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Copeland Scroll Heating™ Heat Optimized Scroll Technology

Emerson Climate Technologies at a Glance Emerson Climate Technologies is the world’s leading provider of divisions and brands with our global engineering, design heating, ventilation, , and solutions and distribution capabilities to create reliable, energy efficient for residential, industrial, and commercial applications. We combine climate systems that improve human comfort, safeguard food, technically superior products and services from our industry-leading and protect the environment.

For more details, see www.emersonclimate.eu TSC102-EN-1009

Emerson Climate Technologies - European Headquarters - Pascalstrasse 65 - 52076 Aachen, Germany Phone: +49 (0) 2408 929 0 - Fax: +49 (0) 2408 929 570 - Internet: www.emersonclimate.eu

The Emerson Climate Technologies logo is a trademark and service mark of Emerson Electric Co. Emerson Climate Technologies Inc. is a subsidiary of Emerson Electric Co. Copeland is a registered trademark and Copeland Scroll is a trademark of Emerson Climate Technologies Inc.. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. Information contained in this brochure is subject to change without notification. © 2010 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. system performance depends on several factors: HEAT PUMP BUILDING Building related factors • Building location • Heating demand (building insulation, new / existing Heat Pump Meteorological construction) characteristics data • Heating distribution system • Water temperature setpoint and curves The Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Directive acknowledges energy from air, water and SCOP ground as renewable and heat are recognized as the technology of choice to make Heat pump related factors Building • Type of heat source characteristics it usable. This is an important step to achieve the European targets of 20% CO2 reduction, 20% energy efficiency improvement and 20% increase in renewables in the energy mix, • Type of • Delta temperature on the heat exchangers by 2020. (condenser / ) • Defrost management The recast of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, with the ‘nearly zero-energy • Compressor technology building’ definition (*) and the Ecolabel for Buildings, with a minimum % of renewable in Modern Heat Pump systems must be able to operate efficiently Emerson Climate Technologies has developed a full range (from the energy used by the buildings (25% for existing and 50% for new buildings) are also and deliver quality comfort at a wide range of climate conditions. 5 to 45kW) of heating optimized scroll , with and pointing in the same direction. There is a clear trend to move toward a seasonal efficiency concept without vapour injection, to provide seasonal efficient heating (SCOP) versus the single point performance rating (COP) in order capacity and effective domestic hot water production in residential to better reflect the real operation of the installed equipment (EuP Emerson Climate Technologies, the world’s leading scroll compressor manufacturer, and commercial building applications. Directive, prEN14825,…). always committed to energy efficiency optimization and new technologies, has been the first in the market to offer a complete range of highly efficient scroll compressors optimized for heat pump applications. Renewable energy sources Heat pump Distribution system (refrigerant cycle)

(*) buildings will have to supply a large proportion of their energy requirement from renewable energy harvested either on site or nearby. An exact definition of ‘nearly-zero’ is not given allowing space for National Air interpretations. expansion

Ground approximately 75%

100% Heating Water Hot water evaporation condensation

auxiliary approx. Energy 25% gas electricity compression Copeland Scroll Heating™ ZH series from 5 (from e.g. water, wind, photovoltaics) to 45 kW Heating Capacity

2 3 The prEN14825 defines three different climate The other fundamental factor effecting the heat pump system Refrigerant Considerations zones for Europe: performances is the water temperature used to transfer the heat The choice of the refrigerant also impacts the performance and inside the building. The heat pump water temperature directly • Warm, defined around the climate profile of Athens behavior of the heat pump system. determines the condensing temperature. • Average, based on Strasbourg • Cold, based on Helsinki The heat distribution systems for residential and commercial Each climate profile has a certain amount of hours at each outdoor buildings can be summarized in three main groups: Discharge pressure drop temperature. •Underfloor / radiant panels: max water temperature around 35ºC for low temperature heat pumps For air to water heat pumps, the outdoor temperatures directly R407C • Low Temperature Radiators and Coils: max water R410A determine the system evaporating temperatures which count as temperature around 45-50ºC for medium temperature heat an important factor effecting the heat pump system performances. Water temperature pumps • Normal radiators: originally sized for 80-90ºC but 60-65ºC is Condensation Compression sufficient (design margin, insulation upgrade) for high temperature heat pumps Smaller Lift (ΔP)

Outdoor air temperature

Each Degree Increase in Evaporating or Decrease in Condensing Temperature Implies R410A Refrigerant a 2.5 to 3% Increase of the Compressor SCOP

Evaporation 600 Warm | Athens Suction pressure drop 500 Average | Strasbourg Cold | Helsinki

400

300 R134a R410A & R407C • Best theoretical COP but worse system performance due to Most interesting for heat pump applications low capability and high pressure drops • R410A not as good in theoretical COP as R134a but best heat Amount of hours of Amount 200 • Requires more heat exchange surface for given ΔT & bigger transfer capability and lower pressure drops lead to impact to

100 compressor => negative applied cost impact the best system COP • Can be considered for application requesting very high water • R410A advantages in terms of system compactness (applied temperatures (>70°C) but COP decreases proportionally to the cost), defrost and system reversibility (no glide) 0 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 temperature lift • R410A has a high discharge temp. -> more challenging for

Outdoor Temperature (°C) high water temperature in air to water heat pumps • R407C close to R410A -30Evaporating Temperature (°C) 7

4 5 Standard A/C Copeland Scroll

Heating Optimized Copeland Scroll

Copeland Scroll Residential & Commercial Line-up COP High PR Valve

Isentropic Effy Standard A/C Optimization PR ZR-R407C (R134a)

Heating Optz. PR +10% +10% ZP-R410A

Pressure Ratio (PR) Envelope extension

(*) EVI = Enhanced Vapour Injection ZH-R407C (R134a) Std A/C Isentropic Effy Std A/C COP EVI COP Heat. Opt. Isentropic Effy Heat. Opt. COP

ZH-R410A The high pressure ratio valve specifically designed for Copeland Plotting the Pressure Ratio lines over the compressor operating Scroll Heating™ compressors helps reducing under-compression envelope and shading the typical working conditions for the various losses and thus improves compressor COP at high condensing and applications (based on the considerations done so far), shows quite Heating kW (-7/35) low evaporating conditions (up to +10% without Enhanced Vapor clearly that certain applications, from a heat pump stand point, 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Injection and up to +20% with EVI compared to a standard A/C are more challenging than others. Copeland scroll). Enhanced Vapor Injection models - not available for R134a

Moreover, the heating optimization and the Enhanced Vapor Whenever the heat source is the outdoor air (low evaporating) and New 40HP Scroll Injection feature enlarge the compressor operating map allowing the heat pump has to deliver very high water temperature either efficient operation even in very cold climates. for radiators or domestic hot water production, the Copeland Scroll Heating™ ZH compressor is the best choice. Summary Based on Seasonal Efficiency Considerations

Air to Water Heat Pumps (A/W) Brine to Water (B/W) and Water to Water (W/W) 75 • Heating optimized Copeland Scrolls (ZH) provide important • Both technologies (heating optimized and standard A/C) are 70 efficiency improvements for cold and average climates for all possible envelope-wise, but the heating optimized range features 65 water temperature applications (low, medium, high) higher efficiency especially for high temperature water Heating Optimized 60 High Pressure Pressure Ratio • Enhanced Vapour Injection further increases the efficiency applications. C)

Ratio 55 Standard A/C heating capacity & operating envelope and therefore is Pressure Ratio 50 particularly indicated for cold climates and high water Domestic Hot Water (DHW) 45 temperature heat pumps. • For cost effective DHW production heating optimized

40 Low Pressure • Standard A/C compressors might be interesting for the warm compressors offer the best solution (efficiency and envelope- Ratio 35 climate and low water temperature, but the operating envelope wise) for all heat pump types (A/W, B/W, W/W).

30 limitation might lead to an excessive use of the electrical heater.

Condensing Temperature ( Temperature Condensing 25

20

15

10 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Evaporating Temperature (°C)

Wet Injection Domestic Hot Water Heating Optimized A/W Radiators Heating with vap. inj. A/W Under Floor Standard A/C B/W Radiators 6 7