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Land Safety & Survival Land Safety and Survival: Volume 3 Surviving Outdoor Adventures Written by Alaska Marine Safety Education Association staff: Marian Allen, Steven Campbell, Jerry Dzugan, Dan Falvey, Michael Jones, Rick McElrath, and Shawn Newell Edited by Marian Allen, Susan Jensen, Shawn Newell, Dan Walker, and Madelyn Walker Published by University of Alaska Sea Grant Fairbanks, Alaska SG-ED-38 This publication is a product of the Alaska Marine Safety Education Association (AMSEA) whose mission is to reduce injury and the loss of life due to drowning and hypothermia through education and training. AMSEA is supported by the following organizations: Alaska Vocational Technical Center (AVTEC); University of Alaska Marine Advisory Program; North Pacific Fishermen’s Association; North Pacific Fisheries Observer Training Center; Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium; Southeast Alaska Regional Health Consortium, Environmental Health; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Petersburg Vessel Owners Association; Alaska Department of Health and Human Services, Community Health and Emergency Medical Services Section; National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research; U.S. Coast Guard 17th District, Maritime Office of Compliance (MOC). This publication was made possible by funding from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Rural Health Outreach; the Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs; the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Public Health; the Reuben E. Crossett Endowed Alaskan Fund; and the Sitka, Alaska School District Migrant Education Program. More lesson plans and additional teaching resources can be found on AMSEA’s Web site: www.amsea.org Elmer E. Rasmuson Library Cataloging in Publication Data: Allen, Marian. Land safety and survival / Marian Allen . [et al.]. – Fairbanks, Alaska : University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program, 2002. 312 p. : ill. ; cm. – (Surviving outdoor adventures ; v.3) Note: Curriculum and activities for grades 3-12. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Survival skills—Study and teaching—Alaska. 2. Wilderness survival—Study and teaching—Alaska. 3. Maps— Study and teaching—Alaska. 4. Navigation—Study and teaching—Alaska. 5. Hypothermia—Study and teaching—Alaska. I. Title. II. Allen, Marian. III. Series: Surviving outdoor adventures ; v.3. GF86.A435 2002 ISBN 1-56612-075-6 Credits This book is published by the University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program, which is cooperatively supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA National Sea Grant Office, Grant no. NA86RG-0050, projects A/151- 01 and A/161-01; and by the University of Alaska Fairbanks with state funds. The University of Alaska is an affirmative action/equal opportunity institution. Cover design by Dixon Jones, copyedit by Sue Keller, layout and design by Sue Mitchell, Inkworks, Fairbanks, Alaska. Sea Grant is a unique partnership with public and private sectors combining research, education, and technology transfer for public service. This national network of universities meets changing environmental and economic needs of people in our coastal, ocean, and Great Lakes regions. ATMOSPH ND ER University of Alaska Sea Grant A IC IC A N D A M E I C N P.O. Box 755040 I O S L T A R N A 203 O’Neill Bldg. T O I I O T N A N Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-5040 U E S C (907) 474-6707 Fax (907) 474-6285 D R E E P M A M RT O MENT OF C http://www.uaf.edu/seagrant/ Table of Contents Welcome to Surviving Outdoor Adventures! ................................ v Acknowledgments..................................................................................... vi How to Use Volume 3: Land Safety and Survival ................................... 1 Getting around Volume 3: Land Safety and Survival ............................ 1 Permission Forms and Waivers ................................................................ 2 Unit 1: Preparing for a Land Adventure .......................................... 7 Unit Rationale ........................................................................................... 7 Unit Goal.................................................................................................... 7 Preparing for a Land Adventure: Teacher Information ......................... 9 Weather ................................................................................................ 9 Hypothermia ...................................................................................... 11 Clothing.............................................................................................. 13 Personal Survival Kits....................................................................... 16 Comfort Kits—Nice to Have Items .................................................. 17 Equipment ......................................................................................... 17 Trip Plan ............................................................................................ 18 Alcohol and Drugs ............................................................................. 19 Pre-Departure Checklist ................................................................... 21 Preparing for a Land Adventure: Activities Guide ............................... 21 Activities .................................................................................................. 25 Unit 2: Maps and Compasses ............................................................. 83 Unit Rationale ......................................................................................... 83 Unit Goal.................................................................................................. 83 Maps and Compasses: Teacher Information.......................................... 85 Topographic Maps ............................................................................. 85 Orienteering Compasses ................................................................... 87 Global Positioning System (GPS) ..................................................... 87 Measuring Distance ........................................................................... 88 Taking a Compass Bearing ............................................................... 89 Relating Your Position to a Point on a Map..................................... 90 Navigating on Land with an Orienteering Compass ...................... 90 Navigating with a Global Positioning System (GPS) Unit ............. 91 Maps and Compasses: Activities Guide.................................................. 93 Activities .................................................................................................. 96 Unit 3: Emergencies on Land ........................................................... 139 Unit Rationale ....................................................................................... 139 Unit Goal................................................................................................ 139 Emergencies on Land: Teacher Information ....................................... 141 Types of Emergencies...................................................................... 141 Emotional Factors in Emergencies................................................. 141 Avoiding Emergencies ..................................................................... 142 Hypothermia .................................................................................... 142 Hypothermia Signs and Symptoms ................................................ 143 Hypothermia Treatment ................................................................. 144 Lost or Stranded Survival ............................................................... 146 Seven Steps to Survival................................................................... 147 iii Recognition ...................................................................................... 148 Inventory.......................................................................................... 148 Shelter .............................................................................................. 149 Signals .............................................................................................. 154 Water ................................................................................................ 159 Food .................................................................................................. 163 Play ................................................................................................... 164 Fire ................................................................................................... 165 Emergencies on Land: Activities Guide ............................................... 169 Activities ................................................................................................ 174 Overhead Masters ................................................................................. 261 Resources ................................................................................................. 301 iv Welcome to Surviving Outdoor Adventures! Surviving Outdoor Adventures is a K-12 Each instructional unit has an introduction curriculum designed to be used in its entirety or page that summarizes the unit’s purpose and its in parts to help you prepare children and young goal. Used with the unit’s activities guide, it adults to play and work safely in the outdoors provides a tool for you to choose the topics and and around cold water.
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