UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA Oddelek za slovanske jezike in književnosti DIPLOMSKO DELO Brigita Bec Maribor, 2016 UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA Oddelek za slovanske jezike in književnosti Diplomsko delo VINOGRADNIŠKA TERMINOLOGIJA V ZAGORCIH Graduation thesis VITICULTURAL TERMINOLOGY IN ZAGORCI Mentorica: Kandidatka: red. prof. dr. Mihaela Koletnik Brigita Bec Maribor, 2016 Lektorica: Slavica Šajnovič, prof. slov. Prevajalka: Sanja Miškovič, prof. angl. in ped. ZAHVALA Zahvaljujem se mentorici, dr. Mihaeli Koletnik, za napotke in pomoč pri izdelavi diplomskega dela, predvsem pa za potrpežljivost in razumevanje. V veliko pomoč sta bila informator, Janko Bec, tudi njegova žena Pavla Bec, ki sta z veseljem sodelovala pri zapisu narečnih besedil in bila pripravljena takoj prikazati lepoto prleškega narečja in bogato vinogradniško terminologijo, za kar se jima iskreno zahvaljujem. Iz srca hvala partnerju Darelu za potrpežljivost in podporo. Posebna zahvala gre sestri Albini Toš, ki je ves čas študija verjela vame in me neumorno vzpodbujala, največja zahvala pa mami, Alojziji Bec, ker mi je vedno stala ob strani z modrostjo in globokimi nasveti preprostega človeka. Koroška cesta 160 2000 Maribor, Slovenija IZJAVA Podpisana Brigita Bec, rojena 22. 4. 1984, študentka Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Mariboru, smer Slovenski jezik s književnostjo, izjavljam, da je diplomsko delo z naslovom Vinogradniška terminologija v Zagorcih pri mentorici red. prof. dr. Mihaeli Koletnik, avtorsko delo. V diplomskem delu so uporabljeni viri in literatura korektno navedeni; teksti niso prepisani brez navedbe avtorjev. Kraj: Maribor Datum: 15. 7. 2016 Brigita Bec _______________________________ www.ff.um.si | [email protected] | t +386 2 22 93 840 | f +386 2 22 93 625 | trr: SI56 0110 0600 0020 393 | id ddv: SI7167470 Povzetek: V diplomski nalogi z naslovom Vingradniška terminologija v Zagorcih je najprej predstavljen razvoj vingradništva na Slovenskem ter v vinorodnem okolišu Slovenske gorice, geografsko in zgodovinsko sta orisana kraj Juršinci in vas Zagorci, poudarek je na razvoju trsničarstva in vinogradništva na tem območju, podrobneje sta predstavljena glasoslovni in oblikoslovni razvoj govora v Zagorcih, ki je dialektološko uvrščen v srednjeprleški govor. S pomočjo snemanja in zapisovanja je bilo zbrano vinogradniško besedje, ki se govori v Zagorcih. Besedje je bilo zbrano s pomočjo informatorja, trsničarja Janka Beca, ki se s trsničarstvom ukvarja že več desetletij, družinsko tradicijo je pred leti prevzel sin Roman Bec. Trsničarstvo ima v družini stare korenine, zato je še slišati stare izraze, kot so "cühta", "žehtar" in "pintar", ker pa je napredek vedno hitrejši in so stare lesene preše že pred desetletji zamenjale moderne hidravlične stiskalnice, lesene koše za grozdje so zamenjale plastične kadi, putarje so nadomestili traktorji, leseni sodi za vino so prava redkost in služijo bolj kot okras, narečna govorica vse bolj izginja. Zbrana besedila so tako zapisana v narečni transkripciji in s pomočjo strokovne literature natančno obdelana in analizirana. Na podlagi gradiva in analiz je nastal slovar, ki obsega 236 izročnic, ki so razvrščene po abecednem redu. Geslu, ki je zapisano v knjižnem ali poknjiženem jeziku, sledi zapis besede v fonetični obliki, nato razlaga pomena, primer iz narečnega pripovedovanja in izvor. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je večina besed slovanskega izvora. Besede, ki so prevzete, so zaradi bližine nemške govorice in pogostih stikov z nemško govorečimi v največji meri prevzete iz nemščine, nekatere besede pa so tudi romanskega izvora, saj so z vinogradništvo na naših tleh prvi začeli že Rimljani in Kelti pred približno 2400 leti. Ključne besede: slovenski jezik, dialektologija, panonska narečna skupina, prleško narečje, vinogradniška terminologija Abstract: The thesis Viticultural Terminology in Zagorci presents the development of viticulture in Slovenia and in the wine-growing district of Slovenske gorice. Given are geographical and historical facts about the area of Juršinci and the village Zagorci, the emphasis is on the development of vine nursery and viticulture in this area. Further the phonological and morphological characteristics of speech in Zagorci, which is dialectologically ranked as middle Pannonian speech, are described. With the help of recording and making notes, viticultural terminology, spoken in Zagorci, was collected. The vocabulary was collected with the help of an informant, vine grower Janko Bec, who has been dealing with vine nursery for several decades. The family tradition was taken over by son Roman Bec few years ago. Vine growing has old roots in this family, so it is still possible to hear old terms, such as "cühta", "žehtar" and "pintar". As the economical development is getting faster and the old wooden presses were replaced by modern hydraulic presses decades ago, wooden baskets for grapes were replaced by plastic tubs, men, who carried grapes, were replaced by tractors, wooden barrels of wine are a rarity and serve more as decoration, the dialect words are disappearing increasingly. Collected and recorded texts are written in the dialect transcription and carefully analyzed, using professional literature. Based on recordings and analysis, a pocket dictionary of 236 words, which are arranged in alphabetical order, was written. Each word is written in the phonetic shape, followed by an explanation of meaning, with an example of the recorded dialect speech and its origin. It was concluded, that most of the words are of Slavic origin. Words that are not of Slavic origin are mainly of German origin, due to the proximity of the German language and frequent contacts with the German-speaking population. Some words are also of Roman origin, because the vine growing culture in this area was first started by Romans and Celts about 2400 years ago. Keywords: Slovenian language dialectology, Pannonian dialect group, the dialect of Prlekija, viticultural terminology Kazalo 1 Uvod.................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Namen izdelave diplomskega dela ..................................................................................... 2 3 Raziskovalne hipoteze ........................................................................................................ 3 4 Metodologija ....................................................................................................................... 4 4.1 Raziskovalne metode ................................................................................................... 4 5 Vinogradništvo.................................................................................................................... 5 5.1 Vinogradništvo na Slovenskem ................................................................................... 5 5.2 Vinorodni okoliš Slovenske gorice ............................................................................. 6 6 Geografski in zgodovinski oris kraja .................................................................................. 8 6.1 Trsničarstvo v Juršincih ............................................................................................... 9 7 Glasoslovni in oblikoslovni oris govora Zagorcev .......................................................... 12 7.1 Narečna umestitev govora ......................................................................................... 12 7.2 Glasoslovje ................................................................................................................ 12 7.2.1 Naglas ................................................................................................................. 12 7.2.2 Vokalizem .......................................................................................................... 13 7.2.3 Konzonantizem .................................................................................................. 20 7.3 Oblikoslovje ............................................................................................................. 23 7.3.1 Samostalnik ........................................................................................................ 23 7.3.2 Pridevnik ............................................................................................................ 26 7.3.3 Glagol ................................................................................................................. 27 7.3.4 Števniki .............................................................................................................. 29 7.3.5 Zaimki ................................................................................................................ 29 7.3.6 Prislov ................................................................................................................ 32 7.3.7 Predlog in veznik................................................................................................ 32 8 Slovar vinogradniškega besedja........................................................................................ 33 8.1 Navodila za branje slovarja ....................................................................................... 33 8.2 Slovar ......................................................................................................................... 33 9 Besedila ............................................................................................................................. 66 10 Sklep