DOCSLIB.ORG

Final Complete Dissertation Kua 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Final Complete Dissertation Kua 1 Trends and Ontology of Artistic Practices of the Dorset Culture 800 BC - 1300 AD Hardenberg, Mari Publication date: 2013 Document version Early version, also known as pre-print Citation for published version (APA): Hardenberg, M. (2013). Trends and Ontology of Artistic Practices of the Dorset Culture 800 BC - 1300 AD. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. Download date: 04. Oct. 2021 Trends and Ontology of Artistic Practices of the Dorset Culture 800 BC – 1300 AD Volume 1 By © Mari Hardenberg A Dissertation Submitted to the Ph.d.- School In Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy SAXO-Institute, Department of Prehistoric Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities University of Copenhagen August 2013 Copenhagen Denmark ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the various artistic carvings produced by the hunter-gatherer Dorset people who occupied the eastern Arctic and temperate regions of Canada and Greenland between circa BC 800 – AD 1300. It includes considerations on how the carved objects affected and played a role in Dorset social life. To consider the role of people, things and other beings that may be said to play as actors in interdependent entanglements of actions, the agency/actor- network theory is employed. From this theoretical review an interpretation of social life as created by the ways people interact with the material world is presented. This framework is employed as a lens into the social role and meaning the carvings played in the Dorset society. The examined assemblages were recovered from a series of Dorset settlement sites, mainly in house, midden, and burial contexts, providing a substantive case study through which variations and themes of carvings are studied. Over 1000 Dorset carvings are systematically interpreted and presented to identify various details and patterning including types, forms, subject matter, and raw material selection, as well as temporal and spatial distribution. These carvings are represented in miniaturized portable portrayals depicting animal, human, and tool implements, along with utilitarian object pieces elaborated with incised ornamentation, including petroglyphs with various depictions of human-like face engravings. The images portrayed exhibit representations of different individual beings/agents that shared the same environment and formed the daily basis of economic and social frameworks including material products that were integral to the human condition. The carvings are depicted in realistic forms of expression both in attitude and movement. They exhibit different behavioral situations and subject matter suggesting carvings operated as material symbols that played a role in communicating aspects of Dorset ideology. This research suggests that a clear change occurred in the subject matter chosen to depict in the carvings throughout the Dorset culture temporally divided into Early, Middle, and Late Dorset periods. The general progress of subject choice shows that during the Early Dorset period, miniaturized tool carvings had a more important role in depictions, whereas during the Middle Dorset period general emphasis on the animal subject are dominantly exhibited and during the Late Dorset period the human subject becomes highly important to display. The changes in the focus of the subject matter seem to suggest that ideological and social engagements and practices important to Dorset people shifted through time. The systematically collected data of the carvings are integrated with analogies based on observations of other cultures from across the circumpolar region to assist with parallel perspectives. The different forms of artistic carvings reflect dynamic daily activities among agents. The analyses of which suggest that socially constructed practices are culturally transmitted among the Dorset people over the course of time. The various portrayals of animal and human depictions along with ornamented utilitarian tools and miniature implements reflect an ontology that focused on relational manner where human, object, and animal worlds existed as reciprocal entities exerting influence in Dorset social life and ideology. ii EQIKKAANEQ Uani ilisimatusaatitut allaaserisami misissorneqarput Dorset-kulturimi sanalulluni qiperueriaatsit assigiinngitsut. Dorset-kulturikkut issittumi piniartuullutillu katersisartuupput, canadami issittup kangisissortaani kiannerusortaanilu Nunatsinnilu ukioq 800 Kr. in. sioq. – 1300 Kr. in. king. najugaqarsimallutik. Ilisimatusaatitut allaaserisap siunertaraa, qiperukkat qanoq inooqatigiinner- mi sunniuteqarlutillu isumaqartinneqarsimanersut misissussallugu. Uani misissueriaaseq atorne- qarpoq Agency/Aktør-Netværks Teori tassaasoq inuit tigussaasullu akornanni imminnut qanoq sunneeqatigiittarnersut paasissallugu sukuiassallugulu suleriaaserineqartartoq. Taanna misissuil- luni suleriaaserineqartartoq malillugu inuit uumassuseqanngitsullu akornanni inooqatigiinnermi imminnut sunneeqatigiittarnerat isumasiorneqarpoq. Pigisat, inuit uumassu-sillillu allat illuinnar- ni inooqatigiinnermi imminnut ataqatigiissumik sunneeqatigiittarput. Taanna misissuilluni suleriaaseq, Dorset-kulturimi qiperukkat, inooqatigiinnermi inissisimanerat sunniutaalu takutin- niarlugit atorneqarpoq. Nassaat misissuinermi tunngavigineqartut tassaapput illukuni attakuni aammalu ilerrini Dorset nunaqarfigisimasaanersuni nassaarineqartut. Eqqartorneqarput nassaat aaliangersimalluin- nartumut attuumassuteqartut taamaalilluni qiperukkat allanngorarnerat assigiinngisitaarnerilu ilisimatusaatigineqarsinnaanngorlutik. Qiperukkat Dorsetiminngaannersut 1000-init amerlanerit sukuiarneqarput, assigiinngisitaarnerat ilusilersorneqarnerat, qiperornerisalu ilusaat, sumit sanaa- junerat, qangalu atorneqarsimanerat takutinniarlugu aaqqissuussaasumik saqqummiunneqarput. Tamakkua qiperukkat mikisuaraapput, uumasutut, inuttut sakkutullu ilusiligaallutik aammattaaq atortuutit assigiinngitsut kigartorlugit kusassagaallutik. Taamatuttaaq nunami ukkusissaqarfim- mut qiperukkat assigiinngitsut inuup kiinaatut isukkulimmik qiperorneqarsimasut misissorneqar- simapput. Qiperukkat assigiinngitsut ulluinnarni inuunermut attuumassuteqarluinnarput – tamakkuullutittaaq ulluinnarni inuunermi ilusilersueqataalluinnartut. Qiperukkat piviusorsiortu- mik ilusilersugaapput. Taakku pissusilersuutit assigiinngitsut takutittarpaat, taamaanneratalu takutippaa qiperukkat takussutissatut attaveqatigiinnermilu sammisanut assigiinngitsunut Dorset- kulturip inuunnermut isiginnittaasiannut ersersitsisut. Massakkut misissuinerit takutippaat, Dorset-kulturip ingerlanerani tassani eqqartorneqartumut isiginninneq allanngoriartortoqarsimasoq. Allanngoriartuutit assigiinngitsut takutippaat Dorset- kulturip aallarteqqaarnerani atortuutini qiperukkat mikinerusut pingaaruteqartuusimasut, illuatungaanili Dorset-kulturip akulliup nalaani uumasut assilillugit qiperuisarneq sammine- qarnerusimalluni, Dorset-kulturi kingullermi inuttut ilusilerlugit qiperukkat sammineqarne- rujussuusimallutik. Pingaartitani allanngoriartuutit takutippaat tunngaviusumik eqqarsartaaseq ulluinnarnilu inooqatigeeriaaseq ukiut ingerlanerini allanngoriartorsimasoq. Sanilliussilluni assersuussiniaraanni issittumi kulturit allat qiperugaannit ilisimaneqareertut atorneqarsinnaapput. Misissuinerit takutippaat, kusanartuliorluni qiperueriaatsit assigiinngitsut takutikkaat ulluinnarni inuuneq pineqartut akornanni oqitsumik atorneqarsimasoq taamaalillunilu inooqatigiinnermi periutsit Dorsetikkormiut akornanni ingerlaqqinneqartarsimallutik. Uumasut inuillu assilillugit sanaat assigiinngitsut aammalu kigartukkat sakkullu mikisunngorlugit sanaat takutippaat qanoq imminnut ataqatigiinnersut, inuup, pigisat uumasullu silarsuuaanni imminnut ataqatigiissumik Dorset-kulturip iluani inooqatigiinnermi inuunermullu isiginnittariaatsimut sunneeqatigiittar- simanersut. iii RESUMÉ Denne afhandling undersøger Dorset-kulturens forskellige kunstneriske udskæringer. Dorset-kulturen var et arktisk jæger-samler folk, som levede i de østlige arktiske og subarktiske områder af Canada og i Grønland fra omkring 800 f.Kr. – 1300 e.Kr. Det er afhandlingens formål at undersøge, hvorledes de udskårne genstande påvirkede og spillede en rolle i det sociale liv. Den valgte teoretiske tilgang er agency/aktør-netværks teori. Ud fra denne teoretiske tilgang præsenteres en fortolkning af det sociale liv, som skabes af de måder mennesker interagerer med den materielle verden. Både ting, mennesker og andre skabninger spiller en rolle i det sociale liv og kan siges at være aktører i gensidigt afhængige relationer. Denne teoretiske ramme bruges som vindue ind til den sociale rolle og betydning, som udskæringerne spillede i Dorset-kulturens samfund. Genstandsmaterialet, der danner grundlag for undersøgelsen, stammer hovedsageligt fra hustomter, møddinger og grave fra en række Dorset bopladser. Der er tale om et substantielt materialegrundlag, som gør det muligt at studere variationer og temaer i udskæringerne. Mere end 1000 Dorset udskæringer fortolkes og præsenteres systematisk med henblik på at identificere variationer af detaljer og mønstre, herunder typer, former, materialevalg samt udbredelse i tid og rum. Udskæringerne udgør miniaturegenstande, der i form skildrer dyr, mennesker og redskaber samt brugsgenstande med indridsede ornamenter. Derudover er der petroglyffer med forskellige afbildninger af menneskelignende ansigter indgraveret i fedtstensforekomster. De enkelte udskæringer fremstiller repræsentationer af forskellige individuelle skabninger/aktører,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reframing an Arctic Image, out of the Sublime
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2016-01-26 Reframing an Arctic Image, Out of the Sublime Thoreson, Kristine, Nicole Thoreson, K. (2016). Reframing an Arctic Image, Out of the Sublime (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/27572 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2779 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Reframing an Arctic Image, Out of the Sublime by Kristine Thoreson A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM OF ART CALGARY, ALBERTA January, 2016 © Kristine Thoreson 2016 Abstract A proliferation of sublime, mythic and nearly vacant landscape photographs of Arctic regions are circulating in museums and galleries internationally; artist monographs of these photographs are also readily available in major booksellers. Although the photographs are artfully crafted and technically superior, there is the question of what an accretion of so many sublime landscape images of the North accomplishes in terms of perceptions of place, community and culture? It is true that creating awe-inspiring photographs that promote an appreciation for polar-regions is legitimate work.
    [Show full text]
  • EXPERIENCES 2021 Table of Contents
    NUNAVUT EXPERIENCES 2021 Table of Contents Arts & Culture Alianait Arts Festival Qaggiavuut! Toonik Tyme Festival Uasau Soap Nunavut Development Corporation Nunatta Sunakkutaangit Museum Malikkaat Carvings Nunavut Aqsarniit Hotel And Conference Centre Adventure Arctic Bay Adventures Adventure Canada Arctic Kingdom Bathurst Inlet Lodge Black Feather Eagle-Eye Tours The Great Canadian Travel Group Igloo Tourism & Outfitting Hakongak Outfitting Inukpak Outfitting North Winds Expeditions Parks Canada Arctic Wilderness Guiding and Outfitting Tikippugut Kool Runnings Quark Expeditions Nunavut Brewing Company Kivalliq Wildlife Adventures Inc. Illu B&B Eyos Expeditions Baffin Safari About Nunavut Airlines Canadian North Calm Air Travel Agents Far Horizons Anderson Vacations Top of the World Travel p uit O erat In ed Iᓇᓄᕗᑦ *denotes an n u q u ju Inuit operated nn tau ut Aula company About Nunavut Nunavut “Our Land” 2021 marks the 22nd anniversary of Nunavut becoming Canada’s newest territory. The word “Nunavut” means “Our Land” in Inuktut, the language of the Inuit, who represent 85 per cent of Nunavut’s resident’s. The creation of Nunavut as Canada’s third territory had its origins in a desire by Inuit got more say in their future. The first formal presentation of the idea – The Nunavut Proposal – was made to Ottawa in 1976. More than two decades later, in February 1999, Nunavut’s first 19 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) were elected to a five year term. Shortly after, those MLAs chose one of their own, lawyer Paul Okalik, to be the first Premier. The resulting government is a public one; all may vote - Inuit and non-Inuit, but the outcomes reflect Inuit values.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantic Walrus Odobenus Rosmarus Rosmarus
    COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report on the Atlantic Walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus in Canada SPECIAL CONCERN 2006 COSEWIC COSEPAC COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF COMITÉ SUR LA SITUATION ENDANGERED WILDLIFE DES ESPÈCES EN PÉRIL IN CANADA AU CANADA COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2006. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. ix + 65 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Previous reports: COSEWIC 2000. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus (Northwest Atlantic Population and Eastern Arctic Population) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 23 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Richard, P. 1987. COSEWIC status report on the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus (Northwest Atlantic Population and Eastern Arctic Population) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 1-23 pp. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge D.B. Stewart for writing the status report on the Atlantic Walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada, overseen and edited by Andrew Trites, Co-chair, COSEWIC Marine Mammals Species Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-4991 / (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur la situation du morse de l'Atlantique (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) au Canada – Mise à jour.
    [Show full text]
  • Dorset Site Variation on the Southeast Coast of Baffin Island
    ARCTIC VOL. 33, NO. 3 (SEPTEMBER 1980). P. 505-516 Dorset Site Variation onthe Southeast Coast of Baffin Island MOREAU S. MAXWELL’ ABSTRACT. The wide variation in Dorset residence structures may indicate seasonal site differences greater than a simple summer/ winter dichotomy. This is further suggested by a comparison of selected stone tool frequencies from Dorset sites near Lake Harbour, N.W.T. Here manufacturing activities appear to differ from springto summer to winter. The evidence also suggests that in this region Late Dorset winter settlements were located on the fast sea ice. RÉSUMÉ. La grande variation de structure dans les residences d’age Dorset, peut indiquer les différences de site saisonier plus importantes que celles du passage de l’hiverà l’été. Cela est de loin suggbré par une comparaison dans la frequénce d’outils en pierre sélectionés, provenant de sites d’age Dorset aux alentours de Lake Harbour - N.W.T. Là, les activites artisanales apparaissent changer du printemps à l’été puisàl’hiver. Dans cette region, il parait evident que les colonies hivernales d’age Dorset terminal se placaient sur la glace de mer immobilisée. Traduit par Alain de Vendegies, Aquitaine Company of Canada Ltd. INTRODUCTION Through the past 52 years of Dorset studies less attention has been paid to settlement systems than to inter-site comparisons of artifact complexes. This is partly due to the general nature of Dorset artifacts. They differ distinctively from those of other Arctic cultural periods and within specific categories theyto tend be stylistically similarover a broadarea. Artifact styles appear to conform nearly simultaneously at specific points in time.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Complete Dissertation Kua 1
    Trends and Ontology of Artistic Practices of the Dorset Culture 800 BC - 1300 AD Hardenberg, Mari Publication date: 2013 Document version Early version, also known as pre-print Citation for published version (APA): Hardenberg, M. (2013). Trends and Ontology of Artistic Practices of the Dorset Culture 800 BC - 1300 AD. København: Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. Download date: 08. Apr. 2020 Trends and Ontology of Artistic Practices of the Dorset Culture 800 BC – 1300 AD Volume 1 By © Mari Hardenberg A Dissertation Submitted to the Ph.d.- School In Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy SAXO-Institute, Department of Prehistoric Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities University of Copenhagen August 2013 Copenhagen Denmark ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the various artistic carvings produced by the hunter-gatherer Dorset people who occupied the eastern Arctic and temperate regions of Canada and Greenland between circa BC 800 – AD 1300. It includes considerations on how the carved objects affected and played a role in Dorset social life. To consider the role of people, things and other beings that may be said to play as actors in interdependent entanglements of actions, the agency/actor- network theory is employed. From this theoretical review an interpretation of social life as created by the ways people interact with the material world is presented. This framework is employed as a lens into the social role and meaning the carvings played in the Dorset society. The examined assemblages were recovered from a series of Dorset settlement sites, mainly in house, midden, and burial contexts, providing a substantive case study through which variations and themes of carvings are studied.
    [Show full text]
  • POLYNYAS in the CANADIAN ARCTIC Analysis of MODIS Sea Ice Temperature Data Between June 2002 and July 2013
    Canatec Associates International Ltd. POLYNYAS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC Analysis of MODIS Sea Ice Temperature Data Between June 2002 and July 2013 David Currie 7/16/2014 Using daily sea ice temperature grids produced from MODIS optical satellite imagery, polynya occurrences in the Canadian Arctic and Northwest Greenland were mapped with a spatial resolution of one square kilometer and a temporal resolution of one week. The eleven year dataset was used to identify and measure locations with a high probability of open water occurrence. This approach appears to be most suitable for the spring months, when polynyas and shore leads represent the only open water in the region. An analysis of the results at several geographic scales reveals considerable yearly variation in polynya extents, although the relatively short period studied makes identifying trends rather difficult. Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Goals ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Source Data ................................................................................................................................................................. 6 MODIS Sea Ice Temperature Product MOD29/MYD29 ....................................................................... 6 Landsat Quicklook
    [Show full text]
  • Early Colonisation of Disko
    - The Arctic Region of Disko - Early Colonisation of Disko by Peter Chapman Mountain Environment Early Colonisation of Disko The Arctic Region of Disko he first people to venture into the arctic were the Palaeo-Eskimo. Their movement into the arctic, which originated from the Bering Strait area between Siberia and Alaska, resulted in tact with them T perfecting methods for hunting marine animals throughout the year in the arctic conditions. This group of early Palaeo-Eskimos are known internationally as the Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt). Common to them are the small stone-tipped implements they used to survive. These Stone Age people spread along the northern coast of Alaska and Canada to Greenland in less than 100 years - an amazing speed considering the few numbers of people and the enormous distances involved. Their settlements where located close to their hunting grounds, either right on the coast by the sea ice, or along inlets from where they hunted land mammals such as reindeer (caribou) and muskoxen. Today, traces of these settlements are found on fossil terraces a little inland and often 30 to 40 metres above sea level due to continuing post glacial uplift of the land and changes in sea level since the time of inhabitation. The archaeologist Robert McGhee wrote that these people migrated into “the coldest, darkest and most barren regions ever inhabited by man”. Indeed, they were very bold to do so both in terms of coping with the harshness of the climate but also because of the psychological nature of their endeavours. The early Palaeo-Eskimo people who populated the arctic archipelago of Canada are called the Pre-Dorset Culture and two cultures populated areas of Greenland’s coast for the first time around 2400 BC.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Heritage Resources Report
    NTI IIBA for Phase I Draft: Conservation Cultural Heritage Areas Resources Report Cultural Heritage Area: Akpait and and Interpretative Qaqulluit National Wildlife Materials Study Areas Prepared for Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. 1 May 2011 This report is part of a set of studies and a database produced for Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. as part of the project: NTI IIBA for Conservation Areas, Cultural Resources Inventory and Interpretative Materials Study Inquiries concerning this project and the report should be addressed to: David Kunuk Director of Implementation Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. 3rd Floor, Igluvut Bldg. P.O. Box 638 Iqaluit, Nunavut X0A 0H0 E: [email protected] T: (867) 975‐4900 Project Manager, Consulting Team: Julie Harris Contentworks Inc. 137 Second Avenue, Suite 1 Ottawa, ON K1S 2H4 Tel: (613) 730‐4059 Email: [email protected] Report Authors: Philip Goldring, Consultant: Historian and Heritage/Place Names Specialist Julie Harris, Contentworks Inc.: Heritage Specialist and Historian Nicole Brandon, Consultant: Archaeologist Note on Place Names: The current official names of places are used here except in direct quotations from historical documents. Throughout the document “Qikiqtarjuaq” refers to the settlement established in the 1950s and previously known as Broughton Island. Except when used in a direct quotation, the term “Broughton Island” in the report refers to the geographic feature (the island) on which the community of Qikiqtarjuaq is located. Names of places that do not have official names will appear as they are found in
    [Show full text]
  • An Archaeological View of the Thule / Inuit Occupation of Labrador
    AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL VIEW OF THE THULE / INUIT OCCUPATION OF LABRADOR Lisa K. Rankin Memorial University May 2009 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL VIEW OF THE THULE/INUIT OCCUPATION OF LABRADOR Lisa K. Rankin Memorial University May 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................1 II. BACKGROUND .........................................................................................................................3 1. The Thule of the Canadian Arctic ......................................................................................3 2. A History of Thule/Inuit Archaeology in Labrador............................................................6 III. UPDATING LABRADOR THULE/INUIT RESEARCH ...................................................15 1. The Date and Origin of the Thule Movement into Labrador ...........................................17 2. The Chronology and Nature of the Southward Expansion...............................................20 3. Dorset-Thule Contact .......................................................................................................28 4. The Adoption of Communal Houses................................................................................31 5. The Internal Dynamics of Change in Inuit Society..........................................................34 IV. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................37 V. BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................................................................39
    [Show full text]
  • The Dorset Culture
    The Dorset Culture Presently, the Arctic regions of Canada are ________ by the Inuit people, but ______ their appearance, a different group of individuals, known as the Dorset people, dominating the icy lands of the north.(구조상 어색한 곳은?) They thrived in that region from approximately 500 B.C. to 1000 A.D., but then they gradually went into ________ for several reasons. Although the Dorset people lived in the area for more than a millennium, the first evidence ________ their existence was not covered until the early twentieth century.(구조상 어색한 곳은?) At an archaeological site at Cape Dorset on Baffin Island, numerous strange artifacts clearly from a group of people older than the Inuit were ___________. In 1925, Canadian anthropologist Diamond Jenness named this newfound culture for the place where the artifacts had been discovered. The Dorset people were descendants of a group of Arctic ________ known to contemporary archaeologists as Palaeo-Eskimo cultures. The individuals in these cultures lived during a time when the weather was much warmer than today, so they could hunt in the ______ parts of the Arctic. Then, around 500 B.C., the Arctic climate changed and became much colder. The Dorset people survived since they managed to adapt / adopt to the frigid weather by developing _______________ to hunt on ice. For instance, knowing that seals surfaced in holes in the ice to breathe oxygen, they would wait patiently by ice holes for their ________ prey to break the water’s surface. They additionally made large _________ that they utilized to spear walruses living on the shore as well as small whales they attacked from the edge of the ice.
    [Show full text]
  • Teacher's Guide for FACES
    Teacher’s Guide for FACES January 2015: Why Greenland Matters Prepared by Heather Bode Heather Bode enjoys writing non-fiction for children and general interest articles for adults. She worked in education for 16 years before switching her focus to writing. Heather lives in Montana with her husband and five children. Getting Started Read “About the Cover” below the Mystery Photo. Compare/contrast the population of Greenland to your country/state/city/town. Pose the question: Why DOES Greenland matter? Play Two Truths and a Lie: Read the following statements. Students must guess which statements are true and which one is a lie. Greenland is the largest island on earth. Greenland is an independent nation. Greenland is mostly covered in ice. (The second statement is the lie. Decide whether you want to reveal the answer or have the students figure it out as they make their way through the issue.) High Five (RI1) Classify the five points using the FACES tagline. What does each point discuss: the people, places, or culture of Greenland? At a Glance (RL3) Describe Greenland’s geography in five words or less. Describe the geography of your region in five words or less. Compare/contrast the two. (RL1/RI1) Geography Theme: Location! Find Greenland’s absolute location using latitude and longitude. Describe Greenland’s relative location. Unicorns of the Sea: Narwhals (RL4) Vocabulary: plankton, echolocation, spiral, incisor, tusk, scepter, pods (RL7) Use the pictures accompanying the article to discuss attributes of narwhals that aid their survival. (W1) What’s your opinion? What is the purpose of the narwhal’s tusk? Support your opinion with reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters
    Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters Published by: Icebreaking Program, Maritime Services Canadian Coast Guard Fisheries and Oceans Canada Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E6 Cat. No. Fs154-31/2012E-PDF ISBN 978-1-100-20610-3 Revised August 2012 ©Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2012 Important Notice – For Copyright and Permission to Reproduce, please refer to: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/notices-avis-eng.htm Note : Cette publication est aussi disponible en français. Cover photo: CCGS Henry Larsen in Petermann Fjord, Greenland, by ice island in August 2012. Canadian Coast Guard Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters Record of Amendments RECORD OF AMENDMENTS TO ICE NAVIGATION IN CANADIAN WATERS (2012 VERSION) FROM MONTHLY NOTICES TO MARINERS NOTICES TO INSERTED DATE SUBJECT MARINERS # BY Note: Any inquiries as to the contents of this publication or reports of errors or omissions should be directed to [email protected] Revised August 2012 Page i of 153 Canadian Coast Guard Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters Foreword FOREWORD Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters is published by the Canadian Coast Guard in collaboration with Transport Canada Marine Safety, the Canadian Ice Service of Environment Canada and the Canadian Hydrographic Service of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The publication is intended to assist ships operating in ice in all Canadian waters, including the Arctic. This document will provide Masters and watchkeeping crew of vessels transiting Canadian ice-covered waters with the necessary understanding of the regulations, shipping support services, hazards and navigation techniques in ice. Chapter 1, Icebreaking and Shipping Support Services, pertains to operational considerations, such as communications and reporting requirements as well as ice advisories and icebreaker support within Canadian waters.
    [Show full text]