Research Methodology
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Research Methodology The 30 European cities belong to the top booked destinations on Omio and are selected from internal data. The research data accounts for transport services supplied by both the municipality and commercial companies. Furthermore, the data was split into tram lines per capita, city buses per capita as well as inner-city trains per capita. Research factors & Sources Data-cluster 1: Public Transport ● Population: Information on the population of each city was found on United Nations World Population Prospects ● Tram lines per capita: The total number of tram lines was researched manually. Then, the total number of lines was divided by the population. Tram is defined as: “A passenger vehicle powered by electricity conveyed by overhead cables, and running on rails laid in a public road”. All sources used are listed on page 5. ● Bus lines per capita: The total number of bus lines was researched manually. Then, the total number of bus lines was divided by the population. All sources used are listed on page 5. ● Inner-city trains lines: The total number of inner-city train lines was researched manually. Then, the total number of lines was divided by the population. An Inner-city train is defined as: “Above- and underground rail services”. All sources used are listed on page 5. Data-cluster 2: Sharing economy transportation ● Number of licensed taxis The majority of the data was obtained from an European Commission 2016 report: “Study on passenger transport by taxi, hire car with driver and ridesharing in the EU”. All sources used are listed on page 5. ● Number of bicycle-sharing providers The number of bicycle-sharing providers can be found on ePilot. The total number of providers was then double-checked manually by looking at each provider’s webpage. Due to the fast changing nature of the market and laws in each city, these figures are expected to change. All sources used are listed on page 5. ● Number of e-scooter providers 1 The number of e-scooter providers can be found on ePilot. The total number of providers was then double-checked manually by looking on each provider’s webpage. Due to the fast changing nature of the market and laws in each city, these figures are expected to change. All sources used are listed on page 5. ● Number of motor scooter sharing providers The number of shared motor scooter providers can be found on ePilot. Any information that was not found on ePilot was taken from other sources. In addition, manual research was undertaken in order to calculate the total number of motor scooter sharing providers. Due to the fast changing nature of the market and laws in each city, these figures are expected to change. All sources used are listed on page 5. Data-custer 3: Cost of transportation options All of the sources to the factors in this field are displayed in the table on page 5. ● Cost of public transportation ticket - one way Information on the cost of a public transportation ticket for the tram, bus or metro was found on Numbeo. ● Cost of public transportation ticket - one month Information on the cost of a public transportation ticket for the tram, bus or metro was found on Numbeo. ● Cost of a shared bike The rental cost of a shared bike for 30 minutes was taken from three different providers in the respective city. An average price was taken from three providers or less if there was not at least three to choose from. All sources used are listed on page 5. ● Cost of an e-scooter The rental cost of an e-scooter for 1 minute was taken from three different providers in the respective city, this was multiplied by 30 to give the displayed price as the cost per 30 minutes . An average price was taken from three providers or less if there was not at least three to choose from. All sources used are listed on page 5. ● Cost of motor scooter The rental cost of a motor scooter for 1 minute was taken from three different providers in the respective city, this was multiplied by 30 to give the displayed price as the cost per 30 minutes. An average price was taken from three providers or less if there was not at least three to choose from. All sources used are listed on page 5. ● Cost of a taxi Information on the cost of a taxi for 1 km of each city was found on Numbeo. All sources used are listed on page 5. 2 Scoring For each factor of the index, the research was standardised using a scale of 0-1. Here, an exception was determined for the stated factors in the Cost of transportation options field. The cities with the cost value of 0 for the following factors: Shared bikes, e-scooters and motor scooters were given a score of 2 instead of 0. The reason for this is that these cities did not score better in the final score for not having these options available but instead scored lower. The calculation was carried out by using the following normalisation formula: Weightings / Scoring system The three separate factors fields were each weighted differently. For each field a sum of all the factor scores were calculated and then standardised into a total field score. The scores that show the field score for each field are displayed below: The score for both of the fields “City Bus, Tram and Rail lines per capita” and “Sharing Economy Transportation” are between 100 and 0. Both of these fields were weighted the same. The weighting for the field “Cost of transportation options” is 30% compared to the other two fields, the score is still displayed as up to 100 with the highest score being the cheapest. To obtain the final score, a sum of all the field scores were calculated. The cost of transportation was weighted as 30%, because higher cost transport cost was deemed as negative. Therefore, the final score with higher costs was lowered. The reason it was given a high score of 0 and a lowest score of -30 was so that the cities with the higher average salaries were not penalised too heavily. The cities with the cost value of 0 for shared bikes, e-scooters and shared motor scooters were given a score of 2 instead of 0. This was so that these cities did not score better for not providing these options available but instead scored lower. The research was conducted between 01.09.2019 - 08.10.2019. 3 Scoring Public Transport Sharing Economy Transportation Cost of Transport Final Final Score Number of Number of Cost of Public Cost of Public Inner City Score for Number of E- Licensed for Sharing Cost of a Final Score Ranki Tram Lines Bus Lines Per Bicycle- Motor Scooter Transportatio Transportatio Cost of an E- Cost of a Cost of Motor Total Rank Destinations Population Score Train Lines Score Score Public Score Scooter Score Score Taxis Per Score Economy Score Score Shared Score Score Score Score for Cost of ng Per Capita Capita Sharing Sharing n Ticket - One n Ticket - One Scooter Taxi Scooter Score 0-100 Per Capita Transport Providers Capita Transportatio Bike Transport Providers Providers Month Way (0-100) n (0-100) 1 Switzerland Zurich 341,730 0.0000439 1.00 0.000011705 0.49 0.0001961 0.13 100.0 1 0.14 4 0.50 1 0.33 0.01189 1.00 75.51 77.31 € 0.38 4.00 € 1.00 1.00 € 0.34 9.60 € 1.00 3.64 € 0.99 10.50 € 1.00 41.68 100.00 2 Germany Berlin 3,426,354 0.0000064 0.15 0.00000642 0.27 0.0000625 0.04 25.8 7 1.00 6 0.75 2 0.67 0.00238 0.20 100.00 81.00 € 0.40 2.80 € 0.61 0.92 € 0.29 4.50 € 0.29 2.00 € 0.48 6.45 € 0.29 76.65 78.96 3 Austria Vienna 1,691,468 0.0000166 0.38 0.00000296 0.12 0.0000751 0.05 31.8 2 0.29 7 0.88 3 1.00 0.00266 0.22 91.12 47.50 € 0.18 2.40 € 0.48 1.13 € 0.43 6.00 € 0.50 1.40 € 0.29 5.20 € 0.07 82.76 78.43 4 Italy Milan 1,236,837 0.0000146 0.33 0.00000323 0.13 0.0000590 0.04 29.0 1 0.14 7 0.88 3 1.00 0.00393 0.33 89.72 35.00 € 0.09 2.00 € 0.35 0.50 € 0.00 4.20 € 0.25 1.10 € 0.20 8.40 € 0.63 89.11 77.18 5 France Paris 2,138,551 0.0000061 0.14 0.00000655 0.27 0.0001473 0.10 29.2 4 0.57 6 0.75 1 0.33 0.00837 0.70 90.14 75.00 € 0.36 1.90 € 0.32 0.92 € 0.29 4.50 € 0.29 1.31 € 0.26 8.40 € 0.63 79.70 75.99 6 Portugal Porto 249,633 0.0000120 0.27 0.00002404 1.00 0.0000240 0.01 79.1 0 0.00 8 1.00 0 0.00 0.00280 0.24 47.23 32.00 € 0.07 1.40 € 0.16 N/A 2.00 4.50 € 0.29 0.47 € 0.00 N/A 2.00 44.53 74.11 7 Portugal Lisbon 517,802 0.0000116 0.26 0.00000772 0.32 0.0002820 0.18 46.0 1 0.14 5 0.63 1 0.33 0.00666 0.56 63.48 35.00 € 0.09 1.62 € 0.23 1.00 € 0.34 4.50 € 0.29 0.47 € 0.00 7.80 € 0.53 89.69 72.34 8 Belgium Brussels 1,019,022 0.0000157 0.36 0.00000393 0.16 0.0000491 0.03 32.1 1 0.14 7 0.88 2 0.67 0.00125 0.10 68.37 49.00 € 0.19 2.10 € 0.39 1.00 € 0.34 4.50 € 0.29 1.95 € 0.46 8.40 € 0.63 77.52 65.53 9 Poland Warsaw 1,702,139 0.0000188 0.43 0.00000235 0.10 0.0001945 0.13 38.5 1 0.14 3 0.38 1 0.33 0.00676 0.57 54.24 25.32 € 0.03 1.01 € 0.04 1.00 € 0.34 5.00 € 0.36 0.55 € 0.03 4.80 € 0.00 100.00 65.04 10 Germany Frankfurt am Main 768,616 0.0000130 0.30 0.00001171 0.49 0.0000546 0.03 49.1 3 0.43 2 0.25 1 0.33 0.00221 0.19 45.78 90.40 € 0.47 2.75 € 0.60 N/A 2.00 5.25 € 0.40 2.00 € 0.48 6.60 € 0.32 48.55 57.88 11 Germany Munich 1,260,391 0.0000103 0.23 0.00000635 0.26 0.0000547 0.03 30.9 3 0.43 4 0.50 1 0.33 0.00270 0.23 56.89 66.75 € 0.31 2.90 € 0.65 1.95 € 1.00 4.90 € 0.35 1.90 € 0.45 6.90 € 0.37 65.48 56.82 12 Spain Madrid 3,255,944 0.0000009 0.02 0.00000369 0.15 0.0000749 0.05 11.0 2 0.29 5 0.63 1 0.33 0.00491 0.41 63.33 54.60 € 0.23 1.50 € 0.19 0.75 € 0.17 4.40 € 0.28 1.08 € 0.19 6.90 € 0.37 90.57 53.64 13 Spain Barcelona 1,621,537 0.0000019 0.04 0.00000678 0.28 0.0000728 0.05 20.5 2 0.29 2 0.25 1 0.33 0.00617 0.52 53.03 53.00 € 0.21 2.15 € 0.40 0.88 € 0.26 4.50 € 0.29 1.13