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Political Dynamics in Cirebon from the 17Th to 19Th Century” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.9(1), October, Pp.49-58

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Political Dynamics in Cirebon from the 17Th to 19Th Century” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.9(1), October, Pp.49-58 TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, 9(1) October 2017 , 8(1) October 2016 Volume 8(1) October 2016SUPARMAN, SULASMAN & DADAN FIRDAUS ISSN 2085-0980 Political DynamicsContents in Cirebon th th Foreword from the 17 to 19 Century . [ii] ICHHIMUDDINABSTRACT: After SARKAR, being left by Girilaya in 1662, the situation of Cirebon was not condusive. His generation, Acharyathe Prince Brajendra of Wangsakerta, Nath Seal’s was in Insights the difficult on Spiritualism situation because and heHumanity: was the prisoner of Trunojoyo in Kediri. ExpositionThen, he asked and Reality for help to Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa of Banten to freed and protect him. Afterward, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa inaugurated the Princes of Cirebon, namely: Syamsuddin Martawijaya as “Sultan Sepuh” or Old Sultan; Badrudin. [1-12] Kartawijaya as “Sultan Anom” or Young Sultan; and Pangeran Wangsakerta as HERI“Panembahan” JAUHARI, or Prime Minister of Carbon. After being together in Cirebon, there was quarrel though there Thewas Folklore no civil ofwar Sanghiyang among them. Prabu The internalBorosngora conflict as Phenomenaof the Cirebon of palace Panjalu family History gave chance to outside, in whichCiamis was Regency, VOC (Verenigde West Java, Oost-Indische Indonesia Compagnie or Dutch East India Company) to do intervention. Finally, the VOC bound Sultans of Cirebon by variety of contracts (engagement) under the cloak to make DAYAa peace NEGRI either WIJAYA, to get commercial monopoly.. [13-20] Since 1681, the authority of Cirebon Sultans had experienced degeneration as the impact of change had brought Dutch colonialism. Althought, the title of Sultan was Justice for People: Thomas Stamford Rafϔles, Jury System, and Court of Circuit still carried, the authority had been disappeared. Every decision considered important things, including the change of Sultan had to get agreement from Governor-General in Batavia or Jakarta now. At 1809, H.W. [21-30] AJIDDaendels THOHIR, organized government reorganization by issuing ”Reglement van Bestuur voor de Cheribonsche SuLanden”ϔi Tradition that andended the the Establishment political authority of Islamic of Cirebon Culture Sultans. KEY WORDS: Political Dynamics; Internal Conflicts; History of Cirebon Sultanates; Reorganization; Dutch Colonialism. REFNI YULIA, MERI ERAWATI & NOPRIYASMAN, . [31-44] Analysis of Policy and Management of Old Town Based-Tourism in Padang City INTRODUCTION of Trunojoyo’s army; and then allowed to ASEPThe ACHMAD situation HIDAYAT in Cirebon, & WestSETIA Java, GUMILAR, leave for Banten in West Java,. [45-58] where both for Frictionafter the in death MASYUMI: of Girilaya A Historical in 1662 Studies to on Internalseveral Conϔlict months Event enjoyed a sumptuous feast of of Islamic Party in Indonesia, 1945-1960 the Sultan of Banten (Hoadley, 1975:37). second sons of Girilaya, Prince Shamsuddin According to Uka Tjandrasasmita (1999), HAJIMartawijaya1681 MUHAMMADwas uncertain. and Prince BAHAR In 1668, Badruddin AKKASE the first TENG, and. [59-68] the departure of Girilaya’s sons from PhilosophicalKartawijaya, were and Traditional captured by Arts Trunojoyo of Bugis-Makassar Kediri in Historical to Banten Perspective was possible, because the with occupying Kartasura as a capital city Sultan of Banten at that time, Sultan Abdul of Mataram kingdom (Miksic ed., 2006; and Fattah or Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, from AKMALIYAH, . [69-78] Tjandrasasmita, 2012). They then were 2 December 1676 until November 1677, Socialization and Internalization of Qur’anic Verse by Enjoy Learning Arabic taken to Kediri in East Java, the headquarters sent aid to Prince Trunojoyo in the form . [79-92] ISMAILAbout theSUARDI Authors: WEKKE, Suparman, Sulasman, and Dadan Firdaus are the Lecturers at the Faculty of Adab and Humanities UIN SGD Muslim(State Islamic Minority University, on Sunan Learning Gunung and Djati) Religious Bandung, Jalan Teaching A.H. Nasution No.105, Cipadung, Bandung 40614, West Java, Indonesia. For academic interests, the authors are able to be contacted via e-mail at: [email protected] in ManadoRecommended of North Citation: Sulawesi, Suparman, Indonesia Sulasman & Dadan Firdaus. (2017). “Political Dynamics in Cirebon from the 17th to 19th Century” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.9(1), October, pp.49-58. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UIN SGD Bandung, ISSN 2085-0980. [93-106] Info-tawarikh-edutainmentArticle Timeline: Accepted (August 20, 2017); Revised (September 30, 2017); and Published (October 28, 2017). [107-116] ©© 2017 2016 by by Minda Minda Masagi Masagi Press Press and and UIN UIN SGD SGD Bandung, Bandung, West West Java, Java, Indonesia Indonesia 49 ISSNISSN 2085-0980 2085-0980 and and www.mindamas-journals.com/index.php/tawarikh www.mindamas-journals.com/index.php/tawarikh i SUPARMAN, SULASMAN & DADAN FIRDAUS, Political Dynamics in Cirebon of weapons, equipment, and even combat protected by the Sultan of Banten.1 troops (Tjandrasasmita, 1999:288). In the After all three reunited in Cirebon, there was Nagarakertabhumi’s manuscript, it is said a dispute, although it did not lead to civil war. that in Kediri, the two Princes of Cirebon The Sultan of Banten tried to reconcile them by were treated well by Trunojoyo (cited in Atja inviting all three to Banten, but the dispute did & Ayatrohaedi, 1986). not end (Thalens, 2004; Atsushi, 2006; Iswara, Prince Wangsakerta intended to free his 2009; and Tjandrasasmita, 2012). two brothers and then asked for help to the On the other side, the split that emerged Sultan of Banten, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. in Cirebon can be explained based on the Prince Wangsakerta entourage along with 2 from the scarcity of positions and resources. East Java with letters and gifts from the Sultan Theconflict fewer theory. positions Disunity or resources or conflict of caneach arise ofBanten Banten. troop The sailed contents with of Banten the letter war expected fleet to member or group could gain the sharper, the the two Princes from Cirebon, together with the Blitar Queen to be released. Trunojoyo, seize the position and source were (cf Pirages, then, granted the request of the Sultan of 1982:7;conflict andand theAnderson, competition 2010). between them to Banten and the two Princes of Cirebon with his retinue to be released (Ricklefs, 1993; the dispute among the three sons of Girilaya Thalens, 2004; and Tjandrasasmita, 2012). If it refers to the concept of conflict above, Prince Wangsekerta, entourage with his civil war. Nevertheless, they could not solve two brothers, returned to Banten and after theis on problems low conflict, faced, because so that it they does were not lead“forced” to having arrived, they were greeted with joy. to involve another party, which in this case Sultan of Banten, then, inaugurated the was the VOC (Lubis, 2010; and Rosita, 2015). Princes of Cirebon: Prince Shamsuddin The question is why it was precisely what Martawijaya as Sultan Sepuh or Old Sultan; was asked for assistance as mediator in the Prince Badrudin Kartawijaya as Sultan Anom dispute was the VOC in Batavia, not Banten or Young Sultan; and Prince Wangsakerta as kingdom in West Java, or Mataram kingdom Panembahan or Prime Minister of Cirebon in Central Java? (Atja & Ayatrohaedi, 1986:75-76; Iswara, According to Hasan Muarif Ambary 2009; and Tjandrasasmita, 2012). (1996), it is due to that Cirebon region was How far the validity of the information in located between Mataram in the East and the Nagarakertabumi manuscripts is related Banten in the West; and Cirebon was often to the release of the two sons of Girilaya and used by Mataram in an unfair friendship to who was the character played a role in the be a liaison between Mataram and Banten, event could have been doubted, because the Prince Wangsakerta as the author of the position of Cirebon. Therefore, Cirebon the script highlighted his own role (Atja which in case of conflict would complicate & Ayatrohaedi, 1986; Iswara, 2009; and (Ambary, 1996:48; Thalens, 2004; Atsushi, Tjandrasasmita, 2012). 2006;finally Guillot,chose the 2008; VOC Iswara, or Dutch 2009; protection and However, the liberation effort was also Tjandrasasmita, 2012). Verenigde Oost- In the writers’ opinion, the Cirebon’ Indische Compagnie or Dutch East India choice to the VOC to serve as mediator of the Company)confirmed government’sby the VOC ( diary or Dagh Register. In the Dagh Register dated on 2 and and conditions at that time, but also on 22 February 1678, it was mentioned that conflict was based not only on the situation both Princes of Cirebon were captured by 1See, for example, “Dagh Register, Anno 1678”. Unpublished Trunojoyo from the capital of Mataram and Archive. Available in ANRI [National Archive of the Republic of Indonesia] in Jakarta, p.58. taken to Kediri (Cadiry) in East Java. Then, 2 they were taken by Keey Nara (Kyai Nara), contradiction of business, opinion, idea or view in the form of an envoy of the Sultan of Banten, to Banten; neitherThe violence concept or of “low conflict content” relates which to the is difference not using violence.and See, for further information, Ted R. Guur (1972:22); Albert F. and then the three Princes of Cirebon were Eldrigde (1979:2); and Kevin B. Anderson (2010). 50 © 2017 by Minda Masagi Press and UIN SGD Bandung, West Java, Indonesia ISSN 2085-0980 and www.mindamas-journals.com/index.php/tawarikh TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, 9(1) October 2017 something to do with previous events. As because he considered himself as a legitimate the dispute proceeded, Mataram was facing heir. As a peak, he conveyed his own wish to a Trunojoyo rebellion. On the contrary, the the VOC delegate, van Dijk, to enter into an upheaval that occurred in Mataram and the agreement for Cirebon under the protection Trunojoyo rebellion gave Banten freedoms to of the VOC, in return for his recognition of the eldest king’s son as sole ruler of Cirebon and Mataram forces were allied, Banten felt (Iswara, 2009; Tjandrasasmita, 2012; and moreincrease threatened its influence, (cf Kartodirdjo, especially after 1993:204; the VOC Manse, 2016).
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