Great Bricett Business Park, The Street, Great Bricett, IP7 7DZ
Great Bricett Business Park The Street Great Bricett IP7 7DZ
PHASE I – Contaminated Land Assessment
SUFFOLK: Registered Office: 7 Museum Street Ipswich Suffolk IP1 1HQ T 01473 280699 F 01473 280701 E [email protected] (Registered No: 4806356) ESSEX: 8 Atlantic Square Station Road Witham Essex CM8 2TL T 01376 503020 E [email protected] NORFOLK: 23 St Stephens Road Norwich NR1 3SP T 01603619093 F 01603 619840 E [email protected]
Great Bricett Business Park, The Street, Great Bricett, IP7 7DZ
DOCUMENT CONTROL
Report prepared by: Report reviewed by:
Caroline Jooste BSc (Hons), Mres R M Crowther PIEMA AMEI On behalf of JPC Environmental Services On behalf of JPC Environmental Services A Division of JP Chick & Partners Limited A Division of JP Chick & Partners Limited
JPC Issuing Office 7 Museum Street, Ipswich, IP1 1HQ
ISSUE & REVISIONS RECORD
Document No: Issue Date: Format Issued
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1.0 Tuesday, 05 Issued to Mr R. Jones. ✓ ☐ ☐ ☐ September 2017 Document Issue Date: Document Revision Revised Reviewed Revision No: Comments by by (INT): (INT): 2.0 Thursday, 21 Re-Issued to include Local CSJ CSJ ✓ ☐ ☐ ☐ September Authority Correspondence 2017 3.0 Monday, 19 Re-issued following update HP HP ✓ ☐ ☐ ☐ October of development proposals 2020
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Phase I Contaminated Land Assessment Report – Produced by J P Chick & Partners Ltd For: Birch Park Homes Our Reference: IE17/061 Date: 19/10/2020 Page 1
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Table of Contents DOCUMENT CONTROL ...... 1 ISSUE & REVISIONS RECORD ...... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 6 1.01 Brief ...... 6 1.02 Scope ...... 6 1.03 Location ...... 7 1.04 Development Proposal ...... 7 2.0 DESK STUDY ...... 8 2.01 Sources of Information ...... 8 2.02 Site Description (Walkover Survey) ...... 9 2.03 Site History...... 10 2.04 Geology, Hydrogeology & Hydrology ...... 12 2.05 Statutory Searches – Enviro Insight Report ...... 13 2.06 Radon ...... 15 2.07 Mineral Workings ...... 15 2.08 Local Authority Information – Mid Suffolk District Council ...... 15 2.09 Anecdotal Evidence ...... 16 2.10 Additional Information- Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) ...... 16 3.0 CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL ...... 16 3.01 Introduction ...... 16 3.02 Potential Sources of Contamination ...... 17 3.03 Potential Contaminant Pathways ...... 18 3.04 Potential Contaminant Receptors ...... 19 3.05 Plausible Pollutant Linkages ...... 19 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...... 22 4.01 Summary of Key Drivers ...... 22 4.02 Environmental Risk Assessment ...... 22 4.03 Environmental Litigation (Part IIA) ...... 23 4.04 Further Investigations ...... 24 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 24 6.0 APPENDICES ...... 25 Appendix A - Site Location Plan ...... A Appendix B – Architects Layout Plan ...... B
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Appendix C – Photographs ...... C Appendix D – Historical Maps...... D Appendix E – Enviro Insight Report ...... E Appendix F – Preliminary Conceptual Site Model ...... F Appendix G - Local Authority Correspondence………………………………………………………………………………… G
Table of Figures
Figure 1 – Architect’s Layout ...... 8 Figure 2 – Extract from Zetica Ltd Unexploded Ordnance Map for Suffolk…………………………………………….…16
Tables
Table 1 - Historical Mapping ...... 12 Table 2 - Geology ...... 12 Table 3 - Contaminant Source(s) ...... 14 Table 4 - Contaminant Pathway(s) ...... 14 Table 5 - Contaminant Receptors ...... 15 Table 6 - Potential Sources of Contamination ...... 18 Table 7- Identified Pathways ...... 19 Table 8 - Identified Receptors ...... 19 Table 9 - Possible Pollutant Linkages ...... 21 Table 10 - Risk Classification ...... 22
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Site Name & Address: Great Bricett Business Park, The Street, Great Bricett, IP7 7DZ Client: Birch Park Homes Consultant: Mr R Jones Local Planning Authority: Mid Suffolk District Council Historical Site Use: Open Field & Nissen Buildings previously occupied by wider airfield to the north west. Present Site Use: Business Park & Grassed Land Proposed Site Use: 73 No. Park Homes Date of most recent investigation: 30th August 2017 (site walkover) Objectives:
▪ To develop a good understanding of the site’s history and environmental context; ▪ To determine the potential existence of any significant pollutant linkages which might represent a potential risk to construction workers, future occupants of the site or controlled waters; ▪ To undertake a Tier 1 ‘Contaminated Land’ investigation in accordance with CLR11 and guidance contained in the NHBC Publication 66: 2008. Geology, Hydrogeology & Hydrology:
▪ Based on the BGS online mapping, the site is likely to be underlain by superficial deposits comprising Lowestoft Formation (Diamicton) and Bedrock deposits comprising Red Crag Formation (Sand), ▪ The BGS borehole log (~49m from the site) recorded the underlying geology as Boulder Clay (33m thick), underlain by Glacial Sand to a depth of 44m, ▪ The bedrock deposits are designated as Principal Aquifer, ▪ The superficial deposits are designated as Secondary (undifferentiated), ▪ The Environment Agency has classified the groundwater vulnerability as Minor Aquifer Low, ▪ The site is located within Total catchment (Zone 3) groundwater Source Protection, ▪ The site is located within Flood Zone 1, ▪ In relation to the overall hydrology, the site is laid to a mixture of grass, trees and vegetation in the west, with hard surfacing and buildings in the east. Drainage ditches are present adjacent to the east, west and part of the southern boundary. Findings:
▪ The earliest available historical mapping suggests that the site was part of a larger field from as early as 1884. By the 1953 mapping Nissen buildings are present in the east, although local anecdotal evidence and research suggests these were constructed during the 1940’s to house personnel as part of the wider airfield. The remaining west of the site is laid to grass. By 1995 the Nissen buildings are part of the Great Bricett Business Park. ▪ The historical review of the surrounding area (within 250m of the site) has shown that nearby activities include: a vicarage, historic sewage plant, electrical substation, Wixfield mobile home site, Great Bricett Village, Hall and Wattisham airfield.
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Risk Assessment: ▪ Our desk based research and walkover survey identified the following potential sources of contamination: i) On-site: potential ACM’s within the Nissen buildings, anecdotal evidence of lawn mower testing, an above ground oil tank, made ground (including the bund), Unexploded Ordnance, Sewage Discharge Consent and activities associated with the current Industrial Business Park. ii) Off-site: the adjacent property & associated activities, Discharge Consents, electrical substation, historic tank and infilled land. ▪ We consider that the majority of these sources to represent a LOW/MODERATE risk to the site and future occupants, with the potential risk from ACM’s within the fabric of the Nissen buildings representing a MODERATE/HIGH risk; ▪ We consider the potential on-site and off-site sources of contamination to represent a LOW risk to groundwater; ▪ The potential risk from ground gas migrating onto the site and affecting the proposed developments is considered to be LOW Recommendations: Based on the information obtained and reviewed as part of this preliminary assessment, JPC Environmental Services would advise the following: ▪ A Phase II Site Investigation should be undertaken to establish the depth of any made ground and extent of any contamination. Based on the identified historic site activities we would recommend that the on-site soils are tested for: - Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons; - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; - Heavy metals; - Asbestos ID. ▪ The proximity of Wattisham Airfield and the Nissen huts on the site, previously used as part of the wider airfield are considered to be potential bombing targets (WWII). We therefore recommend an Un-Exploded Ordnance Survey (UXO), prior to any intrusive works at the site. This report provides recommendations based on an initial screen and analysis of UXO threats. Depending on the findings of the initial desk study (UXO) further more detailed investigations may be required; ▪ Prior to the demolition of any of the Nissen buildings, we would recommend that an HSG265 Pre- Demolition Asbestos Survey is undertaken of the buildings, in accordance with The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012; ▪ We would recommend that in the event of any soil requiring off-site disposal as waste, soil results are assessed in line with the Environment Agency’s Guidance on the ‘Classification and Assessment of Waste (1st edition 2015) Technical Guidance WM3. This will provide an indication of the likely waste classification of materials for off-site disposal purposes; ▪ Prior to any intrusive investigations we would recommend that any specific areas identified within the Ecological Appraisal of the grassland are fenced off to prevent accidental damage.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.01 Brief
1.01.1 JPC Environmental Services were appointed by Mr Jones on behalf of his client Birch Park Homes to undertake a Phase I Contaminated Land Investigation and Risk Assessment for land at ‘ Great Bricett Business Park, The Street, Great Bricett, IP7 7DZ (‘hereafter referred to as ‘the site’).
1.01.2 The purpose of the investigation, comprising a desktop study and walkover survey was to:
▪ Identify any significant potential sources of ground contamination either on the site or in close proximity to it, which could have a negative impact on the proposed development, ▪ To determine the potential existence of any significant pollutant linkages that might represent a potential risk to future occupants, ▪ To determine whether any further investigations would be required, to enable the potential risk to human health and controlled waters to be assessed.
1.01.3 The investigation was carried out broadly in accordance with Contaminated Land Report 11 (CLR 11) and the NHBC Guidance Document “R & D Publication 66: 2008 – Guidance for the Safe Development of Housing on Land Affected by Contamination”.
1.01.4 Authority to carry out this work was received on 20 August 2020 from Mr R Jones via email.
1.01.5 This report shall be for the private and confidential use of Birch Park Homes for whom it was undertaken, and their consultant Mr Jones. It should not be reproduced in whole or in part, or relied upon by a third party for any use without the express written authority of JPC Environmental Services.
1.02 Scope
1.02.1 The main elements of the investigation were as follows: ▪ The collection and review of historical and regulatory information relating to the site to gain an understanding of the site’s history, the local environment and potential ground conditions ▪ The formulation of a “Conceptual Site Model” to explore and evaluate the existence and potential impact of any plausible pollutant linkages ▪ To utilise the resulting information to undertake a ‘Tier 1’ human and environmental risk assessment ▪ If appropriate, make recommendations on the extent of any intrusive investigations which may be required to fully establish the condition of the site
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1.02.2 The on-site investigations comprised the following: - ▪ A walkover survey of the site and surrounding area to identify the presence and types of commercial activities within the locality, and seek evidence of potential sources of on or off-site contamination.
1.03 Location
1.03.1 Great Bricett Business Park, The Street, Great Bricett, IP7 7DZ
1.03.2 Map coordinates: Easting: 603838 Northing: 251192
1.03.3 OS Ref: TM038511
1.03.4 NGR: TM0351SE
1.03.5 The site is accessed from: Pound Hill, to the south west of the site.
1.03.6 A detailed map of the location is presented within the appendices.
1.04 Development Proposal
1.04.1 We understand that the intention is to re-develop the site for residential use by constructing 73 No. residential dwellings. The plots will be detached, single storey park homes. The access road will remain as existing.
1.04.2 An extract of the proposed development layout is shown overleaf. A full scale copy of the Architect’s layout drawing is presented within the appendices.
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Figure 1 - Architects Layout
2.0 DESK STUDY 2.01 Sources of Information
2.01.1 As part of the desk based research, JPC Environmental Services consulted the following sources of information: -
▪ Enviro Insight Report – produced by the Groundsure Ltd, ▪ British Geological Survey (BGS) mapping and online referencing, ▪ Environment Agency groundwater mapping – online, ▪ Environment Agency source protection zones – online, ▪ Environment Agency indicative flood mapping – online, ▪ Environment Agency landfill mapping – online, ▪ BR 211 Radon: Guidance on Protective Measures for New Dwellings, 2007 Edition, ▪ Zetica Ltd: Unexploded Ordnance Maps.
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2.02 Site Description (Walkover Survey)
2.02.1 The site walkover was conducted on 30 August 2017 by Caroline Jooste on behalf of JPC Environmental Services.
2.02.2 Access to the site was from Pound Hill in the south west corner. An asphalt access road runs along the south boundary to the Business Park in the east of the site.
2.02.3 The site is generally flat but has a slight slope from the west in a downward gradient to the south east.
2.02.4 The asphalt access road leads to several ‘Nissen’ style buildings in the east of the site. A total of 12No. Nissen buildings were present, with some which interlinked between one another. All the buildings were used for document storage and managed by Oasis Storage Solutions Ltd. Anecdotal evidence provided by Mr Jones from speaking to the previous site owner identified that the majority of the buildings were built prior to the 1940’s, with additional buildings added in the 1960’s.
2.02.5 On closer inspection of the buildings, they all appeared to be of block construction with corrugated metal roofing. It is unknown if any asbestos containing materials are present within the internal fabric of the buildings.
2.02.6 A pond was present between buildings No. 8 & 9, with several well established trees and a grassed area. A Biffa skip for general waste was present on a concrete hardstanding to the front of building No 9 and 10. Towards the east boundary a small storage area for the occasional broken pallet, plastic flower pot, metal corrugated sheeting, bricks and a tarpaulin was present.
2.02.7 An above ground oil storage tank on a solid concrete plinth, with a 200l empty plastic drum adjacent was identified. This resided between building No 2 and a more modern constructed building adjacent to a line of well-established trees which separated the Business Park from the adjacent grassed area.
2.02.8 The grassed area which occupies the western half of the site has been left to grow wild. Several pieces of metal reinforcement were identified on a plastic sheet within the northern aspect, with a small heap of cut vegetation in the south west aspect. Several self set trees were noted in the south east section of the grassed area. A small hedge with avenue planted trees form the southern edge of the wild grassed area separating it from access road to the south.
2.02.9 The south west corner of the site comprises a double metal gate for access, with a low hawthorn hedge and drainage ditch forming the remainder of the west boundary. A low hedgerow and avenue of trees forms much of the southern boundary. The north east boundary comprises of well- established conifers, oak trees and overgrown vegetation.
2.02.10 The north west boundary comprises of several large conifers which abut the adjacent property. A heavily overgrown bund forms the remainder of the north boundary, at an approximate height of
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4 metres in the north west reducing to approximately 2 metres in the north east. Anecdotal evidence provided by Mr Jones from the previous owner, was that the bund comprised of onsite arisings from the creation of the access road to the Business Park.
2.02.11 Wixfeld Caravan Site, a mobile park home is present just beyond the northern boundary, with a bungalow and large rear garden beyond the north west boundary. The rear garden of the bungalow had at least one Nissen building present, and several large heaps of concrete and skips. Arable farmland is present to the east and south, with the road beyond the west boundary.
2.02.12 The wider area is mainly laid to arable farmland, with a network of ditches and occasional hedgerows. Wattisham Airfield and runway lie to the north-west, with Great Bricett Hall, a wood carving business, electrical substation and several residential dwellings to the south within the village.
2.02.13 Drainage ditches are present adjacent to the east, west and part of the southern boundary. All rainwater runoff from the Nissen building roofs appears to be managed by French drains alongside each building. These may eventually discharge to the ditches at the boundaries of the site. Several manhole covers were noted in and around the Nissen buildings.
2.02.14 A black metal services box was present to the rear of the Nissen buildings on the east of the site. This is believed to be a consumer unit supplying electricity to existing buildings. Several electricity poles and overhead cables were also noted to the east and along the northern boundary.
2.02.15 The site surfacing is laid to hardstanding in the east, including the Nissen buildings, asphalt road and concrete. The remainder of the site is laid to grassland, vegetation and trees. During the walkover survey evidence of made ground including concrete was observed along the boundary bordering the property in the north west. The ground in the vicinity of the more modern Nissen building, towards to the centre of the site, exhibited evidence of buried brick rubble.
2.02.16 A series of photographs are presented within the appendices.
2.03 Site History
2.03.1 To ascertain the existence of any potentially contaminative former land uses within the locality, JPC Environmental Services consulted a range of historic ‘County’ maps and modern Ordnance Survey map extracts. The extracts reviewed as part of this desk study were produced in three scales, 1:2,500 (metric scale), 1:10,000 and 1:10,560 (imperial scale). The maps cover various periods together, with a more recent aerial photograph hosted by Google maps - Map data ©2017 Google.
2.03.2 Details of the historic land uses are summarised in the table overleaf, while copies of the full sized map extracts are presented within appendices for reference purposes.
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Map Edition (Date) The Site Surrounding Area 1:2,500 & 1:10,560 The site is part of a larger A road runs along the SW boundary; (1884) field. A vicarage is present ~37m S, with a pump; A pond is present ~207m SE; Three Releet Farm is present ~330m NW; Great Bricett is present ~280m S, which included a hall, church, vicarage, nunnery, moat and several dwellings; A brick works is present ~970m SE; The surrounding area is largely laid to open fields. 1:2,500 (1902) The site appears The surrounding area appears largely unchanged. unchanged; A well is now present at the vicarage. 1:10,560 (1905) The site appears The surrounding area appears unchanged. unchanged.
1:10,560 (1953) The NE aspect of the site Several residential dwellings are present is now developed with to the west of the site; several buildings. The An aerodrome is present ~860m NE. remainder of the site is open land. 1:2,500 (1974) The site appears Wixfield Caravan Site lies just beyond the unchanged. north boundary; The residential dwellings to the west of the site are called ‘Overdale’, ‘Claremont’ and ‘Westways’; A pond is now present adjacent to the vicarage; The pond from the 1902 mapping appears to no longer be present. 1:10,000 (1978) The site appears The aerodrome is now identified as unchanged. Wattisham Airfield; A larger development of buildings and residential dwellings is now present adjacent to the airfield; An electrical substation (~230m SE) and sewage works (~340m N) are now present. 1:2,500 (1995) The buildings on the site Further residential dwellings are now are now called a ‘Business present to the west of the site;
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Park’. A track is present The pond at the vicarage is no longer from the road to the site. shown.
1:10,000 (2002) The site appears A further residential development has unchanged. appeared ~130m E; The electrical substation is no longer present; Further residential dwellings have also appeared to the NW. 1:10,000 (2010) The site appears The sewage works is no longer present; unchanged. The surrounding area appears unchanged. 1:10,000 (2014) The site appears The surrounding area appears unchanged. unchanged.
Google Aerial Image The aerial image shows Wattisham Airfield and the developed (2017) buildings still present in housing estate adjacent are to the NW of the NE aspect of the site, the site; with the remainder of the Great Bricett village is present to the S of site laid to grass. the site. Table 1 - Historical Mapping
2.04 Geology, Hydrogeology & Hydrology
2.04.1 To determine the nature of the underlying geology, we have consulted the 1:50,000 scale geological maps compiled by British Geological Survey (BGS) Our finds are summarised in the table below.
Geology
Age Stratigraphic Name Description Quaternary Period Lowestoft Formation - Diamicton Superficial Deposits Quaternary & Neogene Periods Red Crag Formation - Sand Bedrock Deposits Table 2 - Geology
2.04.2 In addition to the mapping we have reviewed the BGS database for nearby boreholes. The nearest borehole [The Rectory, Great Bricett] is located ~ 49m from the site.
2.04.3 The underlying geology is described as Boulder Clay (33m thick), underlain by Glacial Sand, described as coarse sand and pebbles to fine blue (wet) sand to a depth of 44m. The log recorded that groundwater was reached at the base of the borehole.
Hydrogeology 2.04.4 With reference to the groundwater mapping presented on the Environment Agency website, the bedrock geology is designated as Principal Aquifer.
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2.04.5 In terms of groundwater vulnerability, the Environment Agency divides significant groundwater catchments into three Source Protection Zones (SPZs) based on the potential risk associated with the migration of possible contaminants. In this instance the site is located within Total catchment (Zone 3).
2.04.6 Groundwater vulnerability mapping hosted on the Environment Agency’s website shows that the site is located within an area described as Minor Aquifer Low.
2.04.7 In respect of the local hydrology, the nearest surface water feature is a pond present between the Nissen buildings within the eastern aspect of the site.
2.04.8 According to the Environment Agency’s online indicative flood mapping the site is situated within Flood Zone 1. In terms of contamination we do not consider floodwaters as posing a potential pathway for soluble or surface contaminants.
2.04.9 In relation to the overall hydrology, the site is currently laid to a mixture of grass, trees and vegetation in the west, with hard surfacing in the east. These have the potential to support vertical and lateral migration. Historical activities on and surrounding the site may have resulted in a degree of made ground, which could affect the overall hydrology at the site.
2.05 Statutory Searches – Enviro Insight Report
2.05.1 To obtain a more detailed understanding of the site, in context of the surrounding environment, JPC Environmental Services obtained an Enviro Insight report from the Groundsure Ltd. This report contains information derived from a database containing public record information from the Environment Agency, local authorities and other regulatory bodies.
2.05.2 The complete Enviro Insight report is provided within the appendices.
2.05.3 Potential issues noted within the report have been sub-divided into source, pathway and receptor issues and are summarised below: -
Source(s)
No. Source Related to Distance 1E/ 13E Historical Industrial Use Electric Substation (236m Within 0 - 250m SE) 14-16 Historical Industrial Use Electric Substation (367 W Within 250m - & 376-444 NW) 500m 2I Historical Industrial Use Sewage Works (342 N) Within 250m - 500m 3A/4A Historical Industrial Use Unspecified Tanks (361 & Within 250m - 383m N) 500m
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5 Historical Tanks Unspecified Tank (247 NW) Within 0 - 250m 6G Historical Tanks Unspecified Tank (311 S) Within 250m - 7B/9B Unspecified Tanks (334- 500m 8C & 10-12C 382N) 17 Potentially Infilled Land Pond (94m SE) Within 0 - 250m 18-19F Potentially Infilled Land Pond (207-209m SE) Within 0 - 250m 20G, 22-24H Potentially Infilled Land Ponds (299-373m S) Within 250m - & 26 500m 25I Potentially Infilled Land Sewage Works (342m N) Within 250m - 500m 27-30J Potentially Infilled Land Ponds (378-385m W) Within 250m - 500m 1 Discharge Consent Sewage Discharge – On site Final/treated effluent 2,3 & 4 Discharge Consent Wixfield Caravan Park, Within 0 - 250m Wixfield Park & Old Astra Cinema - Sewage Discharges – Final/treated effluent 7A, 8, 9, 16- Discharge Consent Sewage Discharges – Within 250m - 18C, 19D, Final/treated effluent 500m 21C, 22-25 10-15B Discharge Consent Misecellaneous Discharges- Within 250m - Surface Water 500m 1 & 2 Industrial Use Business Park & Industrial On site Estate Printing Related Machinery- Endex Archives Ltd (Oasis Storage Solutions Ltd now on site) Table 3 - Contaminant Source(s)
Pathway(s)
Pathway(s) Related to Distance Aquifer & Superficial Deposits Secondary Undifferentiated On site Aquifer & Bedrock Deposits Principal Aquifer On site Groundwater vulnerability and Soil Minor Aquifer/Low Leaching Potential On site Leaching Potential Table 4 - Contaminant Pathway(s)
Receptor(s)
Receptor(s) Related to Distance Source Protection Zone Total Catchment – Zone 3 On site
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Surface Water Feature Pond/ Drainage Ditches On site Designated Environmentally Sensitive Sites Nitrate Vulnerable Zone On site River Secondary & Tertiary Rivers Within 250m - 500m Designated Environmentally Sensitive Sites Ancient & Semi Natural Within 750m - Woodland 1000m Table 5 - Contaminant Receptors
2.06 Radon 2.06.1 According to the Enviro Insight Report and BR211 (2007), the site appears to be located in a lower probability Radon affected area. Therefore, as less than 1% of homes are above the action level for Radon, no radon protection measure are considered necessary in the construction of new buildings or residential dwellings.
2.07 Mineral Workings 2.07.1 In addition to the Enviro Insight report, we have consulted the Environment Agency landfill mapping. There are no historic or authorised landfills within 500m of the site.
2.08 Local Authority Information – Mid Suffolk District Council 2.08.1 In addition to the searches compiled by Groundsure as part of the Enviro Insight report, JPC Environmental Services submit additional search requests to the local authority Mid Suffolk District Council in order to obtain their specific feedback.
2.08.2 The Senior Environmental Management Officer, Nathan Pittam replied with the following:
“Further to your letter of 27th August 2017 please find the information that you requested for the search site. I have answered your queries on behalf of the Council’s Environmental Protection Team. I have reviewed our records and can confirm that there are no contaminated sites within 500m of the search site that meet the definition of contaminated land as defined by Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 nor do we hold information regarding pollution incidents within this search area.
I suggest that you contact the Environment Agency (area office: general contact number 08708 506506) for any information that it may hold regarding [optional - groundwater, flooding, waste licensing, contamination etc] issues in the vicinity.
This reply is given on the distinct understanding that the Council does not warrant the accuracy of any of the replies and on the basis that neither the Council nor any Officer, servant or agent of the Council is legally responsible, either in contract or tort, for any inaccuracies, errors or omissions herein contained whether arising from inadvertence or negligence or from any other cause whatsoever”.
2.08.3 A copy of this correspondence is provided within the appendices.
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2.09 Anecdotal Evidence 2.09.1 We were advised by Mr Jones that the western area may have once been used to test lawn mowers produced by Ransomes in Ipswich.
2.09.2 A wider inspection of the general surrounding area was also undertaken. Upon speaking to a neighbour in the grounds of the former vicarage (now a residential dwelling), he stated that the pond to the rear of the former Vicarage had not been present for around 100 years.
2.10 Additional Information- Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) 2.10.1 In addition to the above, we consulted unexploded ordnance maps available from Zetica Ltd for the Suffolk area, as shown in figure 2 below. The map shows that Ipswich and the surrounding area fall in a ‘Low’ risk area. However due to the close proximity of the airfield (north east), coupled with the Nissen buildings on the site associated with the airfield, we consider that the site is likely to have a greater potential risk of UXO.
2.10.2 We would therefore recommend that a Preliminary UXO report is undertaken prior to any intrusive ground works being undertaken.
Figure 2 - Extract from Zetica Ltd UXO Map for Suffolk
3.0 CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL 3.01 Introduction
3.01.1 The “conceptual site model” is a simplified representation of the ground conditions that exist on site, which is subsequently used to assess the potential risk to human and environmental receptors. According to the contaminated land report (CLR11) “a conceptual model represents the characteristics of the site in diagrammatic or written form; that shows the possible relationships between contaminants, pathways and receptors”.
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3.01.2 Although the model is formulated during the initial phase of the investigation it is subject to change, as new information comes to light, and our understanding of the site improves. It is central to the risk assessment process and therefore must take into account all potential relationships/interactions.
3.01.3 There are four key aspects to the model, these are:
▪ Source(s) - These can include current or historic activities / business practices taking place either on or adjacent to the site, which may have had a negative impact on surface or sub-surface soils, or groundwater.
▪ Pathway(s) - This is the route by which contaminants travel / migrate between their source and any available receptor.
▪ Receptor(s) - These are varied and can include human or non-human organisms and eco-systems; controlled waters such as groundwater or surface water bodies; and structures or individual construction materials.
▪ Pollutant linkages - These exist where all three of the previous elements are present, indicating that the “link” between an identified source and a potential receptor via a pathway.
3.02 Potential Sources of Contamination
Source Description Potential Source of Distance Contaminant Historic Nissen Nissen buildings built on the site Potential asbestos On site Buildings (East of from as early as 1940 to support containing site) the wider airfield to the NW. materials (ACMs) within fabric of the buildings. Lawn mower testing Anecdotal evidence of lawn mower Petroleum On site (West of site) testing in the western aspect of the Hydrocarbons, site. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s) Above Ground Oil Tank identified during site Petroleum On site Tank walkover. Hydrocarbons, PAH’s Potential for made Observations during site walkover, Heavy Metals, On site ground on site, historic nature of buildings on site PAH’s, petroleum including bund on and previous earth moving hydrocarbons, northern boundary activities to form the bund. potential ACM’s.
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Potential Wattisham Airfield to the NW of Contact with UXO On site Unexploded the site & Nissen Buildings on site. during excavation Ordnance (UXO) works. Discharge Consent Sewage Discharge – Final/treated Bacteriological On site effluent contamination, metals Industrial Use Business Park & Industrial Estate. Potential On site Printing Related Machinery- Oasis hydrocarbons, oils, Storage Solutions Ltd. solvents. Adjacent Property & The site walkover observed that Potential ACM’s, Within 0 - associated activities the adjacent property to the NW toxic metals, PAH’s, 250m (NW corner) had several heaps of concrete and Petroleum skips present. hydrocarbons. Discharge Consent Wixfield Caravan Park, Wixfield Bacteriological Within 0 - Park & Old Astra Cinema - Sewage contamination, 250m Discharges – Final/treated effluent metals Industrial Use Electric Substation (236m SE) Petroleum Within 0 - (modern/ updated substation Hydrocarbons, 250m observed during visual inspection PAH’s, PCB’s. of surrounding area). Historical Industrial Unspecified Tank (247 NW) Petroleum Within 0 - Use Hydrocarbons, 250m PAH’s Infilled Land Pond (94m SE) within grounds of Potential source of Within 0 - Vicarage. Maps and anecdotal ground gas and 250m evidence suggest this has been leachate. infilled. Infilled Land Pond (207-209m SE) Potential source of Within 0 - Present from 1884, no longer ground gas and 250m present on 1974 mapping. leachate. Table 6 - Potential Sources of Contamination
3.03 Potential Contaminant Pathways
Pathways Migration/Leaching - potential for migration of contaminants through soil / groundwater; Surface water drainage- potential for contaminants to migrate within surface water runoff; Inhalation- potential inhalation of soil derived dust containing toxic and / or carcinogenic contaminants; Ingestion- future site users could swallow small quantities of soil derived dust originating from soft landscaped/ garden areas or disturbed ground;
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Dermal absorption – contaminants present within surface or sub-surface soils / fill material can enter the human body through the skin or via open wounds; Corruption of alkathene pipes – if elevated levels of petroleum hydrocarbons are present within surface / sub-surface soils, then ‘plastic’ drinking water pipe can become compromised; Contaminated drinking water – current and future occupants could ingest small quantities of contaminants if they are in long term contact with damaged below ground pipe work; Migration/ accumulation of gas - modern construction techniques can cause accumulations of gas within structures, this can expose site users to gas and lead to explosion. Disturbance/ Physical Contact Table 7- Identified Pathways
3.04 Potential Contaminant Receptors
Receptors Future site users –future residents could be affected by contaminants in the soil, entering the mains water system or ground gas entering the building; Construction workers – should any groundworks occur in the future, workers involved with potential site clearance and preparatory work will be exposed to contaminants present within on- site soils, should they exist; Plastic Drinking Water Pipes Surface Water Features – Pond & Drainage Ditches Environmentally Sensitive Area - Nitrate Vulnerable Zone Groundwater – Source Protection Zone- Total Catchment Zone 3 New Residential Dwellings
Table 8 - Identified Receptors
3.05 Plausible Pollutant Linkages
3.05.1 Using the ‘source – pathway – receptor’ tables above, potential pollutant linkages are identified. An assessment of the likely significance of each linkage is then considered, which would include; the possible extent and mobility of the source; the sensitivity of the receptor and the type of migration/exposure pathways.
3.05.2 An assessment of the probability and the magnitude of potential risk is presented below to give a valuation of each potential pollutant linkage identified and their significance.
3.05.3 This assessment is undertaken based on the current proposals for the site, at the time of issuing this report which are ‘Residential with homegrown produce’.
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3.05.4 This qualitative risk assessment has been undertaken in accordance with - CIRIA C552: Contaminated Land Risk Assessment, A Guide to Good Practice (Rudland et al., 2001).
3.05.5 The following potential receptors have been identified:
Possible Pollutant Linkage RISK Potential Sources Pathways Receptors CHARACTERISATION Historic Nissen Buildings Inhalation Future Site Users Low (Asbestos) Construction Workers Moderate/ High Lawn mower testing Leaching of On Site Soils Low (Hydrocarbons) contaminants into soil Buried Services
Leaching into Groundwater (SPZ 3) Negligible (Due to groundwater likely Diamicton deposits and depth to groundwater) Surface water drainage Surface Water – Low Pond/ Drainage Ditches Buried Services Future Site Users/ Low Inhalation / ingestion / Construction Workers dermal absorption Above Ground Oil Tank Leaching of On Site Soils Low/ Moderate (on-site) contaminants into soil Buried Services
Leaching into Groundwater (SPZ 3) Low groundwater Surface water drainage Surface Water – Low Pond/ Drainage Ditches Buried Services Future Site Users/ Low/ Moderate Inhalation / ingestion / Construction Workers dermal absorption Potential for made Leaching of On Site Soils Low/ Moderate ground on site, contaminants into soil Buried Services including bund on northern boundary Surface water drainage Surface Water – Low (on-site) Pond/ Drainage Ditches Buried Services Future Site Users/ Low/ Moderate Inhalation / ingestion / Construction Workers dermal absorption Ground Workers Moderate/ High
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Potential Unexploded Physical Contact/
Ordnance (UXO) Disturbance of UXO Future Site Users Low (on-site) Discharge Consent- Leaching of On Site Soils
Sewage Discharge- contaminants into soil Buried Services Low final/treated effluent Future Site Users/ (on-site) Inhalation / ingestion / Construction Workers dermal absorption
Business Park & Leaching of On Site Soils Low
Industrial Estate contaminants into soil Buried Services Oasis Storage Solutions Inhalation / ingestion / Future Site Users/
Ltd (on-site) dermal absorption Construction Workers Adjacent Property & Leaching of On Site Soils associated activities contaminants into soil Buried Services Low/Moderate (NW corner) Inhalation / ingestion / Future Site Users/ dermal absorption Construction Workers
Sewage Discharge Leaching of On Site Soils Consent - Wixfield contaminants into soil Buried Services Low Caravan Park, Wixfield Inhalation / ingestion / Future Site Users/
Park & Old Astra dermal absorption Construction Workers Cinema (off-site) Industrial use - Electric Leaching of On Site Soils
Substation (236m SE) contaminants into soil Buried Services Low Inhalation / ingestion / Future Site Users/ Construction Workers dermal absorption Historic Industrial Use - Leaching of On Site Soils Unspecified Tank contaminants into soil Buried Services Low
(247 NW) Inhalation / ingestion / Future Site Users/ dermal absorption Construction Workers Infilled Land Migration/Leaching of On Site Soils contaminants Buried Services Low Pond (94m SE) Inhalation / ingestion / Future Site Users/
Pond (207-209m SE) dermal absorption Construction Workers Migration and New residential Low (Having been accumulation of gas dwellings infilled some time
ago, any significant organic matter will have degraded,
reducing any ground gas remaining.
Table 9 - Possible Pollutant Linkages
3.05.6 A graphical representation of this ‘Conceptual Site Model’ is presented within the appendices.
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3.05.7 The level of potential risk ascribed to each linkage is based on the following criteria:
Risk Classification Description Very high risk There is a high probability that severe harm could arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard at the site without appropriate remedial action. High risk Harm is likely to arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard at the site without appropriate remedial action. Moderate risk It is possible that without appropriate remedial action harm could arise to a designated receptor but it is relatively unlikely that any such harm would be severe, and if any harm were to occur it is more likely that such harm would be relatively mild. Low risk It is possible that harm could arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard but is likely that, at worst, this harm if realised would normally be mild. Negligible risk The presence of an identified hazard does not give rise to the potential to cause significant harm to a designated receptor. Table 10 - Risk Classification
4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
4.01 Summary of Key Drivers
4.01.1 The site was historically part of a larger field from as early as 1884. Nissen buildings appeared within the east aspect from the 1940s to house personnel as part of the wider airfield to the north west. The remaining western aspect of the site was laid to grass. By 1995 the Nissen buildings are part of the Great Bricett Business Park.
4.01.2 The historical review has shown that nearby activities include a vicarage, historic sewage plant, electrical substation, Wixfield mobile home site, Great Bricett village, a hall and Wattisham Airfield.
4.01.3 Various on-site sources such as potential ACM’s within the Nissen buildings, anecdotal evidence of lawn mower testing, an above ground oil tank, made ground (including the bund), Unexploded Ordnance, Sewage Discharge Consent and the Current Industrial Business Park were identified. Potential off-site sources included: the adjacent property & associated activities, Discharge Consents, electrical substation, historic tank and infilled land.
4.02 Environmental Risk Assessment
Human Health
4.02.1 As the site is currently a Business Park and open grass land, any change to a residential land use will increase the sensitivity of the land use. Based on the proposed site layout, each property will
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include a modest area of private garden. Areas of Public Open Space have been provided within and around the new properties.
4.02.2 It is recommended that any risk for the site within the future garden areas of the developments is assessed based on screening criteria established for ‘Residential with homegrown produce’. It is recommended that any risk associated with the proposed public open space is assessed based on the screening criteria ‘Public open space residential’.
4.02.3 The potential risk from the identified sources to future site occupants and construction workers during ground works is mostly considered to be LOW/MODERATE. The potential risk from ACM’s within the fabric of the Nissen buildings represents a MODERATE/HIGH risk particularly where this would be disturbed during demolition works.
Controlled Waters
4.02.4 Although the site falls within a Source Protection Zone (Total Catchment 3), it is largely underlain by cohesive relatively impermeable deposits. The underlying Diamicton is likely to be present to a reasonable depth (>30m), thereby preventing any significant risk of vertical migration/ leaching.
4.02.5 The onsite sources of potential contamination are considered to represent a Low risk to controlled waters.
Buildings
4.02.6 Our desk based research has identified a potential source of ground gas within the vicinity of the site in the form of an in-filled pond. However the potential risk of ground gas migrating to and accumulating beneath, any new structures at sufficient concentrations at which they will adversely affect future site occupants, is considered to be Low.
4.03 Environmental Litigation (Part IIA)
4.03.1 Part IIA only applies to land with chemical contamination, where the contaminants pose an unacceptable risk to human health or the wider environment i.e. land where significant pollutant linkages have been identified. The legislation also only considers risks associated with current site use, leaving any risks associated with a future use to be addressed by the planning system.
4.03.2 Based on our understanding of the previous site uses, and the apparent condition of the site established by our visual survey, we consider it extremely unlikely that the site would be classified as a Contaminated Land under Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act.
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4.04 Further Investigations
4.04.1 Based on the historic site uses and association with the airfield, we consider that the most suitable approach to quantifying any potential contamination is to conduct a Phase II intrusive ground investigation.
5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
5.01 Based on the information obtained and reviewed as part of this preliminary assessment, JPC Environmental Services would advise the following:
▪ A Phase II Site Investigation should be undertaken to establish the depth of any made ground and extent of any contamination. Based on the identified historic site activities we would recommend that the on-site soils are tested for:
- Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons;
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons;
- Heavy metals;
- Asbestos ID.
▪ The proximity of Wattisham Airfield and the Nissen huts on the site, previously used as part of the wider airfield are considered to be potential bombing targets (WWII). We therefore recommend an Un-Exploded Ordnance Survey (UXO), prior to any intrusive works at the site. This report provides recommendations based on an initial screen and analysis of UXO threats. Depending on the findings of the initial desk study (UXO) further more detailed investigations may be required;
▪ Prior to the demolition of any of the Nissen buildings, we would recommend that an HSG265 Pre- Demolition Asbestos Survey is undertaken of the buildings, in accordance with The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012;
▪ We would recommend that in the event of any soil requiring off-site disposal as waste, soil results are assessed in line with the Environment Agency’s Guidance on the ‘Classification and Assessment of Waste (1st edition 2015) Technical Guidance WM3. This will provide an indication of the likely waste classification of materials for off-site disposal purposes;
▪ Prior to any intrusive investigations we would recommend that any specific areas identified within the Ecological Appraisal of the grassland are fenced off to prevent accidental damage.
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6.0 APPENDICES
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Appendix A - Site Location Plan
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Site Location
JPC Environmental Services Project: (A division of J P Chick & Partners Great Bricett Business Park, The Street, Great Bricett, IP7 7DZ Limited) 7 Museum Street Ipswich Job Number: Suffolk IP1 1HQ IE17/061
Date: 05/09/2017
Drawing Number: Drawing Title:
Scale: NTS Site Location Plan
Great Bricett Business Park, The Street, Great Bricett, IP7 7DZ
Appendix B – Architects Layout Plan
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Appendix C – Photographs
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Site Walkover & Location of Photographs:
Location of Bund (Photo 8)
4 5 1 2 Nissen Buildings
3
7
Location of Tank (Photo 6)
10 9
11
Photograph 1 – Nissen Buldings in east of the site
Photograph 2 – Asphalt road leading to Nissen Buildings
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Photograph 3 – View along part of southern boundary
Photograph 4 – Drainage ditch adjacent to East boundary.
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Photograph 5 – Pond on site
Photograph 6 – Tank on site between two of the Nissen Buildings
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Photograph 7 –View looking West across wild grassland
Photograph 8 – Bund along part of Northern boundary
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Photograph 9 – Adjacent property to the site in the North west corner.
Photograph 10 – Evidence of concrete, potential made ground along North West boundary
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Photograph 11 – Access road onto the site.
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Appendix D – Historical Maps
Phase I Contaminated Land Assessment Report – Produced by J P Chick & Partners Ltd For: Bricett Business Park Ltd Our Reference: IE17/061 Date: 21/09/2017