Enrolled agnostids from Cambrian of Spain provide new insights about the mode of life in these forms JORGE ESTEVE & SAMUEL ZAMORA Enrolled agnostids have been known since the beginning of the nineteenth century but assemblages with high number of enrolled specimens are rare. There are different hypotheses about the life habits of this arthropod group and why they en- rolled. These include: a planktic or epiplanktic habit, with the rolled-up posture resulting from clapping cephalon and pygidium together, ectoparasitic habit or a sessile lifestyle, either attached to seaweeds or on the sea floor. Herein we de- scribe two new assemblages from the middle Cambrian of Purujosa (Iberian Chains, North Spain) where agnostids are minor components of the fossil assemblages but occasionally appear enrolled. The taphonomic and sedimentological data suggest that these agnostids were suddenly buried and rolled up as a response to adverse palaeoenvironmental con- ditions. Their presence with typical benthic components supports a benthic mode of life for at least some species of agnostids. • Key words: middle Cambrian, Gondwana, arthropods, behavior, Spain. ESTEVE,J.&ZAMORA, S. 2014. Enrolled agnostids from Cambrian of Spain provide new insights about the mode of life in these forms. Bulletin of Geosciences 89(2), 283–291 (7 figures). Czech Geological Survey, Prague, ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received February 5, 2013; accepted in revised form August 6, 2013; published online March 11, 2014; is- sued May 19, 2014. Jorge Esteve, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China and University of West Bohemia, Center of Biology, Geosciences and Environment, Klatovská 51, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
[email protected] • Samuel Zamora, Department of Paleobiology, National Mu- seum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 20013-7012, USA Agnostids were lower Paleozoic (Cambrian–Ordovician) 2011).