A Photographic Guide to the Arachnids of Drake Bay, Costa Rica

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Photographic Guide to the Arachnids of Drake Bay, Costa Rica A Photographic Guide to the Arachnids of Drake Bay, Costa Rica Gianfranco Gómez and Tracie Stice A Photographic Guide to the Arachnids of Drake Bay, version 16 Identifications by Carlos Víquez, Stuart Longhorn and Darko Cotoras Last updated September 9, 2021 Citation: Gómez, G. and Stice T. (2018) A Photographic Guide to the Arachnids of Drake Bay, Costa Rica. Version 8. [pdf file] Retrieved from www.thenighttour.com/arachnids.pdf Featured Arachnids Araneae Pholcidae Metagonia osa Anyphaenidae Amblypygi Salticidae Patrera sp. Phrynidae Araneidae Beata sp. Paraphrynus laevifrons Colonus sylvanus Acacesia tenella Corythalia sp. Alpaida bicornuta Hypaeus sp. Opiliones Alpaida championi Itata sp. Cosmetidae Argiope argentata Lyssomanes sp. Cynorta sp. Argiope sp. Messua sp. Eucynortella sp. Argiope submaronica Myrmarachne sp. Paecilaema chiriquiensis Bertrana rufostriata Phiale mimica Gonyleptidae Cyclosa sp. Scytodidae Eriophora fuliginea Hernandria sp. Eriophora nephiloides Scytodes sp. Sclerosomatidae Eriophora ravilla Selenopidae Prionostemma sp. Eustala aff. fuscovittata Selenops sp. Zalmoxidae Eustala sp. Senoculidae Pseudoscorpiones Senoculus sp. Gasteracantha cancriformis Chernetidae Senoculus zeteki Kapogea sellata Semeiochernes sp. Mastophora alvareztoroi Sparassidae Micrathena brevipes Prusia aff. semotus Schizomida Micrathena cf. duodecimspinosa Synotaxidae Hubbardiidae Micrathena furcula Synotaxus sp. Scorpiones Micrathena horrida Tetragnathidae Buthidae Micrathena cf. mitrata Leucauge sp. Ananteris platnicki Micrathena sexspinosa Theraphosidae Centruroides bicolor Micrathena sp. Lasiodora sp. Tityus ocelote Micrathena zilchi Neischnocolus cf. panamanus Tityus sp. Scoloderus cordatus Psalmopoeus reduncus Solifugae Verrucosa arenata Theridiidae Ammotrechidae Witica crassicaudus Ariamnes sp. Ammotrechella sp. Corinnidae Chrysso_sp. Myrmecotypus sp. Cryptachaea sp. Ctenidae Episinus sp. Ancylometes bogotensis Rhomphaea sp. Kiekie sp. Theridiosomatidae Phoneutria depilata Epeirotypus sp. Ctenizidae Thomisidae Ummidia sp. Epicadus granulatus Deinopidae Epicadus heterogaster Deinopis longipes Epicadus taczanowskii Hersilidae Epicadus tigrinus Neotama mexicana Mecaphesa sp. Neotama sp. Strophius hirsutus Lycosidae Trechaleidae Pardosa sp. Cupiennius coccineus Mimetidae Enna sp. Gelanor cf. zonatus Trechalea extensa Mimetus sp. Trechalea sp. Nephilidae Uloboridae Nephila clavipes Miagrammopes sp. Oxyopidae Uloborus sp. Hamataliwa sp. Pisauridae Acari: Order Trombidiformes Thaumasia argenteonotata Trombidiidae 2 Araneae Anyphaenidae 1 2 Patrera sp. Patrera sp. feeding Araneidae 1 Acacesia tenella 2 2A 3 Alpaida bicornuta with egg sac Alpaida bicornuta with web Alpaida championi 3 Back to Contents Page 4 5 5A Argiope argentata Argiope sp. Argiope sp. 6 6A Argiope submaronica Juvenile Argiope submaronica 7 7A 7B Bertrana rufostriata Bertrana rufostriata Bertrana rufostriata 8 8A 8B Cyclosa sp. feeding Cyclosa sp. Cyclosa sp. with parasitic wasp larva attached 4 Back to Contents Page 9 9A 9B Eriophora fuliginea Eriophora fuliginea feeding on Eriophora fuliginea female (below) Bioluminescent Click Beetle, and male (above right) Pyrophora sp. 10B 10 10A Eriophora nephiloides Eriophora nephiloides Eriophora nephiloides 11 11A 11B Eriophora ravilla Eriophora ravilla Eriophora ravilla 12A 12B 12 - Eustala aff. fuscovittata Eustala aff. fuscovittata Eustala aff. fuscovittata 5 Back to Contents Page 13 13A 13B Eustala sp. Eustala sp. Eustala sp. with web 14 14A 14B Eustala sp. Eustala sp. Eustala sp. 15 15A 15B Gasteracantha cancriformis Gasteracantha cancriformis Gasteracantha cancriformis 16 16A 16B Kapogea sellata Kapogea sellata Kapogea sellata ***Mastophora alvareztoroi is a new record for Central America*** 6 Back to Contents Page 17 17A 17B Mastophora alvareztoroi hunting with Mastophora alvareztoroi Mastophora alvareztoroi hunting bola with bola 18 19 19A Micrathena brevipes Micrathena cf. duodecimspinosa Micrathena cf. duodecimspinosa 20 20A 20B Micrathena furcula (yellow morph) Micrathena furcula (orange morph) Micrathena furcula (orange morph) female spinning egg sac female spinning egg sac female spinning egg sac 21 21A 21B Micrathena horrida female Micrathena horrida male Micrathena horrida female 7 Back to Contents Page 21C 21D 21E Micrathena horrida female Micrathena horrida female Micrathena horrida female 22 22A 22B Micrathena cf. mitrata female Micrathena cf. mitrata Micrathena cf. mitrata spinning egg sac 23 23A 23B Micrathena aff. sexspinosa Micrathena aff. sexspinosa Micrathena aff. sexspinosa juvenile 24 Micrathena zilchi 8 Back to Contents Page 24 24A Scoloderus cordatus Scoloderus cordatus 24B Scoloderus cordatus 25 25A 25B Verrucosa arenata Verrucosa arenata female with egg sac Verrucosa arenata with egg sac 26 26A 26B Witica crassicaudus Witica crassicaudus Witica crassicaudus Corinnidae 1 2 3 9 Back to Contents Page Family Corinnidae Family Corinnidae Family Corinnidae 4 4A 4B Myrmecotypus sp. Myrmecotypus sp. mating pair Myrmecotypus sp. female spinning egg sac Ctenidae 1 1A 1B Family Ctenidae Family Ctenidae Family Ctenidae 2 2A 2B Ancylometes bogotensis male Ancylometes bogotensis female Ancylometes bogotensis female 10 Back to Contents Page 3 3A 4 Kiekie sp. Kiekie sp. Kiekie sp. feeding on Scorpion, Tityus sp. 4A 4B 4C Kiekie sp. feeding on Pygmy Rain Frog, Kiekie sp. Kiekie sp. feeding on Kiekie sp. Pristimantis ridens 5 5A 5B Phoneutria depilata male Phoneutria depilata male Phoneutria depilata female ***Formerly P. boliviensis*** 5C D 5E Phoneutria depilata female Phoneutria depilata feeding on Giant Phoneutria depilata female Marine Toad (Rhinella horribilis) 11 Back to Contents Page Ctenizidae 1 1A 1B Ummidia sp. female Ummidia sp. female Ummidia sp. female at door opening 1C 1D 1E Ummidia sp. male Ummidia sp. male Ummidia sp. male Deinopidae 1 1A 1B Deinopis longipes subadult male feeding Deinopis longipes female with eggs Deinopis longipes 12 Back to Contents Page Hersilida 1 2 Neotama mexicana Neotama sp. Lycosidae 1 1A 1B Pardosa sp. female with offspring on Pardosa sp. frontal view Pardosa sp. with offspring her back Mimetidae 1 1A 1B Gelanor cf. zonatus Gelanor cf. zonatus Gelanor cf. zonatus 13 Back to Contents Page 2 2A 2B Mimetus sp. Mimetus sp. at its retreat Mimetus sp. Nephilidae 1 1A 1B Nephila clavipes female Nephila clavipes female Nephila clavipes female with kleptoparasitic flies possibly in the Chloropidae family Oxyopidae 1 1A 1B Hamataliwa sp. Hamataliwa sp. Hamataliwa sp. 14 Back to Contents Page Pholcidae 1B 1 1A Metagonia osa male feeding Metagonia osa female Metagonia osa female 1D Metagonia osa male and female 1C Metagonia osa mating Pisauridae 1 1A 1B Thaumasia argenteonotata Thaumasia argenteonotata Thaumasia argenteonotata 15 Back to Contents Page Salticidae 1 1A 2 Family Salticidae Family Salticidae (frontal view of 1) Family Salticidae 3 3A 4 Family Salticidae feeding on a fly Family Salticidae feeding on a fly Family Salticidae 5 5A 5B Beata sp. Beata sp. Beata sp. 6 7 7A Colonus sylvanus male Corythalia voluta Corythalia voluta 16 Back to Contents Page 8 9 9A Corythalia sp. Corythalia sp. Corythalia sp. 10 10A 10B Hypaeus sp. Hypaeus sp. Hypaeus sp. feedin on an insect 11 11A 11B Itata sp. Itata sp. Itata sp. 12 13 13A Lyssomanes sp. Lyssomanes sp. Lyssomanes sp. with eggs 17 Back to Contents Page 14 14A 15 Messua sp. Messua sp. feeding Messua sp. 16 16A 16B Myrmarachne sp. Myrmarachne sp. Myrmarachne sp. 17 17A 17B Phiale mimica Phiale mimica Phiale mimica 17C 17D 17E Phiale mimica Phiale mimica Phiale mimica Phiale mimica is a new record for Costa Rica. It is a polymorphic species as per Galiano, 1981 (Revision del genero Phiale C. L. Koch, 1846 (Araneae, Salticidae) III. Las especies polimorficas del grupo mimica. Journal of Arachnology 9: 61-85). Coloration is highly variable. 18 Back to Contents Page Scytodidae 1 1A 1B Scytodes sp. Scytodes sp. Scytodes sp. feeding 1C 1D Scytodes sp. feeding Scytodes sp. female with egg sac Selenopidae 1 Selenops sp. Senoculidae 1 Senoculus sp. 1A Senoculus sp. 1B Senoculus sp. 19 Back to Contents Page 2 Senoculus zeteki 2A Senoculus zeteki female with egg sac Sparassidae 1A Family Sparassidae 1A Family Sparassidae 1B Family Sparassidae 2A Family Sparassidae 3 Family Sparassidae Female spider with 2 Family Sparassidae spiderlings 20 Back to Contents Page 3 Family Sparassidae 3A Family Sparassidae 4 Family Sparassidae 4A Family Sparassidae 4B Family Sparassidae (upper view) 5 Family Sparassidae 5A Family Sparassidae 5B Family Sparassidae 6 Prusia aff. semotus 6A Prusia aff. semotus 6B Prusia aff. semotus *** Prusia aff. semotus is a new record for Costa Rica*** 5E Family 21 Back to Contents Page Synotaxidae 1 1A 1B Synotaxus sp. male Synotaxus sp. male Synotaxus sp. female Tetragnathidae 1 1A Family Tetragnathidae Family Tetragnathidae 2A 2 2B Family Tetragnathidae Family Tetragnathidae Family Tetragnathidae with eggs 3 4 5 Leucauge sp. Leucauge sp. Leucauge sp. 22 Back to Contents Page Theraphosidae 1 1A 1B Lasiodora sp. female Lasiodora sp. female Lasiodora sp. male 2 2A 2B Neischnocolus cf. panamanus female Neischnocolus cf. panamanus female Neischnocolus cf. panamanus female 2C 2D 2E Neischnocolus cf. panamanus male Neischnocolus cf. panamanus male Neischnocolus cf. panamanus male 2F Neischnocolus cf. panamanus view of iridescent tarsus 23 Back to Contents Page 3 3A Psalmopoeus reduncus female Psalmopoeus reduncus male Theridiidae 1 Family Theridiidae 2 2A 2B Ariamnes sp. Ariamnes sp. female with egg sac Ariamnes sp.
Recommended publications
  • Higher-Level Phylogenetics of Linyphiid Spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae) Based on Morphological and Molecular Evidence
    Cladistics Cladistics 25 (2009) 231–262 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00249.x Higher-level phylogenetics of linyphiid spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence Miquel A. Arnedoa,*, Gustavo Hormigab and Nikolaj Scharff c aDepartament Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-8028 Barcelona, Spain; bDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; cDepartment of Entomology, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Accepted 19 November 2008 Abstract This study infers the higher-level cladistic relationships of linyphiid spiders from five genes (mitochondrial CO1, 16S; nuclear 28S, 18S, histone H3) and morphological data. In total, the character matrix includes 47 taxa: 35 linyphiids representing the currently used subfamilies of Linyphiidae (Stemonyphantinae, Mynogleninae, Erigoninae, and Linyphiinae (Micronetini plus Linyphiini)) and 12 outgroup species representing nine araneoid families (Pimoidae, Theridiidae, Nesticidae, Synotaxidae, Cyatholipidae, Mysmenidae, Theridiosomatidae, Tetragnathidae, and Araneidae). The morphological characters include those used in recent studies of linyphiid phylogenetics, covering both genitalic and somatic morphology. Different sequence alignments and analytical methods produce different cladistic hypotheses. Lack of congruence among different analyses is, in part, due to the shifting placement of Labulla, Pityohyphantes,
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Anti-Predator Devices of Spiders* Invaders Away Or Kill and Eat Them
    Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc. (1995) 10 (3), 81-96 81 A review of the anti-predator devices of spiders* invaders away or kill and eat them. The pirate spiders (Mimetidae) that have been studied feed almost J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson exclusively on other spiders, whilst certain Salticidae 10 Battishill Street, (Portia spp.) feed not only upon insects, but sometimes London Nl 1TE also on other jumping spiders, and even tackle large orb-weavers in their webs (see below). Several other Summary families and genera, including Archaeidae, Palpimanus (Palpimanidae), Argyrodes and Theridion (Theridiidae), The predators of spiders are mostly either about the and Chorizopes (Araneidae) contain species that include same size as their prey (arthropods) or much larger (vertebrates), against each of which different types of de- other spiders in their diet. Sexual cannibalism has been fence have evolved. Primary defences include anachoresis, reviewed by Elgar (1992). Other books in which the phenology, crypsis, protective resemblance and disguise, enemies of spiders are discussed include: Berland (1932), spines and warning coloration, mimicry (especially of ants), Bristowe (1958), Cloudsley-Thompson (1958, 1980), cocoons and retreats, barrier webs, web stabilimenta and Edmunds (1974), Gertsch (1949), Main (1976), Millot detritus, and communal webs. Secondary defences are flight, dropping to the ground, colour change and thanatosis, (1949), Preston-Mafham, R. & K. (1984), Savory (1928), web vibration, whirling and bouncing, autotomy, venoms Thomas (1953) and Wise (1993). (For earlier references, and defensive fluids, urticating setae, warning sounds and see Warburton, 1909). deimatic displays. The anti-predator adaptations of spiders The major predators of spiders fall into two cate- are extremely complex, and combinations of the devices gories: (a) those about the same size as their prey (mainly listed frequently occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Howard Associate Professor of Natural History and Curator Of
    INGI AGNARSSON PH.D. Howard Associate Professor of Natural History and Curator of Invertebrates, Department of Biology, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405-0086 E-mail: [email protected]; Web: http://theridiidae.com/ and http://www.islandbiogeography.org/; Phone: (+1) 802-656-0460 CURRICULUM VITAE SUMMARY PhD: 2004. #Pubs: 138. G-Scholar-H: 42; i10: 103; citations: 6173. New species: 74. Grants: >$2,500,000. PERSONAL Born: Reykjavík, Iceland, 11 January 1971 Citizenship: Icelandic Languages: (speak/read) – Icelandic, English, Spanish; (read) – Danish; (basic) – German PREPARATION University of Akron, Akron, 2007-2008, Postdoctoral researcher. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 2005-2007, Postdoctoral researcher. George Washington University, Washington DC, 1998-2004, Ph.D. The University of Iceland, Reykjavík, 1992-1995, B.Sc. PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS University of Vermont, Burlington. 2016-present, Associate Professor. University of Vermont, Burlington, 2012-2016, Assistant Professor. University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, 2008-2012, Assistant Professor. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 2004-2007, 2010- present. Research Associate. Hubei University, Wuhan, China. Adjunct Professor. 2016-present. Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Reykjavík, 1995-1998. Researcher (Icelandic invertebrates). Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, 1993-1994. Research Assistant (rocky shore ecology). GRANTS Institute of Museum and Library Services (MA-30-19-0642-19), 2019-2021, co-PI ($222,010). Museums for America Award for infrastructure and staff salaries. National Geographic Society (WW-203R-17), 2017-2020, PI ($30,000). Caribbean Caves as biodiversity drivers and natural units for conservation. National Science Foundation (IOS-1656460), 2017-2021: one of four PIs (total award $903,385 thereof $128,259 to UVM).
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Whip Scorpion Mastigoproctus Giganteus Giganteus (Lucas, 1835) (Arachnida: Thelyphonida (=Uropygi): Thelyphonidae) 1 William H
    EENY493 Giant Whip Scorpion Mastigoproctus giganteus giganteus (Lucas, 1835) (Arachnida: Thelyphonida (=Uropygi): Thelyphonidae) 1 William H. Kern and Ralph E. Mitchell2 Introduction shrimp can deliver to an unsuspecting finger during sorting of the shrimp from the by-catch. The only whip scorpion found in the United States is the giant whip scorpion, Mastigoproctus giganteus giganteus (Lucas). The giant whip scorpion is also known as the ‘vinegaroon’ or ‘grampus’ in some local regions where they occur. To encounter a giant whip scorpion for the first time can be an alarming experience! What seems like a miniature monster from a horror movie is really a fairly benign creature. While called a scorpion, this arachnid has neither the venom-filled stinger found in scorpions nor the venomous bite found in some spiders. One very distinct and curious feature of whip scorpions is its long thin caudal appendage, which is directly related to their common name “whip-scorpion.” The common name ‘vinegaroon’ is related to their ability to give off a spray of concentrated (85%) acetic acid from the base of the whip-like tail. This produces that tell-tale vinegar-like scent. The common name ‘grampus’ may be related to the mantis shrimp, also called the grampus. The mantis shrimp Figure 1. The giant whip scorpion or ‘vingaroon’, Mastigoproctus is a marine crustacean that can deliver a painful wound giganteus giganteus (Lucas). Credits: R. Mitchell, UF/IFAS with its mantis-like, raptorial front legs. Often captured with shrimp during coastal trawling, shrimpers dislike this creature because of the lightning fast slashing cut mantis 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Abundance and Diversity O F Web-Building Spiders in Relation to Habita T Structure on Barro Colorado Island, Panama
    Lubin, Y . D. 1978 . Seasonal abundance and diversity of web-building spiders in relation to habita t structure on Barro Colorado Island, Panama . J. Arachnol. 6 :31-51 . SEASONAL ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY O F WEB-BUILDING SPIDERS IN RELATION TO HABITA T STRUCTURE ON BARRO COLORADO ISLAND, PANAMA Yael D . Lubin Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute P. O. Box 2072, Balboa, Canal Zone ABSTRAC T Web-building spiders were censused by a visual censuring method in tropical forest understory o n Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama Canal Zone. An overall trend of low numbers of spiders in th e late dry season and early wet season (March to May) was seen on all transects . The majority of th e species on the transects had wet season distribution patterns . Some species which occurred year-round on the forest transects had wet season distributions on a clearing-edge transect . A shortage of flyin g insect prey or dessication may have been responsible for the observed distributions . Species diversity and diversity of web types followed the overall seasonal pattern of spider abun- dance. The diversities of species and of web types were greatest on the forest transect with the highes t diversity of structural supports for spider webs . Web density, however, was greatest on the transect a t the edge of a small clearing . Faunal composition, diversity of web types, and seasonal patterns of distribution of spiders on th e BCI transects differed markedly from similar measures derived from censuses taken in a tropica l montane habitat in New Guinea . The differences were attributed in part to differences in the habitat s and in the evenness of the climate .
    [Show full text]
  • (Schizomida: Protoschizomidae) from Guerrero, Mexico [Nueva Especie De Agastoschizomus (Schizomida: Protoschizomidae) De Guerrero, México]
    Montaño Moreno, Héctor, and Oscar F. Francke. 2009. A new species of Agastoschizomus (Schizomida: Protoschizomidae) from Guerrero, Mexico [Nueva especie de Agastoschizomus (Schizomida: Protoschizomidae) de Guerrero, México]. Texas Memorial Museum Speleological Monographs, 7. Studies on the cave and endogean fauna of North America, V. Pp. 33-36. A NEW SPECIES OF AGASTOSCHIZOMUS (SCHIZOMIDA: PROTOSCHIZOMIDAE) FROM GUERRERO, MEXICO Héctor Montaño Moreno and Oscar F. Francke Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Instituto de Biologia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apto, Postal 70-153, México, D. F. 04510 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Tamaulipas (one). Recently, a juvenile specimen was re- ABSTRACT ported from Guerrero (Armas and Palacios-Vargas, 2006). Agastoschizomus juxtlahuacensis is described from Grutas The objective of this contribution is to describe the first de Juxtlahuaca, Guerrero. It is a troglobite, as are the other four species from a cave in the Sierra Madre Occidental, rep- known species in the genus. This is the first species in this genus resenting the southernmost distribution record for the reported from the Sierra Madre Occidental. family. This is the smallest species in the genus, requir- RESUMEN ing slight revisions to the generic diagnosis. Se describe Agastoschizomus juxtlahuacensis de las Grutas METHODS de Juxtlahuaca, Guerrero. La nueva especie es troglobia, al igual que las cuatro conocidas anteriormente. Es la primera especie de dicho género reportada para la Sierra Madre Occidental. Eight specimens were collected during two visits to the cave, 700 m or more beyond the entrance. The speci- mens were immediately fixed in 80% ethanol. Dissec- INTRODUCTION tions (chelicera and female genital plate) were done un- der a Nikon SMZ-800 stereoscope fitted with a camera Mexico has one of the more diverse schizomid fau- lucida for the illustrations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Fossil Whip Spiders Russell J
    Garwood et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:105 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-0931-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The phylogeny of fossil whip spiders Russell J. Garwood1,2*, Jason A. Dunlop3, Brian J. Knecht4 and Thomas A. Hegna4 Abstract Background: Arachnids are a highly successful group of land-dwelling arthropods. They are major contributors to modern terrestrial ecosystems, and have a deep evolutionary history. Whip spiders (Arachnida, Amblypygi), are one of the smaller arachnid orders with ca. 190 living species. Here we restudy one of the oldest fossil representatives of the group, Graeophonus anglicus Pocock, 1911 from the Late Carboniferous (Duckmantian, ca. 315 Ma) British Middle Coal Measures of the West Midlands, UK. Using X-ray microtomography, our principal aim was to resolve details of the limbs and mouthparts which would allow us to test whether this fossil belongs in the extant, relict family Paracharontidae; represented today by a single, blind species Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921. Results: Tomography reveals several novel and significant character states for G. anglicus; most notably in the chelicerae, pedipalps and walking legs. These allowed it to be scored into a phylogenetic analysis together with the recently described Paracharonopsis cambayensis Engel & Grimaldi, 2014 from the Eocene (ca. 52 Ma) Cambay amber, and Kronocharon prendinii Engel & Grimaldi, 2014 from Cretaceous (ca. 99 Ma) Burmese amber. We recovered relationships of the form ((Graeophonus (Paracharonopsis + Paracharon)) + (Charinus (Stygophrynus (Kronocharon (Charon (Musicodamon + Paraphrynus)))))). This tree largely reflects Peter Weygoldt’s 1996 classification with its basic split into Paleoamblypygi and Euamblypygi lineages; we were able to score several of his characters for the first time in fossils.
    [Show full text]
  • Section IV – Guideline for the Texas Priority Species List
    Section IV – Guideline for the Texas Priority Species List Associated Tables The Texas Priority Species List……………..733 Introduction For many years the management and conservation of wildlife species has focused on the individual animal or population of interest. Many times, directing research and conservation plans toward individual species also benefits incidental species; sometimes entire ecosystems. Unfortunately, there are times when highly focused research and conservation of particular species can also harm peripheral species and their habitats. Management that is focused on entire habitats or communities would decrease the possibility of harming those incidental species or their habitats. A holistic management approach would potentially allow species within a community to take care of themselves (Savory 1988); however, the study of particular species of concern is still necessary due to the smaller scale at which individuals are studied. Until we understand all of the parts that make up the whole can we then focus more on the habitat management approach to conservation. Species Conservation In terms of species diversity, Texas is considered the second most diverse state in the Union. Texas has the highest number of bird and reptile taxon and is second in number of plants and mammals in the United States (NatureServe 2002). There have been over 600 species of bird that have been identified within the borders of Texas and 184 known species of mammal, including marine species that inhabit Texas’ coastal waters (Schmidly 2004). It is estimated that approximately 29,000 species of insect in Texas take up residence in every conceivable habitat, including rocky outcroppings, pitcher plant bogs, and on individual species of plants (Riley in publication).
    [Show full text]
  • Geological History and Phylogeny of Chelicerata
    Arthropod Structure & Development 39 (2010) 124–142 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Arthropod Structure & Development journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/asd Review Article Geological history and phylogeny of Chelicerata Jason A. Dunlop* Museum fu¨r Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany article info abstract Article history: Chelicerata probably appeared during the Cambrian period. Their precise origins remain unclear, but may Received 1 December 2009 lie among the so-called great appendage arthropods. By the late Cambrian there is evidence for both Accepted 13 January 2010 Pycnogonida and Euchelicerata. Relationships between the principal euchelicerate lineages are unre- solved, but Xiphosura, Eurypterida and Chasmataspidida (the last two extinct), are all known as body Keywords: fossils from the Ordovician. The fourth group, Arachnida, was found monophyletic in most recent studies. Arachnida Arachnids are known unequivocally from the Silurian (a putative Ordovician mite remains controversial), Fossil record and the balance of evidence favours a common, terrestrial ancestor. Recent work recognises four prin- Phylogeny Evolutionary tree cipal arachnid clades: Stethostomata, Haplocnemata, Acaromorpha and Pantetrapulmonata, of which the pantetrapulmonates (spiders and their relatives) are probably the most robust grouping. Stethostomata includes Scorpiones (Silurian–Recent) and Opiliones (Devonian–Recent), while
    [Show full text]
  • Bromeliads As Biodiversity Amplifiers and Habitat Segregation of Spider Communities in a Neotropical Rainforest
    2010. The Journal of Arachnology 38:270–279 Bromeliads as biodiversity amplifiers and habitat segregation of spider communities in a Neotropical rainforest Thiago Gonc¸alves-Souza1, Antonio D. Brescovit2, Denise de C. Rossa-Feres1,andGustavo Q. Romero1,3: 1Departamento de Zoologia e Botaˆnica, IBILCE, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rua Cristo´va˜o Colombo 2265, CEP 15054- 000, Sa˜o Jose´ do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; 2Instituto Butanta˜, Laborato´rio de Artro´podes Pec¸onhentos, Avenida Vital Brazil 1500, CEP 05503-900, Sa˜o Paulo, SP, Brazil Abstract. Although bromeliads can be important in the organization of invertebrate communities in Neotropical forests, few studies support this assumption. Bromeliads possess a three-dimensional architecture and rosette grouped leaves that provide associated animals with a good place for foraging, reproduction and egg laying, as well as shelter against desiccation and natural enemies. We collected spiders from an area of the Atlantic Rainforest, southeastern Brazil, through manual inspection in bromeliads, beating trays in herbaceous+shrubby vegetation and pitfall traps in the soil, to test if: 1) species subsets that make up the Neotropical forest spider community are compartmentalized into different habitat types (i.e., bromeliads, vegetation and ground), and 2) bromeliads are important elements that structure spider communities because they generate different patterns of abundance distributions and species composition, and thus amplify spider beta diversity. Subsets of spider species were compartmentalized into three habitat types. The presence of bromeliads represented 41% of the increase in total spider richness, and contributed most to explaining the high beta diversity values among habitats. Patterns of abundance distribution of the spider community differed among habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Genus of Whip-Scorpions in Upper Cretaceous Burmese Amber: Earliest Fossil Record of the Extant Subfamily Thelyphoninae (Arachnida: Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae)
    Cretaceous Research 69 (2017) 100e105 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes A new genus of whip-scorpions in Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber: Earliest fossil record of the extant subfamily Thelyphoninae (Arachnida: Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae) * Chenyang Cai a, b, Diying Huang b, a Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China b State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China article info abstract Article history: Mesozoic whip-scorpions are very rare, with only two Cretaceous species known to date. Here we Received 5 May 2016 describe a new genus and species of Thelyphonidae, Mesothelyphonus parvus gen. & sp. nov., based on a Received in revised form very well-preserved male in Upper Cretaceous amber from Myanmar. Mesothelyphonus is firmly placed in 13 September 2016 the extant subfamily Thelyphoninae as supported by the abdominal tergites with a median longitudinal Accepted in revised form 15 September suture. Mesothelyphonus differs from other fossil and recent genera primarily by its very small body size, 2016 Available online 16 September 2016 the absence of ommatoids on abdominal segment XII, and the elongate, slender and toothed patellar apophysis of the male pedipalp. The new discovery represents the oldest definitive fossil record for Keywords: Thelyphoninae, highlighting the antiquity of the whip-scorpion group. © Myanmar 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Thelyphonida Thelyphonidae Thelyphoninae Cretaceous 1. Introduction Six of the Palaeozoic species from the Late Carboniferous were revised by Tetlie and Dunlop (2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Order Ricinulei Thorell, 1876. In: Zhang, Z.-Q
    Order Ricinulei Thorell, 1876 (2 suborders)1,2 Suborder Neoricinulei Selden, 1992 (1 superfamily) Superfamily Ricinoidoidea Ewing, 1929 (1 family) Family Ricinoididae Ewing, 1929 (3 genera, 58 species) †Suborder Palaeoricinulei Selden, 1992 (1 superfamily) Superfamily Curculioidoidea Cockerell, 1916 (2 families) Family Curculioididae Cockerell, 1916 (2 genera, 11 species) Family Poliocheridae Scudder, 1884 (2 genera, 4 species)3 Cited references Hallan, J. (2005) Synopsis of the Described Ricinulei of the World. In: Hallan, J. (ed.) Biology Catalog. Digital resource at: http:// insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Ricinulei1.htm (accessed on 16.x.2011). Harvey, M.S. (2003) Catalogue of the Smaller Arachnid Orders of the World: Amblypygi, Uropygi, Schizomida, Palpigradi, Ricinulei and Solifugae. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood. Harvey, M.S. (2011) Smaller Arachnid Orders Catalogue (SAOCat) database. In: Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G. & Ouvrard D. (eds.). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist. Digital resource at http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/ (accessed on 16.x.2011). Spe- cies 2000, Reading, UK. Selden, P.A. (1992) Revision of the fossil ricinuleids. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 83, 595–634. Author’s address Lorenzo Prendini, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, U.S.A.; [email protected] 1. BY Lorenzo Prendini (for full contact details, see Author’s address after References). The title of this contribution should be cited as “Order Ricinulei Thorell, 1876.
    [Show full text]