hall 6, on 26 June 2013, at 12 o’clock noon. HELSINKI 2013 Copyright © Riikka Uuksulainen !"#$% &'() Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................. ix List of illustrations .................................................................................................................. x Tables ................................................................................................................................ x Figures .............................................................................................................................. x Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................xii PART I: INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Prologue: a feast for the benefit of children ................................................................. 3 1.2 In search of the voice: defining the research task ........................................................ 3 1.3 Introductory remarks on the research data, sources, and method ................................. 5 1.4 Reflections on the niche ............................................................................................. -
Amrita School of Ayurveda Department of Post Graduate Studies List of Synopsis, Guide & Co-Guide
AMRITA SCHOOL OF AYURVEDA DEPARTMENT OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES LIST OF SYNOPSIS, GUIDE & CO-GUIDE Department of PANCHAKARMA Roll Scholar Topic of Synopsis Guide Co-Guide no “Efficacy Of Sadyo Vamana In Urdhwaga Amlapitha 9. Dr. Aswathy.G Dr. Anandaraman.P.V. Dr.Prathibha .C.K – An Observational Study” “Standardization Of The Mukha Abhyanga Dr.K.Parameswaran 10. Dr. Preeja Preman Procedure With Manjishtadya Taila And Evaluation Dr. Anandaraman. P. V. Namboothiri Of Outcomes In Vyanga” Open Label Clinical Study To Compare The Effect Of Dr.Parameswaran 11. Dr. Soumya Jacob Choorna Pinda Sweda With Nadi Sweda In Dr. Prathibha C.K Namboothiri Manyastambha “Open Label Clinical Study To Assess The 12. Dr. Subina.S Vastipratyagamana Kala Of Vaitharanavasti And Its Dr. Prathibha.C.K. Dr Anandaraman.P.V Outcomes In Gridhrasi.” AMRITA SCHOOL OF AYURVEDA AMRITA VISWAVIDYAPEETHAM (University under sec.3 UGC Act 1956) PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION FOR AYURVEDA VACHASPATI [M.D] IN PANCHAKARMA “EFFICACY OF SADYO VAMANA IN URDHWAGA AMLAPITHA – AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY” BY ASWATHY.G 1ST YEAR P.G SCHOLAR DEPARTMENT OF P.G STUDIES IN PANCHAKARMA AMRITA SCHOOL OF AYURVEDA, VALLIKAVU, CLAPPANA P.O. KOLLAM GUIDE Dr.ANANDARAMAN.P.V M.D(Panchakarma) ASSOCIATE PROFFESSOR DEPT.OF PANCHAKARMA CO-GUIDE Dr. PRATHIBHA.C.K M.D(Panchakarma) ASSOCIATE PROFFESSOR DEPT.OF PANCHAKARMA SESSION – 2013 – 14 From, Aswathy.G Preliminary M.D.(Ayu) Scholar in Panchakarma, Department of Post graduate studies in Panchakarma, Amrita school of Ayurveda,Kollam. To, The Registrar, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetam, Ettimadai, Coimbatore. Through, The Head of the department, Department of Post graduate studies in Panchakarma, Amrita school of Ayurveda,Kollam. -
Frontispiece Krsna Riding Through the Air on a Symbolic Elephant Made of Cowgirls
Frontispiece Krsna riding through the air on a symbolic elephant made of cowgirls. Rajasthan, Jaipur School c. 1800. An introduction to Hinduism GAVIN FLOOD Lecturer in Religious Studies Department of Theology and Religious Studies University of Wales, Lampeter C a m b r i d g e UNIVERSITY PRESS Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 i r p 40 West 20th Street, New York, N Y 10 0 11-4 2 11, USA 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia © Cambridge University Press 1996 First published 1996 Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record fo r this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data Flood, Gavin D., 1954- An introduction to Hinduism / by Gavin Flood, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. is b n 0 521 43304 5 (hardback). - i s b n o 521 43878 o (paperback) 1. Hinduism. I. Title. BL1202.F56 1996 294.5-DC20 96-42755CIP i s b n o 521 43304 5 hardback i s b n o 521 43878 o paperback CENTRAL- BIBUOTEKET For Leela and Claire Contents List of illustrations x Acknowledgements xii A note on language and transliteration xiii Abbreviations and texts xv Introduction I 1 Points of departure 5 2 Ancient origins 23 3 Dharma 51 4 Yoga and renunciation 75 5 Narrative traditions and early Vaisnavism 103 6 The love of Visnu 128 7 Saiva and tantric religion 148 8 The Goddess and Sakta traditions 174 9 Hindu ritual 198 10 Hindu theology and philosophy 224 11 Hinduism and the modern world 250 Notes 274 Bibliography 305 Index 329 Illustrations Plates Unless otherwise stated, the author is responsible for the plates. -
What the Upanisads Teach
What the Upanisads Teach by Suhotra Swami Part One The Muktikopanisad lists the names of 108 Upanisads (see Cd Adi 7. 108p). Of these, Srila Prabhupada states that 11 are considered to be the topmost: Isa, Kena, Katha, Prasna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Taittiriya, Aitareya, Chandogya, Brhadaranyaka and Svetasvatara . For the first 10 of these 11, Sankaracarya and Madhvacarya wrote commentaries. Besides these commentaries, in their bhasyas on Vedanta-sutra they have cited passages from Svetasvatara Upanisad , as well as Subala, Kausitaki and Mahanarayana Upanisads. Ramanujacarya commented on the important passages of 9 of the first 10 Upanisads. Because the first 10 received special attention from the 3 great bhasyakaras , they are called Dasopanisad . Along with the 11 listed as topmost by Srila Prabhupada, 3 which Sankara and Madhva quoted in their sutra-bhasyas -- Subala, Kausitaki and Mahanarayana Upanisads --are considered more important than the remaining 97 Upanisads. That is because these 14 Upanisads are directly referred to by Srila Vyasadeva himself in Vedanta-sutra . Thus the 14 Upanisads of Vedanta are: Isa, Kena, Katha, Prasna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Aitareya, Taittiriya, Brhadaranyaka, Chandogya, Svetasvatara, Kausitaki, Subala and Mahanarayana. These 14 belong to various portions of the 4 Vedas-- Rg, Yajus, Sama and Atharva. Of the 14, 8 ( Brhadaranyaka, Chandogya, Taittrirya, Mundaka, Katha, Aitareya, Prasna and Svetasvatara ) are employed by Vyasa in sutras that are considered especially important. In the Gaudiya Vaisnava sampradaya , Srila Baladeva Vidyabhusana shines as an acarya of vedanta-darsana. Other great Gaudiya acaryas were not met with the need to demonstrate the link between Mahaprabhu's siksa and the Upanisads and Vedanta-sutra. -
What Do You Know About Hinduism?
UWS An Inclusive Community UWS Multifaith Chaplaincy September 2008 What do you know about Hinduism? Followers of the teachings of the Vedas are called Hindus. Hindu staff and students form a substantial part of the UWS community. Acknowledging and respecting Hindu identities at UWS therefore requires, in part, a basic understanding of what Hinduism and being a Hindu is about. About Hinduism Hinduism originated and developed in India over the last 3,000-3,500 years. It is the majority religion in India. Hindus believe in one Supreme God who manifests him/herself in many different forms. Some of these include Krishna, Durga, Ganesh, Sakti (Devi), Vishnu, Surya, Siva and Skanda (Murugan). Hindus believe: • in the Vedas (scriptures) • there is one Supreme God who is the creator of the universe • in reincarnation • that everyone creates their own destiny (karma) There are four major Hindu denominations classified according to their respective focus of worship. Vaishnavism Vaishnavism worship Vishnu and his incarnations, particularly Krishna and Rama, as the Supreme God. Saivism Saivites worship Siva (also spelt Shiva) as the Supreme God. Shaktism Shaktas worship God as the Shakti, Sri Devi or the Divine Mother in her many forms. Hindu Dress Code Traditional Hindu women wear the sari. Traditional male Hindus wear the Smartism white cotton dhoti. Smarta Hindus view the different manifestations of God as equivalent. They accept all major Hindu gods and are commonly known as liberal or Women in particular may wear a dot (tilak) of turmeric powder or other non-sectarian. coloured substance on their foreheads as a symbol of their religion. -
Ramanuja Darshanam
Table of Contents Ramanuja Darshanam Editor: Editorial 1 Sri Sridhar Srinivasan Who is the quintessential SriVaishnava Sri Kuresha - The embodiment of all 3 Associate Editor: RAMANUJA DARSHANAM Sri Vaishnava virtues Smt Harini Raghavan Kulashekhara Azhvar & 8 (Philosophy of Ramanuja) Perumal Thirumozhi Anubhavam Advisory Board: Great Saints and Teachers 18 Sri Mukundan Pattangi Sri Stavam of KooratazhvAn 24 Sri TA Varadhan Divine Places – Thirumal irum Solai 26 Sri TCA Venkatesan Gadya Trayam of Swami Ramanuja 30 Subscription: Moral story 34 Each Issue: $5 Website in focus 36 Annual: $20 Answers to Last Quiz 36 Calendar (Jan – Mar 04) 37 Email [email protected] About the Cover image The cover of this issue presents the image of Swami Ramanuja, as seen in the temple of Lord Srinivasa at Thirumala (Thirupathi). This image is very unique. Here, one can see Ramanuja with the gnyAna mudra (the sign of a teacher; see his right/left hands); usually, Swami Ramanuja’s images always present him in the anjali mudra (offering worship, both hands together in obeisance). Our elders say that Swami Ramanuja’s image at Thirumala shows the gnyAna mudra, because it is here that Swami Ramanuja gave his lectures on Vedarta Sangraha, his insightful, profound treatise on the meaning of the Upanishads. It is also said that Swami Ramanuja here is considered an Acharya to Lord Srinivasa Himself, and that is why the hundi is located right in front of swami Ramanuja at the temple (as a mark of respect to an Acharya). In Thirumala, other than Lord Srinivasa, Varaha, Narasimha and A VEDICS JOURNAL Varadaraja, the only other accepted shrine is that of Swami Ramanuja. -
04-05 RDW Editorial
editorial comment a long time. After the Cross, Jewish people would kill Stephen. Later, Jew- Most mission enigmas ish people reacting negatively to Paul’s hinge on our interpretation preaching would stone Paul and leave him for dead. Soon, however, the Romans of the Bible. would kill more Christians than the Jews ever killed anyone of any kind. Ralph D. Winter In other words, THE Jews are not unique in this gruesome narrative. The same pattern is seen across the centuries in the history of missions as fearless Dear Reader, foreign by most of the people in India. missionaries have dared to penetrate the This issue of Mission Frontiers However, in India, as Biblical faith has dangerous domains of “those who sit focuses once more on the incredible begun to surface signifi cantly in Hindu in darkness.” Remember, in Scripture, importance of the emergence of a major cultural garments (for millions of darkness is not merely the absence of Hindu—a culturally Hindu—move- cultural Hindus), it is a scandal to many light but the presence of a dark, intel- ment to Christ. Curiously, our big- people both there and here. ligent, evil personality. Paul explained gest problem in digesting this kind of But this is not the only issue of to Agrippa that his call was to “open startling information is understanding interpretation of the Bible. Another their eyes, to turn them from darkness the Bible correctly. So let’s talk a little fascinating complexity is that the Bible to light, and from the dominion of about the use and misuse of the Bible. -
The Inaugural Issue Sutra Journal • Aug/2015 • Issue 1
SUTRA JOURNAL ETERNAL TRUTHS • MODERN VOICES AUG/2015 YOGA VEDANTA TANTRA BUDDHA DHARMA AYURVEDA INDOLOGY SANSKRIT YATRA INTERVIEWS HINDU CULTURE BOOKSTORE HERE SHE COMES THE INAUGURAL ISSUE SUTRA JOURNAL • AUG/2015 • ISSUE 1 Invocation 2 Editorial 3 What is Dharma? Pankaj Seth 9 Fritjof Capra and the Dharmic worldview Aravindan Neelakandan 15 Vedanta is self study Chris Almond 32 Yoga and four aims of life Pankaj Seth 37 The Gita and me Phil Goldberg 41 Interview: Anneke Lucas - Liberation Prison Yoga 45 Mantra: Sthaneshwar Timalsina 56 Yatra: India and the sacred • multimedia presentation 67 If you meet the Buddha on the road, kill him Vikram Zutshi 69 Buddha: Nibbana Sutta 78 Who is a Hindu? Jeffery D. Long 79 An introduction to the Yoga Vasistha Mary Hicks 90 Sankalpa Molly Birkholm 97 Developing a continuity of practice Virochana Khalsa 101 In appreciation of the Gita Jeffery D. Long 109 The role of devotion in yoga Bill Francis Barry 113 Road to Dharma Brandon Fulbrook 120 Ayurveda: The list of foremost things 125 Critics corner: Yoga as the colonized subject Sri Louise 129 Meditation: When the thunderbolt strikes Kathleen Reynolds 137 Devata: What is deity worship? 141 Ganesha 143 1 All rights reserved INVOCATION O LIGHT, ILLUMINATE ME RG VEDA Tree shrine at Vijaynagar EDITORIAL Welcome to the inaugural issue of Sutra Journal, a free, monthly online magazine with a Dharmic focus, fea- turing articles on Yoga, Vedanta, Tantra, Buddhism, Ayurveda, and Indology. Yoga arose and exists within the Dharma, which is a set of timeless teachings, holistic in nature, covering the gamut from the worldly to the metaphysical, from science to art to ritual, incorporating Vedanta, Tantra, Bud- dhism, Ayurveda, and other dimensions of what has been brought forward by the Indian civilization.