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WEST DOORWAY Clee Church. Notices of i \

BEING AN

HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT

OF

SOME VILLAGES

IN THE

gHinettnt of Jmfcsetj,

BY JOHN GEORGE HALL.

“A book’s a book, altho' there’s nothing in ,t.”

HULL : Printed by the “Eastern Morning News” Co., Ltd., Wliltefriargate.

1 H 9 0 . -

% *«.S3 U- nihJ

CORRECTIONS.

Page 24—8th line, Beatrix Ilaulay.

„ 88—12th line, read Himene for Nimene.

,, 123—7th line, 1522 for 1512.

PREFACE.

The following pages are dedicated to those who are kind enough to take the trouble to read them.

The observations on some of the subjects it contains may not find acceptance with all, but that does not matter much, as I do not pretend to Infallibility.

If the reader derives half as much satisfaction in the perusal of these pages as the writer has in visiting the villages mentioned, then I shall he amply repaid for the work done.

To the various Clergyman of these several parishes I tender my sincere thanks for their uniform courtesy and kindness, and tor the help afforded me from their Parish Registers, &c.,&c.

The following Works have been consulted :— Andrews’ History of Winterton. Abraham De la Fryme (Surtees Society). The Architectural Society's Papers. The Lincoln Volume of the Archaeological Institute. Dugdale, Fuller, Leland. National Records, Post Mortems, Pipe Rolls, &c White’s Gazetter, Isaac Taylor's Words and Places. Vols. of the Gentleman’s Magazines, die., die.

J. G. H. Gkbat Union Street, Hull, 1890.

GOXHILL.

The earliest record we have of Goxhill (or, as it was then called, “Golse”)—is in the Doomsday Survey thus :— Jr Golse, Anti had one carucate of land to he taxed. Land, to, t\v®'ploughs. Huger a vassal of the bishops has there two ploughs, and eight villanes and eight sokenien with one plough, and eighty acres of meadow, value in King Edward’s time thirty-two shillings, now- forty shillings. Xallaged at ten shillings. In the reign of Edward I., the (l ord of Holclerness) ancl (he Bishop of Lincoln (the Bishop of Bayeux and the Trusbuts) had possession of it, and it was afterwards held—probably as a knight’s fee— by Robert de lloos, and others of his family, until the time of Henry V., when William Lord Rons died, seized on the manor held by the Countess of (Stafford. In the. reign of Edward I., Simon de Vere also held a fee of the Earl of Albemarle, and another under the Bishop of Lincoln. De Vere is traditionally said to have left a large estate to the poor, which they did not long enjoy. The manor of Goxhill be¬ longs to Mr Bradley, of Castieford, but the land is chiefly owned by Mr Thorold, Mr Hildyard, Mr J. Turner, Mr W. Brookes, the Corporation of the Trinity House, and by several resident families. About a mile to the east of the church, near the hamlet of Littleworth, are the remains of what is generally called Goxhill Priory, said to have been founded by William de Alta Ripa for Cistercian Nuns about 1185. But, although this has been

A Goxhill.

copied from one history to another, it is doubtful whether this place ever was a monastic establishment. No mention is made of it in Speed or Dugdale in connection with the dissolution of the religious houses. Probably the mistake has arisen in this way. Speed mentions in his list, “ The Nunnery, of Gokewell.” This is situated in the parish of Broughton, near , and it is said to have been founded by Alta de Ripa, and granted at tiie dissolution to one of the Tyrwitts. At the recent visit of the Lincoln and Notts Archeological Society, the Goxhill ruin was examined, and a paper read upon the subject by Mr R. H. Taylor. The conclusion come to by that gentleman was that it was neither a chantry chapel, a parochial chapel, nor an oratory. The real question which puzzled archaeologists is whether the chapel was an appendage of , or a private chapel of the Lord of the Manor of Goxhill. Mr Taylor thought there was much evidence that it was a private chapel. One of the strongest points in support of this view was the will of Sir Phillip de Spencer, in 1401. Sir Phillip,who acquired the Goxhill property by marriage, was a younger son of the favourite of Edward LI., and was executed. The conclu¬ sion Mr Taylor came to, after considering the facts relating to it, was that the building was erected by the Abbey authorities, and conveyed to one of the family of the Spencers. Canon Venables, too, had no doubt that it was a manorial chapel.

L visited it a shore time ago, and examined it. It is a building about 40ft. high, built of tine square-hewn stone. It is of three bays, and in the upper storey the windows have been large, but Goxhill. 3

are now built up. This storey formed the chapel. It is now used as a granary. Beneath, on the ground floor, are several vaulted >’001118 and passages, now used as a dairy and kitchen, and other offices for a farm bailiff. There is a circular turret and steps to the top at the west end. The moat, which has at one time surrounded it, still exists, on the east side. In “Early Lincoln Wills,” lately pub¬ lished by Sir Gibbons, a will in Bishop Beaufort’s Register thus refers to this chapel :—

“ Piiiu.ip i.k Despenseii, Knight. Dated at GOl'X- ilILL, 1 August, 1401. (Fo 3S.)” After giving instructions as to burial and various bequests of books to relatives, the following items occur :— “ To Gouxhill Parish Church ununi frontal* de armis meis et armis, Dom deCobham, &c. “ Bequests for masses in Gouxhill Church, and in the chapels in my manors of Gouxhill and Gedney. “ Executors.— My son James Roos, John de la Liuml, Henry Cusas, vicar of Gouxhall, and John Uurdetand Ralph de Gonxlnll, my chaplains. “ Supervisor.—My son John le Despenser. “ My lands in Ii<>lderncss, and rents in Halton t«* my son Robert for life.*’ Between the chapel and the village, in the fields south of the church, are the marks of extensive foundations and the remains of a moat—the site probably of the mansion of the De Spensers--and at the east end of the church is an old build ingot tlie Elizabethan period, now a farm¬ house. The village is pleasantly-situated 011 a slight eminence, and is of consider able size. On the highest part of the village is the Parish Church. It is a line structure, and is dedicated to All Saints’. It consists of a nave, chancel, north and south aisles, a tower at the west end and both north and south porches. The whole of the nave and 4 Goxhill

;iisles are of the Perpendicular period, while the chancel is Early English. The arcades are tine specimens of their period. There are eight clerestory windows of three lights on eacli side of the nave. The arches rest on four octagonal columns; the chancel arch is lofty ancl of tine proportions, a similar arch dividing the tower from the nave. The north aisle is lighted by six windows of three lights each ; the south aisle by the same number of a like kind. The chancel is lighted on the north side by a window of three lights of the lancet shape, and one of two lights. The east window is of four lights. On tiie south side are two windows of two lights each, and the remains of an arch now blocked up. There is also a double piscina and aumbry in the south wall; also a recess on the opposite side of the chancel. The nave and aisles are seated with open seats of pine. In the chancel are four oak stalls. On the floor of the chancel, close to the north wall, is the effigy of a crusader in chain armour, the head resting on a pillow, the legs crossed, and the right hand grasping a half-drawn sword. Tradition says it is that of Walter de Vere, who was Lord of Goxhill in the time of Edward II. The interior of the church is spacious, the admeasurement being— nave, 54ft. long by 51ft. wide. Including the aisles, the length of the chancel is 40ft. by 20ft. Through the kindness of the vicar (the Tiev J. Seed, M.A.), I was permitted to in¬ spect the registers. The earliest entries are in the year 1543. In that year the following occurs:—

‘‘1543, ISth Octr., Thomas, ye son of Henry Walker, Baptized. Goxhill.

1543, 25th Octr., Isabel, ye danghtr of George Cook, Baptized. Burying*. 1545, George, ye son of Margaret Burall, Buried." There .ire no entries of special note, but the fact is shown that, in certain years, the mortality was very high—much above the average, This was caused, probably, by scarcity of food, or the prevalence of some contagious disease. The church con¬ tains a number of monumental inscrip¬ tions. Among them is the following on a blue flagstone on the south side of the chancel : — *• Here lyetli tile body of the I.ady Eliza Wentworth, daughter ami coheir or Thomas Savile, ot Wakefield, Esq.,relict < f Sir Win. Wentworth, Kt.,*Jml brother to the , who, having lived the best example of piety and charity, dyed lamented by all lovers of vertvs, ye 9th of Novemb, 1666, in ye 66th year of her age.” On a coarse grit stone adjoining : — “ Here lyetli the bodies of John and Robert S Hides, Son of Mr Robert Sarnies, and Anne his wife. 1(569.” On the north side of tiie chancel a small blue stone bears this :— ■* Here lyetli the body of William Markham, soil of Robert Markham, of Thornton, died the 6th day of Deer., 1660.” On the north wall of the chancel a mural tablet of marble bears the follow¬ ing :— “ In this chancel lye ye bodyes of Edward Skynner, Esq., and Arrahella, son and daughter of Ed. Skynner, ol Thornton Colledge, Esq , and of Ann, his wife, daughter of Sir Win. Wentworth (2nd brother to the Earl of Strafford), he dyed on Monday, ye 27th Septem¬ ber, 1669, in ye loth year of his age, and his sister hewaling ye loss of him even to admiration followed him ye Sunday after, in the 14th year of her age. “ That their short abode here might be supplied by a more lasting fame, the disconsolate mother dedicated tills monument of her affection to ye memory of her lamented children, in whom her wishes were obtained and her hopes satisfied in ye evidences they so early gave of their being ye descendants of their 6 GrOXHILL.

vertous, generous, & religious father, who went before to take possession for them of more continuing inheritances.” At tlie west end of the nave is a blue flag-stone, with the following inscrip¬ tion :— “Here lyetli the body of Ed. Skyner, of Thornton College, Esq. He married Anne, ye daughtr of Sir Win. Wentworth, and left issue one snnne and two daughters. He died on ye tilth daie of May, 1C57, in ye three and thirtytli year of hisage.” “ Here lyetli also interd Anne, wife ot Ed. Skyner, Esq , of Thornton Colledge, in this county, daughter of Sir Win. Wentuurth, brother to the late Karl of Strafford, who died 20th September, 1707, aged 79 years.” Another lias the following :— “Here lyetli the body of John Sandes, of Goxhill. gent., who married the daughter of Robert Middle- mere, Esq., and had issue by her 5 sons, viz. :— Robert, John, Edward. George, & William, and 3 daughters, Eliza, Ann, and Dorothy, He died ye 21st day of Deer., in ye year of our Lord, 1604, being ye 74th of iiis age.” At the other end of the nave, in front of the reading desk, on a blue Hag-stone, is this:— “ In memory of William HiMyarri, Esq., of , who died the 2nd of Deer., 1781, aped 07 years; also Frances, relict of the above Win. Hildyard, Esq., who died the 25th April, 1811, aged 77 ; also Charolotta, the daughter of William and Frances Hildyard, who died the 21st of March, 1782.” In the centre aisle :— “ In memory of Mary, the wife of Thomas Hardy. She departed this life the 15th of Aug., 1789, aged 02 years. And of the said Thomas Hardy, who died the 17th of March 1792, aged 67 years.” On either side of the north door are brass plates with the following : — This ancient church, being greatly dilapidated, was completely repaired and beautified, at a cost of more than £2,000, by the landowners, inhabitants, and friends. Charles Hugh Hardugar, B.A., Vicar.

Robert , Thurlow Serjent, Churchwardens. Charles Towers,

Joseph Dinsdale, | Sidesmen. Lewis Gregory, Goxhill.

To record tlie name of Miss Jane Thorold, obit A.D. 1880, -KTAT 90, chief giver to this Church, after much formerkimlness ; also of the family of Hildyard, and of I books, also of Broughton, Cavil], Clark, Clifton, Clayton, Dindsdale, Fox, Gregory, Hardy, Howson, Lamb, Nelson, Perciv.il. Only 3 Estates contain 300 acres. The old pews, which were removed at the restoi ation, had on them this inscrip¬ tion :— “John Slack, vicar, 1733 & 7. ‘ Blessed be the Lord God of our fathers, which hath put such a thing in our heart to beautify the house of the Lord.’ 1 Esdras vii., 27--1736. And they finished these things by the command¬ ment of the Lord God of Israel, and with the consent of Richard Lord Bishop of Lincoln, in the x year of the reign of George the Ilnd, 1737.” The walls of the church had been decorated profusely with mediaeval mural paintings, and during the process of re¬ storation. beneath the coats of whitewash and p'aster, they were exposed to view. Some of them were in a good state of preservation, and the old English charac¬ ters quife legible. The twelve tribes of Israel were emblematically represented, each painting having an appropriate verse, and beingsurrounded by beautifully- executed scroll work. There are four bells in t he tower of the steeple, with the following inscriptions in black letter :— (1.) “1756.” (2.) “ Glory be to God on high.—1624." (8.) “Gloria in Excelsis Deo.—1715." (4.) “ Fear God ; Honour the King.”—1666." ULCEBY.

T11e village of Ulcebv is situated in the parts of Lindsey ; it is about seven miles south-east from Barton. In I lie parish is a hamlet called Ulceby Skitter, about Ik miles to the east, where is a station on the Manchester and Sheffield Bail way. In the Doomsday Book this place is called Vlvesbi, and from that record we find there were then five chief landowners in Ulceby— viz., the Bishop of Lincoln, Norman de Adreci, Erneis de Brvon, Colegrim, and Hugh the Thane. Tn 1085 Bishop Remiquis de Eescamp had two carucates in Ulceby. Ranulph de St. Valeri (ancestor of the Nevills) held of the bishop one plough land (then worth ten shillings), and the same in the time of Edward the Confessor, when Alden had six bovates which paid geld. The name Ulceby is probab y derived from the original settler— Ulf or Ulvi—and the suffix by, according to Isaac Taylor in his Words and 1‘taces, a dwelling or farm, Ulceby may therefore mean Ulf s farm or village A part of the Lordship seems for a considerable period to have formed part of the possessions of the Bishops of Lincoln, for in 1213 Henry de Nevill held four bovates in Hulesby and Stalingburgh by Knight service of the Bishop of Lincoln. That part of the manor belonging to Norman de Arce continued in the posses¬ sion of the Barons de Arce until, at the death of the fourth baron, the estate passed to the Limbury and Pedwardine Ulceby. 9

families. Meanwhile, the Nevills con¬ tinued to hold lands by knighl’s-fee of (lie de Arces, and John de Nevill, in the reign of Edward J., gave one carncate of land to tin* Abbey of Newsome. In Dugdale’s Monasticon we find that in 1536 the Abbey of Newsome had property in Ulceby, viz. rents of land held at will, £'5 Is 4d, and a farm, £3 3s 8d. That part of the manor belonging to Erenis de Brvn was the largest and most valuable of the estates in Ulceby. In 1085 he had 10 carucates, four plough lands, and 30 fokemen ; had one plough land and eight villans ; and 10 bordars with nine ploughs. There was a church and a priest, and half a mill of 10s and 500 eels value ; and 60 acres of meadow, it was worth £8, and the tollage was 40s. This property was escheated to the King, and was granted to Geoffrey Fitz- payn, the ancestor of the Barons Trusbutt. Geoffrey founded, in 1132, the Priory of Watre, in , and endowed it with all that portion of the Church of Ulceby which Geoffrey, the King’s Chaplain, held, and that gift was confirmed by Pope Innocent in 1245. In 1189 King Richard I. confirmed to the Abbey of Thornton, the grant of the Earl of Albemarle of the Church of Ulceby, the gift of Ralph de Monto Alto, of the Mill of Ulceby, and the gift of William Trusbutt of pasture for 300 sheep. The canons of Thornton had be¬ fore, from King Edward I., a grant of free warren in the Manor of Ulceby. This part of the estate passed, about the year 1275, into the family of the Lords de Ros, in which family it continued until 1508. In 1536, on the dissolution of Watre Priory, it was granted to Thomas Earl of

B 10 Ulceby.

Rutland, and settled by his will on his eldest son, Henry Lord Ros, and Margaret, his wife, as her jointure. The portion of the manor belonging to the Abbey of Thornton, at the dissolution, reverted to the Crown. In 1559, on March 14th,Queen Elizabeth, in consideration of £1,606 2s 6d granted to Sir John Spencer, Knight of , and his heirs, the Manor of Ulceby, with various rents, tithes, Ac., to hold to the said Sir John Spencer in fee, as to tlie Rectory, as of the Manor of East Green¬ wich, by fealty only, in free and common socage ; and as to the Manor, as of the Honour of Hampton Court, by the service of the 40th part of a knight’s fee. It is probable Sir John Spencer sold the Manor to the Appleyards, in whose, hands it continued till the commencement of the last century. It then became the property of William Dickinson, of New Malton. He sold it to Richard Langley, Esq., who, in 1744, in consideration of £4,130, conveyed the Manor and Rectory of Ulceby to David Field, of Kingston-upon-Hull, in whose family it still remains. The church is dedicated to St. Nicholas, and is a tine specimen of a village church. It consists of a nave, chancel, north and soutli aisles, a chapel on the north side, a tower, surmounted with a spire, and porches on both the north and south sides. The chancel and the tower are the oldest portions of the church, probably before the reign of Edward I. The nave is divided from the aisles by three pointed arches on each side, over which is a clerestory. The best part of the church is the south side, which is a fine example of flowing decoration ; it contains east and west and two south windows, Ulcery. 11

piscina and aumbry. Tlie chancel arch is also decorated, the east window of the chancel, and the west window in the tower, eacli of three lights, are perpendicular, so likewise, is the clere story, which has three lights on each side. A lancet arch separates the nave from the tower. On the south side of the chancel are three windows, the centre one decorated and the others perpendicular, and in the chancel is a piscina on the south side, and two aumbrys on the north side. The north chapel is separated fiom the aisle by the ancient rood-screen, which was removed from the chancel, the seats are of oak. and the heads are beautifully carved. Near the chancel arch is the dedication cross, in a tine state of preservation. There was formerly an oaken bench, carved with the name of John Lowtli, Abbott of Thornton, temp. Henry VII. and VIII. The font is Norman, or very early English.

Through the exertions of the Itev William Henry Flowers, late vicar, the church was in a g.eat measure restored in the year 1852; and in the year 187!) the south aisle was restored, at a cost of £700, and the south porch rebuilt by the liev William Uetcher, D.D., the present vicar, in memory of his wife.

The east window of the chancel is of three lights, and tilled with stained glass. Subject : The Crucifixion— the two Alary’s and St. John. Text; “For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive." In loving remembrance of W. D. Field, Aged 93 years, of Ulceby Grange. By his children, U. and M. A. L. Fletcher.

The window at the east end of the south aisle is decorated by four lights, 12 Ulceby.

Subject: Abraham, Moses, Joshua, and David, and an event in the life of ea<-h. Beneath on a brass plate—

This window was erected In memory of Win. lien. Flowers, 31 ye n - Vicar of Ulceby, by liis Parishioners and friends, ob. 1873.

There are several monuments in the church, among which are the following : — One in the floor of the tower—

Hie jacet Ki as Howson Generosus Johans Howson Episci Dunelms Pronepos, Vir Pietate Justitia?, et Cliaritate Insignia Obit 26 Octl', All 1742, H2t sure 69. Another to the memory of the

Rev Joseph Oreenliow, Vicar, died 22 April, 1810, m his 48th year. “ Eiebitor Omnibus.” On the floor of the chancel—

David Field, Ksq., died 20 Feb., 1771. aged 06. Klizth Field, his daughter, died 6 Octr., 1767, age 28. Catherine Radley, wife of Chas. Radley, Cent., died 29 Aug., 174 , Mged 50. Charles Rndly, Cent., died 29 Jan., 1784, aged 94. Catherine Radiy, died 11 Deer., 18U1, aged 85. Catherine Radiy, died 21 Ap., 1811, aged 91. Mural tablets : On the south side of the chancel— Rev Davi.l Field, B. A., Vicar, died 1C Octr., 1309, aged 75. Elizth, his wife, died .Nov., 1819, aged 77. Jonathan Field, of l.aceby; born at Louth, 29 May, 1776, and died 14tli Jany., 1331, aged 54. Elizth, his wife, died 39 Sep.. 1835, aged 40. David, their youngest son, died at Torquay 28 Jan., 1S10, aged 14 yf ars. Mary Ann, wife of Wm. D. Field and daughter of Capt. Oldham, 6 ', married 25 April, 1897, and died 4 Feby., 1899, aged 24. On the north side of the chancel — William Jonathan Brandstrom, son of William David Field, Esq., cut off in his 29 year by a ste.un engine passing over him near Paddington, 25 Oct., Is38. The parish registers commence in the year 15G7, and are fairly complete to the Ulceby. 13

present time. Vol. 1, a long, narrow folio, bound in oak panel, extends from the commencement to about 1635, and vols. 2, 3, and 4 down to 1812. The first volume lias this heading—

A Register of all the Christn (ingeS) Burialls and Marriages (from) The Feast of St. Mic hael (Anno) Ulcebio d’ni 1567 unto the said feaste 1568 as folowe

1567 Cliristeninges Imprimis Elizabetha Jilia j his Gartham, baptizata fnit, die Oct. — Burialls, Margarita uxor Rubeiti Human Sepulta fuit. — Marriages, Will mus Mundage et El'zabeth Barnabye niatrimonie, jungebantur 2 i, die Novembris. The above are the earliest entries. There are thirteen baptisms, thirteen burials, and three marriages. In the first year, at the end of tin; year’s entries, are these signa¬ tures— Thomas Appleyard, Hen Foster, j- Church wardens.

A curious entry occurs in the year 1586 :— Md. th ;t in the year of our Lord 1586, the 27 of ffebruary, tiler fell a controvrsea touching the clarkes wages in the town of Ulceby wether ye wages were for every farm one strike of barb y o 4

Another curious entry occurs in March 16th, 1683. A certificate granted to William, son of Hubert Johnson, to be touched by His Majesty for the King’s evil. Underneath some one has wrote :— “ Many there are that speak evil of dignities.” This curious custom, which dates from the time of King Henry the Yl I., seems at this period to have obtained to an enormous extent. It appears from a register kept by Thomas Haynes, Esq., Sergeant of 11 is Majesty’s Chapel Royal, that from May, 1660, to 1682, no less than 92,000 persons were touched by the King for this disease. A curious and interesting return was made in the reign of Elizabeth, 156.r>-6, by Thomas Appleyard and John Foster, Onurcl. wardens, relating to the ornaments, Ac., that were in Ulceby Church in the time of Queen Mary, and is as follows :—

Vic tie, Thomas Appleyard ami Johnue Ffoster, Imp’inis the mode Marie and John and all other Popish linage*’*, were hurnt and broken in pieces in Ao p’mo. Kliz. Jolinne Wellss and Thomas Suiythe, Church¬ wardens. Itm. All or Popishe bookes of batten were made awaie and defaced at the same tjuie to our knowledge, for we knowe not what is become of them all, but some of them «e have torne in our tymes. Itm. The rood loft taken downe A. n. 1563, and was sold to Thomas Appleyard, Johnne Poster, and Nicholas Toll, and they have male windows, doors, and ch“sts thereof. Itm. One vestment, one cope sold to Thomas Aple- yard, and he meneth to make bed hangings thereof, and one deacon vestment, which he hath defaced like¬ wise. Itm. One Utten crose and two latten candlesticks, and one holy water fatte, sold to Unbelt Moorand Peter Poughtie, and they have broken them in pieces and exchanged them. Itm. One Crysmatorie, onepix, one pair of sensers, one pax, one Sacringe bell, one crewett made awayie and gone we know not howe nor what is become of them. Itm. ij handbelles broken in pieces and sold tc Dr Vicare. (See Peacock's Church Furniture, p. 155.) Ulceby.

The following are a few additional entries from the church register :— “ 1567, Will mus Appleyarde, generosus sepultus fnit. 1571, Thom’s filius 'J'h mse Appleyarde, baptizat fwir. 1578, Edward, son of Thomas Appleyarde, was bur the lltli December. 1579-80, Sylvestor Bellows, gener et Issabella Apple¬ yarde, matrimouio, jugebantur, 28th die January. 1583. Elena Appleyard uxor Will’mi Appleyard Sepulta juit—Martij. 1592, Thomas YYindle et Jana Appleyard matrimouio jugebantun 7 o die Novembris. Jhe Charlesworth vie ib in. 1595, 6 J lies Charlesworth vicarius hurus ecclesie sepult fuit 4 o die ffebruarij. 1595,6 Henricus Hellingley minister inductus in d c’m mininteriu 4 o die Martij A o. supradicto. There are 5 hells in the steeple which bear the following inscriptions :— 1. Edmund Smith Vicar, William Smith William Church Mallvby 1724. Wardens 2. The same inscription. Church 3. Te Deuin I.avdamas E.S.vic : W.S. W.M. Wardens. 1724. 4. .les’s 15 K my sped and 1588. 5. I sweetly toiling men do call to taste on meats that feed the sole. -1606. I am indebted lo the vicar.the llev Win Fletcher, D.D., for his kindness in per¬ mitting me to inspect tiie registers, and for affording me much valuable informa¬ tion respecting bis village and church. THORNTON ABBEY.

Finn was their faith—the ancient bands The wise in heart—in wood and stone, Who rear’d, with stern and trusting hands, The dark grey towers of days unknown ; They tilled those aisles with many a thought, They bade.each nook some truth recall: The pillar'd arch its legend brought, A doctrine came \vi h roof and wall. About tive miles from the town of Barton are situated the monastic ruins of Thorn ton Abbey, the village of Thornton being about two miles to the west of the. Abbey. The date of the foundation is the fourth year of the reign of Stephen (A.D. 1139), 73 years after the Norman Conquest. It was founded by William le (Jros, Earl of Albemarle and Lord of Holdcrness, for monks of the Order of St. Augustine. He also founded the Cistercian Abbey of Vandey, at Edenham, in the southern division of the county, and that of Meaux, near Beverley, in Yorkshire. He died in 1180, and was buried at Thornton, and the record of its grateful chronicler is that he was “an eminent founder of monasteries.” The establishment commenced just a year after the foundation. Waltheof, a kins¬ man of the founder and prior of Kirk- ham, in Yorkshire, took with him to Thornton twelve canons, constituting one of them, named Richard, the first prior. He was afterwards made abbot by a bull of Pope Eugenius the Third. A chronological account of the Abbey is preserved among Tanner’s manuscripts in the Bodleian Library. It is a small folio written on paper, and the probable date TH0ENT0N ABBEY. 17

of it is the commencement of the six¬ teenth century. This document is useful, showing, as it does, the gradual growth and advance of a great monastic institu¬ tion, as gathered from the records by this unknown monk, who applied himself to collect the names of the “masters of the fabric,” and to discover the dates of the several parts of the building.

It seems probable that, at its founda¬ tion, the buildings were of a temporary nature, and continued so (perhaps) for several years. From the chronological account before mentioned, we find that the stone for the great altar was purchased in 1262, in which year the dormitory was roofed. In 1263, the foundations of the body of the church were laid, and it was still in course of construction in 1282, when the Chapter House was begun. The choir of the church appears to have been covered in by the year 1315, when certain payments were made lor painting the roof. The Chapter House was paved in 1308. In the year 1323 a new cloister and kitchen were built: the former was roofed in 1325, in which year we find an entry for payments for the foundations of the columns of the church. The presbytery in the choir was built between 1443and 1473. The beautiful gatehouse— the most perfect existing portion of the ruins—was built in the reign of Richard II. ; the date of the license to crenellateit being A.D. 1382.

The possessions of the abbey were con¬ firmed by King Richard I. in the first year of his reign, as was also a grant from Rope Celestine III., exempting its inhabitants from the payment of a certain tithe of cattle. The advowson of the abbey— together with all the lands and possessions c 18 THORNTON ABBEY.

of the Earl of Albermarle—was escheated to Edward I., and, being thus annexed to the Crown, Edward III., in the sixtli year of his reign, by the advice of the prelates and barons in Parliament, granted that the abbot should not be obliged to attorn to any, in case a grant of the advowson should be made, but that he should hold the possession immediately of the Crown, and in the same manner and form as they were given by the founder. Edward, Duke of York, the grandson of Edward III., appears from an account in Weir’s “” (page 200), to have had a grant of the patronage of this abbey. This institution, after increasing con¬ tinually in wealth and power under a succession of 23 Abbots, during a period of 402 years, was suppressed in 1541, and a portion of its revenues applied to the endowment of a college, consisting of a dean and prebendaries, dedicated to the Holy Trinity. This second establishment was but short¬ lived, for. in the second year of Edward VI., it shared the fate of the Abbey.

At the dissolution its revenues, accord¬ ing to Speed, were £730 17s 2d. It con¬ sisted of six monks, with the following servants:—“A larderer and potager, a master cook, with three boys, a cow herd, with two boys, two swine herds, a carter and poulterer, three gardeners and their boy, acurerof herrings, the sub-cellarer’s boy, a messenger, and a keeper of ducks and wild fowl.” In the year 1541 it was visited by Henry VIII., his Queen, and I heir attendants, on their return from the North, they crossing the from Hull to Barrow Haven. The THORNTON ABBEY. 19

Abbot and all the monks came out in solemn procession to meet their royal quests, who remained for several days, and were splendidly entertained. At tlie dis¬ solution of the college, its site—with the greater part of the precincts, along with divers other estates in Thornton, Barrow, Goxhill, Hal ton. andUlceby—were granted for a term of twenty-one years to Henry, Bishop of Lincoln, for a rent of £44 9s 8d, and by letters patent (dated 3rd of July third of Edward the VI.) the reversion of the same was granted to Robert Wode, of the Inner Temple, London, gent., from whom the Bishop of Lincoln purchased the site in perpetuity. The Bishop, by his will dated 2nd August, 1551, disposed of this property to his wife, with remainder to ilis son, Thomas llandes, of the City of Lincoln, gentleman Eandes sold the same (1st September, 1575) to Sir Robert Tyrwhitt, of Keetleby, knight ; in 1587, Dame Elizabeth Tyrwhitt was in possession of the premises, and by feoffment, dated 24th November, 1588, she conveyed the same to her grandson, Robert Tyrwhitt who in 1002 sold it to Sir Vincent Skyner of the city of Westminster, knight. In 1720 the estate passed by sale to Sir Robert Sutton, of Kelham, in the county of Nottingham, knight, from whose family in 1792 the estate passed by sale to George Uppleby, Esq., of Barrow, upon whose death it was again sold and conveyed to Lord Yarborough, in whose family it continues.

From the existing ruins (with the excep¬ tion of the gatehouse) it is difficult to form an idea of what this place once was. Undoubtedly it would be a grand pile. From the beautifully carved stones in the grounds of the lodge 20 THORNTON ABBEY.

we may get some faint idea, but many of the stones have been removed and used for other buildings. De la Pry me visited the ruins in 1697, and according to liis account “many figures of men and animals,” and other decorations, were visible at that period. In his diary he says :—“From thence I went to Thornton ; I was amazed to see the vasf, stupendious fragments of the buildings that have been there. There is all the gait-house yet standing, of a vast and incredible bigness, and of the greatest art, ingenuity, and workmanship that ever I saw in my life. There is four or five images standing in the front thereof of excellent simitry and workmanship, and upon every exalted and turitted stone in the Battlements of the gatehouse ; and on the top of the turritts stands images from the middle, of men with swords, shields, poleaxes, etc., in their hands looking downwards; and I was told that, upon the battlements of the whole college, when it was standing, was innumerable statues of the greatest ingenuity and workmanship imaginable—some in shape of soldiers, others of astronomers, carpenters, others of all trades and sciences, so that, looking up, the Batllements of all the whole build¬ ing seemed to be covered with armed men. There are abundance of images yet on various places of the Gait- house—dogs, Pulls, Pears, Lions, Foxes, &c. The passage all over a vast moat is of delicate workmanship and ingenuity, so that I cannot easily describe the same.There is there the hugest, finest court that I ever saw in my life, with two rows of trees on each side, on both sides of which trees is the ruins of vast buildings to be seen, and the like almost all over. At the north side is the TH0UXT0X ABBEY. 21

fragments of the cliappell, of mighty line stone and curious workmanship, which, by I lie arches that is now standing, ap¬ pears to be above half buried m the ground i>y its own ruins. The drainers that drained these levels of Ankham fetched all the stone from this chappel that they buiit Ferrby Sluice with, and, by a just" 1 judgment of God upon them for applying it to a profane use, the drainers were all undone, and the SI nice that cost many thousands of pounds building is now coming down. Out of a part of the old building is built a large hall not far from the chapel, which, with the whole estate, belongs to Lady Skinner, of London. There is a current story, that about one hundred years ago as one was pulling down some of these old buildings they discovered a little hollow room, which was a Monk’s cell, with the exact figure of a Monk in all his clothes, set before a little table with an old parchment book before him, and a pen and ink and paper, all which fell to ashes when they were shaked and touched.” This circumstance has been mentioned by several writers, but the manuscript seems to throw some light on the tradition. Speaking of Walter Multon, the eighteenth abbot, the writer says :—“ Under the year U43 he died, but in what manner, or by what death, I know not. He hath no obit, as the other abbots have, and the place of his burial hath not been found.” This seems to point to the fate of Walter Multon, who, in all probability, expiated iiis unrecorded crime by suffering that dire punishment which we have reason to believe the monastic tribunals of the Middle Ages occasionally inflicted on thrir erring brethren. A case similar to the above was discovered at Temple Bruer 22 THORNTON ABBEY.

some time ago, and Gross,in his “Antiqui¬ ties of Scotland,” gives an account of a Nun thus immersed, whose shoes were preserved by the minister of the parish of Coldingham, where the skeleton was dis¬ covered.

The Gate-house is allowed by antiqua¬ rians to be one of the finest existing in , and presents some remarkable features. It is of the perpendicular style, and many of its details are extremely beautiful. The entrance on the west side is over a bridge across a moat, with fortifi¬ cations on either side, built of brick, with an arcade of arches on the inside, and a round tower at the end of each. These were evidently built for defence, and are later than the Gate-house itself, according to some authorities, but the situation of the Abbey—so near to the mouth of the Humber—would render it necessary that some kind of protection were provided at the period of its foundation. The Gate¬ house is built partly of brick, cased with stone on the inside. The west face is partly brick, with stone dressings, the design being very rich and elegant. The entrance gateway is ornamented with three shafts in each of the jambs: its line pointed arch is richly moulded with flowers in one of the hollow mouldings. Over the top is a segmental arch, with hanging foliations. The west front is divided by four octagonal towers in three compart¬ ments. In thecentrearethreeelegantniches, with canopies and a profusion of detail. The figures remain in them. In the other compartments are niches. One figure alone remains. The archway is groined, and has fine sculptured bosses, and mould ribs springing from good corbels, which are panneled in the lower part, the THORNTON ABBEY. 23

upper arts being ornamented with foliage. The whole of the mouldings of thisgateway are remarkably bold, and are good Early Perpendicular work. The inner face of the gateway is of a plainer character. It has also four octagonal towers. Over the gateway is a tine Oriel window of bold projection, springing from a sculptured corbel with a stone roof, and there have been turrets and pinnacles at the angles The lights are divided by transoms. Above this is another window of four lights with a flattened arch. Over the gateway is a large room, approached by a winding staircase in one of the turrets. The roof is groined ; it is lighted by the Oriel window. From its large size and the rooms connected with it, it is supposed that this was the residence of the Abbot. Across the lield near the Lodge are the remains of the Chapter House, two sides of which are tolerably perfect, it is ornamented with panneling in imitation of a window of three lights, with foliated circles in the head and an arcade under it. The mouldings are very beautiful,and thewholegood Early English work. (Some portions of (lie church also remain—the bases of some of the pillars and one aisle of a transept. This has its vault and arcades on each side of very singular Early English work, with cor¬ bels in the place of capitals. There is one window—or, rather, panel—of three divi¬ sions, with three foliated circles in the head, filled up with a sort of fleur-de-lis-. Under this is an Early English Piscina. Some of the other domestic buildings of the Abbey remain in a more or less ruinous state. They are of the Thirteenth Century, and retain all the marks of excellent workmanship. 24 THORNTON ABBEY.

In the area of the church of the Abbey are the broken tombstones of some of the abbots. Probably many of the neighbouring gentry and those who had made gifts to the Abbey were buried here. One testemantery burial is recorded in Bishop Buckingham’s Register at Lin¬ coln. It is that of Beatrix Hanlay, and was proved at Iliby in tlm presence of the Abbot of Thornton in 1389. The abstract is as follows :— To be buried in Thornton Abbey Church. O. S. to distribute for my soul on the day of my burial. XX marcs and a silver cup to Thornton Abbey for masses, and xxx li. of silver to six priests to celebrate for a year. Fabricks of Riby, Alesbv, and Relying Churches1 6s sd each. To the Nuns of Cotarn x marcs. s. d. Augustine Friars of Gryemsby. 13 4 Friars’minors of same . 13 4 White Friars of Hull . 13 4 Friar preache's of York. 13 4 Each of the orders to have a book that they may enjoin all their houses to celebrate for my soul. To Thomas de Jlissenden and his wife Johan, my daughter, all my silver vessels, except those be¬ queathed— (Then follows various bequests to servants and others.) Executors—'Thos. de Messenden, Thos. del Chumbure, and Bichard Chaumberlyn. Supervisor—The Abbot of Thornton. WIN TEUTON.

About eight miles west by south of Barton is Winterton—a place of consider¬ able antiquity. From the Homan remains which have been discovered there it must have been of some importance during the occupation of this country by that people. It is situated to the west of the old Homan road (the “Ermine-street,” from Lincoln to the Humber), and at about two miles from the old Roman ferry, where was the station “Ad abum.” From the antiquities discovered here and elsewhere in this neighbourhood, indeed, it seems almost certain that this part of Lincolnshire was a district where many rich Homans elected to live, or were stationed, and where many beautiful Homan villas were built. No less than five tesselated pavements have been dis¬ covered in this neighbourhood, with quan¬ tities of Homan coins, fragments of pottery, and other relics of that period. The tesselated pavements, according to the description given by the late Mr Fow¬ ler, of Winterton, are supposed to have been the floors of the chief General’s” tent,” called the Prsetorium, and those of some other officers of high rank in the Roman army, for the Homans carried with them mechanics and “ tessarce,” with their mili¬ tary impedimenta for the purpose of con structing these pavements. In the centre of the Chief General’s floor at Winterton (which being thirty feet in length and nineteen broad, is supposed to have been a dining-room), Orpheus is represented play-

D 2fi WINTERTOX.

ing on his liarp, surrounded by different animals, and in the four corners are cups or wine vessels. In the middle ot the second pavement is Ceres, holding in her right hand some ears of corn ; in the third a stag running—symbolising mirth and plenty. A beautiful set of plates, repre¬ senting these remains, was published by the late Mr Fowler. The name of this place is evidently of Saxon origin, and may have been derived from the fact of that people having “ wintered ” here on various occasions during their visits to this country. We have in our history, accounts of the Danes frequently ravaging this part of the country—destroying the inhabitants, in¬ discriminately butchering men, women, and children, and pillaging the whole of their effects. This seems to have continued from about 797 to the period of the Norman Conquest. The following owners of Winterton are mentioned in the Doomsday Survey :— Earl Edwin, who had “4 Carucates, with nine Sokemen and one Birdar, with 5 oxen”; Henry de Feirieras, “two oxgangs of land to be taxed land to 2 oxen, it is inland and it is waste”; Fucheri, “12 oxgangs of land to be taxed land to 12 oxen”; Norman “ has there two ploughs and one sokeman with 2 oxgangs of this land, and ten villanes with one plough, value in King Edward’s time four pounds now three, tallaged at twenty shillings.”

At the Conquest, this manor was given by the King to Norman de Arcy as a reward for his services in the wars. He was succeeded by his son llobert de ArSy, who is said to have founded a priory at WINTEUTON. 27

Nocton for black canons, and endowed it with £50 per annum. He, in turn, was followed by bis son Thomas, who gave additional gifts to the priory. His son Thomas, who married the daughter of Sir William de Percy, succeeded him. He died about the year 1196, and was succeeded by Norman d’ArSy, who took uparms against his King, by which he lost his large pos¬ sessions in Winterton and other places. They were given to Peter de Warren, but afterwards restored to D’ArSy. His son Philip distinguished himself in the French wars in the reign of Henry III. He died in 1264, and was succeeded by Norman, the third of that name He, in his old age, gave the tithes and church of Winterton to the Priory and Convent of Malton ; lie died in 1296 in the reign of Edward I. Philip (his son), like his great grandfather, took uj) arms against his sovereign, and his lands were seized. Put Philip, by pro¬ fessing great humility, and prostrating himself at the foot of the throne, obtained pardon, and his estates were restored at iiis death. His son Norman took posses¬ sion ; but he, as his father had done, rebelled against the king, and his estates were seized, and given over to Sir John Landham, knight. Nor¬ man d’ArSy, however, had the estate restored to him ; but he went to the wars in Flanders, and died there (in 1340), leav¬ ing no heir. The manor passed to lus uncle, John d’ArSy. This baron was of great note, and, in his time, served as high sheriff for the counties of Notting¬ ham,Derby, Lancaster, and York. He had a residence at fenaith, in Lincolnshire ; he died in 1347. 11 is successor, Sir John de ArSy, in the year 1347, fought at the batele of Cressy. 28 WINTERTON.

How or in what way the manor passed from the D’Arcys I am not able to say, and I do not know whether they possessed a castle here or not. There seems to be no evidence extant. However, no one owner has had the entire estate since that time. In the reign of Henry V a family of the name of Sleights lived here—one whom, by his will, dated the 12th of May, 1420, “Bequeathed his soul to God, the Virgin Mary, and all saints,” and desired his body to be buried in the Church of All Saints’, giving 3s 4d to the fabric of the same, to the high altar 8d, to the Cathedral of Lin¬ coln 2s, to the church at Beverley Is, and to every priest who should be at his funeral Gd. About the year 1500, a family named Rudd lived here, one of whom was a merchant of the staple of Calais, and at a later period the family of Place. Many of their names occur in the parish register, which commences in 1558. I give a few extracts :— 1599, The 25 of December was- Place buiied. 1801, December the 7th daye was Henry Place buried. 1014, William Place, S 'ptember the 5, buried. 1624, Thomas Place was buried December 23rd. 1683, Mrs Mary Place, widow, was buried August ye tenth. 1691, Thomas Place, Gent., was buried, July ye 23rd. 1703, Mrs IJinis Place was buried, April the sixth. 17:0, 'Thomas Place, Gent., was buried July the Eigh¬ teenth. This last entry probably refers to the Mr Thomas Place spoken of by De La Pryme in his History of Winterton, pub¬ lished by Mr Peacock. In\ol. xl. of the “Arclueologia” lie alluded to the miser¬ able condition of (lie church of that parish after the civil wars, when so many similar structures suffered. Of this church he says :—“Through ye same it is in such a state of decay that, for many years after ye Restoration, there was scarce either a bit of glass in ye windows or of lead upon WINTERTOX. 29

ye roof, or any good tirabera bout it. It lay almost open to all storms, so that, if either rain or snow fell, ye congregation were sure to suffer thereby. Thus it con¬ tinued, until that Mr Thomas Place, a worthy gentleman of ye same town, and general promoter of everything that is great and good, began to commisserate its sorrowfull condition and repair ye same—which he so effectually promoted and performed, that, in a few years, all its breaches and crannies were mended ; its roof, most of it covered with new timber and lead ; its windows new glazed ; its floors new laid ; its old seats turned into oak pews; its walls beautified ; its bells new cast ; and its yards made level. And most of this at his own proper cost and charges, so that it is now one of ye most beautiful churches in ye country.” This church, which is cledi* cated to All Saints, was again thoroughly repaired in 1836. Itconsists of nave, chancel, north and south aisles, north and south transepts, a south porch and tower at the west end within the plan of the church. It is of considerable size, thejength of the nave being 54 feet by 48, including the aisles, the chancel 48 feet by 18. The nave is separated from the aisles by three bays on each side—the arches pointed and rest¬ ing on octagonal columns. The tower aich is semicircular, the lower part of the tower being Norman, and the rest of the fabric of the Early English period. The east window is of three lights ; the others in the chancel are of the lancet form—one on the south side being now tilled with stained glass to the memory of “ Joseph B. Ostler, for 46 years surgeon in the parish, born 1800, died 1879,” the subject is theGoodSamaritan. Thenaveisseated with open seats. In the floor of the chancel are brasses to the memory of the two wives of 30 WINTERTON.

Jolm Iludd, merchant of the staple of Calais, circa 1504. They are considerably worn, and part of the Latin inscription is gone. In the soutli wall of the chancel is a coat-of-arms in bold relief, with the inscription :—

“ Insignia Peter Gerynge, 1590." Beneath a stained-glass window is this in¬ scription : —

“This window was designed and given by Joseph Fowler, A. I). 187 •, in memory of liis grand-parents, Joseph and Mary, bis parents William and Rebecca, his "ifo Elizabeth. and his son John, all of whom are buried in this church.” Beneath another window, with the motto, “ 1 am the resurrection and the life,” the following : —

“ In memory of Elizabeth Fowler, Mary Fowler, and their faithful servant, Jane King, 1874.” Amongst the mural monuments are : —

" To the memory of John Green, of this parish, gent.; and >arah, his wife. The former died Deer. IS, 173(3, aged 15, the latter Septr. 2nd 1780, aged 70." “ To the memory of Thomas Gelley, gent., died Nov. 29, 1702, aged 40 years; also of Ann, his wife, afterwards tile wife of Jolm l.awerenee, of Itoxby, gent., died Jany. li til. 1782, aged 44 years.” “In memory of the Rev John Gilby, LE.B , Rector of Barmston, in the County of Y ork, and of Ann, his wife. In the steeple are five bells, the inscriptions as follows :— (t) [Inscription all chipped off). (2) “ Ex dono—Thomas Place, gent. (3) Daniel Hedderley made ys all in 1734. (4) Richard Studley (vie.), Roger Tarver, William Martin (CW), 1734. (5) Gloria deo in Excelsis. George Stovin, Esq., 1734.” In 1553 there were here four great belis and onesanctusbell; in 155G the churchwardens reported that the “Sacringe” bell, which belonged to this church in Queen Mary’s WINTERTON. 31

time had been defacicl {vide Peacock’s “Church Furniture”). Mr North tells us that the first bell has every appearance of having been cast at the same time as the rest. It is said that they were cast in the Castle garth near the church, and that there were previously six bells but that there was not enough money to make a new ring of six. There was formerly an old Inn on the south side of the church called “ The Six Bells,” and, at the latter part of the last century, it was kept by Isaiah Sowersby, who used to give the ringers ale to ring the bells “ Stock Height,” which he was very fond of hearing. This mode of ringing was long called “Old Isaiah’s Peal.”

De la Pryme mentions the following- tradition in connection with tne Lacys, an old Winterton family, whose names fre¬ quently occur in the parish register :— “There was formerly one Mr Lacy that lived there, and was a very rich man, who, being grown very aged, gave all that he had away to his three sons, upon condition that one should keep him one week and another another. But it happened, within a little while, that they were all weary of him, after that they got what he had ; and they regarded him no more than a dog. The old man, perceiving how he was slighted, went to an attorney to see if his skill could not afford him any help in his troubles. The attorney told him that no law in the land could help him, nor yield him any comfort. But there was one thing only which would certainly do so, the which, if he would perform, he would reveal to him—at which, the poor old man was exceedingly glad, and desired him, for God’s sake, to reveal the same, for he was almost pined and starved to death, and he 32 WINTERTON.

would most willingly do it rather than live as he did. ‘Well,’says the lawyer,‘You have been a great friend of mine in my need, and I will now be one to you in your need. I will lend you a strong box with a strong lock on it, in which shall be contained a £1,000. You shall, on such a day, pretend to have fetched it out of such a’close, where it shall be supposed that you hid, and shall carry it into one of your son’s houses ; and make it your business every week, while you are sojourning with such or such a son, to be always counting of the money, and rattling it about ; and you shall see that, for the love of it, they will soon love you again, and make very much of you, and maintain you joyfully and plentifully unto your dying day.’ The old man having thanked the lawyer for his good advice and kind proffer, received in a few days, the box full of money, and, having so managed it as above, his sons fell in love with him again, and made much of him. And he, perceiving that their love to him continued firm, one day took the box back to the lawyer, thanking him exceedingly for the loan thereof—making his sons believe he had hid it again, and that he would give it to that son he loved best when he died. This made them all so observant of him that he lived the rest of his days in peace and plenty among them, and died full of years. But, a short time before he died, he upbraided them for their former ingratitude, told them the whole history of the box, and forgave them.” BIG BY. Situated at the foot of the Wolds, on Ihe western side, about four miles from Brigg, and about two from Barnetby liailway Station, the surroundings of Bigby are of a picturesque character. Behind the village the ground slopes upward to the Wold district, while immediately in front is the rich valley of the. Ancholme. The parish is extensive, containing about 3,340 acres of land, including part of Brigg and the hamlet of Kettleby. The principal portion of the land belongs totheElwes family, but part is owned by the Maws, Metcalfes, and others. The rectory was valued in King’s Book at £13 10s 6d, and is now worth £708, in the incumbency of the Rev T. Field, B.D. The National School, built in 1871, has accommodation for 50 children, according to the require¬ ments of the Education Act. The poor have two yearly rent charges of £l 4s, left by Mathew Maw and William Taylor. The place is of considerable antiquity. A church was in existence before the Con¬ quest, as appears from the survey. Manor Becliebi (Bigby), AldeneTone had one carucate of land to be taxed, land to two ploughs. Rannulph, a vassal of the Bishop’s, has there one plough and a half, and eleven villanes, and one Sokeman, with one plough and a haif. There is a priest and a church. Value in King Edward’s time fifty shillings, now forty shillings, tallaged at ten shillings. The church is dedicated to All Saints, and evidently occupies the site of an earlier structure. Some parts of the present church probably date back to the time of Stephen, and the sculptured blocks under the battlements of the tower appear to be

E 34 BIGBY.

of Norman design. The fabric consists of nave, chancel, south aisle, a (narrow north aisle, tower, and a modern porch of wood. The nave is separated from the aisles by three bays. On each side the pointed arches resting on octagonal columns. The tower arch is Early English, and in the west face of the tower is a window of two lights. The south aisle is lighted by two square-headed windows, and a west window pointed of two lights. At the east end of the aisle is a pointed window of two lights, tilled with stained glass, the subject being Joseph of Arimathea. Beneath are two brass plates, containing inscriptions— one to the memory of Mathew Maw, of Brigg, who died November 12th, 1810, aged 70 years ; the other to Mathew Maw, who died at Cletham, April 18th, 1880, aged 87 years. The north aisle has been considerably reduced. It is modern, being rebuilt in 1780, and is lighted by three lancet windows. At the west end of the aisle is a curious old font of the transition period. On the pedestal is the following inscription : “ Restored to the Church of (his parish by the late Mrs Sarah Beacock. T. F., Rector, Deer. 10th, 1878.” In the south aisle is a piscina, and there is a three-seat sedilia in the chancel The church is seated with open stalls of pine, the floor is paved with Minton tiles, and near the door is a modern font of marble of a chaste design. The parish register com¬ mences in 1697, but contains little of interest to the antiquary.

In the chancel are some fine monuments and brasses, among which are the follow¬ ing :—On the floor, at the south side of the chancel, a fine brass, in an excellent state of preservation. It is of a lady, with peditnental-shaped head-dress ; circa 1500.

Hw hjdlt Into fht wife of TOltn J^jurwitb Squire $on & fccp? to $. fottn ^fcyimritft of (fttmeftiij in tlte $ovnte of linroln §toygfct & dagltter unto TOtrn ©grurtttjt of §:ettylfoy iu tfto fume $o llnyght

BRASS.—Church. BIGBY. 35

Tlie inscription is as follows:—“Herelyetli Elizabeth Skypwytli, late the wyf of Willin Skypwytli, Esquire, son and lieyre of Sr John Skypwytli, of Ormesby, in the counte of Lincoln, Knyglit, and daught unto William Tyrwhyt, of Ketlylby, in the same counte, Knygt.” On the wall above the last, on a mural brass, on which is engraved a man and his wife, with two sons and five daughters, beneath, this inscription :—“ Uere lieth ye body of Edward Nayler, a faithfvil and painefvil minister of Cod's word, and sometime rector of this church, who after 10 years godiy and learned labovrs, in ye 25 daie of May, 1G32, changed this miserable mor- talitie into Blessed ^Eternitie.” (The figures on this brass are interesting examples of the costume of the period.)

On a mural brass near the foregoing : Near this place lyeth ye body of ye llevM. John Lee, Recto:- of Bigby and , 41 years, son of Dr Lee, Rector of Halfleld, Hertfordsh. He died October 3rd, 1730, in ye 67 year of his age. Another, with Latin inscription, to the memory of William Cary: “ Obit 1790 JEt 70.” On the floor a large sculptured effigy of a female, supposed to be a member of the Skypwith family. The inscription is in Saxon characters, with the date 1156. (The rector thinks this a portion of a larger monument.) On the North side of the chancel is a fine altar tomb of alabaster, on the top of which are the figures of Sir Robert 'l'ir- whit and his lady, and at the base are the sculptured figures of their family, which consist of eight sons and nine daughters ; while live others are wrapped in shrouds and coffined to signify these died in in- 36 BIGBY.

fancy ; the figures are in kneeling attitude with hands clasped. They are placed on the front side, and at botli ends of the monument, above them round the dado a e the following lines :— Blessed art thov that fearest God And walkest in his way For of thy labovr thoushalt eate Happy art thov I say. Like frvtvle vines on thy Hovse side So doth thy wife s ring ovt Thy children stand like olive plants Thy table rovnd abovt Thov sha.lt thy children’s children see To thy gieat joys increase And likewise grace to Isreal, Prosperitie and peace. (There is another verse, the reading of which is defaced.) Beneath a rich canopy between two pillars in the centre over the monument is the following inscription :— Hie jacet Itobertns Tirwhit, de Kettlebi Miles, quo obit 13, die Novembris Ao oni, 1581, ac. Eliain Eliza- betlia uxun Eine qvis obit-die- Vigilate et orate Qvia Nescitis is deem Negve Horarn A It At the west end of the chancel on the north wall is a monument of alabaster and coloured marbles, which has at some time been richly decorated with gold and colours, but unfortunately it has been much mutilated. On cushions kneel the figures of a knight and his lady—the knight is clad in armour, and the dress of the lady is of a rich and beautiful charac¬ ter. Behind the figures are two helmets. Connected with this memorial is the fol¬ lowing historical account, communicated by the rector, the llev. T. Field :— It appears this is the monument of one of the Tyrwhits, who married a daughter of the Earl of Rutland, who had a mansion BIGBY. 37

at the neighbouring village of Melton Ross, and had the title of Baron Ross. Young Tyrwlntt was a page, and the young lady, Bridget Manners, a lady in altendat.ee at the Court of Queen Elizabeth. Falling in love with each other, they made a run¬ away match, to the Queen’s great anger. Bhe died young. On the monument he be¬ moans in Latin—in rather poor verse and nietere—the loss of his “turtle dove.” In the floor of the south aisle in an in¬ cised slab, with the figure of a lady with a greyhound at her feet. Around the edge is a defaced inscription, nothing but the name of Skypwith being decipherable. It is probably of the 14th century. On the walls of the church are many marble tablets, among which are t he following :— In the north aisle ; One to the memory of John Walker, who died__Jan. 13, 1856, aged 34 years. Another is as follows :— Sacred to the memory of George Percy Barnard, Lieutenant of Her Majesty’s 34 Regiment. Third son of the Rev C. Jas. Barnard, and Caroline, his wife, Who dieil at Bigby, June 13, 1854, In the 24th year of his age. Sacred To the Memory of Dudley Thomas Barnard, Lieut, of the 52nd Regiment of Madras Native Infantry, Second son of the Rev C. Jas. Barnard, and Caroline, his wife, Who died at Bigby, July 17 th, 1S55. In the 27th year of his age. Sacred to the Memory of Louisa Charlotte Barnard, eldest daughter of the Rev C. J Barnard and Caroline, his wife, who died at Bigby October 19th, 1855, in the 26th year of her age. 38 BIGBY.

Iii the south aisle : — Sacred to the memory of Anna Maria, Widow of sir Griffith Boynton, 7th Baronet, and of the ltevCharles Drake Barnard, Some time Rector of this parish, near whose remains hers are buried. She died 17th March, 1S53, aged 89 years. There are three bells in the tower in¬ scribed as follows :—-1st, W.S., 1680; 2nd, W.S. 1680 ; 3rd, God save his clivrch, 1609. The hamlet of Kettleby is in the parish of Bigby. Tradition says here a Danish captain under Canute, called Kettle, once resided. It was afterwards the property of the Skypwiths, and then the residence of the Tyrwhits, a family noted in the county of Lincoln for several generations. The foundations and moat which once sur¬ rounded their mansion are yet visible. Here Sir Robert Tyrwhitt entertained Henry VIII. and Queen Catherine for two days on their journey through Lincoln¬ shire m 1541. A century and a half later Abraham de la Pryme, in his journal, speaks of this place, and says Kettleby Hall had been a tine place, but adds, they are now pulling it down. Here is a traditional anecdote connected with this family, which is thus related in Allen’s “ History of Lincolnshire,” namely, the feud that existed between them and the family of Itofs, of Melton Itofs. The spirit of rivalry was carried to such a pitch by their vassals, that, on the two parties meeting on an hunting excursion, they proceeded to blows, and many were killed on both sides. It goes on further to say that King James L, being soon afterwards in Lincolnshire, ordered a gallows to be erected on the spot where the fight occurred, and caused it to be enacted that in future any person slain in BIGBY. 39

an encounter of this kind should be deemed murdered, and the perpetrator of the crime hanged. But in reality this quarrel took place, some 200 years before the time of King James, and the gallows is said by Camden to be kept up by the Earls of Rutland, without any mention of James ; and again, at the very period of James J., the families were related, for the then possessor of Kettleby, Robert Tyrwhitt, was the hus¬ band of Lady Bridget Manners, whose monument we have already alluded to in Bigby Church. According to an article in the “ Arclneo- logical Journal” for 1848, entitled “Feuds of Old Lincolnshire Families,” it arose as follows:—“In the year 1411 (13th Henry IV.), Sir Robert Tyrwhitt (a justice of the King’s Bench, let it be observed) seized and laid waste, with a retinue of five hundred followers, the manor of Melton Ross, belonging to Lord William Ross. It is probable that Lord Ross, having much larger possessions elsewhere, was not resident at Melton, whereas Kettleby, was the chief seat of the Tyrwhitts, which may account for the superiority of force brought by the latter family. Eventually Sir Robert was forced to confess his fault before Henry IV., and to agree to the award made by the Archishop of Canter¬ bury and Lord Gray (Chamberlain to the King). The conclusion of the decree is very characteristic of the times. It was enjoined to the said Sir Robert Tyrwhitt that at a day certaine he should prepare at Melton Ross 2 Tunnes of Gascoygne Wine, 2 fatt oxen, 120 fattshepe, and other preparation tit therefor, and that he should bring thither al Knightes, Esquires, and yeomen that were of his crew, when 40 BIGBY.

they should all confess their faults to ye Lord Ross, and crave pardon, and further offer to ye Lord Ross 500 marks in recompense, and ye Lord Ross should refuse ye money, grant them pardon, and take ye dinner only.’ Thus both judgment and pardon are made to appear as proceeding not from the arbi¬ trator but from the complainant.” This gallows was renewed by Earl Yarborough in about 1830. THORNTON CURTIS. This village is pleasantly situated about four miles from Barton, and about one- and-a-half miles from Thornton Abbey Station. It is a small place, and contains little of interest with the exception of the parish church. It is mentioned in Dooms¬ day, being there spelt “ Torentun.’ In Torentun “Gumbold ” had “ 2 oxgangs of land to be taxed, land to 6 oxen. Roger of Poicton has there one plough and one villane, value in King Edward’s time ten shillings, now five.” No mention is made in the record of a church ; but, in all probability, one was in existence in Saxon times. The font in the present one is unquestionably of Saxon workmanship,and some partsof the building are, if not Saxon, very early Norman. The fabric (dedicated to St. Lawrence) consists of a nave, north and south aisles, chancel, tower, and south porch. The interior is spacious, the length of the nave being 70 feet, by 54 feet wide, including the aisles ; the chancel, 42 feet long by 22 feet wide. The nave is separated from the aisles by four pointed arches resting on beautiful clustered columns on the south side. On the north side the columns are circular with floreated capitals, ornamented with the dog-tooth ornament. The chancel is Early English, and contains a curious circular headed doorway on the north side, and in the south wall a Norman piscina. It is lighted by five lancet windows ; the east one is of three lights. Beneath it are the reredos and altar, with its beautiful cloth of the date of 1660. There is also an

F 42 THORNTON CURTIS.

alms box of the same date. The pulpit is of oak, and is of the XVII. Century. The chancel screen, however, was renewed at the time of the restoration of the church aboutfiveyearsago,and wasdesigned by Mr J. Fowler, architect, of Louth, who had the supervision of the restoration, the sum ex¬ pended being about £3,000. Under the wall in the north aisle are three arched recesses, which have probablyat sometimecontained ironumental effigies or tombs. There is also a piscina in the wall of the south aisle at the east end, which has probably been a chantry chapel. The church is paved with Minton tiles and seated with open pine seats, and both nave and chancel are open to the pine roof. Altogether, the church is one of the most beautiful in . The most interesting object in it is un¬ doubtedly the tine old baptismal font, a splendid relic of antiquity, in which the rite has been celebrated for at least a thousand years. It is of basalt. Square at the top, and resting on a circular column, with a pillar at each corner, it is decorated with curious sculptures of wiverns and other “fearful creatures.” The church contains several monuments. Un the south wall of the nave, at the west end, is a fine marble one to the memory of “William Skinner, Esq.” It consists of a half-length effigy, beautifully executed. Beneath is the following inscription :—

Here lyeth the body of William Skinner, Esquire, the only son of Sir Vincent Skinner, Kt., a gentleman rarely adorned with especial gifts and endowments of mind and singular ornaments of body. He married Bridget, ye daughter of Sir Edward Coke, Knight, by his first wife, who was ye daughter of John Paston, Esq., and had by her 7 children—3 sons: Edward, William, and Syriack (Born after his Father’s death); and 4 daughters : Bridget, Elizabeth, Anne, and Theo- palia, all yet living but Anne, who died before her Father. He was a most affectionate Husband,

'V

SAXON FONT Thornton Curtis. THORNTON CURTIS. 43

a most obedient son, to his yet surviving mother, a most Excellent Father to his yet hopeful! posterity; forward to do good to all and most certeus. He de¬ ceased ye 7th of Augt., 1626, of his age 32, currant, whose early loss is truly lamented by all yt knew him, but most of all by his said wife who is yet comforted in full hope and assurance, yt living so piously and dying so religiously, now reigns most gloriously a blessed saint. To whose blessed memory she hath dedicated this monument—too, too little to express either his deserts or her affection. Let others’ tombes which ye glad heir bestows, Write Gold in marble, grief affects no showes ; There's a true heart entombed here, and that bears A silent, sad epitaph, writ in tears. On the floor near the above monument is a sepulchral stone. The upper portion contains the half length efligy in bold relief of a female, the hands clasped in prayer. The inscription, however, is worn entirely away. One of the old pews before the restoration bore the following inscrip¬ tion :— In ye yer yat all ye stalles in thys chyrch was mayd, Thomas Kirkbye, Jhon Skrebyn, Hew Roston, Jhon Smyth, Kyrkmasters in ye yeare of our Lorde God MCCCCCXXXII. On the wall of the north aisle a marble mural monument:— Sacred to the Memory of John Swale Esq of Croom in the County of York who died the 16 Deer. 1803 aged 66 years and of Jane his wife who died 23 May 1844 aged 95 years and are buried in this church Here is another :— In the vault Beneath rest the remains of John Chapman who died April 20th 1846 aged 70 years also Sarah relict of the above who died Octr 28 1857 aged 85 years At the west end of the nave are memorials to members of the family of Taylor, of Burnham. The church registers 44 THORNTON CURTIS. t I !-—- j contain little of importance beyond the usual entries of baptisms, marriages, and burials. The date of the earliest is 1568. In the year 1593 there was a terrible mortality, no less than 122 burials being registered, 90 of them in July, August, and September. In the years 1678 and 1889 the words “in wollen” are entered against most of the burials. In the steeple are four bells, with the following inscriptions :— 1. (-) 2. Venite Exvltemvs Domino, 1686. 3. O Devs Absqve Pare Fac Nos Tibi, Dylce Sonare., 1592. 4. The praise of God I sing and triumph of the ring. The marriage joys 1 tell, and sounds the dead man s knell. J. Ludlam Rotheram, founder, 1761. Mr North, in his “Church Bells,” lias made a note on the inscription of the third bell. “The very excellent motto on the third,” he says, “has, I believe, not been met with elsewhere.” The transla¬ tion is : “ O God, without an equal, make us to sound sweetly to thee.” KEELBY. At the time of the Doomsday survey the Manor of Keelby was in the hands of several owners. The following are men¬ tioned :—Land of ihe King-In Chelebi (Keelby) tifteen oxgangs of land to be taxed. There are thirteen sokemen, and three borders having two ploughs.—Land of the Archbishop of York—In Chelebi Elaf had four oxgangs and a-nalf of land to be taxed, land to one plough and one ox. William, a vassal of the Archbishop’s, has there half a plough and two sokemen, and two bordars and halt a mill of three shillings and fourpenee. Value in King Edward’s time, ten shillings ; the same now.—Land ot the Bishop of Baiex— In Chelebi ttegar had four oxgangs of land, and a half, to be taxed. Land to nine oxen. Hadard, a vassal of the Bishop’s, has there one plough and two villanes, and three sokemen, with two draft oxen. Value in King Edward’s time, thirty shillings ; the same now.— Land of the Bishop of Lincoln—In Chelebi Aldene had five ox¬ gangs of land, and the third part of an oxgang to be taxed. Land to eleven oxen. Kanulf, a vassal of the Bishop’s has there one plough, and four villanes and one bordar, with two oxen and one mill of three shillings and eight pence, and six acres of meadow. Value in King Edward’s time thirty shillings, the same now tallaged at ten shillings.—Land of Iro Talbois—In Chelebi Alwinhad two ox¬ gangs of land to be taxed. Land to four oxen. Nigel, a vassal of Iro’s, has there half a plough and two villanes and one 46 KEELBY.

bordar ploughing with one ox. There is the site of a mill and twenty-seven acres of meadow. Value in King Edward’s time ten shillings, now twenty.—Land of Drogo—In (Jlielbi rel Cotes lloif had one casticate of land to be taxed ; land to three ploughs. Robert, a vassal of Drogo, lias there one plough and ten villanes and one bordar with two ploughs, and one salt pit of twelve pence and forty acres of meadow. Value in King Edward’s time forty shillings, now thirty, tallaged at ten shillings.—Land of Norman de Adrec’s—In Chelebi Grimchel had five oxgangs of land and the third part of one oxgang to be taxed. Land to ten oxen and a half. Goisfrid, a vassal of Norman’s, lias there one plough, and four villanes and two bordars, with two oxen in a plough. Value in King Edward’s time forty shillings ; the same now.— Land of Waldin—In Chelebi Eiric had three oxgangs of land and the third part of one oxgang to be taxed. Land to six oxen and a half. William, a vassal of Waldin, has there one ox in a plough, and one sakeman, with two lofts and two bordars and fourteen acres of meadow. Value in King Edward’s time ten shillings ; the same now. At what period the manor came into the possession of the Souths we are unable to say, but probably at an early period. Their mansion is yet to be seen, a short distance to the east of the church, with the remains of an ancient manorial chapel attached. It is built of a very fine quality of chalk- stone, the walls in the interior having the appearance of marble. At the end is a window with stone mullions, and inside a large fire-place, with the remains of a chimney, near which is a recess in the wall, probably an aumbry. The gable is sur-

I KEELBY. 47

mounted with the remains of an ancient cross. The manorial estates were the pro¬ perty of the late Dr Prettyman Tomline, Bishop of Winchester, who resided at the neighbouring village of Riby. The parish contains about 1,860 acres of land, and is principally the property of the Earl of Yarborough and Mr George Tomline. The Earl of Yarborough is the patron of the vicarage.

The church is dedicated to St. Bartholo¬ mew, and consists of nave, chancel, lofty tower, and north porch. The tower is built of sandstone, containing fossil shells, etc., and portions of the buttresses are worn away, giving it a venerable appear¬ ance. It is probably about the date of the 14th century. There has formerly been a south aisle. The bays are yet discernible in the wall of the nave. The chancel is lighted at the east end by a pointed window of three lights, and two windows on each side of a debased character. The windows in the nave are of a like character. In the west face of the tower, in the lower stage, is a perpendicular window of three lights. The belfry stage has a pointed window in each face of two lights. Under the tower is a beautiful octagonal font, of the early perpendicular period, with line mouldings. The nave is seated with chairs. The dimensions of the church are :—Nave, 45 feet long by 22 feet wide ; chancel, 32 feet by 17 feet. In the chancel a stone certifies this church was newly erected in 1830. There sre three bells in the tower, which bear the following inscription :—

1st Bell—God Save the King, 1688.

2nd Bell—No inscription, but the date, 1628.

3rd Bell—Pravse ye tiie Lord, 1604. 48 KEELBY.

The church contains a few monuments, notably one in the north wall of the nave, in a circle of alabaster ornament, the half- length effigy in white marble of Alice South. The hands are clasped in prayer, and the face is extremely well sculptured. Round the neck is a ruffle, and the head is covered with a cloak. Above have been the family arms. On a mural brass is the following Latin inscription, thus translated by a late resident village churchwarden.

So here lies Alice South, when after3 times 20 winters her long life conies to an end. Although wooed in the flowers of youth by a host of noblemen, she hid herself 14 years in widowed bed chamber, and loving her off¬ spring and hating fresh marriages, gave up her wealth entire, whilst yet alive she gave them her wealth, except what truss and the pitiful cowl wandering through her bountiful gate had exhausted. Happy offspring to whom if she had not left her wealth that she did there would have been so many misfortunes so many sorrows. She said when dying : Let my husband have and keep me in his tomb. She died May the 3rd, A.D. 1605. She left to the poor of Keelby 10 acres of land at East Halton, to which the above refers. Near the foregoing is a mural brass to the memory of her husband :—

Here lyeth ye bodije of Iohn Sovth. of Kealbye, gent., second sonne to George Sovth, of Croxton, gent., wch Iohn had to wyfe Alice Tewidale, dvghter to Thomas Tewidale, of Ludborvhe, gent., by whom he had six sons, viz., Francis, Iohn, Edward, Richard, George, and Thomas, and six davghters, viz., Grace, Anne, Marye, Hieronima, Johanne, and Jeane, who dyed ye xviith daye of April, Anno. Pri., 1591, commending his bodye to ye earth, and his sovl to ye everlastinge joyes of Heaven. Above the last a mural monument of marble:— In Memoriam John Smith, of Keelby Manor, Born Aug. 11th, 1808; Died July 13th, 1875. KEELBY. 49

Also Mary, liis wife. Died Jan. 3rd, 18S5, Aged 73. On the north wall of the chancel : — To the memory of Win. Frear Holgate, of Iveelby Grange, Obit iSep. 12, 18(58, JEt. 03. A brass to memory of Elizabeth Holgate, died July 4th, 1874. Within the communion rails on a floor stone : — Hear lietli ye body of Mrs Eleanor Coats, mother of Mr Kpwoith, of this town, who dep this life Oct. ye noth, 1758, aged 89 years. The next is a remarkable specimen of plurality of Church preferment. Beneath this stone rest the remains of the Rev Chri¬ stopher Epworth, Rector of Croxton, Vicar of Halton, Killingholnie, llabour, and this place. He died April the 8th, 1792, in the 80th year of his age. In the floor of the nave are two large blue flag-stones, much defaced. They have contained brasses, which are now gone. In the old Lincoln wills, Bishop Long- land’s Register, is the following (ab¬ stract) : — Robert Foiman, of Keleby— 31 Aug. 1535 (fo. 202).— A dims te George Thomson and Anne his wife, daughter of deceased, contemplations Magisti i Johannis Mon.sonde Carlton, in Com Line Armigeri. Et com¬ mit tit ur potestas deferent! i jura eisdexn majistro Roberto Hole lectori de Mettylton, &c. The Vicar, the l!ev C. Smart, has kindly furnished me with the following from the registers, dating from the year 15G5. The following entries occur in that year and the year following :— Baptisms.—William Lyall, baptized 7th December, i5(jj ; Margaret Carter, 17th June. Marriages.—None. G 50 KEELBY.

Burials.—William Lyall, buried 2nd day of June, l 'if>6 ; Jane Page, buried 1st day of August, IS6\ Per Nicholas Catslii., curate; John H uhlan and William Gilbert, churchwardens. About a mile north of the village is tlie site of the nunnery of Gotham, or Cotton, founded in the 12 li century by Alan de Muncels. The site is now occupied by a farmhouse. The Vicar of Keelby informs me that he has got permission to examine the foundations, &c. It was pro¬ bably of some importance as one of the minor religious houses at the dissolution. Its value, according to Speed, was £'46 17s 7d. WINTERINGHAM.

“In Winteringeham Ulf had twelve carucates of land to be taxed. Land to as many ploughs. Robert, a vassal of Gilbert’s, lias theie four ploughs in the demesne and forty villanes, and five soke- men and ten bordars, with seven ploughs. There is a priest and a church, and three mills of thirty-seven shillings and four- pence, and one ferry of thirteen shillings, and the bed of a fishery. Value in King Edward’s time and now tfii pounds, tagllaed at forty shillings,” There is also the notice of the following claim with the award :—“ The jury of the Wapentake affirm that Erneis de Burun ought to have the land of Hugo in Winteringeham, that is six oxgangs of land and one toft in the soke of Gilbert de Gaud, and another toft with sac and soke.” This is probably the earliest record of this place extant, although from the in¬ vestigations of antiquaries, and from the discovery of ancient relics, there can be little doubt but that this was a Roman military station of considerable import¬ ance. The ancient site of the town was about three-quarters of a mile east of the present village, at the end of the Old Roman-road from the City of Lincoln, and from which the Roman legions ferried over to Brough, the ancient Petuaria, on the opposite bank of the Humber. Dr Stukeley visited the place in 1724, and in a letter written by him at 52 WINTER INGHAM.

Winteringham, and bearing the date 24th July, 1724, lie says : — This place is over against Brough, the Roman town on the Yorkshire slime, lint it i< rather more eistward so that with the tide coining in they ferried over very commodiousiy thither, and even now they are forced to take the tide. The present Wintringham is still a Corporation, and the Mayor is chosen only out of one street next the old town, where was a chapel. The bell of it now hangs in a wooden frame by the pillory, and makes a most ridiculous appearance. 1 am persuaded the old name of this station was Abontrus, the same as the name of the river, whence they have found the mimic Winteringh m Here is a vast jawbone or rib of a whale that has lain, time out of mind, like that at St. James’s. the church stands on the Lincolnshire Alps. Well may the Humber take its name from the noise it makes, for my landlord, who is a sailor, says in a high wind it is incredibly great and terrible, like the crash and dashing together of ships. We passed by the Spring at Old Winteringham and the marsh at the month of the Ankhom, and came to Ferriby Sluice, a stately bridge of three arches, but now broken down and lying in dismal ruins, by the negligence of the undertakers. Travellers are now obliged to pass the river in a paltry short boat, commanded by a little old deaf fellow with a long beard. Into this boat you descend by the steep of the river, through a deep miry clay, full of stones and stale s; nor is the ascent on the other side any better, being both difficult and dangerous. It is needless to say all this is, as far as the Sluice is concerned, a thing of the past; everything connected with the navigation of the Ancholme with its Sluice has the appearance of neatness and careful man¬ agement. But to return to Winteringham The road from the Sluice passes over the old Homan Camp, and here mmy relics of that people have been found. In the fields over which the footpath crosses, great quantities of fragments of Roman pottery may be found, and coins and other curiosities have been picked up. The acoount referred to in Doomsday shows that this manor was part of the ex¬ tensive possessions of Gilbert, or Gilbert de Gant, who was a nephew of William WINTERING HAM. 53

the Conqueror. He rebuilt the Abbey of Bardney, and endowed it with the tithes of all his estates and other possessions, and when he died he was buried there. His son Walter succeeded him, and con¬ firmed to the monastery all the gifts and privileges which his father had given them. At an early period, either by marriage or purchase or both, the Manor of Wintering- ham passed to the ancient family of Mar- mion. Dugdale, referring to an ancient record, tells us that Robert Lord Marmion, as early as 1166, held in Winteringham twelve knights’ fees by descent and three by purchase, and they finally became the owners of the whole of the* manor. John de Marmion, m the eleventh year of the reign of Edward II., ot tained a grant from the King for a weekly market to be held upon every Wednesday at his manor of Winteringham. At his death, the manor passed to the De Greys and afterwards to the Lords Fitzhugh, of Holderness, in whose possession it continued until the latter part of the 15th century, when it became the property of a family of the name of Newmarch. From them it seems to have passed to the Westobies and others. The present lord of the manor is Lord Carrington, who owns the greater part of the soil, the remainder belonging to various small freeholders. The Rectory is in the patronage of Emanuel College, Cambridge, and in the incumbency of the Rev C. Knowles, M.A. The village is pleasantly situated, on ground considerably elevated and looking down upon the Humber and across to the Yorkshire wolds. It consists principally of one long street. Many of the houses are well-built and commodious. The population is about 770 inhabitants. 54 WIXTERINGHAM.

The church is at the western end of the village, and is an interesting example of early English architecture. It is dedi¬ cated to All Saints, and consists of nave, chancel, north and south aisles, south transept, a south porch, and a good tower at the west end. The dimensions are :— Nave, 54ft. by 39ft. including the aisles; chancel, 39ft. by 18ft. The chancel is lighted by four lancet windows, and an east window of three lights, of the same early English type. In the south wall is a beautiful double piscina, and on the same side a small doorway. On the north side is a small vestry. The transept is lighted by three lancet windows, and a beautiful decorated window of three lights In the north aisle are also three windows of the lancet pattern. The south aisle is separated from the nave by three very fine circular¬ headed arches, profusely decorated with billet and chevron mouldings, resting on massive columns. The north aisle is divided from the nave by four bays of the transition period. The nave and aisles are seated with open pine stalls, those in the chancel being of oak, with neatly-carved tops.

There are some good memorial windows. One in the west window of the south aisle is to the memory of Henry Kirke White, the poet, with this inscription : —

lx Memoriam Hf.nricvs Kirke White Amici Ejvs, Edward vs Westoby, A. I)., 1S60. Fenestram Posvit. On the other side of the south door in the same aisle —the subject, St. John and Elizabeth—with the inscription : —

To the glory of God and in memory of John Scar¬ borough, who fell asleep May 25th, 1872, in the "1st year of his age. B.I.P. WINTERINGHAM. 55

Theie is a window in (lie sonfcli transept to Ihe. Burkill family. Another—die sub jed, Christ (riumpliing over Death — has the motto :—

Absorpta Est Mors in Victoria. •Johannes Wesjtoby ob. Jan. *24, 18^7, aged 81. Sarah, wife of Johannes \Wst<>by, ob. Feb. *27, 1827, aged 79.

The east window in the chance] is also a memorial window lo (Ik* Wostobv family, who resided here during many generations and whose names frequently o<*cur in the parish register. On a brass plate are the following names of the family : —

Nicholas Westobie obit 1563 Ed ward vs 1578 Johannis 1594 Michael is 1615 Ed ward vs 1625 Antonie 1657 T1 ionise 1695 Johannis 1706 Georgivs 1735 John 1774 Johannis Westobie et Sarah. Johannis Westobie et Rosamond Scalon, til, 18*27, Parents Edwardvs Westoby. Qvi llaec Fenestram, in memorias, Posuit A.D., 1SG0, Resurgate, Scarborough.

A window on thcsoutli side of the chancel reads : —

In memorise Thomae Adam, B.R, Hvjvs Kccleasim Rectoris Aniios58, ' obit Maitii Hist, 17S1, set. S4. 'J'he above Thomas Adam was a former rector, and was the author of several able theological works. His tomb is in the churchyard, but the inscription is nearly obliterated. According lo the register Thomas Adam was instituted to the Rectory of Wiuteringliam May 11th, 1726, and inducted July 6th, by the l!ev Mr Patterson, Rector of West Hal ton. o6 WINTEBINGHAM.

On the chancel wall is a mural monu¬ ment :— To tlie Memory of the REV 1,0RENZO GRAINGER, Late Vicar of Itaniethy-le-VVohl, amt formerly Curate of this parish 53 yoais, faithful and affectionate in the discharge of his Ministerial duties. He fed the flock of Christ, of which the Roly Ghost had made him overseer, and in the full assurance of a blissfu' Immortality through the atoning blood of his divine Redeemer, he fell asleep in Jesus, March 19th, 1839, aged 70 years.

Grainger was a native of Howden, in Yorkshire, and for some time assistant to the Rev Joseph Milner, of Hull. He was an eminent teacher of youth, and the well- known tutor of Henry Kirke White the poet, who resided some part of his short life at the rectory here.

The tower contains a ring of five bells, which bear the following inscriptions re¬ spectively

(1) Robert SarverC.W. 1741 cl) Tlios Adam Rector Great Benefactor 1742 Tosh Bell C.W. (3) Thus Adam Rector and Good Benefactor (4) Venite Exultentus Domino 17u5 (5) 'That Evel - Thinkes

Near the entrance door is the figure of a cross-legged knight in chain armour, with sword and shield, wiih a linn at his feet, and the iiead supported by angels, pro¬ bably a memorial of one of the Marmions, i he site of whose caslle is the present Hall Close, a little south of the church.

Through the kindness of the Rector (the Rev C. Knowles, M.A.,) I was enabled to inspect the registers. Tno date of the earliest entry is loG2, although several years are missing, some partially and some totally. 'The first entry is of r:; ifts*;•* :•••;■■ ■ ■ i•s *•li .•r-S&sK .. * V ;!t.*

*. ■ • : ; *• V: : : :vy_ ; . ••; •;* \J si * •::• * *.• >**. /•• *•••• */.». 1 •:}* •••--* ~\.V ‘

« • , •

H V* • • t •,*:**. •• .*•:

•«;K

V*

effigy of crusader Wintringham.

WINTERINGHAM. 57

Burials, 156-2. Catherine Pearsie, the twenty iii daie of Septr. Alice Hamerton, the fyfthe daie of October. 1563. Anthynoie Leader, the sixte of October. Alice Symonde, the fyfthe daie of Januarie. Isabelle Walker, the 8th of Januarie. Nicholas Westobie, the second of Februarie Edward Backe, the 24th of March. Marriages, 1563. Thomas Bainton and Agnes Browne, the last of April. Richard Barnsley and Agnes Duggleby, the 4th of June. 1649. Edvards Boteler Inductus fuit in Rectorunl Ecclesis parochilis de Winteringham, Feb. 2nd, 1649. The entries in the resister are in a tine bold hand, and chiefly in Latin. The following relates to the unfortunate deatli of Sir John Wray’s son :— Theophilus Wray, generosus fllius Dom Johs. Wray Militis et Baronetti, phreneticus qui se submcrsit, Novembris 21st, 1664. The register also contains an interest¬ ing account of a “ Court leet and Baron, held ye 22 day of October, 1674, an agreement between Lady Fanshawe, the Lady of ye said Manor, and the Free¬ holders Copyholders and tenants of ye aforesaid manor, with respect to common rights, &c.” At the end are the signatures of 72 of the inhabitants who subscribe to its contents, headed by that of the Hector (Thomas Potter). The following singular entry occurs in the parish book containing its accounts with the churchwardens and overseers. Amongst some bye-laws agreed upon at a parish meeting lielct at Winteringham January the 6th, 1685, it was thus enacted :— Item, that none shall burne or bake at any unlawful time of night on paine of three shillings and four- pence. Item, none shall dry any hempe or flax by the tire upon paine of three shillings and fourpence. Item, none shall smoke tobacco in the streets upon paine of two shillings for every default. H 58 WIXTERINGH AM.

Precautions like the foregoing would be necessary at a time when the roofs of the dwellings were covered with thatch, and fires at that period were frequently most disastrous in their effects. We gather this from the many collections recorded in the parish registers of the different villages, to assist those who had been rendered homeless by fire. There is a tradition here that the streets once flowed with blood, referring no doubt to the Danish massacres of the tenth century, when the inhabitants of these parts were indiscriminately slaughtered and their homes destroyed by fire. BARNETBY-LE-WOLD. “In Bernedbi (Barnetby) Grim, and Ulf, and Fin bad seven oxgangs of land to be taxed. Land to fourteen oxen. Ulric, a vassal of Ernegi’s, lias there one plough and twelve sokemen, with one oxgang of this land, and five tofts, and five viilanes, with one plough and half the church. Value in King Edward’s time, twenty shillings ; tallaged at four shillings.” On the brow of the hill above the present village of Barnetby stands the old church, the tower of which in all probability has stood there since the Doomsday survey. It is dedicated to St. Mary, and consists of the nave and chancel, and a low massive square tower. The entrance is at the west side of the tower, by a plain semicircular doorway. In the tower is preserved a cir¬ cular lead font, on which are three tiers of a peculiar scrollwork. The vicar, the Rev B. Street, is of opinion that it is of Roman workmanship ; but it probably is of the Norman period, A similar one, mentioned in the Archceolor/ical Journal, vol. ii, page 135, is at Long Witenham, Berkshire, of which an engraving is given. Mention is made of others at Dorchester and Warborough, in the same county. It certainly is an interesting relic of antiquity. Near it is the stone coffin of a child, about two feet long. The church is in a dilapidated condition; but the present vicar is striving to carry out some needful restorations in the interior. Beneath the chancel arch are the remains of an old oak screen, which has foimerly contained some excellent carved work. 50 BARNETBY-LE-WOLD.

Tlie arch itself lias been at one time circular. The remains of the piers may yet be seen on either side, with portions of the clog-toothed ornament. The length of the nave is 46 feet by 20 feet, and the chancel 24 feet by 14 feet. The body of the church is fitted with the old square pews of the last century. At the west end of the nave is a gallery. There are no monuments, with the ex¬ ception of a mural brass on the north wall of the nave, which has the following- inscription :— Here lietli the body of Robert Kelk, Esq., who died in November 1653 a. o. .Btiitis Sure 92, and Dorothy his wife daughter of — Metham of Brillington, who died in April 1654 .Et. Suje 66, of whose pedigree more maybe seen at the church at Rand. Here also lie the bodies of Robert and William Kelk, sons of the said Robert Kelk and Dorothy, whu died single men at about 40 years of age Here also lie the bodies of Christopher Kelk Esq and Elizabeth his wife daughter of — Carr of Sleeford, father and mother of the first-named Robert Kelk and also of Christopher Kelk, Great Grandfather of ye same Robert. In the old towef are three very fine- toned bells, the first—a very ancient one— with the inscription “Margaretta ” in fine Lombardic characters, every letter on a small square. (This is one of the oldest bells in the county, not less, probably, than 500 years old.) The second bears the inscription “ Sancta Trinitas Unus beus.” The third has no inscription, but there is on it the Tudor Rose and a portcullis. This bell was probably cast at Barrow. The view from the churchyard is exten¬ sive. Below the churchyard is the vicarage, the residence of the venerable Rev B. Street, author of “An History of Gran¬ tham.” The vicar kindly allowed me to see the registers, terriers, &C. The earliest portions of the registers are in the year BARNETBY-LE-WOLD. 61

1562, but before the year 1691) they are in a bad condition from damp, &c. The date of the terrier is 1695, and has some curious matterregarding smoke-pennyand smoke- halfpenny, &c.

Near the church is a spring called the Holy Wells, and in a paper contributed to the “Lincoln Diocesan Magazine” the Vicar states Iliac “forty years ago an oblong field, containing about an acre of ground lying round the spring, was church land, and from time immemorial the rent received from the tenant of the land was divided into three equal portions, one for the poor, one for the church fabric, and one for the parson. This appropriation of the proceeds indicates a threefold appor¬ tionment, not of tithes, but of church land. The dedication of this land to these pur¬ poses must date from very early times. No deeds relating to it are known to exist, nor is it mentioned in any terrier, though we have a terrier just two hundred years old, which describes most minutely the emoluments of the vicar, such as smoke-penny and smoke-half¬ penny—the one from farmhouses, the other from cottages; and states the burial fee to be one penny—a proof of the great antiquity of the original terrier. The land has been alienated for about 35 years, but less than twenty years ago I have known of persons resorting to the spring, and applying the water to the diseased eyes of children for sanitary pur¬ poses ; but not resorting to any other spring, however similarly situated in the parish for such purposes. From this and from the environments of the Holy Wells,I am disposed to think that this and pro¬ bably other springs in other parishes known as the Holy Wells were the springs 62 BARNETBY-LE-WOLD.

at which the first missionaries to our heathen forefathers baptised their first converts. I suggest that the church was erected close to the spot memorable as the site of the spring in which the first converts of the place were baptised. The church is near the Holy Wells, in fact, on the nearest ground offering a solid foundation for the builders. All that was first provided for the spiritual and temporal wants of the inhabitants seems to have radiated from baptisms first administered at the Holy Wells. For in¬ stance, the land immediately surrounding the spring was dedicated to the church, the priest, and the poor. An equal portion of land adjoining it eastward was the site of the ancient par¬ sonage, an equal portion lying north of the parson’s dwelling was God’s Acre (the site of the church), and a larger piece of land lying westward from the Holy Wells, but adjoining, was the village green. Thus the House of God, the dwelling of the priest, and the recreative ground of the laity, all lie round the Holy Wells at Barnetby. SOMERBY. This village is situated at the foot of the western edge of the , about four miles from Brigg, and miles from Barnetby railway-station. The village consists of scattered farmhouses, the population being about 120. The parish contains 1,940 acres of land. The Hall, situated near the church, was the ancient seat of the Westons. From the summit of tha hill behind the church the prospect is very tine, overlooking the ex¬ tensive vale of the Ancholme, and on a fine day the majestic towers of Lincoln Cathedral are plainly visible in the dis¬ tance. .South of the church, on the brow of the hill, is a large tumulus or barrow, while in the fields to the west are the remains of a fine Roman pavement, discovered a few years ago. The situation of the church, particularly in the summer time, is very beautiful, embowered among ^plantations, sheltered from the east and north by high hills, and enlivened by the constant singing of birds. This spot is second to none in the county. The present lord of the manor is Mr William Henry Underwood, who is the owner of all the land except the glebe. At the period of the Norman survey the land was in the hands of various owners :— Earl Alan.—Soke in Sumertby half a carucate of land to be taxed ; land to one plough and a half; eight sokemen have there one plough, and two draught oxen. Land of Tro Talbois.—In Somertby seven oxgangs of land to be taxed, land to seven oxen. Tro has there one bordar and twenty acres of wood pasture, value in King Edward’s time twenty shillings, now five. 64 SOMERBY.

Land of William de Perci.—In Soniertby Salecos had two cavucates of land and a half to be taxed, land to five ploughs. At what period the manor came into the hands of the Cumberworths we are not able to say, but in Gibbon’s “ Eat ly Lincoln Wills” Robert de Cumberuorth directs that his body is to be buried in Someby or Staine Church, leaving a bequest to Somerby Church among others This will is dated 15th July, 1404. The will of Thomas , Knight, proved 15th February. 1450, directs his body to be buried here. The will is in English, and is as follows :— My sawle to God and my redempoure, and my wretchyd body to be buried in the north isle of the Parycli Kyrke, of Sometliby, be my wyfe and I will my body ly still my rnowth open whild xxiiij owrysand aft laid on here at owtyn anythyng of opon to cover bot a seete and a black cloth wt a white cross of gold, &c. To our blessed lady and her colage at Lincoln a vest¬ ment of rid velvet, &c. Then follow various bequests to re¬ ligious houses and to individuals. I will my child of the stabul have my botes and spurs the child of the hall my hosys the childe of the kechene my gloves &c. The Abbot of Newsham to bery my body and do the messe and deryge &c. In the tower of the church are three pre- Reformation bells, and they are evidently a gift by the foregoing baronet. The in¬ scriptions on them are as follows :— (1) DNS TOMAS CVMBER WORTH ME FECIT FIERI IIEC P. LAVDE PIE RESONANT CAMPANA MARIA. (2) No inscription, but a number of square marks. (3) DNS TOMAS CVMBER WORTH ME FECIT FIERI ANNO DNI MCCCC TCESIMO PM TRINITAS SACRA FIAT HEC CAMPANA BEATA. Sir Thomas, the donor of these bells, was the son and heir of Sir Robert Cumber- worth, of Somersby, and Staines in the Marsh. He served as High Sheriff in 1415 and 1431, and represented the county in Parliament in 1420, 1421, and 1424. These SOMERBY. 65

hells were probably intended for the chapel of the Holy Trinity in this church, which chapel the same Sir Thomas Cum- berworth provided with a rich supply of furniture, the inventory of which is given by Mr Peacock in his “Church Furniture,” p p. 181 and 185. The chapel is there called “ the Trinity Chapel in Somerby Church,” and the things are given “for the worship of the Holy Trinity of our Ladye Virgine and Mother, and St. Marie, and all the holy sainfsof Heaven,for my sowle and my wife dame Katerine and for all Christian sowles, and specially for those sowles that God would most specialle I did for the year of our Lord 1440 ” The church is dedicated to St. Margaret, and is a small structure. It consists of a nave, chancel, and a low tower at the west end. The length of the nave is 42 feet by IS feet, the chancel 19 feet by 16 feet, the windows are all of the square-headed type. The foundation of the fabric is of the early English period ; the tower arch is early pointed. Near the entrance is a Norman or early English font, circular, and around which is a pavement of small Tessarae with this inscription : — “ This pavement round this font was given as a thankoflering for the baptism of the four grandchildren of the Rev T. C. Jones, late Rector of Somerby, by their parents, A.D., 1885.” Beneath the south window of the chancel are nine quatre- foils, containing blank shields. There are others built in the north wall. There is also an early English piscina. At the west end of the nave is a remarkably tine effigy of a Crusader, with sword and shield, clad in chain armour, with a lion at the feet. There has formerly been an angel on each side of the head, but these are partly broken away. The features of I 156 SOMERBY,

the figure are very sharp and perfect, probably owing to the fact that the effigy has been buried in the earth, and so escaped the vandalism that lias overtaken too many of our national monuments. The effigy is probably one of the Cumber- worths. In the church are some fine memorials of the Westons, among which are the follow¬ ing, on a mural tablet on the south wall of the chancel : — Here lies interred with his lady, and several of his descendants, .Sir , knight, a commanding officer in the Parliamentary army during the civil wars, M ho built the Mansion house here in 1060, and died in 1068. To the memory of whom as Founder of Somerby Hall This small monument is erected 1758, By Geo. Weston, Esq., who purchaced it In 1750. Another :— Sacred to the memory of Edward Weston, Second son of Edward and Penelope Weston, Who died in the service of the East India Company, At Batavia, in the Island of Java, In the 25th year of his age, January 17th, 176" Another :— Sacred to the memory of William Weston,' Oldest son of Edward and Anne Weston, Who died at Mootajitt, upon the Ganges, Assistant and interpreter for the Persian language To the East India Company, Resident at the Court of the Nabob of Bengal, in the 24th year of his age, April the 22nd, 1767. On the north side of the chancel, on a fine marble monument, is inscribed :— Under this chancel, in a vault built by himself for the interment of his family, l.ictli Edward Weston, Esq., one of His Majesty’s Most Honourable Privy Counsellors of the , second son of Stephen, late Bishop of Exeter, who, having served the Crown 22 years in public offices, viz., IS years under

I SOMERBY. 67

Lord Viscount Townshend, and the Earls of Halting- ton, Granville, and Chesterfield, Secretaries of State, and the last four as Chief Secretary in Ireland, under the famed Lord I [aldington, then Lord- Lieutenant He retired in the year 1751 to this place, his own purchase, and having continued his residence here until the death of King George II., returned in 1701 to his former post as Under-Secretary of State, on the invitation of the Earl of Bute, ami after serving under his lordship, George Grenville, Esq., and the till the month of May, 1764, he was obliged by ill-health to quit public business entirely, and retired once more to this place. He was twice mairied, first to 1’enelope, oldest daughter and co heiress to Symon Patrick, only son of Symon, late Lord Bishop of Ely, by whom he had two sons, Charles, late Archdeacon of Wilts,and now Prebendary of Bath, London, and Lincoln, and Hector of Thirfield, in Herts, and Edward, who died at Batavia, in the East Indies, in 1762. The second wife was Anne, youngest daughter of John Foun¬ tain, late of High Melton, in the county of York, Esq.,by whom he had also twochildren—Wi'liam who died April 22nd, 1767, in the service of the East India Company, in Bengal; and Ann. married in 1776 to Sir Jacob Woolf, Baronet of Great Britain, and Baton of the Homan Empire. He died at Buxton, the 15th day of July, in the 6Sth year of his age. and in the year of our Lord 1770, in tile sincere repentance of many and great transgressions, and in humble hope of a h ippy resurrection through the unbounded mercies of Cod in t 'hrist Jesus.

Anne, relict of the Right Honourable Edward Weston, died 20th March, 1782, Aged 63 years. Under this chancel is interred the Rev George Weston, M A., sou of Edward and Penelope Weston, who died at Somerby Oct. 31st, 1801, aged 70 years. Beneath also lies his first wife, Anne Weston, daughter ef Lacy Weston, in the county of Devon, Esq.,' and who died April 15th, 1769, aged 32 years. His second wife, Arrabelli Weston, is likewise here buried, and who died at Somerby June 30th, 1799, aged years.

I am indebted to the rector, the Bev W. (jloold, M.A., for the following particu¬ lars :—

The parish registers commence in 1661, and there are several entries relating to the ’ Rossiter family, who resid'd at *>8 SOMERBY.

Sotnerby Hall for several generations. Tlie following entries are interesting 1668. Sir Edward Rossiter Knt buried 3 day of June. 1078. Mr Edward Rossiter dyed at London 26 Jany, and was buried in the chancel of Somevsby Church 1st Feby. 1773. The La ly Arabella Villers came down from London to be buried 20th day of this month October. The first rector I have any account of is Dominus Godered. The following is the entry respecting him :— 1279—Kal. April. Robert de Dunham, subdeacon, presented by Prioress and Convent of Staynfield, on death of Dominus Gudered. In 1439 John White, presbyter, was presented to chantry in Somersby Church by Sir Thus. Cumber- worth. The following account of the recumbent effigy was forwarded to Mr Page by the Uev W. Goold, and appeared in the Hu/l Quarter/)/ and East-Hiding Portfolio :— “In March, 1884, there was found under the east portion of the south wall of ISomerby Church, Brigg, a recumbent effigy of aknight in chain mail. The monu¬ ment was b*okr n into four pieces, and used as the foundation of the wall which tills up what used to be the arch of the south transept. The knight is depicted in the attitude of repose, with the hands con¬ joined over the breast and the legs crossed. He is armed by a complete suit of inter¬ laced chain mail, with the exception of his genouilleres or knee-plates. The mail is surmounted by a piain loose surcoat reaching below the knees, and girded about the waist by a narrow strap buckled in front below the waist. The surcoat opensin front, and falls on either side in folds. Thelong, straightsword, with crossed hilt, is buckled over the hips with a broad belt, exhibiting a peculiar arrangement of straps in front. The shield, which is long and heater shaped, is SOMERBY. (iS)

concave to the person, and is sustained by a plain, broad shield-belt passing over the right shoulder. It is charged with a chevron between three martlets. The single point or pryck spurs are attached to the heels by straps. The head rests on a cushion, supported by angels. The feet, which meet at the toes, rest upon a lion couchant, close to which lies curled up a curious lit tie dog The monument has noinscription, but may be assigned to the early part of the reign of Edward I. The carved work is in ex¬ cellent preservation, and shows but slight impressions of the hand of time. 3TALLINGB0R0UGH. At the period of the Norman survey, the land whereon 3tallingborough now stands was in tin* possession of a number of owners. It is one of the villages that pos¬ sessed a church at that early period. The following are the principal owners, as shown by the old records Land or the archbishop of York.—In Stalinge- burg. El,if hail on • carinate of lanil aud two oxgangs to be taxed ; land to two ploughs ami a half. Herbert, a vassal of tile Archbishop, has there in die deineiise »ne plough, and five villanes, ar.d tlnee sokemen, and one iiordar, with one plough, There is the half-share of a mill of thirty-two pence, and two salt-pits and eighty acres of meadow, value in King Edward's time thirty shillings, now fifty shillings. Land of the Bishop of Bayeux.—In Stalingeburg. There is a soke (inland) of this manor, five oxgangs of land and a half to be taxed ; land to eleven oxen. Light villanes and two sokemen have there oneplough.andone hundred and eighty acres of meadow, and half a mill of three shillings. Land of Hi gh, Son of Baldricic. — In Stalinge¬ burg, Sinard, aud Gamel and L'lchil had one carucate of land to be taxed, land to two ploughs. Hugh has there one plough, and two sokemen with five tofts, and two villanes and one bordar, and two mills and a half of ten shillings, and two salt pits and a half of two shillings, and two hundred acres of meadow, value in King Edward’s time and now thirty shillings. Land of Norman de Adreci.—In Stalingeburg Uif and Ster had two carucates of land to he taxed ; land to four ploughs. Norman de Adreci has there two ploughs in the demense, and one sokeman and eighteen villanes, and one bordar with two ploughs. There is half a church and the site of a mill, and two salt pits of three shillings, and four hundred acres of meadow, value in King Edward’s time four pounds, now seven, tallaged at twenty shillings. The Lordship of Stallingborough after¬ wards came into the possession of the Ayscoughs, a family of distinction in this county, and who had a noble mansion here. They exercised the rites of old English hospitality here for several STALLINGBOROUGH. 71

centuries. At a later period another branch of die family, through marriage with the Hansards, of .South lvelsey, had an establishment there, ami another branch resided at Grimsby, of which some particulars are preserved amongst the records of the Corporation. “ In the reign of Henry VIII. Richard Ayscoughe, Esq., occupied a house within the gate of Brig- liowe next the ford, and Sir Christopher Ayscoughe dwelt in the Market-place at the corner between Bull Ring-lane and Flottergate.” This gentleman was Mayor of Grimsby in 1512, and represented the borough in Parliament in 1536, along with his relative, Sir William A.yschoghe, of Stallingboro, the father of the celebrated Anne Ayschoghe (or Askew), so famous for her beauty and her suffering in the cause of religion, and, according to Fox, so con¬ stant was this young lady to the principles of the reformed faith that the cruel and inhuman tortures of the rack—which dis¬ located every joint and almost tore her body asunder—utterly failed to induce a recantation of her opinions, and finally, after bonds, imprisonment, and torture, she received the crown of marytrdom in Smithfield, A.D. 1546. Her father, Sir William, was High Sheriff of Lincolnshire four times between the years 1500 and 1521. Sir Francis, his son, and who was buried in Stallingboro Church, served in the same office in the years 1545, 1549, and 1554 ; and his brother Edward in 1587. Sir Edward Ayschoche was appointed High Sheriff in the year 1632, represented the city of Lincoln in Parliament, a.d. 1628, and the County in 1640. His son, Sir Edward, was High Sheriff in 1683 and 1684, and was chosen High Steward of the Borough of Grimsby in 1686, being at the same time its representative in Parlia- 72 STALLINGBOROUGH.

ment. His younger brother, Sir George Ayscoghe, who was knighted by Charles I., was one of the, greatest naval heroes this country has produced. He lived during the period of the civil wars, and declared for the Parliament, under whom he rendered many important services against the enemies of his country, at a time when the sovereignty of the sea was most obsti¬ nately contested by the Dutch. The astro¬ loger Lilly, in his almanack under the date of 1652, says “Sir George Ascue near Plymouth, with fourteen or fifteen ships only, fought three score Dutch men of war, and had thirty shot in the hull of his own ship yet he made the Dutch give way. This is he that is a gentleman, lives like a gentleman, and acts the part of a generous commander in all his actions.” Soon after this period the property at Stallingborough passed to the Boucheritts by a marriage with the heiress of this family, and in 1706 we find recorded as High Sheriff of Lin¬ colnshire Matthew Boucheritt of Stalling¬ borough. The seatof the Boucheritts is now at North Willingham. The family man¬ sion of the Ayscoghes at Stallingborough was demolished 50 years ago.

A church was in existence herein Anglo- Saxon times, as we learn from the survey by William the Conqueror. It was ap¬ propriated to the Abbey of Selby during the reign of Richard I. by the gift of Thomas D’Arcy, and by the confirmation of that monarch and the Bishop of Lin¬ coln, who ordained that the vicar should have 10 marks per annum, payable by the Abbot of Selby. The grant was after¬ wards confirmed by Henry Burgesh, Bishop of Lincoln, in the reign of Edward III, who examined the registers of Hugh, his predecessor, and found the vicarage to STALLING BOROUGH.

consist of the whole altarage, except the tithe of corn of the Cour t of Norman D’Arey ; and half the tithe of lamb which belonged to the Abbot of Selby. Petei1, son of Walter de Stalling- borough, gave two seiious of land to the church, and Lettice, daughter of Alan de Heyling gave two oxgangs and two selions, on both sides of Wytcker, two upon Kettleholme, one upon Musewell, and one in Deepdale in this parish. The rectory was by these gifts niaclea valuable one,and in all probability the church would be well maintained in pre-Reformation times, but after the dissolution of the monasteries and the transfer of the property into lay hands, it was much neglected and fell into decay, so that in 1780 it was taken down and the present unsightly brick building erected, which is totally uninteresting to the architect and the antiquary. The fabric is dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul. The interior consists of nave and chancel. Within the altar rails is a stone, on which are the figures in brass of a knight and lady, said to be those of Sir William Aysehoghe and his wife, the daughter of Sir John Hildyard. Tire text of the inscription is somewhat defaced, but on a scroll pro¬ ceeding from the mouth of the knight is inscribed :—“ Sancta Trinitas unus miserere nobis,” and on a similar scroll from the lady, “Libera nos Gamulos tuos O beata Trinitas.” Near this another stone formerly existed, which has disappeared, on which was a brass witli the following inscription :— Here lyeth buried William Ayschogp, Enquire, somie and heir to Sir Edward Ayschoge, Knight, who dyed ye 4th daie of Februarie.in the year of Our Lord God, 1615. Katherine Iris wife was one of the daughters of William Henage, of llainton, Esquire. In the north wall of the chancel is a

K 74 STALLINGB0R0UGH.

niche containing a half-length figure in a leaning posture, with this inscription above:— Franciscus Ayscoghe, eques auratus, pater infra positi dui Edvvardi. And below the figure :— Profuit hie patriar Franciscus streuuus almce Bello mare suo, pace suo ingenio. On the same side is a tomb of white marble, on which is an armed knight, a full- length figure in plate armour. The head rests on a coil of matting, and the hands are raised in prayer. On the further side of the knight is the full-length figure of a lady. She reclines on her side, the head resting on her left hand, and the elbow on a pillow. She wears a head dress, a light waist dress with a row of buttons down the centre, and the skirts of the dress fall in graceful folds to her feet. In front of the monument are the effigies of twelve children kneeling, and two infants in a cradle, with an inscription in Latin from the cxxviii. Psalm, 3 and 4. On the tomb is an iron helmet, and at the west end, the quarterings of the family. Over the monument is the following inscription :— Memoria Mentis. Cl. D. Edovardi Ayschoglie de Kelsey, in Com Lin- colne eqitis aureti, en antiqua Hansadorum famiiia oriundi, et uxoris ejus opt mer Estheris Thonir Grant ham i armig tilin' ; obierunt ille Marti die 9 An D. 161 i Anatriam I Edovardus Ayschoglie ® \ Gaudes (io) Chavus Deo Clarus imaginibus proavi, sed mentis honestie Clarior exemplis, integritate, tide, Cna tibi conjux quie— beata, Fuerat, et nodes, et sine lite dies. At the west end of the church is an ancient monumental stone, found under the floor of the church at the restoration, and in the churchyard the stump of a cross on which is an inscription partly defaced ANCIENT SEPULCHURAL SLAB, Stallingborough.

STALLINGBOROUGH. 75

The village is situated about six miles north-west of Grimsby. The parish con¬ tains about 4,973 acres of land, including the hamlet of Little London. H. 11. Bouclierett is lord of the manor, and the Bishop of Lincoln the patron of the living, which is a vicarage in the incumbency of the Rev Mi Lowe. CLEE. About a mile east from the old town of Great Grimsby is the ancient village of Glee. The most notable object in this village is the tine old Parish Church, some portions of which date from about the period of the Conquest (some students of archaeology think even prior to that period). At any rate we have proof of its antiquity, for 10 years after, namely, in 1076, it was assigned to the Abbey of Wellow by a charter. It is dedicated to the HolyTrinity and the Virgin, and consists of a nave with aisles, north and south transepts, a chancel, a low tower in the centre, and a tower at the west end—the latter being without doubt the oldest portion of the building, and the lower portion of which possibly belongs to the Saxon period. Its walls are built principally of rubble stones, but are remarkable for great strength and solidity. The west door, which opens into the tower, is sur¬ mounted by a semicircular arch, composed, together with the door frame, of rough, squared stones. Above this is a narrow, loopholed window, with a circular lead, and m the next storey is a double- light belfry window of the Saxon or Early Norman type, the lights being separated by the heavy cylinder or balustrade—a. description of window which appears uni¬ formly in each face of the tower at the same elevation. The battlements of the tower are of a later period. The arch in the interior, opening into the nave, is also semicircular, lofty, and narrow, not unlike the one in the interior of the tower of St. CLEE.

Peter’s, ;it Barton-upon-Rumber. The nave and aisles are decidedly of the Norman period, and the transepts with their lancet windows are of the very earliest Early English style. The north front has a low-pointed door¬ way near the west end of the north aisle, and two square-headed windows, each of two lights, with stone mullions, having trefoiled heads and quatrefoils in the re¬ cess. The south transept has two lancet windows in each face, and the north tran¬ sept a lancet window of two lights on the east side, and one on the west. The east window of the chancel is of tim e lights of the lancet pattern : on the south side, as also on the north Side, the windows are of two lights in the same style In the south wall of the chancel is a beautiful early English piscina, and on the opposite side is an aumbry. The gables of the transepts are lighted with windows of the lancet pattern, above which is a small oval one. The chancel is paved with Minton tiles, and on the north side is a vestry. The roof is of oak, resting on six brackets, with angels bearing shields. The nave has three Norman arches on the north side, profusely ornamented with various mouldings—the zigzag, the cable, the nail head, and the embattled fret—supported by square piers clustered with cylinders, and on the south side by two tine semicircular arches, with similar ornaments, supported tit each extremity by piers of masonry, and in the centre by a massive round column, in which is inserted a dedication stone with tiie following inscription ii ecclia: dedicata : est IN : 1IONORE : s’ce: t’nitatis -marie: v: iii. n’mareh. A.DXO: HVGOXE I.IMCOI.NI K’SI : El’O : ANNO: All: I’CARXACI one : dxi : m : c: xc: ii. t tk’pore: ricaRdi : it EC. IS 78 CLEE.

The entrance door is of oak, and of great antiquity. Near it on one side is the old Norman font, and on the other a stoup or water stand. The church is spacious. The dimensions are :—Nave, including the aisles, 42 feet 6 inches ; length, 36 feet ; transepts, 66 feet long and 17feet wide ; chancel, 31 feet long and 17 feet 9 inches in width. The body of the church is comfortably seated with open seats of pine, the stalls in the chancel being of oak with carved ends. There are a few monunents. One, a white marble slab built in one of the piers on the south side, has this inscription :— Hie jacet Tho. Kygger amt Alicia uxor ejus olirn mare les in houle qui obierient XXo die men. decebris ano dni mo CCCCXI.Y Henricus Kygger fili Tho Kygger predicli obit XV die men Marcii ano dnimoCCCCLVII and Alicem uxor viceKyggar prediali obit XXII die men decebris a dni MCCCCLXXX quo aia ppicet d.s. On the north wall of the chancel, on a marble tablet, is the incription : — To the glory of God and in memory of The Rev William Thorold, Who died 11th August, 1814, Aged 67 years. Also of Frances Thorold, Relict of the above, Who died 29th of January, 1S24, Aged 62 years. Also of Frances Thorold, Daughter-in-law of the above, Who died March 3rd, 185S, Aged 81 years, And the wife ol Richard Thorold, Esq. Also of the above Richard Thorold, Who died 18th March, 1S64, Aged 74 years. On a black marble monument in the north aisle there is the following :— Here lies An honest man, The noblest work of God, Andrew Mott, Post Captain In Her Majesty’s R.N., Who died 12th November, 1819, Aged 67 years. CLEE. 79

The tower contains three bells with the following inscriptions:— 1 and 2.—James Harrison, of Barton, fr., 173::. 3.—Rev Samuel Stoclcdale, vicar, George Parker, churchwarden, 1793, James Harrison, Barton, founder. The bells were re-cast, in the above year from the old ones mentioned in the return of 1553. In the belfry are the following ringers’ orders :— Orders to be kept by the ringers in ye tower of Glee, in ye county of Lincoln, from the 27 day of Novr., 1793, with ye consent of ye Rev J. Stockdale and the church¬ warden, Richard Rawson. Any person yt shall ring a bell with his hat upon his head shall forfeit and pay 6d to ye use of ye ringers. Any person yt shall ring a bell with his spurs on shall pay Cd, &c. Through the kindness of the vicar, the Rev J. Benson, M.A., I was shown the registers. They date of the first entry is 1559, They are contained in 15 volumes, in a good state of preservation. 1559.—On ye V daie Novr. was Elizabeth Neph-Bap¬ tized. On ye V of December John Fillis was Baptized. On ye X of Deer. Demaris Englo was Born. Marriages. On ye 6 daie of Febuarie was married Dom Lowerie and- For ye 2 daie of October was married George Meare Ellen Burdfirth. For yt* V daie of October was married Christ and Mary Ann Vergolybod. Burials. On ye VI daie of November was Joseph Wray buried. On ye XX daie of November was Hind Louie buried. The parish of Clee formerly was of great extent, and contained within its parochial jurisdiction no less than six hamlets. They were Clee, Weelsby, Holm, Itterby, Hole, and Thurnscross, the three former being with the soke of Grimsby and the rest in the Wapentake of Bradley-Havers- toe. Of these the hamlet of Holm is said to have been lost by the encroachment of 80 CLEE.

the sea, and Itterby and Hole have lost their primitive names in the modern name of . The name of Ciee is probably fiom the Celtic word Cleis (chalk) and it is supposed, with much probability, that there was a haven there used by the Homans for the exportation of that article during the period of their occupation. The parish occupies a notable place in the Doomsday survey, for we find that the Bishop of Bayeux held the manor of Clee, Drogo that of Weelsby and Holm, Waldo that of Itterby, and Iro Talbois the manors of Thurncross and Hole.

At the same period that Ravenspurn and its neighbouring ports on the opposite side of the Humber were in the height of their prosperity, the inhabitants of Thurnscross, Itterby, and Hole had established an extensive trade by means of the Haven formerly used in Roman times, and it is evident that they had succeeded, as early as the reign of Edward II., in rivalling the adjoining port of Grimsby, and superseding its chartered markets. An appeal, however, was made by the Grimbarians, as we learn from the rolls of Parliament for the years 1321 and 1322, the loth and 16th of Edward II., where their complaint is recorded, and the King’s favourable consideration of the same. It appears, however, that the merchants of Itterby and its sister towns felt their local superiority over the poor burgesses of the port of Grimsby, and they were determined not to yield their position. Hence they decided to abide the result of a legal pro¬ secution, but the chartered rights of the burgesses were too firmly establisned to be overthrown by the private usurpation of a few interested individuals CLEE. 81

Tlie result was that the Mayor and burgesses impleaded the merchants of Hole and Itterby in the Court of West¬ minster, and affirmed that the jurisdiction of the Customs of the port of Grimsby extended for the distance of 15 miles southward, along the coast of Lincolnshire, and that the hamlets of Hole and Itterby were included in that distance, and were, therefore, subject to the payment of duties in the port to the said Mayor and burgesses ; and that the merchants of Hole did, notwithstanding, continue in the constant practice of disposing of their merchandise without the payment of any toll or duty, either on the landing or trans¬ fer of their cargoes, in violation of the borough charters and of the King’s most gracious proclamation to that effect. The merchants replied that they were free tenants in the hamlet of Thurncross, which was comprehended within the limits of the parish of Hole, and that the fisher¬ men of that hamlet had from time imme¬ morial, with nets and boats, caught fish on the sea coasts thereof, by free and ancient custom, and had elsewhere offered the same for sale at such times and in such places as corn and other provisions were usually exposed. It was cffar, however, that, being situated within the limits of the port, they were liable to the surveil¬ lance of its officers and to the duties on all customary goods, and, therefore, were condemned, with costs.

Few remains exist at the present time, excepting the old church, to mark the antiquity of this once extensive parish. Some years ago, however, three artificial mounds of peculiar construction existed ©n the north side of the parish. One yet may be seen to the south, which is called the L 82 GLEE.

Beacon, and it is supposed that a line of these hills ran near to the coast, and were thrown up by the Romanised Britons, on which they built their watch-towers, with the object of providing against the incur¬ sions of the Saxons. A little south of the church are the re¬ mains of an old building called the Hall. The remains of an extensive moat are still discernible. This was formerly the residence of a family of the name of Mordaunt. The building is probably of the time of Elizabeth. Some of the rooms contain some tine specimens of carved oak. An old custom prevails here ; that of strewing the ffoor of the church with new- mown grass on Trinity Sunday. A small parcel of land was given for this purpose, called Bescars. Ii is now the property of the Thorold family, but t he right of cutting rushes or grass is preserved. The parish of Clee was added by the Reform Bill of 1832 to the Parliamentary Borough of Grimsby. Mr Grant-Thorold, of Weelsby Hall, is the principal land- owner, but the Earl of Yarborough is Lord of the Manor of Cleethorpes-with-Scartho. The living is in the patronage of the Bishop of Lincoln, and worth £'485 per annum. It is in the incumbency of the Rev J. Benson, M.A. The chancel of the church has been entirely re-built, and other restorations effected, principally at the cost of Mr A. W. T. Grant-Thorold. Dr Oliver, the author of the History of Beverley,” gives the following account of a curious funeral custom relating to this parish : — “ The funerals are conducted with great formality At the death of an individual CLEE. 83

a message is sent to every householder in the village with an invitation to join the procession to the church, and it happens not unfrequently that the corpse is attended to its last resting place by three or four hundred persons. In early times it was customary to crown sucli young females as died in their virginity with a triumphant chaplet, com¬ posed of filagree • work, as a testimony of their conquest over the lusts of the flesh. This token of respect merged, in the process of time, into the practice of gracing the procession of young unmarried women, with children of their own sex, dressed in white robes, arranged in pairs, and bearing garlands cut in white paper, emblematical of their uncorrupted innocence, variously disposed, accord¬ ing to the rank or situation of the deceased, together with long strips of white paper to represent ribbons, and other pieces cut in the form of gloves, all of which were solemnly suspended when the funeral was over in some conspicuous part of the church, where they remained as a trophy or memento of the virginity of the deceased. This pretty custom 23re- vailed at Clee down to a recent period, and in 1819, when the church underwent repair, these emblems of innocence and friendship were removed.” ASHBY-CUM-FENBY. This village is situated in a romantic valley, at the foot of the Wolds, in the north-east part of the division of Lindsey, on the old road from Grimsby to Loutii, about six miles from the former town. At the time when the Doomsday Boole was compiled we find Fetiby, which is at present only a small hamlet, giving the name to a hundred, without, however', possessing any manorial jurisdiction, for it was in the soke of Waltham, and belonged to Earl Alan. The manor of Ashby was the pr operty of Widod® Credon, or Croun, which formerly belonged to Aslac the Saxon, but was now occupied by Alured, the vassal of Wido. It had nine acres and a-half of coppice-wood, and was tallaged at 40s. Earl Alan had also a part of (Iris lordship, which was in the soke of Wal¬ tham, and had five acres of coppice-wood. Subsequently to this period the follow¬ ing notices appear in the State recor ds :— Thomas de Wodehays claimed and substantiated before a jury his right to a gallows and infangthef, and assize of ale in Asnby-cum-Fenby and several adjoining parishes where he possessed estates,*' and at his deatli in 1295 the property and privileges were confirmed to his heir.t Prince Henry held in Ashby and other places in the soke of Waltham thirty-one librates of land, which were a loyal donation, and he gave them to Henry the Chaplain, but the services by which they were held are not expressed rn the record. J About the same time Richard de Lindon held in Ashby, Brigsley, and Waith, one Knight’s fee of the Constable of Chester; and John de Santon held half of a Knight’s fee of the Barony of Cronin, of the old feeoffment. Simon of Louth held a Knight’s fee and a half in the same village of the , who held of the King in chief § Thehundred rolls record also an inquiry about perprestures, in which

* Placit quo Warr. t Post mort 23 Ed. I. } Testa de Nevill. § Rot Hundred. ASHBY-CUM-FENBY. 85

it was deposed that the Abbot of Louth Paik had taken preprestuies, without any authority, on the King’s high¬ way between the fields of Ashby-cum-Fenby an

the ornamented details. The monument consists of a massive altar tomb, on which lie the figures of a knight in complete armour, and a lady in the rich dress of the period at his right It is surmounted by a canopy, supported by ten pillars of the composite order, and crested with a shield containing 14 quartering?. Round the frieze is an inscription somewhat mutilated : — The noble ami religious I.ady Frances Wray, eldest daughter and co heir to the honourable and worthy .Sir William Drurie. - - , de¬ scended from the renowned and illustrious family of the Staffords of Buckingham. The family of Drury came over with the Conqueror, and Were of Norman extrac¬ tion, as we learn from the roll of Rattle Abbey, and settled at Thurston, in .Suffolk, where they became rich and prosperous. The three sons of Nicholas Drury, by partition, became the heads of three separate families. Sir Boyer settled at Rougham, Nicholas at Hawstead, and John at Wetherden. Frances, the wife of Sir William Wray, was the fourteenth in descent from the head of the family. She resided with her husband at Ashby and Glentworth, in the county of Lincoln. The Wray family appear to have settled in Lincolnshire in the reign of Elizabeth. Sir Christopher Wray, Knight, was Lord Chief Justice at that period, and at Glentworth erected a splendid mansion, which continued to be the principal residence of the family until their removal to Fillingham. In Glentworth Church is a line monumental effigy to his memory, above him being his son, and below his four daughters, kneeling. His son, Sir William Wray, was by King James created a Baronet, and the tomb in Ashby Church is to his memory and that of his wife, A6HBY-CUM-FENBY. 87

Lady Frances Wray. The Ashby estate came into his possession by virtue of his wife, about the year 1610. She was the widow of Sir Nicholas Clifford, of Kent, who had the Ashby property. He also, through his wife, inherited the chief part of the Hawstead estates. He died in 1617, and the Lady Frances Wray survived him 20 years. In 1636 or 1637, Sir Henry Vane married Frances, the daughter of Sir Christopher Wray, of Ashby, who was a son of the fore¬ going baronet. On the outbreak of the civil war, Vane took an active part against the king. However, he strongly opposed the usurpation of Cromwell, who caused him to be imprisoned. In 1662 he was brought to trial for compassing the death of Charles I. In the floor of the nave is a large black marble slab with a deep border of white marble. The inscription, as far as can be made out, is the following :— Here lyeth the body of Sir Will-Wray,-dyed the 14th October, in the year of our Lord 1669, in the 44 year of his age, who in his lifetime desired this - - - - Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, of whom I am chief.—Tim. 7th—16th. This gentleman represented the borough of Grimsby in the , and was a supporter of the Parliamentary party during the period of the civil wars. The north wall of the chancel is nearly wholly taken up by a large and beautiful monument, erected by Lady Frances Wray to the memory of her sister, Susannah Drury. It consists of a Corinthian arch, supported by pillars, the inner part being divided into compartments, and decorated alternately with mullets and Stafford knots. Underneath is the effigy of a lady, reclining on a tomb, supported by two 88 ASHBY-CUM-FENBY.

greyhounds, sejant, collared, accompanied by a shield, with the arms of Drury, and this inscription :— Pice Memoiiam Sacrum, Hie sita est virgo clara pudica antiques ejus nominis haer Svsanna Druria, filia Clariss do Guliemi Druria Militis de Harstead in Comit Suflolacieucis louga Druriosim seri sede clara et etiam preclaris do Elizabeth Stafforde pre nobli Buckinga Ducum familia Orta exemplar pietas sanct rixit amicis quam necessarit Aquae Cara de qua dolisit nihil nisi mors ejus M. Beaarum Choro Nimene irrupto ab arehangelo in festo uis Michaele Rapta Anno CDDCVI cum numerasset Annos XXII Hoc amaris ergo BM PA. Sir William Drury, who is mentioned in this inscription, had the honour of enter¬ taining Queen Elizabeth at his house at Hawstead in her progress in 1578, when he received the honour of knighthood. He married Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir William Stafford, of Gordon, knight, and was slain on the Continent in a duel with Sir John Borough, knight, a.d. 1589, and a noble monument by Nicholas Stone was erected to his memory in the chancel of Hawstead Church. Connected with the memory of Miss Drury there is a sad but interesting tradi¬ tion as to the cause of her death. It is affirmed that the young lady, being on a visit to her sister at Ashby during the hunting season (so runs the legend) felt an inclination to witness the sport, but not having been instructed in the art of horse¬ manship, she submitted to have her person fastened to the saddle by straps to prevent the consequences of being dismounted. The animal, however, was spirited, and perceiving his superiority over the lovely burthen which he bore, from her want of dexterity in the management of the reins, he became restive, and ultimately ran off with fury across the country, outstripping ASH B Y-CUM-FEN BY. 81)

all liis pursuers, and regardless of the impediments which were opposed to his progress, till at length, coming in contact with the branches of a tree the brains of the unfortunate young lady were dashed out, and the pro¬ mised enjoyments of the day were changed into mourning and lamentation. This tradition, like many others of a similar kind, has, however, little foundation to rest upon. In the parish is what is called the Nymph’s walk, and the fact of her monument being supported by greyhounds 'the arms of her father’s family) may have given birth to the above tradition. From another account she is said to have died of consumption, a much mote likely theory than the above. At the west end of the church lies an ancient effigy, in a good state of preser¬ vation, of a crusader in the mail armour of the time of Edward I., with a ponderous sword and shield. The font is also near the west end. It is octagonal placed ona clustered pedestal and panelled with quatrefoils in niches, near which is a curious ancient alms box used before the establishment of the Poor Laws for the purpose of collecting for the poor. It consists of a clustered column of stone, on the capital of which is a box surrounded with an inscription. The remains of the rood-screen have been placed between the tower and nave. In the steeple are three bells, on which are the following inscriptions respec¬ tively :— 1. Voco Vkm Precare John Whatley, Church¬ warden, 1725. 2. Gloria IN Ai.tissiMLS Deo. John Whatley, Church¬ warden, 1725. 3. Gloria in Altissimis Deo. 1699. M 90 ASHBY-CUM-FEXBV.

Iii 1553 there were here iij Grete Belles (vide Augmentation Office). Through the courtesy of the Rector, the Rev J. Garvey, M.A., I was shown the registers, and the same gentleman lias kindly furnished me with valuable information respecting his church and parish. The register commences in 1723, and from the following extract it seems that the earlier ones have been carelessly de¬ stroyed :— The register-book, which contained a terrerer of the list of charities belonging to this parish, also the entries relating to the ancient family of Wray, and that of Miss Susanna Drury, as far back as the reign of Charles I., were deprived of every leaf of parchment by the wife of a former churchwarden, by prostituting those sacred and valuable records to the preservation of certain savoury pies, while under the process of baking, to keep tile pies from being burnt at ye bottoms. In order to preserve the tombstone to Sir William Wray, which is a slab with a white border of marble, a letter is placed in the parish chest, which also records the following :— There was a precisely similar black slab with white border in the old church of St. Giles-in-the-Field, in memory of Sir Christopher Wray, of Ashby, knight, w ho died in 1645, the father of Sir William Wray, who is buried under the black slab in Ashby Church. Both father and son had, therefore, exactly the same kind of tombstone, and both ordered the same text to be re¬ corded on their tombs. A short distance north-east of the church is the site of the mansion of the Wrays, with a portion of the moat, and at the west side of the churchyard are a row of almshouses erected by Lady Frances Wray for six poor men and widows. . This village is pleasantly situated on the western side of tlie Wolds on the east side of the vale of the Ancholme. The parish contains about 2,085 acres of land, and the population is about 250. The place is of interest on account of three Roman pavements, which were dis¬ covered in the latter part of the last century. They are situated in a held near the ilall, about three-quarters of a mile north of the church, and are of a very beautiful character. They were first un¬ covered by the late Mr Fowler, of Winterlon, and by him drawn, engraved, and published. The design of the remain¬ ing portion of one of them is a spirited representation of a chariot race, with emblematical figures of a grotesque character. It is carefully preserved by the present occupier of the grounds. There can be little doubt that this was the residence of a military officer during the Roman occu¬ pation. Severed pavements have been discovered in this part of the county, and in all probability others remain as yet un¬ discovered. The Roman station Ad Abum would be only three or four miles distant, and from remains already discovered numerous Roman villas were built in the neighbourhood of the camp. It has been supposed that a Roman causeway passed through this village to Glandford Brisg, and on to , and from the many Roman coins found here and at the neighbouring village of Ferriby, it is more than probable. On the foreshore 92 HORKSTOW.

of tlie Humber, at the latter place, great quantities have been found, with fragments of cinerary urns, portions of buckles, and other relics. The coins are chiefly those of the Lower Empire, but occasionally those of the large bronze of earlier Emperors are found. A short time ago f was shown two line specimens of the middle brass, of unusual thickness, and in line preservation, one being a coin of Justinian, the obverse bearing the head of the Emperor, with the inscription IVJSTJN IAN. The reverse has a winged figure of Victor}7. The other bears on the obverse LINCINVS, and on its reverse an eagle, with the letters LA. . The earliest reliable record we have of Idorkstow is found in the Doomsday sur¬ vey, when the owner was Gilbert de Gaud.

Soke. In llorclietou (Horkstow) four carucates of land to be taxed ; land to seven plough-. Solce and in¬ land in ISarton. Gilbert has there one plough and a- half, and seven villanes and twenty sokemen with eight ploughs and a lialf. Horkstow .Hall is said to be the site of a monastery called Diamond Dale Priory, but no mention of it is made by Speed or Dugdale. It is now the property of Mr G. C. Help. It was formerly the residence of a family of the name of Darrell, and afterwards of the late Rear-Admiral Shirley. The Earl of Yarborough is lord of the manor and the ownerof a great part of the soil; the remainder belonging to the Heir, Cal t horp-Ben net f, and Elwes families. The living is in the patronage of the Earl of Yarborough, and the incum¬ bency of the Rev W. J. Wylie, M.A. HORKSTOW. 03

There is a school, built in 1858, by the lord of the manor. The church is an ancient structure, dedi¬ cated to >St. Maurice, and erected probably in the latter part of the twelfth century. It consists of nave, chancel, north and south aisles, north porch, and tower at the west end. The chancel is of a peculiar construction, being raised about twelve steps higher than the floor of the nave, which renders it a great eye-sore. It, is of comparatively modern date—a specimen of churchwardens’ taste of the debased period. The length of the nave is 45 feet by 42 feet, including the aisles ; and that of the chancel 36 feet by 15 feet. The nave is divided from the aisles by three bays, the arches resting on octagonal piers on the north side, and those on the south resting on three massive circular columns. A clerestory has been added, of compara¬ tively modern date. The church was partially restored in the year 1868, in memory of the late vicar, the Rev It. U. Moore, by being reseated with open pine benches. At the west end of the nave is a beautiful modern font. It is circular, resting on a column surrounded by eight marble pillars. Round the base is the following inscription :— In memory of lidith Mary, wife of A. D. Moore. Departed January 18tli, ls77. There area few monuments,among which is a mural marble, with the following inscription :— Starred to the memory of The I Ion Die Thomas Shirley, Rear-Admiral in Ilis Majesty's Nary, Son of Robert, 6th Earl of Ferrers and Viscount Tamworth, Of Staunton Harold, in the County of Leicester, Who, having passed the greater part of his life In the service of his country, Died 7th of April, 1814, Aged 8! years. 94 HORKSTOW.

Few men ever lived more beloved and esteemed, Or died more lamented. Others read as follows :— Sacred to the memory of JOHN TUFN'F.LL, l.ieuten uit-Colouel of ilis Majesty’s 63rd Regiment, and also a Magistrate and Deputy-l.ieutenant for this County, who departed this life IStli March, 1S3S, aged 03 years. Sacred to the memory of J. Carrol Hele, Esq,. Nephew of the late Mr TUKNEL, of iiorkstow Hall, lie departed this life in the 65th yeir of his age, at hi- residence, Shirley House, Cheltenham, Mar 13th, 1S64. In the tower are three bells, and a small pi test’s bell is hung in one of the belfry windows. The first bell lias Tudor badges, and three letters of the alphabet with the date 1578 reversed. The capital letters on the second and third bells are elegantly inset ibed. The capitals tire crowned, and are evidently pre-Reformation bells :— (1) M. J. 11. 8751 (2) Ave Gracia Plena (3) Ave Gracia Plena Domixus Tf.cum The Vicar, the Uev W. J. Wylie, M A, kindly furnished me with the following respecting the registers, the earliest entries in which date from the year 1562. The first entry of burial for that year is a sad and singular one :— Not* quod undecimo die Mavtii. Robert Bjtling suspendebat ze adquondem ao Cyqulo The peculiarity about the early entries is that i here are so many more of them than there are now, showing that the parish was then a much larger one. In 1562 there were 11 baptisms, 4 marriages, and 14 burials; in 1658 there were 21 burials ; in 1679, 17 burials ; in 1682, 15 burials, and often as many as 12 annually ; whereas now there are never more than 10, and in some years only two or three. HORKSTOW. 95

III the parish-book the entries concern¬ ing the poor of the parish are interesting. In the year 1834 there were 15 tenements, 13 in Horkstow and two in Barton, belong¬ ing to the parish for the use of the poor, and 37 poor. In 1835 the number was 72. Now there are only two receiving out-door relief, and none receiving in-door relief. KILLINGHOLME. The village nominally divided into North and South Killingholme is situated on the south bank of the river Humber, about 2j miles from Ulceby Station, on the Man- chester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Rail¬ way. The ancient owners of Ivillingholme, as mentioned in the Doomsday survey, are Earl Alan, Ivo Talbois, and Norman de Adreci. The entries on the subject are :— In Clielvingholine, Radolf Welgiim, Aschil Archil Sagrim, and Eruuise, the priest,had two carucates to he taxed and a half; land to six ploughs. Landrick, a vas¬ sal of the Earl’s, has now there two ploughs and eleven villanes, with one plough and one hundred acres of meadow; value in King Edward's time four pounds, now thirty shillings, tallaged at ten shillings. In the soke is one carucatc, and one oxgang, and two tofts. Odo, a vassal of Ivo’s, has there three ploughs, and four vil- lanes, and nineteen sokemen, with three ploughs and a half, a mill of three shillings, and two hundred and twelve acres of meadow ; value in King Edward’s time live pounds, now three pounds, tallaged at twelve shil¬ lings. Norman has there three ploughs and thirty-two sokemen, with three carucates of this land and one bordar, with three ploughs and two hundred acres of meadow; value in King Edward’s time five pounds, now- six, tallaged at forty shillings. By .whom the iordship was owned imme¬ diately after the survey I have not been able to ascertain ; but, from an inquisition taken in the 19th and 20th years of Edward I, A.D. 1293-4, it appeals that Hugo de Stanes, Walter de Hamby, and Henry de Lacy held lands and messuages in the lordship from the Abbot of Thorn¬ ton, and in the 18th year of Edward III. Thomas de Mounceaux was the owner of a considerable part of the lordship, the remainder being held by the Abbots of Thornton and Newhouse. At a later period we hud the names of Roger de Tliwayt, Henry Vavasour, and Edmund Gastryk, A [email protected]. 97

the latter in tlie 171h yeai- of Henry VI. (a.D. 1439) holding in Killingholme Manor four messuages, one croft, and 14 bovats, with four acres of pasture lands. This property was anciently called Midelsoyle.

In the early part of the 16th century, Henry Boothe married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of William Gastryk, of Midel¬ soyle, and the family of Bootlie was repre¬ sented during the period of the civil wars by William Boothe. He was made cap¬ tain in the trained bands, in accordance with the summons of the Lord-Lieutenant of the County, Lord Willoughby. This summons was issued by order of the Par¬ liament, and was very distasteful to Captain Boothe. They met at Caistor on the 8th of June, 164& Boothe took with him the King’s proclamation and read it to such of the soldiers as would listen to him, thereby endeavouring to dissuade many of the soldiers from showing their arms. He also ridiculed the small muster that had taken place at Lincoln a short time before, in obedience to the Lord Lieutenant’s summons, telling him in public that there was a brave appearance at Lincoln of some 15 or 16 men. For these offences he was disarmed in presence of his own soldiers and kept in confinement for two days. He afterwards served in the Itoyal army until the surrender of Newark, May, 1646, where he was among the prisoners. He was fined by the Commissioners £415. He returned his estate, in answer to their queries, at £100 per annum in possession, and £80 per annum in reversion, out of which issued for ever £l 7s 9d.

He did not live to see the Restoration. He was buried at Killingholme A.D. 1657. N 98 KILLINGHOLME.

There is nothing of importance in the village with the exception of the church and the old Manor House, which is situated a short distance north of the church. The mansion is partly surrounded by a moat, and is of the period of Henry VII. Near are some very ancient yew trees. The following description of the manor is from the pen of the late Rev J. By ron, late rector of the parish.

“ At Killingholme Manor, an old mansion of the period of Henry VII., are several ancient yew trees, by far the finest in this part of the country. Many have perished within the present century, but a remnant survive, recalling times and seasons that have long passed away One of these is especially worthy of notice on account of its large dimensions and venerable aspect. At the height of 3ft from the ground it has a circumference of 13|ft. it is a complete shell, and two persons can stand upright within it. The head is still green and flourishing, though it was hollow 120 years ago. It has clearly been planted since the moat was formed, and the writer believes moats were not used in Saxon times. Soon after the Norman Concpiest they became common, and, therefore, it is probable that the moat was dug and the trees were planted at its edge between the Conquest and the end of the eleventh century. If so, it beheld in its youth the oppression endured by Saxon serfs ground down by Norman nobles ; it saw the tali deer roving at wiil, whom the Conqueror ‘ loved as if he had been their father ;’ it heard the shouts of joy when Magna Charta was wrung from the hands of a foolish despot; its boughs may have furnished weapons in the hands of stout KILLINGH0L1IE. 99

yeomen wlio, with theirbowsof yew, won the bloody lields of Crecyand Agincourt; and heard the storm of discord rage between the rival houses of York and Lancaster. Gloomy may have plotted beneath its shade ; Plantagenets, Tudors, Stuarts have come and played their parts before it, and then—exeunt omnes—they are gone like mighty shadows.” Some have supposed this house was built on the site of an earlier edifice. Dr Stukeley in his “Itenarium’Tnakes mention of a great castle called Killinghoime. This may have been the site, although J noticed in a field between the church and South Killinghoime, which is, 1 think, called by the inhabitants lilow Field, marks of extensive foundations, with the evident remains of a deep moat cr earth¬ works for defence, probably in Norman times, if not at an earlier period, for in the parish are occasionally found Roman coins and fragments of pottery. The church is dedicated to St. Denis, and is situated at North Killinghoime. It consists of nave, chancel, north and south aisles, tower at the west end, and a low brick porch. The tower is lofty, and of good workmanship, with massivebuttresses at the west side. The lower part is of Norman date. There are belfry win¬ dows in each face of the tower at the same elevation. They are of two lights, with trefoiled heads, and the top finishes with a parapet and four crocketted pinnacles, with gargoyles. In the south face of the chancel is a low circular-headed door, one window of three lights, partly bricked up, and a window of two lights. At the east end are two small lancets. The north side had similar lights,now built up. The north aisle has three square-headed windows of 100 KILLIXGHOLME.

three lights, with trefoiled heads. The east window of this aisle has a decot ated window of four lights, and at the west end is one of three lights. The south aisle windows are of .a mean character. On this side is the entrance door, within a low brick porch. The old oak doors, very much decayed, yet hang on their hinges. On the north side opposite is a low- pointed doorway. The interior of the church is lofty, and of good dimensions,but needs and deserves thorough restoration. The present rector has altered things very greatly for thd comfort of those who worship here, having removed the old high unsightly pews and substituted chairs. The nave is separated from the aisles by four pointed arches on each side, resting on octagonal columns, over which is a clerestory of four windows on each side, winch have three lights each. There is no chancel-arch, but there are the entrances on each side of the chancel to t he rood-loft, and the remains of what has once been a tine rood screen. The font is a line example of the Norman period, being circular, and resting on dwarf columns. There is also part of a Norman piscina in the north aisle. The tower arch is of the same period. Three sets of plain semicircular mouldings rest on circular columns, the heads of which are orna¬ mented with the chevron pattern. The bottom stage of the tower has a window of two lights, with aquatrefoil at the top. In the floor of the middle aisle is a slab with the following inscription : — Here lvetli ye body of SAMVEL J.OUREN'CE, \vh > departed this life ve 8th 1617. In the floor of the chance! are two large monumei.tal stones, which have been FONT, Killingholme.

KILLINGHOLME. 101

judiciously removed from the nave during the recent alterations. On one is the figure of an ecclesiastic, with hands clasped. The other has a similar figure, which is much defaced, as is also the in¬ scription round the edge of each stone, hut the dates; of b>(h are discernible. One is dated 1421, the other 1430. Near the above are other siones, whose in¬ scriptions are entirely obliterated. In the tower are four bells, the in¬ scriptions on which are as follow : — (l) Venitk Exvltemvs Domino, i72.'>. O’) Gloria In ai.tissimls Deo, ]7S5. (3) Peuso.net hec cells dclcissimaGaberilis. (4) Campana Sancte Trinitas et Omi.nomSanctoucm. The fourth bell is one of the oldest in the county. It is from the foundry of John Potter, a Norwich founder, who lived in the latter part of the fourteenth century and beginning of the fifteenth, so that it has hung there nearly 500 years. Through the kindness of the rector, the HevW. Harris, H.A., 1 was permitted to examine the registers and churchwardens’ accounts. The registers commenced in 1564, and tire in fair condition and toler¬ ably perfect. The heading is as follows :— The Reg ester Boke of Killinghome, Yeyeareof Our Lorde God, Anno Domine 1564. Nomina Baptizimia. 1564, Nov. 12—Kattrina hornbie, daughter of Thomas horubie. Thomae T’oke, sone of Orajom Toke. Nomina Nuptorum, Anno Domini 1564. February—John Ask-xv et an—neale ye xxviij. daye, Anno Domini. May—Edward Hunter et Ellen Raystrike xx daye Sepultum, 1 64. December-Thomas Stoker, Sepultum fuit vj daye. Itobert Marisson, Sepultum fuit xxiii daye. In some years the mortality was, from some cause, as is the case with the neigh- 102 KILLINGHOLME.

bouring villages, very I■ igii. In tlie year 1591 there were 32 burials, when the average probably should not have been more than eight or ten. The churchwardens’ accounts contain some curious items. They are from the early part of (he last century. Among a list for I he year 1740, and headed “ The disbursements of John Ellerby, being ch.- wardens' accounsts in Killingholme Norili for the year 1740,-' are the following curious items :—

Spent when my lay was laid.. () 3 o A beam for the church . 0 4 0 Michelmrts Visitation. 0 f> U The presentment hill teeking.0 0 3 The presentment bill returning . .. 0 2 4 My own cli .rues at the visitation. () 2 0 Paid for the belles mending ...... 0 2 0 Paid for the ringers* feast. () 0 0 Fur the church door sneok mending.o 0 G One pound** and a half of caudles.0 G 0 One pint of oyle for the belles. 0 0 8 Paid to J«>hn Peart for the doges whipping. U 1 3 For the churchyard bunck buneking. 0 0 3 For my accounts writeing .0 3 4 For clioggsing. u 4 u CADNEY-CUM-HOWSHAM. “In Catenase (Oadney) and Usum (Howsham) Grinibold (Jrac bad five oxgangs of land and the third part of an oxgang to be taxed, land to as many oxen—six —with the Lord, have there three ploughs and a half, value in King Edward’s time sixty shillings, now forty shillings.1' Thus says the ancient record. No mention is made in the survey of either a church or priest, but there is little doubt that portions of the present church, if not in existence at that time, were built soon after that period. The village is situated on somewhat ele¬ vated ground about miles from Brigg and from Howsham Railway Station. Before the surrounding low lands were drained it formed an island, and was termed the Island of St. Chad or Cadney, forming part of the Bishopric of the Saxon Bishop of that name in the seventh century. About a mile and a half to the west, on the banks of the Ancholme, is the site of Newstead Priory, where now is a farmhouse. At the period of its founda¬ tion the site was a small island called Ruckholme, and was given by Henry II. to Gilbert de Semperingham, who founded a priory here for his mixed order of Gilbertines. It was called New- stede, and was dedicated to the Holy Trinity. At the dissolution its revenues were valued at £55 Is 8d, and the site granted to Mr Robert Henage. Only a small part of the building remains, which has been incorporated into the farmhouse, one room of which 101 CADNEY-CUM-HOWSHAM.I

appears to have been part of the chapter¬ house. The gateway of the chapel was removed to by the late Earl of Yarborough, who is owner of the farm, as also of the greater part of the parish of Cadney. The hamlet of Howsham is about two miles to the east of Cadney, pleasantly situated on rising ground. The present chapel-of-ease was erected in 1852 by public subscription. The Earl of Yar¬ borough is lord of the manor and patron of the living of Cadney. The church is an ancient structuie, de¬ dicated to All Saints, and has formerly been of greater extent. It consists of nave, south aisle, chancel, and a tower (at the west end), and south porch. The nave is separated from the south aisle by three circular arches of plain pattern, resting on massive circular columns. There have formerly been corresponding ones, and an aisle, on the north side ; but these are gone. The chancel arch is Early Pointed, and the chancel itself is of the Early English period. The east window is of three lights, of the lancet pattern. There are also four similar windows in the side walls, a priest’s doorway on the south side, and an Early English piscina. At the east end of the south aisle there has formerly been a chantry chapel, and a part of the old oak screen still remains—a fine specimen of rich carving, with part of an inscription, the letters of which are as sharp as if carved yesterday. The tower arch has been built up. The tower itself is of Norman origin. It formerly con¬ tained three bells, but two were sold (according to Mr North in his “Lincolnshire Bells”) in the latter CADNEY-CUM-HOWSHAM. 105

part of the last century for the repairs of the church. Beneath the tower arch is a Norman font. The church itself needs and deserves restoration. The present vicar has considerably improved the exterior. The church .contains no monu¬ ments of importance, but a flagstone in the floor of the nave bears the following Latin inscription :— Hie JACET CORPR ELIZABE T H PVF. UXOREM ItOBERTU PYE QVS SEPULTUS Fvit Vicesmio Qvinto Die Febvarai in Tricessimo Septimo Ktatis Ano Anno Domino 1699 CADNEY The Vicar (the Rev Edgar Brown) has kindly furnished me with some interesting particulars respecting the registers, &c. The registers of Cadney date from 1563. The early entries are written in very tine Old English characters. The tirst baptism for the above year is that of Elizabeth Smithe : the first burial that of William Wright; the first marriage that of Symeon Williams and Ellen Ticken. When we come to the year 1572, the writing is more modern, although the entries are in Latin. The names of Robinson, Bell, and Hill are among the very early names that frequently occur and are to be found iu the parish at the present time. Like many other places in the North of Lincolnshire, Cadney has evidently suffered from flague or famine, for in the years 1582 and 1584 an unusual number of funerals are registered, and the same fact applies to the years 1590 to 1592. One old book contains a list of collections made from time to time in the Parish Church, and shows the people of that day were not narrow in their sym¬ pathies. The dates of those collections are not always given. The first, dated July 3rd, 1663, was a collection for Kirton-in- Lindsey ; another, collected in the Parish o 106 CADNEY-CUM-HOWSHAM.

Church of Cadney for the repairs for Thrapstone Bridge in , realised two shillings and ninepence. Another entry records that “in 1664 for Sandwich, Kent, the summe of two shillings and sixpence ; gathered in the Parish Church of Cad¬ ney, for William Sandwell, mariner, of the county of Middlesex, the summe of two shillings and fivepence.” At the end of one register book is a record of ten shillings, left by William Taylor, of Bigby, to the poor of Cadney. At the end of the same book William Hare entered Clark for the year 1783. Joseph Moody did the like in 1814, with the text, “Let the meditations of my heart, and the words of my mouth, be always acceptable in Thy sight, O Lord, my strength and my Redeemer.” In the register are preserved two old deeds of parish apprenticeships, also the bill of a constable. From the terriers and archives, at Lin¬ coln, the names of some of the early vicars are preserved :— Magr. Benedictus de Oltby 1258—1288 (Presented by the Prior of Thornholme on the death of Wm., the last vicar). Robert de Bolton 1309 Henry Askby - John Warn de Bam burg 1350 Robt. Steeping 1444 Jno. Neve 1448 Jno. Plummer 1456 This vicar entered an action against the inhabitants of 11 ousara to repair the Chapel of St. Salvator there. The verdict was given in his favour. Vicars from the registers :— Francis Perry 1572 Jno. Trink 1581 Hen Weekley 1615 Isaac Faulkner 1664 Stephen Kaye 1674 H. Weekley, jun 1680 John Lee 1693 CADNEV-CUM-HOWSHAM.

George Holliwell 1729 Thomas Walkden 1744 John Empson 1786 John 1787 Samuel Turner 1832 Edgar Brown (1877) is the present Vicar. He was curate for 24 years before receiving the gift of the living. • /

BARNO LDBY-LE-BECK. Situated about five miles SSW from Grimsby, this parish contains 2,126 acres of land. Mr J. T. Drake is Lord of the Manor ; and the patron of the living,which is in the incumbency of the Rev H. McSwinney, M.A., is the . The village is secluded, and not of great extent, the population being about 200. At the period of the Norman survey the lordship was in full cultivation, and was given by the Conqueror to Earl Alan, dis¬ playing the singular instance of a small village with the unusual proportion of 200 acres of meadow land. In the reign of Henry JII. the heirs of John Phillipson held the manor, but in the succeeding reign the jury found that the advowson of the church was held by the Abbot of Beaufort in Normandy as part of the possessions of the priory of Ravendale, by the gift of Alan, Earl of Brittany. Although it appeared that the whole of this property had become vested in the Crown, as an escheat in the reign of Henry ill., the Abbot of Grimsby had an estate in the parish of the annual value of £10, which was tenanted by John ; and Galfrid de Scrope purchased of John de Wharton certain property in the village, and made a fine to King Edward II. for permission to have it conveyed to him and his heirs. It was accordingly held by him at his death, in the year 1341. From an inouisition taken in Henry YI.’s reign (1429), Richard de Atte Kirke, and Johanna, his wife, held, in the manor of Barnoldby, eight bovats of land called BARNOLDBY-LE-BECK. 109

Palmer-place, and in the 15th year of the same reign the prior of Mount Grace Priory had out of lands there a small annual payment. At a later period in the same reign Sir John leScrope, of Masliam, held the manor, and from the inquisitions succeeding it appears that the Scrope family field it down to the sixth year of Edward VL’s reign.

This Sir John le Scrope wrote himself of Mas flam, where he had a noble mansion, and in the reign of Henry Vi. was ti*st summoned to Parliament. In the sixth year of the same reign he obtained license from the King to travel beyond sea, and three years later was one of the ambassa¬ dors sent to treat with others from Scot¬ land “ touching satisfaction for such injuries as had been committed by the subjects of either realm against each other, contrary to the truce formerly made betwixt the kings of each country.” Whereupon he grew into sucli esteem with the King as that the next year lie was made Treasurer to tiie King’s Exchequer. His testament bore date “1st July, 29th of Henry the VI.” He bequeathed his body to be buried in a new tomb (made for himself, and Elizabeth, his wife) in the chapel of St. Stephen’s, com¬ monly called Scrope’s Chapel, within the cathedral church of St. Peter’s, at York, appointing that at his funeral “ his corpse should be carried by his sons and his ser¬ vants being then at his house, and that 24 poor men, clothed in white gowns and hoods, each of them having a new set of wooden beads, pioceeding before it, and that those poor men should stand, sit, or kneel in the aisle before the entrance to that chapei, saying their prayers as weil as the dirige at the mass, each of them for 110 BABNOLDBY-LE-BEOK.

iiis pains to liave sixpence.” He also willed that his corpse thus brought into this chapel should be laid upon his tomb and covered with a black woollen cloth with a large cross of white linen upon it; as also that “ two faire candlestics ” of silver gilt, with his arms upon them, which he had lately given to the high altar, should be placed upon his tomb,each of them having a taper of 4lb of wax burning for the whole time of his obsequies. To the altar of St. Mary’s Abbey he gave by the same testa¬ ment a jewel with a bone of St. Margaret and 40s for ringing their bells at his funeral. In the early part of the 16th century the family of Hewson had an estate here. Their names frequently occur in the parish register, and some of their memorials remain in tiie parish church. A family of the name of Bonser, who were related to the Hewsons, also resided here in the last century. Dr Oliver relates an anecdote of the former family, which was preserved among their family records, and which displays in striking colours the excess of fanatical zeal which prevailed in the early part of the 17th century, and inflamed some of the people at Barnoldby. One of the Hewsons, himself an orthodox Church¬ man, married in 1636 Susannah Cousens, who was a rigid disciple of George fox. The extent of the domestic peace which was the result of this union is not re¬ corded, but on her death-bed the lady not only rejected the proffered rights of the Church, but positively prohibited her friends from carrying her remains thither for interment, and to escape the pollu¬ tions of Popery and Prelacy which her heated imagination had connected with BABNOLDBY-LE-BECK. Ill

tlie sacred edifice, she directed that her body should be buried in the garden, a request which was punctually complied with. The church is a rectory, and is valued in “ King’s Book” at £4 13s 4d. In the un¬ happy reign of Charles 1. Anthony Hare- wood was the minister here. It appears that he was a staunch supporter of the King’s party, and was ejected from the living on three separate charges by the Earl of Manchester when the Independents gained the ascendancy—1st, for being absent from his cure, having fled to the King’s quarters for safety ; 2nd, for ad¬ herence to the King’s cause, and dissuad¬ ing his parishioners from joining the Parliamentary army ; and 3rd, for defend¬ ing the rites and ceremonies of the Church of England. A Puritan minister was sent there in his stead. The church stands on an eminence, and overlooks the village. It is dedicated to St. Helen, and consists of nave, chancel, north and south aisles, and a tower at the west end. The lower part of the tower is of the Early English period. The aisles are divided from the nave by four bays on each side, resting on clustered columns, over which is a fine clerestory, containing four windows on each side, of three lights each, trefoiled with triangular heads, and in fine preservation. The parapet is em¬ battled, and tall crocketted pinnacles spring from between each pair of windows. The tower is low, but it is crowned by a handsome battlement, with pinnacles crocketted and panelled with gargoyles at the angles. The dimensions of the in¬ terior are :—Nave, 36ft. long by 45ft. wide, including the aisles ; chancel, 27ft. long by 13ft. wide. The font is at the west end of BARNOLDBY-LE-BECK. 112

the north aisle, and is a fine specimen of the Early English period. It is circular, and round the bowl are a tier of circular arches interlaced. In the north aisle is an old blue flagstone, which has formerly had on it three brasses. These are gone, and the stone was appropriated at a later period to commemorate a person of the name of Draper. There is a piscina in the north aisle, and at the west end is a window containing some interesting remnants of ancient coloured glass. The design has evidently been the Crucifixion, with the women weeping at the Cross. The Rev Dr Oliver visited this church about 1830, and his account of it at that period is a proof to us of the destruction and sad havoc which has been the result of injudicious restoration. Since that period (I think in 183y) the fine old chancel has been destroyed, and a poor substitute built in its place. The fine lacunary roof is of extraordinary beauty, and in good preservation, the ceiling being divided into square panels by moulded cross beams ornamented at their intersections with knots of flower-work and other designs carved in oak, and in ihe nave the following inscription beautifully executed in relief:— Ihe Mabell Burgh Help Lady. In the ceiling of the north aisle a corre¬ sponding inscription :— Ihe Richard Burgh Lady Help The chancel at that period contained a beautiful double piscina, under pointed arches separated by a circular column. This fine roof, with its covering of lead, has been sold or destroyed, and a poor mean one substituted. The church is a most in¬ teresting one, and deserves a thorough

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restoration. In the tower are three bells, which have the following inscriptions :—

1st s t st st 2nd IESVS BE OVR SPED 3rd The same

Tli3 bell frame here, as also the oaken stee in the tower, are of great antiquity. In the church are several monuments. On a mural in the north aisle is carved: — In the vault Beneath lieth the Remains of Margaret, wife of Richard Nainby, of Barnoldby le Beck, and youngest daughter of William Simpson, of Newtown Willows in the County of York, She died Sep. 30, 1850, Aged 58 years. Sac to the memory of Charles Nainby, Esq., Who died Jan. 22, 1826, Aged 91 years. He was a descendant of Francis Nainby, Esq., of Elsham Hall, who was High Sheriff of Lincolnshire in 1578. Another to the memory of Richard Nainby, Esq., of Barnoldby le Beck, Who departed this life, April 3rd, 1863, in the 83rd year of his age. There are also a number of flagstones to the memory of various members of the Hewson, Bonser, and Lauerence families. The parish register dates from the year 1571. The entries for that year are the following:— 1571, Marriages. John Cooper and Anne Barnell were marryed the xv of Maye. Christenings. Edward Cogun, sone of Thomas, was christened the vij of August. Thomas Haliwell, sone of John, was christened ye xxiij of August. William Butler, sone of Allan, was christened ye ii of September, Robert Atkinson, sone of John, was christened ye xxiv of September. P 114 BARNOLDBY-LE-BECK..

Bcrills. - None. Churchwardens {

The registers are in English, and tolera¬ bly perfect. The church plate, according to an article published by the rector in the Parish Magazine for February, 1888, consists of a chalice and two patens. The chalice and one paten have the same marks—two shields with three crowns, one under the other, and a third shield between them, with the letters E.U. “This mark,” says Mr T. M. Fallow, of St. John’s College, Cambridge, in a letter to the Rector’s predecessor, the Rev G. M. Watkins, M.A., “ is very curious as an example of a Kingston-upon-Hull assay mark, 1G74. The three crowns are the arms of that town. The first mark was found at Hornsea, near Hull ; the chalice and paten have the same assay mark as the Beverley Minster Cup of 1666, a Hornsea chalice of the same date, and one at Kirkella, 1675.” The paten has the inscription on the bottom of its foot, which is partly unsoldered :—“ The gift of Tristam Suger, the servant of Jesus Christ, Anno. 1674.’ The bottom of the paten itself is engraved with a circlet of leaves, from which springs the foot. The other paten has the London hall mark for 1753, and on a shield a Lion courant, and a face crowned. On the back is the following inscription:—“Deo et Ecclessise de Barnoldby-le-Beck, Zachary Suger, rector, D.D., Dac, 1734.” Barnoldby-le-Beck has an interest in the Ashby houses. This charity is in the hands of eight trustees, and at present two of the inmates are from Barnoldby. HATCLIFFE.

Tliis place is situated in a most charm¬ ing and picturesque valley near the eastern edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds, six miles east of Caistor, and about eight miles distant from Grimsby. It is small and unimportant except in its agricultural character ; but many indications exist, in its lofty tumuli, of its antiquity, and as I looked upon some of the most gigantic of them, my thoughts went back to the time of our British forefathers, who doubtless raised these earthly memorials over the kistavens of their noble dead. 1 am not aware that any of these grave mounds have been opened in this parish ; but at Wold Newton, a few miles distant, in the year 1827, an article appeal ed in the Stamford Mercury, describing an ancient cemetery of considerable extent which had been discovered by some men digging for gravel. It consisted of a large tumulus containing an area of three or four acr es of land, on the summit of which is another of smaller dimensions, thrown up in a rectangular form, and covering little more than a rood. Within this tumulus more than twenty urns were found ar ranged in a right line, the whole length of the mound, placed on their bottoms, with their mouth upwards, and tilled with a quantity of black and greasy earth and cinerated bones. They were of various sizes and shapes, and placed about three feet from the surface in a bed of gr avel, at irregular- distances, some being close together, others 11C) HATCLIFFE.

three or four feet apart. Most of them were broken by the excavations, but three whole ones were preserved. The largest measured 9 inches in height, and 32f inches in circumference. They are all composed of coarse pottery, moulded by the hand, and baked in the sun, and decorated round the sides with rude carvings in lines and circles. No coins, weapons of war, or other implements were found with them. These urns ar6 con¬ jectured to be British, and to have con¬ tained the ashes of persons of consequence. The tumuli at Hatcliffe are probably of the same character, and as the Saxons who had possession of the place at a later period had mills here, these mounds would in all likelihood be utilised by them, on which to erect those mills. Not far from the church are the extensive foundations, clearly visible, on which in feudal times stood the castle of the Lords of Hatcliffe.

The earliest record of the place is in the doomsday survey, when the land was given by the Conqueror to Earl Alan. It is described as “ a soke in Waltham ” : — In Hadeelive is soke of 4 carucites of land to be taxed. Land to seven ploughs. Isine sokemen and nine bordars have there four ploughs and two mills of eight shillings and twenty acres of meadow. In all probability the Hatcliffes were the Lords of this Manor from a very early period, although by an inquisition taken in the 36th year of Edward lll.’s reign, Edward de Bohun was possessed of land and tenements here, and in the 40th year of the same reign John de Bohun was possessed of lands here, and held at the same inquiry the Manor of Waltham. In the 15th year of Henry YI. the Prior of Mount Grace was receiving per annum a payment of 6s 8d. At a later period, and HATCLIFFE. 117

for many generations, the Hatcliffes re¬ sided here as Lords of the Manor.

The land as present belongs various owners. It consists of 1,370 acres of land, and the present population is about 170 inhabitants

The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a small but neat structure. It consists of a nave, chancel, north chapel, and a tower. At the west end there lias formerly been an aisle on the north side. From present indication, the fabric is probably of the period of Henry III., or not later than Edward I. It was restored in 1862. The interior is seated with open benches, and the floor is paved with Minton tiles. The chancel is of the Early English style, both with respect to a tine early lancet arch, also a doorway which divides it from the north chapel and vestry. The tower is lofty, and of the same period. The south doorway is semi-circular, '['here has been a similar one on the north side, now built up, which has had a small early window over it. The east window is of three lights, filled with stained glass, the subject being the Ascension. The south window of the chancel, which is a single lancet, is a memorial window and the sub¬ ject the raising of the daughter of Jairus, with the text, “She is not dead but sleepelh.” Beneath which is a brass plate, with this inscription : —

To the glory of God and in affectionate remembrance of Mary Josephine, daughter of the Rev Thomas Massey, Rector of this parish, and Mary, his wife, who died On Tuesday, in Easter week, Apiil 10th, 1855, This window is dedicated by her godmother, Helen Spook. Jesu Mercy. 118 HATCLIFFE.

In the tower is a mural monument to the memory of The Rev Andrew James, Rector of Scartho, Ravendale, ami Thorganby, and for twenty-six years Officiating Minister of this Church, Who departed this life On the 4th of July, 1779, Aged 58 Years, and lies interred beneath the chancel. Another reads Sacred jTo the memory of Francis sowkrbv, Late of (irimsby, Who departed his life July 4th, 1839, In the 77th year of his age. Also Ann, \vi e of the above, Who died Oct. 25th, 1829, In the 67th year of her age. Dr Oliver, who visited this church in about 1828, speaks of several memorials of the Hatclifl'c family that then existed. Two of these stones are preserved in the tower. He says : — “In the chancel are three of these monu¬ ments, which transmit to posterity the names and bearings of the ancient lords of Hatcliffe, who were a family of conse¬ quence in this part of the country during the 15th and 16th centuries. The first stone on the north side of the chancel is thus inscribed :— Lyon, the thyrde sone of Wyllm Hateclye, Esqyer ; dyed the xxvi Apyrl, 1552.” This William Hatcliffe was an Alderman and Mayor of Grimsby in the year 1525, and represented the borough in Parlia¬ ment from that year to 1529. The adjoining slab has this inscription Here lyeth Johan IIaTTECI.yf, which dyed the xvi of Avgvst, 1549. The third is a broad Hat stone with the effigies of a knight and his lady, the latter lying on the left hand of her husband. HATCLIFFE. 119

The knight is clad in a complete suit of plate armour, with a sword dagger and collar about his neck. At his feet is a group of four children in a kneeling posture. At the lady’s feet is another group probably, but they are scarcely visible, being covered by the altar rails. Over the knight’s head is his shield— “ Quarterly 1 and 4 three quarterfoils 2 and 3 two bars, over all a lion rampant.” The coat placed over the lady’s head appears to be a barry of six. On this monument is neither date nor inscription. In the floor of the nave is the following fragment, engraven in the Lombardic character on a large slab much muti¬ lated : — Jey .:. ae .:. de .:. rna .:. alme ... a. Michi . :. Pillelnms . :. Rogerii...... (spous: Prie.) There are many broken pieces of in¬ scribed stones placed indiscriminately in the nave which were probably those of members of the Hatclifl'e family. I have been able to decipher the following :— . . . tclyff. ..ate pptier. . . . Dm mcccc. . . 10. [Two of the above stones are preserved in the tower.] The font is circular, and at least as old as any portion of the existing church. In the tower is one bell, on which are these letters :— AMTMARIA. In 1553, according to the returns, there were here three great bells. Of those only this one now remains. “It is a curious Ave Maria bell, with the letters misplaced, the letters a very boldly-formed gothic capitals,” says North’s “Bells.” The rector, the Rev T Pickup, M.A., very courteously and kindly showed me his church, and permitted me to see the registers. They commence in 1697, and 120 HATCLIFFE.

are on paper. The first entry is the follow¬ ing memorandum : — Memorandum that these following children of Robert Jacklin were not registered, there being no register book for the parish of Hatcliffe, but as the father affiims to me was born as follows :— Mary, the daughter of Robert and Hannah Jacklin, was born January ye 12, 1690, according to the compu¬ tation of the Church of England. Ellen, the daughter of the above, the 7th of July, 1694, according to the same computation. Richard, the son, May ye 6th, 1696. Thomas Heselden, Rector. Payments occur for a load of straw for several years. In the year 1810 there were no burials and no baptisms. In the year 1812 the rector put a new roof on the chancel, which cost £54. This most peculiar entry occurs under date 1816 :— In the year 1816 I put two brace of tench into the moat given me at Croxby by the Hon. C. Pelham. The Rectors of Hatcliff since 1697 are: — 1697.—Thomas Heselden. 1720.—Timotheus Fenton. 1724. —Benjamin Cooper. 1727.—Zachary Sugar. 1755.—Edmund Crofts. 1761.—Charles Fowler. 1800.—William Dealtry. 1800.—George Wilkins. 1840.—Thomas Massey. - Rev T. Pickup, M.A. (the present Rector). IRBY-ON-HUMBER.

This village is so-called to distinguish it from a village of the same name in the Marsh, although it is probably distant from that river at least seven miles as the crow flies. It is on the eastern declivity of the Wolds, on the road from Gaistor to Grimsby, and about midway between the two places. The name is of Danish or Norse origin, and the village was probably occupied by that people at an early period The account in the Doomsday survey reads thus :— In Ivibi, Rolf had three carucates of land and a-half to he taxed. Land to seven ploughs. Durrand has there two ploughs, and seventeen sokemen, and fifteen villanes, with four ploughs. There is a church and a priest, value in King Edward’s time forty shillings, now fifty, tallaged at thirty shillings. From this account the place was a prosperous village, and had the advantages of a church and a resident priest at that early period. Who were the landowners immediately after the survey I have not been able to ascertain, but in the 20th year of the reign of Edward L, Henry de Lacy appears as holding lands for the Abbot of Thornton, and in the 26th year of the same reign ft is recorded that Alexander Aunsell received a gift of one rood of land from John de Haburgh, for the enlargement of the cemetery. In the 29th year of the same reign we And that Petrus de Malo, or Malet, had lands and tenements in “Ireby,” the name again occurring in connection with the Lordship in the 6th year of Richard II.’s reign. This same family also held for some time the Manor of in the same county, Q 122 IRBY-ON-HUMBER.

and the names of its members frequently occur in the hundred rolls and in other ancient national records. The first Pro¬ testant minister of the parish was a John Malet. The foundations of their old hall may yet be traced at a spot not far from the church. A branch of the family of Holies also dwelt here in the 16th and 17th centuries, and their names

part of the reign of Henry VII[. This William Holies, afterwards Sir William Holies, was Lord Mayor of London in the 31st year of Henry VIII’s. reign. He kept his Mayoralty in a house near Gresham College. About two years after this he died. In October, 1542, lie married Elizabeth, daughterof John Scopeham, and by her he had three sons, Thomas,William, and Francis, and a daughter, Anne. The youngest son died without issue. Sir Thomas, the eldest of the family, was a son of misfortune, and by his improvi¬ dence, although his father left him a good estate, he spent it all, and finally died in prison. To his son William he left the Manor of Haughton, with other large estates in the counties of Lincoln, Not¬ tingham, and Middlesex. This Sir William was born in London, early in the reign of Henry VIII. He married Anne, eldest daughter and co-heir of John Dense!I, of Densell, in Cornwall. He lived at. Haughton for the space of 44 years, anti such was his honesty, humanity, and hospitality that he was usually styled “ the good Sir William Holies.” He was the wonder of the country by his settled house and constant hospi¬ tality. During the 12 days of Christmas lie gave away a fat ox every day, with sheep and other provisions. He died at Haughton on January 18th, 1590, aged 83. He had issue two sons, Sir Gervase Holies, the grandfather of the antiquary, and Denzil, the eldest son, who was botn in 1538 ; but he died before his father, and never came to possess the family seat at Haughton. He lived at Irby, where he spent the whole of his life. After his marriage he was employed in civil affairs, being in the Commission of the Peace for that county He was of a middle stature, 121 IRBY-ON-HTTMBEB.

but of a strong limb and broad shoulders. The hair of his head and beard was of a dark blown and his countenance was severe. He was “ of great spirit and, indeed a very stout and valiant man.” He died at Irby on April 22nd, 1590, nearly nine months previous to his father, being then about 52 years old, and was buried in the chancel of the church, under a grave¬ stone without inscription. His wife was Ann, sister to John, Lord Sheffield, by whom he had four sons and five daughters. William, the second son, died in his youth. Sir Georgy the third son, a brave soldier, died single in 1626, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Thomas, the fourth son, also a soldier, died in Holland in 1642. Frances married Sir Francis Cooke, of Trusley, co. Derby. Jane married Mr Thomas Saunderson, younger son of Sir Thomas Saunderson, Viscount Castleton. The other daughters died single. John Holies, the eldest son, was created Baron H'aughton of Haughton on July 9-14 by James I., and on November 2-22, by the same monarch, Earl of Clare. He was a great favourite at Court, but in the latter part of his life he lived a retired life at his house in Nottingham, called Clare Palace, where he died on October 5th, 1637, aged 73 years. In the church at Haughton are many memorials of the Holies family, the last in a direct line being John Holies, fourth Earl of Clare, who fell from his horse while hunting, and died on July 15th. He left an only daughter, Lady Henrietta Cavendish Holies, who married Edward, Lord Harly, son and heir of Robert, First Earl of Oxford, and of Eng¬ land. At the further end of the parish, near IRBY-ON-HUMBER. 125

the old road from Louth, are some curious and extensive earthworks, called by the people in the district ‘‘The Moats.” Whether these are Roman works or of an early British character there is no evi¬ dence to show. The old road that passes near it has been thought by some to bean ancient British track, anterior to the Roman occupation, as along its course is a series of entrenchments ar.d tumuli, although Roman coins have at various times been found on and near it. The moats are at the foot of an eminence called Welbeck Hill, which has been in¬ creased in its height by an artificial mound, and from which is an extensive prospect in every direction. The earth¬ work or fortification is surrounded by a deep fosse, with high embankments oneacn side, constructed with the greatest regu¬ larity, and with a perfect regard to the cardinal points of the compass. Its form is an oblong square, of the following dimensions :—Length within the ramparts, 440 feet ; oreadth, 186 feet ; height of bank,13 feet ; breadth of inner bank,13 feet ; breadth of outer one, 15 feet ; breadth of ditch, 30 feet. Part of this ditch is yet full of water. There is a tra¬ dition that this was the work of a great lord, who many years ago threw up these banks as tire site on which to build Iris mansion, but proceeded no further than the foundations. This is not a likely theory, as in all probability it was a military camp, and would afford accom¬ modation for at least a thousand men. As to the period to which it belongs, I leave that question to those better qualified to judge, but it is well worthy of a visit. To return to the village, in which the object most worthy of our attention is the church. It is dedicated to St. Andrew, 125 IRBY-ON-HUHBER.

and consists of a nave, north and south aisles, chancel, and towar at the west end. It lias undergone restorations, and had additions from time to time, and yet there is sutlicient left, especially in the interior, to show that it is of early foundation. As we have already seen from the account given in the Norman survey they had a church at that period, and probably some portions of the present church are anterior to that date. The north side, of the nave, with its circular¬ headed ornamented bays, resting on massive columns, is undoubtedly the oldest portion. The south aisle is likewise divided from the nave by two semicircular arches, but of a plainer style than those which divide the nave from the north aisle, and are probably of the 12th century. The chancel and tower are of about the middle of the loth century, and the tower is suppos'd to have been erected by a member of the Holies family. The church possesses a rather stunted appearance, from the shortness of the nave. Its intensions are : — Nave 24 feet long, 43 feet wide with the aisles; chancel 22 feet long by 15 feet wide. The chancel arch is of Early English style ; as is also the arch of the tower, which is lighted in its west face by a decorated window of three lights. Looking into the chancel are two hagioscopes or squints of a peculiar character. The entrance to the rood-loft, with four of the steps, also remains. The font at the west end of the nave is of the Early English period, and on each side, in the door, are two due old tombstones which have been sculptured with figures and inscriptions. The north aisle is lighted with a deco¬ rated window in the north wall of three lights, and is of a good character. There IRBY-ON-HUM BEE. 127

is also a two-light window attiie west end, and one at the east end of the same aisle of a similar character. The south-aisle is lighted by three square headed windows, one of three lights and the others of two lights each. There is a mural monument To the memory of Charles , Late of Bavnoldby-le-Beck, gent., n ho departed this life the 31st day of March, 1773, aged 80 years. The church was partially restored in 1794 by the present rector’s grandfather, the Rev George Holiwell, B.D., who a'so built the rectory, and who was rector of Irby for 40 years, rector of Swallow for 45 years, and of Riby for 45 years, besides holding other livings. A thorough re¬ storation has been made by the present rector, the Rev Walter Currer Holiwell, B.A, who is the seventh lineal descendant of a long and honourable line of fore¬ fathers who for a period of 300years, in an unbroken line from father to son, have de¬ voted their lives to the ministry of the Church of England. The cost of restora¬ tion and other incidental expenses amounted to nearly £1,000, independent of the rebuilding and furnishing of the chancel, the cost of which was defrayed by the rector. The interior of the church is of a comfortable and most beautiful character. It is decorated by a most taste¬ ful arrangement of texts of scripture and other devices, which are the handi¬ work of Mr and Mrs Holiwell, the latter giving what may be termed the church furniture. In the tower are three bells, having the following inscriptions :— 1. Sanitas Domino, W.S., 1664. 2. Fili Dei Vivi Miserere. Anno Domini 1579. 3. Thomas Borman, Churchwarden, 1768. 128 IRBY-ON-HUHBER.

The date of the registers is 1558, and they are in fair condition, containing some curious and interesting entries. With respect to the christenings the first of these ismadeon December 1st, 1560, and the last on the 25th September, 1785, and there is not an instance through the book of anyone bearing more than one Christian name. In 1750 the following instance of fructilitv occurs:— December 7th, 1750, David Guy, the 25th son of James and Elizabeth. Of the burials, the first of these is made on the 17th December, 1560, and the last on the 30th November, 1785. In a good many instances the age and the occupation of the deceased are given :— In 1581, William Skelton, clerk, was buried. It is quite possible that he was the rector prior to that period. In 1590, Densill Holies, Esq., was buried. In 1662, Thomas Langley, Rector. In 1667, Ralph West, Rector. In 1678, John Harrison, Rector. On ye 1st of Jany., 1759, four children, which were burnt in ye houses, were buried. In 1667 an entry of a burial in woolien occurs, and no others until 1678, from which year till 1719 nearly all the entries contain a statement of the fact that the burial was made in woollen, or an affidavit usually made by two persons before the minister. The entries relating to marriages com¬ mence on the 16th May, 1560, and termi¬ nate on the 19th December, 1785. There are many years without a wedding, and there is not any evidence that the Secu¬ larisation Act was carried out here during the Commonwealth. IRBY-ON-HUMBER. 129

The following additional particularsliave been furnished me by the lector :— The Harleian collection of manuscripts in the British Museum includes a volume of 349 pages, written by Gervase Holies, some time member of Parliament for Great Grimsby, and a colonel in the ser¬ vice of King Charles II.,entitled “Alarge folio containing the antiquities of the county of Lincoln, particularly the inscrip¬ tions on the tombs in the several parishes throughout the county, together with the coats of arms of the gentry painted,” wherein at page 75 the parish church of Irby is referred to as having windows con¬ taining coats of arms, four being mentioned as “ in ye east window, 3 in a south win¬ dow, 3 in ye next, 4 in ye next, and 4 in a north window,” and the following is stated to be in the church on a force argent and table, and arm and hand hold¬ ing a holly bush, “Ye crest of Denzill Holies.” This motto over the arms, “Esperance aid to Hardy,” and it isadded that there are in almost every window of the church, “Ye arms of Hoiiys, some¬ times alone, sometimes quartered with other coats, and sometimes empaled with (Sheffield, Sa a bend, between two talbotts passant argent, argent, a chevron between three garbes gules.” The following inscription is carved on a gravestone : — Of your charity pray for the soule of John Godricke, priest, late parson of this church, on whose soule Jesu have mercy. VlVENTES IN CARNE ORATE I>RO DEFUNCTIS QUID MORIEMINI. It is further remarked that In ye chancell of ye church lyes buried under a playne stone, without any inscription, the bodye of Denial Hollys, Esij., eldest son of sir William Holies, of Haughton, in the County of Nottingham, knight, who by his wife Eleanor, daughter to Edmund, I.onl Sheffield, slayne by ye Norfolke rebels in Kett's R 130 IBBY-ON-HUMBER.

rebellion, had issue John, the first of that name, Earl of Clare: William, who dyed a youth ; Sir George Holies, knight, and Thomas Holies, who was Lieu¬ tenant-Colonel to the Lord Vet e’s regiment in ye Nether¬ lands ; Frances, wife of Thomas Sanderson, of Lincoln’s Inn, Esq. ; and others which dyed unmarried. Sir George Holies, knight, and Thomas Holies, Lieut.-Colonel, both famous soldiers in ye Netherlands warres, and born here, were the principall honour's of this place, viz., Irby. Sir George Holies lyes buried in Westminster Abbey, in the chapel of St. John the Evangelist, by the side of his uncle, Sir Francis Vere, where monuments are erected to their memories of a stately character. The following particulars of the Malet family, who formerly dwelt at Irby, are taken from the Latisdowne coll, of MSS. in the British Museum :— IRBY. In Kcolia Parochillis de Irby hec super lapidem inscripto hie jacet Johes Malet qui obit MCCC et Elian'ORA, uxor sua quonam aiabus ppiliatur DEUS. Amen. Alius lapis in eadni Ecclia Hie jacet Johes Malet et Agnes uxor ejus. In fenestris eujusdem Ecclise hie insignia 8 shields D’Arcy, Rydford, Malet, &c. Extracted from the Lansdowne MSS (British Museum) number 207 folio, volume I, of the collections of Gervase Holies, also in Wood’s Athens Oxon., II volume, 781, occurs this note :— 1493. Johes Malet, de Irby generosus, presentat Jacobum Malet, clericum ad ecclesiam de Irby predict in dioc Line, vac per most dni WILLELIMI Tyndall, dat 21 April, 1493. Anlogn in Key Buckden Rennet. The Vicar has preserved fragments of the old church and tastefully arranged them in the grounds of the Rectory ; and many curious relics of the past are pre¬ served and treasured by him, notably four very ancient church keys belonging to Irby and churches in the neighbourhood where his ancestors have ministered. .

The market town of Tattershall is situated near the confluence of the Rivers Bane and Witham, about 12 miles from Boston, and about 20 miles from the City of Lincoln. It is a place of antiquity, supposed by antiquaries to have been the Durobrivis of the Romans, and to have been used by them as a summer military station. At the park, about I3 miles north of the place, are the remains of a Roman military camp.

At the Norman Conquest the Lordship of Tattershall, with several other estates, were given to Eudo, who settled here, and was succeeded in the estate by his son, Hugh Fitz Eudo. This baron founded an abbey for Cistercian monks at Kirkstead, which manor also belonged to him. He endowed the new foundation with the whole of the manor of Kirkstead. Hugh was followed by his son Robert, and he by Phillip Fitz Eudo, who in the seventh year of the reign of Richard I. was Sheriff of Berkshire, and also of the County of Lincoln in the eighth, ninth, and tenth years of the same reign. Phillip was succeeded by his son Robert, who by presenting King John with a fair and well-managed [goshawk, obtained from him, in the year 1201, a grant to hold a weekly market at his manor of Tattershall. He was succeeded by his son Robert, who in 1231, obtained a license from Henry III. to build a castle at Tattershall. Free warren was also granted to him by the 182 TATTEBSHALL.

same King. He was succeeded in regular descent by Robert the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh, the last of whom dying in, his minority, the male line ofEudo became extinct. The, inheritance was divided between the three sisters of the last Robert, one of whom, named Joan, had Tattershall for her portion. She became the wife of Sir Robert , and their (laughter and heiress married Sir William Remake, whose son and heir, John, was father of William, who, dying a minor, left Ins sister Maud, the wife of Sir Ralph Cromwell, his heiress.

Ralph de Cromwell thus became lord of the manor of Tattershall, in right of his wife, and served in Parliament 23 years, from the last years of Edward 11 IPs reign, and then died, leaving his son Ralph his heir. Ralph was succeeded by a son named Ralph also, who was made Treasurer of the Exchequer by Henry VI., in the eleventh year of his reign, and Master of the King’s Horses and Falcons in the fourteenth year of the same reign. He married Margaret, sister and co heir of William, Lord de Ein- court, in the twenty-third year of Henry VI. He had grants to himself and heirs of the ollice of constable and steward of Nottingham Castle, and warden of the Forest of Sherwood, to be held by fealty only for all services, and having been summoned lo Parliament from the first year of Henry IV.'s leign to the thirty- third of Henry VI.’s reign, died in 1455. By his will bearing date the same year he directed his body to be buried in the Collegiate Church of Tattershall, until the whole fabric should be re-built, and then to be removed into the midst of the choit, directing after his death that TATTERSHALL. 133

three thousand masses should be said for his soul, and appointing for 11is executors William of Wain flee te, Bishop of Win¬ chester, Sir John Fortescue, Knight, and John Portington, one of the Justices of the Common Pleas. Dying without issue, his two nieces, Matilda and Joan, became co-heiresses. They were both buried in Tattershall Church.

Henry VII. granted the mancr to Margaret, Countess of Richmond, and in the following year entailed it on the Duke of Richmond, who dying without issue, Henry VIII. granted it to Charles, Duke of Suffolk. Edward VI. granted the lordship, with the castle, etc., in fee, to Edward, Lord Clinton, who was created Earl of Lincoln by Elizabeth. He died in 1584, and he was succeeded by his heirs male until the iast one, Edward, dying at Tattershall without issue in 1G92, the estate became the property of his cousin Bridget, who married Hugh Fortescue, Esquire. Their son was created Baron Fortescue and Earl Clinton m 1746. The manor is still the property of .

The town is well built and contains some gootl houses. In the centre is a spacious market-place, and a cross, on which is sculptured the arms of Cromwell and Tateshall and of Eincourt. On the east side of the market-place is a building of considerable antiquity, now used as a warehouse or malt-kiln. The walls are of great thickness, and the place is supposed to have been originally a church. About two hundred yards south of the market¬ place are situated the fine Collegiate Church and the ruins of its once noble castle. 134 TATTERSHALL.

The church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, is a noble stone structure in the cruciform shape, consisting of nave, aisles, north and south transepts, chancel, north and south porches, and tower at the west end. There have been cloisters on the south side of the chancel, but these have been demolished. The tower is supported by buttresses, having six breaks reaching to the base of its embattled parapet, and angle pinnacles. Its base is enriched with a band of pannelled worth, containing blank shields, and has a square-headed doorway in its western face. Above this is a five light window, a small one, and finally belfry lights in its upper stage. Over the east window of the chancel is a statue niche, and over the north porch is another niche. In the window over both porc.ies there once, according to Holies, appeared this legend :—“Orate pro anima liadulphi, nuper domin') de Cromwell et Tateshall Thesaurii Anglie et Fundatoris Nujus Collegii.

The interior is spacious and lofty, and the fine nave, entirely without any seating, is striking from this unusual circumstance. It consists of six bays, the arcades of which are supported by slender pillars, springing from high bases and having oc¬ tagonal caps. The roof, above a fine clerestory, is of a low pitch, and carried by principals springing from brackets, sup plemented by little projecting features sup¬ porting the outer members of the princi¬ pals. In both transepts are piscina? show¬ ing these once served as chapels. The northern one was enriched by Edward Hevyn, the agent of Margaret, Countess of Richmond, when she was in possession of the manor of Tattershall, from (he evi¬ dence of “ a fair marble within it,” when TATTERSHALL. 135

Holies visited this church in 1642, which bore the following epitaph :— Have mercy on ye soule, good Lord, we thee pray of Edward Hevyn, laid here in sepulture, Which, to their honour, this chanell did array With ceiling, deske, perclose, portrayture, And pavement of marble, long to endure. Servant of late to the Excellent Princesse, Mother of King Henry, of Richmond Countesse. At the base of the pulpit is some rich old carved work, and on some of its panels have been incriptions, now obliterated. The stone screen was the gift of Robert de Whalley, who was buried beneath its arch¬ way, according to the wording of his epitapli, as recorded by Holies, viz.:— Orate pro anirna Roberti de Whalley—hujus Collegii qui hoc opus peri fecit, Anno Domini, MCCCCCXXVIII, ejus anime propicietur Deus. Amen. The fine stall work seems to have been the special gift of another benefactor, for on its lower end was this inscription :— Ad honorem et Gloriam dei Optimi maximi, et decorem domus ejus hoc opus factum est, Anno Domini MCCCCCXXIV. The chancel is neatly seated, and in the south wall are thirteen stalls and a piscina and aumbry. The windows of this church were ori¬ ginally filled with beautiful stained glass representing sacred subjects and figures of saints, supplemented by many shields of arms borne by the Cromwell and other families. The greater part of this glass was presented in 1754 by Lord Fortescue to the Earl of Exeter, to decorate St. Martin’s Church, Stamford. From the loss of these the church suffered much, as the windows were for a consider¬ able time, through neglect, left unglazed. The remains of the old glass have, how¬ ever, been collected together and placed in the east window. The church contains some fine brasses, although they have suffered considerably 136 TATTERSHALL.

by mutilation. We notice first lliat of Ralph, third Baron Cromwell, which originally must have been a fine work of art. It consists of a large slab, bearing the full-length effigies of Lord Crom¬ well and Margaret, his wife, engraved in brass upon it, beneath a canopy, the piers of which were enriched with niches filled with figures of saints. Now it lias lost the canopy, also the head of the noble¬ man and the whole effigy of his wife, and only portions of the piers remain. Lord Cromwell is represented in the attitude of prayer, with two barbarians below his feet holding clubs. He is clothed in the armour of the period, consisting of a plain cuirass, a very short skirt of taces, to the lower edge of which are strapped a pair of tuiles protecting the upper part of the thighs, and pendant over the cuisses genouilheres, fastened on by bands of mail on the hands, being cuffed-gauntlets of overlapping plates, with little scales protecting eacli finger separately. In the front is the sword, hanging from the waist by a strap. On the remaining portion of the canopy pier on the right is the figure of St. Peter in a cope, wearing the 'purple tiara, a key in his left hand, and a patriarchal crosier in the other, with a canopied niche; and in another above is a figure of St. Maurice, in armour of the fifteenth century, in his right hand a halbert, and in his left a sword. Corresponding with these, on the left is a figure of St. George in similar armour thrusting his lance into a dragon’s mouth. Above is the figure of St. Cornelius, holding a bannered spear in his left hand, and his swrord in the other. Below is this inscription :—

Hie jacet nobilis Baro Radulphus Cromwell, miles dus de CROMWELLquondam Thessaurius Angliae et fundator hujus Cellegii, cum inclita consorte Sua TATTERSHALL. 137

Margarf.ta una lierede dni Dayncourt qui quiilm Radulphus obit quarto die mens JaNUARH ano duo niillo CCCC et p dicta Margaretta obit XV die Septebr anno dni millo CCCC quor iiab ppileui DECS. Amen. There is also a sepulchral brass of Maude Willoughby d’Ercsby. She was the daughter of Sir Richard Stanhope, of Hampton, County Notts, and Maude, his wife, sister of Ralph, third Baron Crom¬ well. She married (1) Roberr, Lord Willoughby d’Eresby, who was a dis¬ tinguished commander at the battle of Agincourt; (2) Sir Thomas Nevil, third son of Richard, tirst Earl of Salisbury, who was killed at the battle of Wakefield, 1460; and (3) Sir Gervase Ciifton, who was killed at the battle of Tewkesbury, 1471. She died in 1491. Her gravestone consists of a fine slab of Purbeck marble, in which her effigy, engraved on brass, is inserted, representing her as she appeared in life. The effigy is represented within a border enriched with figures of saints. At her feet is a little dog, and she wears the heart-shaped head-diess and veil, the kirtle and mantle, of her time. Below is tii* following epitaph :—

Hie jacet dna Matilda nuper dni WiLLUGHBV quondom uxor Roberti dni de WiLLUGHBV militia et consanguinea et heres illustris dni Radulphinup dni Cromwell militis jundatoiis migus Collegii ac specilis benefactrix ejusdem Collegii que obill xxx die Aug Anno Domini CCCCLXXXXVI1 ejus anime p picietur ompns Deus. Amen. Here is also a brass of Joan Stanhope, Lady Cromwell, who married two distin¬ guished personages—Sir Humphrey Bou- chier, third son of the , who became fourth Lord Cromwell in her right and was killed at the battle of Barnet in 1471 ; and Sir Robert Ratcliffe, who died in 1485. She died in 1479. Her por¬ traiture in brass represents her in the attitude of prayer, and splendidly attired, s 138 TATTERSHALL.

Her liair flows freely over her shoulders, and she has a jewelled bandeau across her forehead. She wears a magnificent neck¬ lace and a ring on each of her little Angers. The bodice is trimmed with er¬ mine, and the skirt of her kirtie is edged with a border of miniver. Over this is a mantle, having a border of jewelled work above, and fastened across the breast by cords, springing from oval ornaments, edged with pearls. Over this effigy is a canopy of engraved brass, enriched on each side with the figures of saints. Below runs this legend :—

OrattS p aia Johanne due Cromwell que obilt decimo die martii Anno dni millmo CCCCIXXIX cui ais p piciet Deus. Amen.

There are three brasses of ecclesiastics remaining in Tattershall Church, two of which commemorate the first and second provosts, and the third one of its chap¬ lains. The finest of these is that of Pro¬ vost Ward#, the first appointed. It is life-size, with the hands raised in prayer, the effigy wearing the low round cap worn by doctors and professors of the time on its head. The robe is a cassock with fur cuffs, with a fur tippet, the ends of which hang down in front, and a large sleeved surplice. Over these is a magnificent cope, fastened across the breast by a large square morse, on which is engraved the upper part of the Saviour, nimbed and rayed, vested in a cope, and stretching out his hands. On the edges of this cope are rich borders, displaying figures of the Apostles. St. Peter with key and book, St. Andrew with his saltire cross,

The sepulchral brass of Provost Moor is worthy of note. He was second Provost of this college, and his slab bears an effigy TATTERSHALL. 139

in brass representing him in priest’s vest¬ ments: Below is this legend .— Hie rirlute livens Wills vulgo vocatus Moor Micuit more milis bure morigerats Huj Collegii de Tateshall secundus Trudens p positus et egenis semp habundus Uic Eborsencis juil ecclie cathedralis Canonicus rector et de Eeadenham specialis Sacre scripture baccalaurius arte p bates lam sub tellure HI vermibus esca pazatus Octobsis dena mensis cu luce novena Rente jreu morit cujus corpus sepelitur Mil oni c quater 1 sexto continuat jp us in celis ejus sine line locatur. The brass of William Simpson, chaplain to Edward Hevyn (as we learn by his epitaph), accompanies the above. His effigy resembles that of William Moor, ex¬ cept that the alb is shorter, which exposes his feet to view. The inscription is on another plate, and runs thus : — Hie jacet ons Wii.ei.mus Svmso.n, capellanus EdwaRDI Hevyn, qui obiit vo die men Septvmberis ao oni MCCCCCXIX cui ai be. A short distance west of the church are the remains of the once noble castle, which was erected by the Lord Treasurer Crom¬ well between the years 1433 and 1455. William of Worcester says he expended on the principal and other towers of Tat- tersliall Castle above four hundred marks. His household there consisted of one hundred persons, and his suite when he rode to London commonly included one hundred and twenty horsemen. His annual expenditure was about £5,000. The castle was formerly surrounded by two fosses, the outer one formed of earth, and the inner one faced with brick. A great part of the latter yet remains. It was originally in¬ tended as a place of defence, and has been of great extent, but was much damaged in the Civil Wars, for which Theophilus, fourth Earl of Lincoln, petitioned the Parliament in 1649. The part now remain¬ ing is a rectangular brick tower, of 140 TATTEBSHALL.

exquisite workmanship, and about 150 feet in height, divided into four storeys, and Hanked by four octagonal turrets. It is raised on ponderous groined arches, forming spacious vaults, which extend through the angles of til* building into the bases of the turrets. The walls are of great thickness, particularly that on the east side, in which are several galleries and narrow rooms arched in a curious manner. Through these communication was obtained with the principal apartments in the several storeys from the great stairs in the south-east turret. The windows are pointed, and contain tracery. Those on the south, west, and north sides are large, and from them the principal apartments receive light. Those on the east side are smaller, being designed to give light only to the rooms and galleries on the wall. On the ground floor is a tine embattled chimney-piece, containing shields on which are the arms of Taleshall, Cromwell, Marmion, d'Eyncourt, and others. Above this in the next storey is also another, beautifully ornamented. These have been engraved in old England. The other rooms have also stone chimney-pieces, but of an inferior character.

The main walls were carried to the top of the fourth storey, where the tower was covered by a grand platform or flat roof, which, as well as the several floors, is entirely destroyed. Here the tower is enclosedby a very capacious machicolation, an opening in the floor of a parapet or gallery, for convenience of defence, upon which and part of the main walls is a parapet of great thickness, with arches, which were intended to protect the persons employed over the machicolations. Upon TATTERSHALL. 141

these arches is a second platform and para¬ pet, with embrasures, above which the turrets rise to a considerable height. They are embattled, and were terminated by cones covered with lead, one of which only re¬ mains. From the top of the south-east turret one obtains a vary extensive view of the surrounding country. The castle and its surroundings are much frequented in the summer time by excursion parties from Boston, Lincoln, itc. .

This is a village situated in the middle Marsh, about four miles E. by N. of Louth, with a population of about 250, and an acreage of 1,880 acres. The soil is owned by the family of Scrope, who are also the Lords of the Manor. This place was anciently the head of the Barony of Scoteni. At the time of the survey the Manor was held by various owners, the Bishops of Durham and Baieux, Coisuain, Edric, &c. There was also a mill, and the lar.cl was evidently in full cultivation ; but there is no mention of a church at thatperiod. Evi¬ dently soon after the Conquest itcame into the possession of the Barons of Scoteni, from an inquisition taken in the reign of Henry III., 1246. Thomas de Scotney held the Manor of Cockerington, but in the following reign (Edward I.) it was held by Elias de Ratayn, and in Edward II.’s reign William Vavasour held the manor. In Edward III.’s reign the abbot and convent of Louth Park Abbey had here 38 acres of land. The Vavasours appear to have been the principal owners of the land down to the reign of Henry VI., but in 1476 Richard and Robert Wells were the joint owners of the manor, which after¬ wards became the property of the Scropes, to which family it still belongs. To the above Richard and Robert Wells, Dugdale thus refers:—“In 1470, Richard Eeyill, the stout , raising an army in Lincolnshire on the behalf of SOUTH COCKERINGTON. 143

tlie Lancastarians, whereof lie made Sir Robert Wells a stout and valiant com¬ mander. The said Sir Robert therewith drove Sir Thomas Burgh, a knight of the King’s House, out of this country, pulled down his dwelling-place, took all his goods and catel, and with thirty thousand of the Commons cryed ‘King Henry!’of which insurrection, when King Edward heard tidings, he sent presently for the father of Sir Robert Wells, who endeavoured to avoid the journey, under pretence of infirmity ; but, seeing that would not do, he went, taking with him Sir Thomas Dymoke, Kt., who had married his sister, but having intelligence that the King was much incensed against him fled for sanctuary at Westminster.

“The King, hoping to suppress this tumultuous rising without blows, sent for him out of sanctuary upon promises of safety, and required him to command his son to laydown his arms, yet in the mean¬ time marched towards Lincolnshire with what forces he had in readiness, taking with him this Richard Lord Wells and Sir Thomas Dymock- When they came within two days’ march of Stamford, where his adversaries were, and under¬ stood that Sir Robert Wells did not obey the command of his father, which he had received by letter, he grew so much en¬ raged that, contrary to his promise given, he caused the heads of this Richard and Sir Thomas Dymock to be cut ofl’, of which, as soon as Sir Robert had notice, he marched to the next village, stand¬ ing awhile doubtful whether he should tight until the Earl of Warwick came up with his forces, considering the King did outnumber him, but at length taking- courage he put his men in array and 144 SOUTH COCKERINGTON.

fought stoutly for some hours, till many of them forsaking him lie was taken prisoner, and thereupon with his brother Dymock beheaded. At the time of their deaths Cockerington and 44 other of their manors in Lincolnshire reverted to the Crown, but the sister of this Sir Robert, who married Richard Hastings, who, being such a great favourite of King Edward, succeeded in obtaining livery of all the lands and castles held by her brother and father, and which by right ought to have descended to her, as the heir without any writ of diem clausit extremum. The attainder being set aside, she was allowed the whole of the estates.”

The church is dedicated to St. Leonard, and consists of a nave, chancel, north porch, and a tower. At the west end it is built of red sandstone, and is of the per pendicular period, except two windows of a decorated character in the south wall of the chancel. The remaining win¬ dows are of the flat headed type, common in the middle of the fifteenth century. They are of three lights each, with the exception of two in the chancel, of two lights. The chancei arch is modern, as also is the porch, the church having been carefully restored a few years since. The nave is seated with open seats. On the east of the north doorway are the remains of a stoup. The doorway on the south is walled up. The font is octagonal. Parc of the old rood screen, finely carved, remains in the tower. The dimensions of the nave are :—Length, 49ft. by 21 ; chancel, 24 by 18. When Gervase Holies visited this church about 1640, he, after giving a description of the monuments, gives us an account of some memorials of the Howton family then remaining in the SOUTH COOKERINGTON. 145

windows of the church. In the south window is this legend :— Johis Howton et Agnetis uxor et Edmundi Howton. In the north window another runs as follows:— Howton et Alice uxis dni Will Howton In another:— Dni Nicolia Howton, 1519. In the glass their pictures and their wives and some children, two of the men having black tippets about their necks set with crosses. Thomas Hopktnson, i Robertus Raynold, tin a north window. Johes Wren. }) Quarterly France and England. The tower contains three bells, with these inscriptions:— 1. Gervase Scrope, Ess. Thos. Wilkinson, Vicar. 1726. 2. Adrian Birch. Dan Hedderley cast me in 1726. 3. Tyine Tryeth the Trveth. 1626. But the principal object of interest in this church is the fine monument of Sir Adrian Scrope, at the east end of the nave, on the south side. This consists of an altar tomb of alabaster, surmounted by a knight in armour. On the front of the base are two panels, one having the figures of Sir Adrian Scrope and his five sons kneeling before a desk. Over them is this legend :—“Similis in prole resurgo,” on a label. Of the sons, two are habited as officers and the others as civi¬ lians. On the other panei is a representa¬ tion of the Knight’s two daughters, over which is the legend, “ Pares et impares.” The effigy above represents Sir Adrian in a reclining posture, resting upon his elbow, with one hand on his breast and the other touching the liilt of his sword.

T 14(> SOUTH COCKERINGTOH.

He is arrayed in armour, over which is a military scarf. His features are grave and comely, and lie lias a small beard, cut square. His helmet is behind him, and his gauntlets are in front; and at his feet is his crest—a coronet surmounted by a plume of feathers. The grandson of the foregoing, Sir Adrian Scrope, K.B., was the eldest son of Sir Jervase Scrope, of Cockerington, High Sheriff of the county in 1634. He was educated at Oxford, and on the breaking out of the civil war between Charles I. and his Parliament lie most loyally took the part of the King, and out of regard for the Earl oi Lindsey raised a company of foot, and placed himself and his son Adrian under the command of that distinguished nobleman, when, with his Lincolnshire regiment, he joined the Royal army as one of its principal com¬ manders. At the battle of Edge Hill, - fought on Sunday, October 23rd, 1642, he received 16 wounds, was stripped, and left among the slain, where he lay from three o’clock in the afternoon of Sunday until the, following Tuesday evening, in¬ debted for his life to the cold of the first night, which had served to staunch his bleeding. He was discovered by his son Adrian still alive, who had him removed to Oxford, where, being attended to by the immortal Dr William Harvey, herecovered. Sir Adrian adhered to King Charles, and fought in subsequent battles during the wars. It is said that he himself was at one time wounded in 19 places, but he lived to see the restoration of Charles II., for at his coronation hewas made a Knight of the Bath. Sir Carr Scrope, the poet, was the son this Sir Adrian, and was seated at SOUTH COCKERINCiTON. 147

Cockerington. He became a gentleman- conimoinr of Wadliam College, Oxford, in 1664, and on January 16tli, 1666, was created a baronet. He translated into English the epistle of Sappho to Phaon. Some or his poems have been published in the Miscellany of Poetry. His works were chiefly of a satirical kind. He died in the parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields in November, 1680.

Of this branch of the noble family of Scrope was probably Adrian Scrope, of Wormsley, in Oxfordshire, who was some * time a gentleman-commoner of Hart Hall, and afterwards a noted Puritan, which made him take up arms for the Parliament in the beginning of the rebellion, and, after being acaptain, he was made a colonel in a regiment of horse. When King Charles was tried for his life, he sat as one" of his judges, and afterwards signed the death-warrant of the King. After the restoration of Charles II. he was met by Sir .Richard Browne, Lord Mayor of Lon¬ don, in the Speaker’s chamber, where he probably came to surrender himself upon His Majesty’s proclamation, and upon finding out who he was drew up and said, “ What a sad case have we brought this kingdom to.” Scrope answered, “ Why 1” “Do you not,” said Browne, “see how it is ruined now the King is murdered?” to which Scrope replied, “I will not make you my confessor.” This being witnessed against him at his trial, as words to justify what he had done, was the chief cause of his execution, otherwise it was thought he would have got oft' by imprisonment and the loss of his estate, as many others did. At his trial he directed the following words to Sir Orlando Bridgman, Lord Chief Baron 148 SOUTH COCKERIXGTON.

of the Exchequer—the chief judge then :— “My lord, I say this: If I have been misled, I am not a single person that has been misled, but I think it doth not become me to say so, that I see a great many faces at this time that were misled as well as myself, but that I will not insist upon." He suffered by hanging, drawing, and quartering, on October 17th, 1660, whereupon his quarters were not hung up as others were, but given to his relatives to be buried. His death was much re¬ gretted by many, because he was a comely person, and begged the prayers of all good people, and that he was of a noble and ancient family, being descended from the Scropes of Bolton, the inscription on the above tomb is as follows :—

The thrice noble Sir Adrian Scrope, Knight, Deceased December the 10th, 1623.

Epitaph.

Tcombes are but clumbe lay-bookes, they only keepe Their names alive, who in their wombes do sleep But who would pen the virtue of this Knight A story, not an epitaph, must write. In the floor are other memorials to this family on a stone Here lyeth the body of Fredrick James Scrope, Esq., Who dept, this life the loth of March, 17S0, Aged 62. On another :— Here lieth the body of Thomas Scrope, esq., Who dept, this life April the 28, 1792, Aged 69 years. Near the foregoing Here lyeth the Body of Edward Gostwick, Esq., Grandson to ye late and Brother to ye Present Sir William Gostwick, Bart,, Of the County of Bedford. He died Jany. ye 14th, 1745-6, in ye 45th year of his age. SOUTH COCKERINGTON. 149

On a marble tablet on the soutli wall of the nave :— This tablet is erected in memory of the Rev Daniel Benson, who was vicar of this parish during a period of 17 years, and who died on the loth of December, 1831, in the 71 year of his age. And of Mrs Jane Benson, his wife and relict, who departed this life on the Second day of M iy, 1840, in the Soth year of her age. WOOTTON. Tlie village of Wootton is pleasantly situated about five miles from Barton, and about two miles and a half from Thornton Abbey Station. In the Doomsday Survey the place is called Udteone, and the land belonged to the Bishop of Lincoln and others. “In Udetone Ulmar had two carcuates of land to be taxed. Roger, a vassal of the Bishop, has there two ploughs and four villanes, and six sokemeu with one plough and a half (value in King Edward's time forty shillings) the same, now tallaged at ten shillings.” The same chronicle also gives the following further particulars : —

Land of Norman d’Adreci. In Udetone, Ughete had six oxgangs of land to be taxed, land to twelve oxen. Norman had one plough there, and two sokemen, and two bordars (value in King Edward’s time forty shi 11 lings, now twenty shillings), tallaged at five shillings. Land of Ralph de Mortimer. In Torentune, Bodebi, and Udetone Eddeva had ten carucates of land to be taxed, land to twenty ploughs. Ralph de Mortimer has there three ploughs in the demesne, and sixty-eight sokemen with four carucates of this land and seven villanes, and seven bordars, with seven ploughs, and half a mill of three shillings (value in King Edward’s time ten pounds, now fifteen), tallaged at five pounds. Odo, a vassal of Ralph’s, lias two carucates of this land, and he has there two ploughs and thirteen sokesmen, with one carucate WOOTTON. 151

of this land ; and one villane with one plough and a half, and it is worth fifty shillings.

In the reign of Edward IV. the manor, as well as the advowson of the church, was in the possession of Thomas, Lord Itoss, and at a later period the manor was held by Mr Thomas Brian.

At the present time the Earl of Yar¬ borough is the Lord of the Manor, impro¬ priator of the rectory, and owner of a great part of the soil. The remainder be¬ longs to the Eerraby, Giffard, Brooks, Day, Upplehy, and Hudson families. The parish contains 2,980 acres The family of Uppleby has been connected with this place for several generations, and formerly resi¬ ded at Wootton Hall. In the village is a large sheet of water, covering nearly an acre of ground. There is nothing eise of importance in the village with the excep¬ tion of the church, which is situated on an eminence in the centre of the village, almost hidden among lofty trees. The building is dedicated to St. An¬ drew, and consists of nave, chancel, north and south aisles, with tower at the west end, and a south porch. The church is of good proportions, the nave being 50 feet long by 42 feet wide, includ¬ ing the aisles ; and the chancel being 22 feet long by 19 feet in width. The nave is divided from the aisles by three bays on each side. The style is that of the four¬ teenth century, with subsequent altera¬ tions. The chancel arch, like that of the tower, is pointed. The body of the church is seated with open stalls. The pulpit is of stone, but the font is modern, and the old one—a square basin—stands on the west side of the porch in the churchyard. 152 WOOTTON.

In the tower are three hells with the fol¬ lowing inscriptions :— (1) James Harrison, of Barrow, founder, 1789. Rev Mr Uppleby, vicar, Francis Day, church« arden. (2) God save His cbvrclr, 1604. (3) “ Live and die in the faith of Christ.” William Jackson, vicar, John Harris, churchwarden, 1764. On the bell frame is the inscription :— C. IK. EM., 1616. In the register, bearing date 1666, are the names of 18 persons who were ex¬ communicated, for what reason it is not stated. In the same book is an extra¬ ordinary entry, under date 1697. It would seem, during the period of the Commonwealth that here, as well as in most other parishes at that time,marriages were celebrated by Justices of the Peace. A magistrate here had exercised that duty, and had duly appended his signature in the register. These were crossed out by a succeeding clergyman, and the following indignant protest appended : — “ Levellers and phanatics, by what was above writ (but for shame blotted out), blush at your own writing, who hold many offices. A bold but witless justice of the peace makes his neighbour¬ ing ministers cyphers, whilst lie forced the King’s subjects (quite against their grain) to consent, and had to confirm a mere lay¬ man in the office of parish register, Proh pudor ! fronti enivi nullaJides." The rector (the Kev William Giflard, M.A.) has kindly furnished me with additional particulars respecting the registers. The first entry (apparently) in the registers is in 1563, and is scarcely legible. The following is a later one in the same year :— Thomas, ye son of James Robinson, was bapt. ve 30th daie of August. WOOTTON. 153

The next is inserted before a less illegible part:— Wootton. Ye Newe Register Booke made ye- a domini, 1598, in parchment (here follow indistinct churchwardens’ name*) of all ye names and surnames of all such persons as have been christened, married, or buryd since ye beginning of her Majestie’s mo t gracious and prosperous reigne, to be found recorded in ye old parish bookes of ye above said toune of Wootton. Beneatli the above preface appears the following :— 1565.—Ye first in record extant is Agnus Richardson, daughter of John Richardson, christened-day of •Tanuarie ut sup, March ye 18th, 1683. - A certificate granted to Eliza¬ beth, daughter of John Uppleby, in order to her being touched by his Majestie for ye King’s evil. The church contains seven memorial windows of stained glass. Two to mem¬ bers of the Stapleton Smith family, two to those of the Nicholson family, one to the Giffard, and one totheDay family, but none of them are of particular importance or of special interest. The church was restored in 1851 at a cost of £1,286. In the church are several monuments, among which are the following, the first on a floor stone in the south aisle :— Depositu Samuelis Fillius Johannis Uppleby et liARBARRIA Vxoris, ejus de Wotton qu Tepupusfuit •20 die Aprili Safaris Repar at 1680 a atals Sux 10. Nilme Solicitu decitna posti Pallida Messem mores fuera bine rapuit aux Mihi fuera Fuit Tu cave lie ploras pauco qui Tempore uixi Panco etiam ridi Sustinui 93 Malor Quis ego lie dubitas Fcelix Tumparce quetelas rigo pie mecumig quoge prosper eris On a mural tablet on the wall of tiie north aisle is the following dedication :— Sacred to the Memory of John Uppleby, Esq., of Wotton Hall, one of Her .Majesty’s Justices of the Peace, and a Deputy-Lieutenant for the division of Lindsey, in the County of Lincoln, Obit Aug. 21, A.D. Ii26. Also To tbe memory of Kitty, his wife, Obit Ap. 2nd, 1837, dit 64.

U 154 W00TT0X.

Another lias the following :— Near tliis monument is interred tlie body of Ann, the wife of John Uppleuy, daughter of Christopher Bentley, of Hatclitfe, gentleman. She departed this life the lStli of April, 1708, in the ;-.2nd year of her age. Also the body of the said John Upplehv, who died 15tli May, 1786, in the 52nd year of his age ; Also of Elizabeth, his second wife, who died the 9th of J innary, 1818, aged 67. At the west end of the same aisle is a tablet with the following- :— Near this place lies the body of Francis Ellis, gent., late Alderman of Hull, lie departed this life ye 5th of August, 1759, in ye 60th year of his age. . Immingham is situated on the edge of a marsh two miles distant from the banks of the Humber, and about tive miles from the port of Grimsby. It was formerly a place of some impmtance. The small creek or rivulet that flows nearly up to the village was at one time navigable for vessels of considerable burthen. At ths time of the survey the land appears to have been in full cultivation. '1 he notice is as follows : — In Iimingeham, Alvin hail four canu ates of laud and one oxgang and a half to be taxed, land to eight ploughs. William de Perri has there in the demesne f«*ur ploughs and twelve villanos, and fourteen bor ars and thirteen sokeinen, 1 aving four p oughs and eighty acres of meadow rvalue in King Edward’s time eight pounds, the same now), tallnged at forty shillings. The family of the Percys seem from the national records to have had lands here for many generations. In 1273 Henry Percy, from an inquisition taken at that time, held lands here, and in Richard II.’s reign Gilbert de Umgraville was the lord of the manor. In the time of Henry VI. we find the manor was held by Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, who was slain at the battie of St. Albans. From an early period Immingliam had a shipping trade with the Continent. In the reign of King John, from the compotus of William de Wroteham and his companions, which is recorded in the great roll of the pipe, they accounted for the duty called “ Quindena ” or “Quinzima,” received between the 20th of July, 1203, and the 30th of November, 1205. The following were the receipts of some of the porls, including Inmiing- liani : — £ s. d. JiONDON . 836 12 16 Boston . tsu is 3 HULL . 344 14 41 GRIMS3Y. 91 15 U liEDON. 60 8 4 BUITON . 33 11 9 iMMINGHAM. 18 ! i 10.V \ MH.HY. . 17 16 8 It appears from Burton’s “ Monaslicon ” that the Prioress and Convent of Nun Appleton, in Yorkshire, had considerable interests here. The following entries occur in connection with that religious house :— Robert son of Robert, =on of Julco by Alice, tlie foundress, gave pasture here for 400 sheep. Richard, le serje.vnt de Imminghun, gave two selions of lands in this field, described by the boundaries. Ralph, son of R alph deGousi.E, Knight, confirmed the Grant of Baldwin, son of Walter, son of i ui.ger de BaMBURQ, of Haburg, giving one oxgang and a toft here and in Roxt >n, together with half his meadow here. Idonea, (iaogluer of Miles de Ronton, gave one perch and a half of meadow here, in the .8011111 Maisll, which .Mii.es de Ronton confirmed. Sir Phillip de Kymf„ Knight, son of Simon de Kymk, by Rose his wife, confirmed the grant of the common pasture here, along with his own tenants' cattle. Peter, son of galerio de Roxton, confirmed all the grants of lands and tenements of his fee in tills place. There is little now to see in the village that is interesting, except the church. It is situated on a slight eminence overlook¬ ing the marsh and tlie Humber. It is dedicated to St. Andrew, and consists of nave, chancel, north and south aisles, and a good tower at the west end. It is of considerable antiquity, some portions being of the Early English period. The Low er is of three stages, embattled and pinnacled. The interior is spacious. The length of the nave is 54ft. by 42ft., includ¬ ing the aisles ; the length of the chancel is

FONT, Jmmingham. IMMING1I AM. 157

36ft. by 12ft. in width The chancel is of the Early English period, containing an aumbry bracket and a small priests’ door¬ way. On a stone at the east end is this inscription :— Mr J. Tealr, late of Kingston-upon-Hull, who died 20th August, 1809, aged 06 years. The chancel lias been lately restared, and is seated with new open stalls. The arch dividing the nave from the. chancel is pointed. The nave is separated from the north aisle by four plain circular arches, resting on circular columns. The south aisle is separated by four pointed arches resting on octagonal columns. In the east wall of the south aisle is a bracket, and there has evidently been a chantry chapel formerly. There is also a south doorway, as well as the entiance door on the north side between the clerestory w ndows. On wood panels are paintings of the following saints. life- size :—St. Matthew, St James, St. Mat¬ thias, St. Peter (with the keys', and St. John. These are characteristic, and evi¬ dently of some merit. The lower arch is pointed, and under it is a tine octagonal font of the perpendicular period, contain¬ ing shields. The tower contains three bells, with the following inscriptions :— 1. Ave Maria. 2. Sca Maria. a Hoc Nomen Iiiesvs EstAmor Mevs. Mr North, in Ins “Church Bells of Lin¬ colnshire,” says These are three very in¬ teresting bells. The third bell is probably coeval with the tower, and is a tine, tall, and thick one, characteristic of the mediaeval form. William of Wykeham left by will a pair of beads, with the in¬ scription, Ihs est amor me us, and the same inscription is upon the exterior wall 158 IMMINGHAM.

of the*’north aisle of St. Mary’s Church, Stratford, Suffolk—supposed to have been built in the 15th century byj the^Mors family. A small charity connected vvitfflmming- hain is mentioned in the report of the Commissioners (1837). A Percival Teal by will dated 7th April, 1780, gave to the poor people of the parish of Immingham 10s a year out of a close called High Field, in Immingham, to be divided among them yearly on Christmas Day ; and further declared that by poor people he meant such as received collection from the parish. The parish contains 3,195 acres oQland, including the hamlet of Roxton, two miles SAV. of the village. The population is about 230. The land belongs to several freeholders, but the Earl of Yarborough is the principal owner, and is also Lord of the Manor, which is parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster. On the Humber there is a coasting station, and a salmon fishery. HEALING.

Situated on a slight eminence, about four miles west of Grimsby, and about half a mile from the railway station on (he Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Bailway, Healing is said to derive its name from twosprings of water, one being chalybeate and the other pure water. They rise within a few feet of each other, and are said to be efficacious in skin dis¬ orders. In Doomsday this place is described as “a soke of the Manor of Stalingburgh,” and belonged to the Archbishop of York, the Bishop of Baieux, Earl Morcar, and others.

To whom the manor belonged im¬ mediately succeeding the Conquest I have not been able to ascertain, but probably the early owners of Stalingburgh would have this manor also. In Burton’s “ Monasticon ” we find a certain Letice, daughter of Alan de Heyling, giving certain lands to the church of Staling¬ burgh, which at that time belonged to Selby Abbey, and from an inquisition made in the reign of Edward III., it appears that John de Grey was Lord of the Manor, and in the reign of Henry VI. Richard-attc-Kirke held iands and tene¬ ments here. Also, twenty-nine years later, Robert Tyrwhitt died “ seized of land and tenements” here, and at an earlier period, ii: the reign of Henry IV., the family of Mussenden were seated hero.

In' the “Testamenta Vetusta” is a HiO HEALING.

cuiious will of Thomas Mussenden, of Healing, which is as follows : — I, Thomas Mussenden, of the county of Lincoln, Esq., at Heling, in the said county, 20th July, 1402, and in the ofd year of the reign of King Henry the Fourth, after the Conquest, make this my will. Imprimis, 1 com¬ mend my soul,

nacled archway, over wliicli is a window of three lights. Above this is aquarinr- foil light in a recess, and above is a belfry window in each face of the tower of two lights, (lie top of which is embattled and pinnacled at each corner,ornamented with gargoyles. The interior is neat, and seated with open seats. The east window is of three lights, trefoiled and quarterfoils in the recess. The nave is lighted by two two-light windows, trefoiled with quarter- foils in the recess. The dimensions of the church are Nave, 32ft. by 18ft. ; chancel, 19ft. by lift. 3in. The font is octagonal, with four columns round the base. The pulpit and reading-desk of carved oak. In the church are a few good monu¬ ments. An old blue stone is in the tower, round the verge of which, in deep cut letters, the following :—

Hie jacet Frascescus Coventry, Junior Anniger, qui obit vicesmo Sexto die Augustii, Anno dni MDCCLXXXVII. In the nave are the following mural tablets :— Sacred to the Memory of Gilbert Faru, Esq.. Who died II Jan., 1827, Aged 78 years.

Sacred to the Memory of Lieut. Thomas Capfl Loft, Of H.M. 92nd Highlanders, Who died on the 7th of April, 1831, Aged 23 years.

Also of Margaret Boswell Loft, Wife of the above, Who died on the 19th of April, 1S60, Aged 30 yeais.

A Iso of Lieut. John Henry Capel I.oi t, Of H.M. 6lth Regiment, Who was invalided home from India, And died in the Mozambique Channel On the 12th of January, 1850, Aged 20 years.

W 162 HEALING.

In the chancel are the following :— Within these rails lieth the body of the Rev John Parkinson, Formerly of Queen’s College, Cauibiidge, And rector of this parish 4U ears, Who died January 17th, 1793, Aged 81 years. Also Frances, his daughter, Who died August 29tli, 1779, Aged 24 years. Also of JamesGreen, his son, who died Aug. 9th, 1780, aged 22 years; also Frances, the wife of the above John Parkinson. Who died May the 29th, 1807, aged 79. She was daughter of the Rev James Green and Margaret, his wife, who also Lie within these rails. On a mural tablet with escutcheon ap¬ pears this inscription :— Viri Reverendi JOHANNIS PARKINSON, A.M., S.L.P., Hujus ecelia per annos quater est Quadriginta rectoris eccliem apud IMMINGIIAM per annos quater et Quinquagenta vicarii ec coll Baliol Apud Oxienses olim alumina Diem obt supremum Januarii XI., MDCCCXXXVII. Pietatas cavxa to Candum Curavit fillius unicus Gulei.mus Grantham Parkinson. There are other monuments to this family. In a vault outside are interred the mortal remains of Eliza, the beloved wife of John Iles of Binbrook Hall, formerly of this place, and eldest daughter of the late T. Wilson, M.D., of Spalding, who departed this life on the 1st day of June MDCCCXXXIX aged 40 years. In the same vault lies the body of John Iles, Who, surviving his wife 45 years, Brought up their nine children to live and Call him blessed. Much honoured by his neighbonrs, And in a good old age. He died at Abbey Park, Louth, On the 12th day of December, 1884, Aged 91 yean. HEALING. 163

In the tower are four bells that have the following inscriptions :— l. The gift of Champion Dymock, 16S3. •2. The gift of Sir FRANCIS Lawley and FRANCIS Coventry, Esqre. 1685. 3. Jesus be our spede, 1033. 4. Anno Domini, 1573. According to North, the donor of the first bell, hung in 1685, was Sir C. Dymock, llart., who was champion at the corona¬ tion of King James II. What connection he had with the parish of Healing 1 cannot learn. He died about 1688, but the precise date is not known. The parish register of Scrivelsby, the seat of the family, is imperfect, from 1657 to 1722 four leaves being much damaged, and the writing obliterated, apparently from the action of heat. A subsequent rector did his best to remedy the defect by collecting tiie various entries relating to the Dymock family, and tran¬ scribing them ona piece of paper which he pasted on the cover of the register. He, however, gives no entry of the burial of the donor of the Healing bell, neither do the memorial stones at Scrivelsby give tlie information as to the date, alt hough the place of his sepulture is recorded in the following inscription on a plate on the floor of the church on the south side of the altar table :— Under this stone lies Sir C. Dymockf, Knight, who was champion at tiie Coronation of King James the Second. On his left hand lies the Lady Dymock ; next her the Honourable Lewis Dymock, their youngest son ; next to him lies Captain Dymock, the eldest son of Sir Charles, who died in France ; next to him Mary Dymock, daughter of sir Charles; and at the head of Sir Charles Ives Mrs Elizabeth Dymock. the youngest daughter of Sir Charles Dymock. Sir Francis I.awley was tlm son of Sir Thomas Lawley, first Baronet, by Anne, 1(S4 HEALING.

his wife, tlip daughter of Jolm Manning, Esq., of Hackney, Middlesex. Mr Francis Coventry, the joint donor with >Sir F. Law ley of the second bell, died here, as a large stone in the floor of the tower testi¬ fies. In the parish register lie is described as (lie “grandson of Domini Coventry, fuit custos sigillis mag Caroli niarfyris beatis memorise.’' The date of the parish registers is lo4!), but contain nothing-of special interest. Near the church is the remains of a large tumulis, called Toots Hill, and there is a tradition that an ancient monastery existed here. THEDDLETHORP ALL SAINTS. Tlieddletliorp All Saints, or (as it is sometimes called) West, Tlieddletliorp, is situated about 10 mibs from Louth, two miles west, from the sea bank, and abouc one mile from the church of Tlieddletliorp St. Helens. The Louth and Mablethorp branch of the Great Northern Railway passes between the two churches. The surrounding country is a marshy flat ; the fields being separated from each other by dee]) ditches, and the landscape being almost devoid of trees, renders the marsh, as it is called by the inhabitants, not, unlike in its general characteristics, to the kingdom of Holland. At the Dooms¬ day survey the land was divided among various owners, the bishop of Lincoln, Earl Alan, Earl Hugh, and others. The following account of the owners of Tlieddletliorp 1 have taken from the post¬ mortem inquisitions :— In the 2nd of Ed. II., a.d. 1300, Herbert de Salt- fleetby held the manor, and in the year 135'1 it was held by Isabella, the widow of Edw. II. In the reign of Richard II. it was owned by Robert de Hanlay, whose descendants seem to have held it for several genera¬ tions. In the olst of Henry VI. this entry occurs:— “ .Tohanis Sudbury, vicar of Louth, held for the Guild of the Holy Tiin ty in the church of Louth, lands, tene¬ ments, &c., in the manor of Theddlethorp.” The manor subsequently became the property of the Angevine family, and afterwards that of the Ilaytons, New¬ comens, Bertie, and Pilkington families. The land is now the property of several owners, the descendants of the Alcock family being the principal, and the patrons of the living. The parish contains 1780 acres of land, and the population is about 350 inhabitants. The church, dedicated to All .Saints, is a very fine specimen of a building of the perpendicular period, although, it is much to be regretted, it has suffered from the 166 THEDDLETHORP ALL SAINTS.

want of taste in tliose wlio have liacl the superintendence of the repairs that have been effected from time to time. The plan is a nave, with north and south aish s, chancel, porch, and a good tower at the west end—which is of great breadth — and possesses walls of very great thickness It is built of sandstone, and from time, and its low situation, the stunts have a rich and venerable appear¬ ance, from the green and grey mosses that cling to their surface. The tower is of three stages, and lias double buttresses at the angles. In the lower stage is a west, uni ranee doorway, abov e which is a window of four lights, with inter¬ secting tracery. The belfry stage has a large three-iight window in each face, and in the middle stage on the west side are small loop windows. The parapet is embattled, but the pinnacles tire gone. The nave and aisles have also embattled parapets, finished with pinnacles and gar¬ goyles. (Jn the east gable of the nave is a very good pierced and crocketted parapet. The south doorway evidently is of older date than the present church, and I noticed, buiit in the north wall of the clerestory, some .Norman zig zag work, which leads to the supposition that an older church existed here.

The interior of the building presents a tine open area, and is of good dimensions. The length of the nave is 60 feet by 48 feet, including the aisles, and l he length of the chancel 31 feet by 18 feet. The eastern ends of both north and south aisles have been used as chapels. In the southern one in the east wall is a most elaborate altar recess—a characteristic common to many of the churches in this neighbourhood. The north chapel lias a THEDDLETHORP ALL SAINTS. 107

statue-bracket, and from this chapel was the approach to the rood-loft. Both chapels are enclosed by a screen work of oak, of the latter part of the fifteenth century. Two altar slabs are in the pave¬ ment of the north chapel. The screen under the chancel arch extends the whole width of the nave, and is elaborately carved and divided into seven compartments, the centre one being; of greater width than the others, and still retaining its gates. In the eastern end of the chancel are two statue corbels. There is also on the south side a three-seat sedilia and a piscina. A good deal of the old oak seating remains in various parts of the nave. Some of the bench ends are square-headed, panelled, and finished with battlemented tops ; others have had poppy heads. The roof of the nave, as also those of the aisles, are of very good workman¬ ship, and possess some weli-carved bosses of very good design. The nave is separated from the aisles by five bays on each side, the arches resting on octagonal columns, over which is a clerestory contain¬ ing five windows on each side. The font is in front of the tower aich, and is octa¬ gonal, witli quarterfoils enriched with heads and foliage in the panels. There are several shields in this church charged with armorial bearings. Near the west end of the south aisle is a very curious piece of mecli-eval carving, repre¬ senting a ship with a central mast sur¬ mounted by a large circular top, and having a cross at its stem and stern. On the roof of the nave are also armorial devices, one to the Angevine family, and another displaying the emblems of our Lord’s passion. In the south chapel are various sepul- 168 THEDDLETHORP ALL SAINTS.

dual stones, the inscriptions on which are mostly defaced. On one is the very interesting brass in memory of Robert Hayton, who died in 1424. This brass represents the lcnight clad in the then old- fashioned camail of mail, besides the eftigy, there are two shields inserted in this slab bearing vert, a lion passant—see Bontell’s “Manual of Heraldry,” plate xlviii, tig. 411. Beneath the figure, in raised letters, is this inscription :— Hie jacet ItOBERTUS Hayton, armiger, qui obitt xxv die uiensis Februarii Anno Dm. Millimo CCCC vicesi- lno quarto cui aie ppicet. Deus Ame. In the same chapel is another slab, the inscription of which is only readable in partJacet Roger de , qui obit vii. idus Marcii as dni in. Another stone, from the single shield which it contains (the effigies being gone, and the inscription) denotes that one of the Angevines and his lady were here in¬ terred, by whom in all probability this chantry chapel was erected. . On a stone in thefloor of this same south chapel are the following :— Here lyeth the body of Richard Pilkington, Esq., who departed this life April 23rd, anno dni 1729, in the olth year of his age. Here leyeth the body of Anne, the wife of Richard Pilkington, Esq., who died Jany. 5th, ano dni 1728-9, in the 45th year of her age. In thefloor of the chancel :— Here lyeth ye body of the Uonble Charles Bertie, Esq., youngest son of Robert Earl or Lindsey, who departed this life, August ye 13th, Anno Domini 1727, in ye 45th year of his age. On a blue marble flagstone :— P.M. Nicolaii Newcomen Generosi ob Sur Ceram Piatatem. Spedotam integritatem Ingenium rnoiun cadorem, et V **%...,**, _ ™cja«t Robti-bo., ha.'jtoHTKv^gts- .rttt alen.t xxv bip< wmm anj ?iwo "SnvrWllmto W«f^o eux axt.fpK&t Vus-.dwc

BRASS, Theddlcthorpe.

THEDDLETHORP ALL SAINTS. 109

.ngalarem humanitatm Memorabilis Quae Post Anno xxxiii. in Matriraonoie Feiiciter altos Obitam quam longiourc Vresuit Clandebat. Aug. XII. Amo Omni MDCCXII., Hoc Monumentum Conjux Moestessum Maria Newcomi n. Qua; et altare istua. Marmoreum Sumtibus erige Curanit. Here lyeth ye body of Mary, the only daughter of Nicholas Newcome, Gent., by Mary, his first wife, who departed this life on the 20th of May, 1694, in ye 10th year of her age.

Also Nicholas, the only son of Nicholas Newcome, Gent., by Mary, his wife, who departed this life on the 15 of November, 1703, in the 23rd year of his age.

Here lyeth intend ye Body of William Skoopiiolme, Gent., who departed this life the 19 day of April, 1710, in the 73rd year of his age. Who rests in Certain hope and trust Of Rising and Reigning with the just.

Here lyeth the body of Mary, the wife of the Hon. Charles Bertie, who departed this life the 4th of November, 1725, aged 62 years and Eight months.

There is also a very fine monument on the north wall of the chancel, surmounted by tine busts in white marble :—

This monument was erected in memory of the Honourable Charles Bertie, Esq., and Dame Mary, his first wife, who both lie in a vault which he built under the Communion Table. He was only son of the Right Honourable Robert, Earl of I.inpsey, Lord Great Chamberlain of England, by his third wife, the Right Honourable Lady Elizabeth Lee, who was sole

X 170 THEDDLETHORP ALL SAINTS.

daughter and heir of the Rt. Honble. Thomas Pope, Earl of Don ne, in the Kingdom of Ireland, and nidow and relict of Sir Francis Li;e, of Ditcliley, in the County of Oxford, Dart., By whom she had issue Edward Henry, who was created Earl of Litchfield in 1674, and Francis Edward, Esq. She was the daughter of Thomas Browne, late of Addlethorp, in this county, Gent., and widow and relict of Nicholas Newcome, Esq., and dyed without issue the 4th day of Nov., a.D , 17-5, in the 63 year of her age. He afterwards married Mary, the daughter of Henry Marshall, clerk, and dyed without issue the 13th day of August, a.d.. 1727, in the 45th year of his age. COATES MAGNA. Situate in the Wapentake of Bradley Haverstoe, in the Division of Lindsey, and about three miles west from Grimsby, is the pleasant and well-built village of Coates Magna, with a station on the .Man¬ chester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Bail- way. The parish contains 2,605 acres of land, and about 230 inhabitants, which are included in the Parliamentary Borough of Grimsby. The parish of Coates Parva adjoins, and the little Biver Ereshney flows between the two. Sir John Sutton is the Lord of the Manor, owner of most of the soil, and patron of the rectory, which is valued in King’s Book at £l 1 10s 10d, and now at £700. At the Doomsday Survey the land was held by various owners. “ Norman de Adreci held four oxgangs of land, and the third part of one oxgang, and Morcar held of Alured of Lincoln live oxgangs of land to be taxed ; land to ten oxen. Ber¬ nard, a vassal of Alured’s, has there two villanes and two bordars and eight soke- men, with one meadow ; value in King Edward's time thirty shillings, now twenty-four shillings. Drago also had land here.” In the reign of Edward I., from a post¬ mortem inquisition in that reign, John de Bradley held lands here, but the manor from an early period seems to have been in the possession of the Barnadistons. Burke, in his “ Landed Gentiy,” says:— “The family of Barnadiston, one of the most ancient of the Equestrian order in 172 COATES MAGNA.

the kingdom, having flourished in a direct line for nearly thirty generations, assumed its name from the town of Barnarston or Barnston, contiguous to Ketton (.Suffolk), of which the Barnadistons were pro¬ prietors from the Conquest. By marrying (temp. Edward II.) the heiress of AVilloughby, the family obtained the noble Manor of Creat Cotes, County Lincoln, which they held for several centuries. Ketton they acquired with the heiress of New- march, which surname it appears they adopted and anciently bore, in conjunc¬ tion with that of Barnadiston. They re¬ presented the County of Suffolk in Parlia¬ ment for several years, and were high sheriffs for that county, and in the list of representatives for the borough of Grimsby we find that one Sir George Barnadiston was one of its members in 17.I2, and again in 1520, and in the reign of James If. Sir Thomas Barnadiston, who was also Recorder of Grimsby in 1688. This family is also remarkable for having given rise to the appellation of . During the civil commotions under Charles 1., the London apprentices, says Rapin, ‘ wore the hair of the head cut round, and the Queen, observing out of a window Samuel Barnadiston among them, cried out, 1 See what a handsome round head is there.’ Hence comes this name, which was first publicly used by Captain Hugle. In 1683 Sir Samuel Barna¬ diston was tried by the notorious Judge Jeffries, and fined £10,000 and the Manor of Great Coates was mortgaged to Sir Richard Sutton, who was at that time Ambassador at Constantinople, and whose descendants are the present owners of the manor." The site of the mansion of the Barnadistons, with a portion of the moat, COATES MAGNA. 173

may yet be traced a little to the west of the church.

The church is dedicated to St Nicholas, and is at the west end of the village. It consists of a nave, with north and south aisles, a chancel, and a good tower at the west end. The tower is of three stages, with a double belfry window in each face, and a door at the west end, over which is a good window of three lights, having trefoiled heads. The tower is embattled, and has eight crocketted pinnacles. The south aisle is lighted by three square-headed windows of two lights each. The north aisle has similar windows, one at the east end being of three lights, and containing the arms of the Barnadistons, impaled with those of Bra like, lvelk, Vavasour, itc. The glass of these is of modern manufacture, having been placed there by a connection of the family in 1865. The chancel is lighted on the north side by two windows of two lights each, with trefoiled heads, one of which has the arms of the above family impaled. The south side has two win¬ dows of a similar character, a small priest's door, and a trefoiled piscina. The nave is separated from the aisles by four bays on each side, the arches resting on clustered columns. The dimen¬ sions are : — The nave is 43ft. long by 40ft. wide, including the aisles ; the chancel 33ft. long by 18ft. wide. The tower arch is of good proportions. The font is octa¬ gonal, with blank shields in the recesses.

The tower contains four bells—cast by Harrison in 1807. In 1553, however, there were here three great bells. On the bell- frame, which is ancient, is this inscrip¬ tion :— 174 COATES MAGNA.

Robinson, curate: Edward Gili.iat, church¬ warden, 1739. James Harrison, of Mid Rasen, bell-hanger. The church formerly contained several brasses, memorials of the Barnadiston family. When Holies visited it, in about I <>40, there were at that time at least four. He mentions in his “Notes” one to the memory of John Barnadiston, Hector 1400, and another to Johanna Barnadiston, 1453. The slab belonging to the former has been robbed of its brass, and is now outside the south doorway. No vestiges remain of the latter one. Beneath the altar table, however, is a fine resurrection brass, to the memory of Sir Thomas Barnadiston and family, date 1503. It represents Sir Thomas, his lady, his eight sons and seven daughters, all kneeling. Over the Knight is the inscription, “Ihu miserere mitu;” over the lady, “Fiat voluntas tua.” The second son is a priest, and has a rosette on his shoulder. Above is a representa¬ tion of the Resurrection, Christ rising from among the soldiers. On the stone are two shields, and round the border is a mutilated inscription, which Holies gives in his notes as follows :— Orate pro Animabus Thom* de Barmadiston, militus filii, Thomce de Barmadiston defunct! du vixit de Mikkyl Cotes in coni Lincol et Eliza¬ beth a uxoris proedicti Thomce nuper filie Geohgii Newport dum vixit de Pelham in comt Hcrford annig. Below is the following :— In the Woi’shippe of ye Resurreco of 6 Lord and the blessed Sepulcur, and for the souleof Sr Thomas Barmadiston, Knight, and dame Elizabeth, hys wyfe, and of yo’ charitie say a pr’noster ave and cred, and ye scliall have a C. days p'don to yo'r mod. Which Sr Thomas decesed the xxix. day of June, of ye yere of or Lord MDIII., on whose soul Thu have mercy. In the middle aisle of the nave, on a large marble slab, lies the figure of a lady COATES MAGNA. 175

(date 1420), clothed in a long robe, with a square head-dress, and with hands joined. The shields are gone. The inscription reads :— Hie jacct Isabella, quondom uxor Roger <1c Barnadiston, annig cuius a i c p picictur do Amen. There is also a stone in the floor of the chancel, to the memory of Arthur Bransby, A.M., Rector of Coates. A man of Infinite wit, an admirable preacher, a polite companion, and a steady friend, dyed Jany ye 1st, 1752, aged 47. The entries in the church register during the ministry of the above clergyman from the year 1733, to the time of his death in 1752, are models of neatness, the writing- being- of the most beautiful description The registers commence in 1653, and the title is “ A True Register of all christ- tynenges, Weddinges, and Burials from ye feast of ye Annunciation of our Blessed Virgin Mary, unto ye feast Anno domini, 1654.” The first entry is a marriage :— Valentine Asiiby and Ann Ashton was marride ye 10th of June. The same year there were b ehristenyngs and 4 burials. In 1655, 2 weddings, 6 christenings, and 10 burials. In 1656, 1 wedding, 7 christenings, and 11 burials. In 1657,1 wedding, 6 christenings, and 17 burials. The following are the entries under date a.d. 1668 :— Burycd, May 31, Elizabeth Brainbridge, a poore mayd. Buryed, July 14th, Thomas Baker, a lame, Bob- ridded youth. 1669. Buryed, March 26,1669, Robert Noble, Master of Arts, heretofore of Jesus College, Cambridge. 1670. 25 Burials. 176 COATES MAGNA.

Iii 1670 occurs the following memoran¬ dum :— Memorandum.—There was a great mortality this year, specially in winter and in the beginning of spring, and the most of them that died were fallen otTin a very few days’ sickness : the year following also was more than ordinary mortal. Thomas Doughty, Itcctor. Jas. Taylor, ) churchwardens. Tuos. Brown, /' I am indebted to Mr John Cordeaux, of Coates, for valuable information respect¬ ing this parish. BOLINGBROKE. Bolingbroke, formerly a market town, is pleasantly situated in a valley, through which flows a clear, rapid brook, among rude sandstone rocks, from which the place assumes its name. It is distant from about four miles W., and is about 14 miles north of Boston. The parish comprises 2,573 acres of land, and the population (with ) is about 1,000 inhabitants. The place is ancient and of consider¬ able historic interest. Previous to the Norman invasion the manor formed part of the vast estates of Stori the Saxon, but was granted by the Conqueror to Ivo Tailbois. Subsequently this lordship was the demesne of William de Romara, Earl of Lincoln, who by an exchange with Roger Tillol obtained all the lands which he held in the soke of Bolingbroke in this county, viz., Enderby, , and , in lieu of certain lands in Normandy. Moreover, his grandson William, in the reign of Richard I., obtained from Simon Briton a release of all his claim in the whole marsh of Bolingbroke. He also procured from Geoflry Fitz Stephen, the Superior of the Knights Templars in England, a full release of all their interest in Brad- mere, and all the fees belonging to Boling¬ broke and its soke, which Earl William, his grandfather, had formerly given to them. From this family the manor and soke was transferred to the Lacys, and was in the possession of Henry de Lacy at his death in Edward II.’s reign. Perceiv- x 178 BOLIXGBBOKE.

ing his approaching dissolution, De Lacy called his son-in-law, Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, who had married Alice, his daughter and sole heir, and, representing to him how highly God had honoured him and enriched him above others, told him that he was obliged to love and honour God above all things. “Seest thou, said he, “ the Church of England, heretofore honourable and free, enslaved by Romish oppressors, aijd the King’s unjust exactions 1 Seest thou the common people impoverished by tributes and taxes, and from the condition of free men reduced to servitude ? Seest thou the nobility, formerly venerable through Christendom, vililied by aliens in their native country ? I, therefore, charge thee by the name of Christ to stand up like a man for the honour of God and His Church and redemption of thy country, associating thyself to that valiant, noble, and prudent person, Guy, Earl of War¬ wick, when it shall be most proper to dis¬ course upon the public affairs of the king¬ dom, who is so judicious in council and mature in judgment. Fear not thy op- posers, who shall contest thee in the truth, and if thou t'ollowest this my advice thou slialt gain eternal honour.” Having ended this speech, lie departed this life at his mansion called Lincoln's Inn, in the suburbs of London, and was buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral.

His daughter Alice, who had carried this manor, with the rest of his estates, to Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, outlived her husband, and married without the King’s licence Elubo le Strange, with whom she is said to have been familiar before her former husband’s death. This so provoked King Edward II. that all the lands of her BOLINGBROKE. 179

inheritance which were held of the King in capite were seized and detained until she delivered up those of her inheritance which lay in the counties of Lancashire, Cheshire, and Yorkshire. The King also gave the castle and lordship of Denbigh, in Wales, together with the castle of Bolingbroke, with its appurtances, and all other lands in the county and many in other parts of the realm, unto Hugh le Despenser, the great favourite of that time. She died without issue, 1348, aged 67, and was buried in the Convent of Barlings. In 1363, the King granted the honour of . Bolingbroke to John, Duke of Lancaster, his son, and to Blanche, his wife, in tail general with remainder to the said John in fee. In 1367, his son Henry of Boling¬ broke, afterwards Henry IV... was born in Bolingbroke Cast To. In 1381, died Gilbert de 1 hnfraville, seized, conjointly with Matilda, his wife, of the Castle, and in 1430 died Sir Thomas Boss,seized of the same. During the sixteenth century the families of Mann, Hargrave, andSkynner resided at Bolingbroke, of which last Vincent Skynner was receiver of the honour of Bolingbroke and was Member of Parlia¬ ment for Boston in 1585. In the next cen¬ tury the family of Bryan held lands and houses here, one of whom was governor of the castle during the Commonwealth. Since the accession of Henry IV. all the manors and estates of the Duchy of Lan¬ caster have been vested in the Crown, and are now enjoyed by , the present Lady of the Manorof Bolingbroke, for which a Court (leet baron and cus¬ tomary) is held yearly. A great part of the soil belongs to the Ostlers, Coltmans, and some smaller owners. 180 BOLINGBROKE.

The site of the castle, encompassed by a moat, may still be traced on the south side of the town. It was a stately and extensive structure, containing many apartments and massive towers, built of large blocks of sandstone from the neigh¬ bouring rocks. Queen Elizabeth repaired it, and added some erections of freestone, and it remained a place of importance till the civil wars in the time of Charles I.,' when it withstood a severe siege by the Parliamentary forces, who took possession of it after the defeat of the royalists at the battle of . It was soon after dismantled. There was formerly a tradition to this castle, mentioned by Holies in his “ Notes.” It was affirmed by the inhabitants of the town upon their own knowledge that the castle was haunted by a certain spirit in the likeness of a hare, which,at the meeting of the auditors of the Duchy accounts.usually ran between their legs and sometimes overthrew them, and so passed away. They had pursued it into the castle-yard, and seen it take refuge in a grate into a lower cellar, and followed it thither with a light, where “ not with¬ standing that they did most narrowly observe it, and that there was no other passage out but by the door or window, the room being all close frame stone within, not having the least chink or crevice, yet they could never find it.” At other times it had been seen to run in at other grates, “ as there be many of them,” and they had watched the place, and sent for hounds and put them in after it; but, after a while, “they have come crying out.” The church is dedicated to St. Peter and Paul, to which there were, according BOLINGBROKE. 1S1

to Leland, formerly two chantries attached. These were of the Roumara foundation, and were suppressed at the dissolution. The church is small, but con¬ tains some good windows. At the east end of the south wall are some finely carved sedilia, and a piscina. The tower is at the western end of the north wall, and contains one bell with the inscrip¬ tion :— I sweetly toiling men do call To taste on meats that teed the soul.—1504. According to the Exchequer returns of church goods, there were in 1553 three great hells and a S metus bell. COVENHAM ST. BARTHOLOMEW AND COVENHAM ST. MARY’S. This is an ancient village six miles north by east of Louth, containing about 300 inhabitants and 1,340 acres of land. It belongs to several owners, the principal landowner being Mr Thomas Young, who is lord of the manor. At the period of the survey the land belonged to the Bishop of Durham and William de Percy. “In Covenham Esbern had two carucates of land and a h ilf to he taxed, land to three ploughs and six oxen. St. Karilef has now there under the Bishop two ploughs and a half, and 12 villanes and 6 sokemen with one plough and a half. There is a church, and 60 acres of meadow, and two salt pits of three shillings, value in King Edward’s time sixty shillings, now four pounds, tallaged at twenty shillings. William de Perci has in the demesne three ploughs and 1H villanes, and 17 sokemen with live ploughs and a half, and live salt pits of two shillings, and 150 acres of meadow, value in King Edward’s time 110 shillings, now four pounds, tallaged at thirty shillings.'’ Thus Covenham had a church in Saxon times, and from old records we learn that some lands were given soon after the sur¬ vey by William the Conqueror at the insti¬ gation of the Bishop of 1 )urham to found a priory of Benedictine Monks here, as a cell to theAbbeyof Karilesus in Normandy. A prior was settled here, which continued a cell under the patronage of the Bishops of Durham, until it was made over COVENHAM. 183

in the reign of Edward I. to the Abbey of Kirkstead, in whom it continued till the dissolution, after which, as a parcel of that monastery, it was granted to William Skipworth. There are no remains of the building left. The family of the Percys appear to have held the manor oT'Covehham for many generations. In the reign of Henry VII. it was held by Henry tie Percy, who the same year was slain at the battle of St. Albans, and buried there soon after. At this period, probably by marriage, the manor came into the possession of the Skipworth family, whose memorials yet exist in the church. The church dedicated to St. Bartholo¬ mew at present consists of a nave, chancel, and south transept, but it was originally a cruciform building, as the arch of the north transept still exists. The south one was used as a chapel, as the piscina still remains in the south wall. The dimensions of the church are—Nave, 60ft. long by 18ft. wide; the chancel, 21ft. by 15ft. The east window is of three lights, and on the south side of the chancel are two of two lights each, and there is a good window of two lights in the south wall of the transept. The remaining windows are of the square-headed type. The font is an interesting one. It is octagonal, the bowl being adorned with the fol¬ lowing figures carved upon its panels:— 1, a representation of the first person of the Holy Trinity, and the letters W.A. ; 2, the Virgin Mary and the Holy Child ; 3, St. James with a sword : 4, St. Bartholomew with a knife and book ; 5, St. Matthew with a sword and book ; 6, St. Thomas with a spear and book ; 7, St. Jude with a fuller’s bat and book ; 8, 184 COVENHAM.

St. John with Simon, with ship and book ; 9, St. Simon with a club and book ; 10, St. Philip with three loaves; 11, St. Jude with a saw and book ; 12, St. Andrew with a saltire cross ; 13, St. John with pen and book ; 14, St. Peter with a key and book. In the chancel is a large grey slab, con¬ taining an effigy in brass of a knight in plate armour, with a broad hip-belt, sword, large-cuffed gauntlets, armed with gadlets, and very long sollerettes, resting upon a lion. Below the hip-belt is an edging of mail. There are indents for two shields, but these are gone. Beneath this inscrip¬ tion :— Hie jacet Joh'es Skypwyth armiger qui obiit xv die mensis Iulii Anno D’ni niill'imo. CCCCXV., cui aie p'piciet Deus. Amen. On the outside of the porch, on the south side, is a similar slab to the above, belonging to another knight, but the brass is gone. Through the courtesy of the Bev J. Alnut, the rector, the registers were shown to me. They commence in .1569, and are in an almost perfect condition from that period. Some of the early entries relate to the Skypwith family, and the names of llrury, l)arnhill, Lamiman, Mawer, Mumby, and Burrnan families frequently occur in the registers. In a bell cote over the nave at the east end are three bells; the first and third are ancient. 1. T S T S. 2. Jhesvs Be ovr Spede, 1632. 3. Shields. In 1566 the churchwardens of C’ovenham Bartho¬ lomew reportod that the hand bells, which had be¬ longed to the church in Queen Mary's time, were brockin and defacid in a.d. 1566. (Vide Peacock’s “Church Furniture.”) COVEN HA M 185

Covenham St. Mary’s is situated half a mile to the south and adjoining the parish of St. Bartholomew’s, and contains about 150 inhabitants, and 950 acres of land which belongs to the Benson and Kime families and a few smaller proprietors. The church (dedicated to St. Mary) is a neat structure in the decorated style of architecture, ft consists of nave, chancel, and tower at the west end. In the east end of the chancel is a Flamboyant win¬ dow, now built up. It is a tine example of flowing tracery. In the north wall of the chancel is a monumental recess of flowing decorative character. There are two two-light windows on each side, with a piscina and a low side window on the south side ; some portions of ancient glass still exist in the chancel window. The north doorway, now built up, has an ogee-head and very massive walling over it. The tower arch is of an early character. There is a tine octagonal font, the sculpture and mould¬ ings of which are good examples of the perpendicular period. The sides are ornamented with shields, live of which bear the emblem of the crucifixion, and the other three have crosses. The roof has formerly had a high pitch, and the church at one time must have been a line specimen of a village church. The dimensions are : Nave, 45ft. by 21 ; chancel, 33ft. by 15. There is a blue flag stone that has formerly been enriched with brasses, and a monumental slab of the 14th century. In the tower are three bells, one orna¬ mented with shields, the second with the inscription, “.I. Harrison, founder; Thomas Bray, chwarden, 1822 ; and the third, John Sikes, C.W., 1726.” Y LIMBER MAGNA. 1 leasautly situated about four miles from Habrough railway station, and about two miles from Brocklesby, being near the south lodge of Brocklesby Park, Limber Magna contains about 560 in¬ habitants, and 5,180 acres. From the record of the Doomsday Book the land at that period belonged to various owners, and was in full cultivation. The Arch¬ bishop of York held land and the site of a mill, and half a slaughter-house. Alwin had nine oxgangs, Siward, Ulf, Stur, and others had the remainder. The name of this village in the above record was Lin berg— the name probably signifying an earth work or fortification near a lake. Below the church in a valley is yet a large sheet of water, and the spur of ground at the southern end of the park above the village lias evidently been either a British or Roman fortification. The Earl of Yar¬ borough is the lord of the manor and the owner of the greater part of the soil. The living, which is worth £644, is in the gift of the Lord Chancellor. From the national records I have found mention of the following owners of the Manor of Limber :— From an inquisition taken in the reign of Henry III.. Clemeneia, the second wife of Ranulpli, Earl of Chester, held the manor of Limber, and later in the same reign Thomas do Scotney held lands here. Afterwards Itadulphus dc Bradley had possessions here, and in the following reign Hugode Beaurneys held land and tenements. In the time of Edward II.. Agnes Langstaff held the manor ; and in thefollow- ing reign—that of Edward III.—the name of Hugo de Keelby occurs in connexion with the manor. In the same reign a Robertas do Limber held 40 acres of land here of the Prioress of Xun Coutun, and at LIMBER MAGNA. 187

a later period we find, t lie manor was the properly of John de Beaumys and afterwards owned by the Despcnscrs. The poor of Limber enjoy a small be¬ quest left by Robert Smith, who died in the year 1626. He willed £100 to the poor of Great Limber, and from the recitals of a deed of conveyance in 1707 we learn that this sum was first vested in the purchase of some land at Humberstone, which land was about that time sold for £130, which sum was re invested in the purchase of other land at Cadney-cum-Howsham. and “conveyed to Mi- Charles Pelham, of Brocklesby, and Robert Hoiiwell, vicar of Limber, their heirs and successors, upon trust, for the use and benefit of the poor of Great Limber, and for no other use, intent, or purpose whatever.' The church is dedicated to St. Peter, and is situated on an eminence at the east end of the village, it is built principally of sandstone, and has a venerable appear ance. it consists of a nave, north and south aisles, chancel, south porch, and a low, square tower, at the west end. On the east face of the tower is the old roof mark, which reaches nearly to the top of the same. The tower is of two stages, and embattled. There are four belfry win¬ dows of two lights each, and a doorway in the west face built up, above which is an ancient niche. The windows in the north aisle are square-headed ones of three lights each. Those on the south side are similar, and two of them contain fragments of old stained glass. The win¬ dow' at the east end of the south aisle is filled with stained glass, the subject being- scenes from the life of our Lord. There is tins inscription : la memory of George Frankisii, who died March 22nd. 1861, aged 67, and of Iiorothy, his wif -, who died August 29th. 1654, aged 47 years. 188 LIMBER MAGNA.

At this end of the aisle is a piscina, and the doorway and steps to the rood loft remain. The aisles are separated from the nave by four arches on each side, resting on octagonal columns. The chancel, which was restored a few years ago, is lighted by windows of the early English type. The east window is of stained glass, with this inscription : To the glory of God, and in memory of George Nelson. Esq., of Limber Magna, who died November 17th, 1848, aged 77 years. And of Elizabeth, his wife, who died September 6! h, 1846, aged 37 years. On the south side is a double sedilia, and on the north side a piscina and a modern vestry. The nave and chancel are seated with open pine seats, and the pulpit is of stone. The font in the south •aisle near the door is octagonal, orna¬ mented with the dog tooth moulding, and resting on a circular base surrounded by eight columns, the feet of which are foliated. The interior of the church is spacious, the dimensions being: Nave, 09 by 54 feet; the chancel, 35 by 21 feet. In the tower are three bells, with the follow¬ ing inscriptions - 1. God Save his Chvrche, 1595. 2. Iesvs be ovr Spede, 1595. 3. God Save ovr Qvecne, 1535. These bells are uniform and well pre¬ served. The founder was Henry Oldfield, of Nottingham. The inscriptions .are in fine large Gothic letters. The third boll has on it the Royal Arms of Queen Elizabeth. A little east of the church is the site of the priory, founded in the reign of Henry II. by Richard de Humet, constable of Norman !y who gave the church here to the Cistercian Abbey of Aveny, in Nor¬ mandy, to which this became an alien LIMBEK MAGNA. 1S9

priory, till it was sold by those foreign monks to the of St. Ann’s, near Coventry, in the reign of Richard II., and as a parcel of the possessions of the last mentioned monastery, Moungarth, in Limber Magna, with the rectory and advowson of the vicarage, was granted in the reign of Henry VIf 1. to John Bellew and others. In the church are several monuments. On the south wall of the chancel is this inscription In memory of Geokcie Stamp, Esq., late of Ivingstoii-upon-Hull, solicitor. And as a testimony of his worth and of their respect, These windows have been erected by his friends and his brethren of the legal profession, lie departed this life the 7th of November, 1858, Aged 50 years, And was buried at this, his native place. At the east end of the south aisle is the following :— Sacred to the memory of the Rev George Holiwell, Who having faithfully discharged ids duty as 1 vector of Somerby, near Brigg, almost 53 years. And as vicar of this parish 45 years, Departed this life on the 15th day of April, 1787, In the 79th year of his age. Robert, his eldest son. Who died at Swallow, Was buried in this Chancel February 24th, 1790, In the 46th year of his age. Sacred to the memory of Mary Holiwell, Itelict of the Rev George Holiwell, Who died at Brigg on the 27th day of December, 1801, In the 77 year of her age. Beloved and lamented by all that knew her. Mary Ann Holiwell, Daughter of the above, Died at Swallow Nov. 27th, 1851, Aged 85. This is inscribed on a white marble tablet at the west end of the nave :—• Sacred to the memory of William Richardson, Esq., one of the Deputy Lieutenants of this county, who departed this'life May the 2nd, 1830. Anno Et. 78. 190 LIMBER MAGNA.

He resided in this village upwards of 40 years : he was highly distinguished through life for his urbanity of manners, and sincerity of friendship, and proved in a very high degree those amiable and estimable qualities, which endeared him to his relatives and friends, and acquired the esteem and respect of all classes of society. Also of Catherine, his wife, who died March 1st, 1336, aged 81. Their remains are interred in the Church of Immingham, in this county. This testimonial of Gratitude was erected by their Great Nephew, William Richardson. Another is To the Memory of William Richardson, Esq., of Great Limber, Born 18th Septr., 1812. Died of consumption in London 15tli March, 1850. Another :— In memory of the Rev Thomas Walkden, Of this place, Who died Oehr. 1, 1773, aged 83. Also, of Faith, his wife, Who died Nov. 30th, 1755, aged 62. At Limber, just within the park, is the mausoleum, the burial-place of the Pelham family. It was erected in the latter part of the last century, from designs by Wyatt. It stands on elevated ground, said to have been the site of an ancient tumulus, as when the foundations were dug out many urns with partly calcined bones, and with a variety of rings, combs, and perforated beads were found. The form of the building is that of a Grecian temple. The colonnade consists of twelve fluted columns, which stand upon a rusticated basement about 52 feet in diameter. These support an entablature, the frieze of which is ornamented with festoons of flowers suspended from the horns of a bull, above which is an open balustrade. The temple itself is about 40 feet in diameter, containing four niches, in each of which stands a sar- LIMBER MAGNA. 191

cophagus. This part of the build¬ ing rises to a small height above the balustrade, where it is surmounted by a dome, the commencement of which is of stone, and the upper part of copper, with a circular curb of stonework surrounding an aperture at the summit. Through this descends the light necessary for the interior of the building. The basement contains the compartments and recesses for the coffins. Above the basement is the chapel, which is ascended by a spacious flight of stejJs. LACEBY. This is one of the many Lincolnshire villages that had a church and a resident priest at the Conquest — a proof of its antiquity. It is pleasantly situated about -H miles from Grimsby on the high road to Caistor, and is of considerable size. Some short time after the Conquest we find the Manor of Laceby in the hands of Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, and was at that remote period a place of some considerable im¬ portance. It is likely that its Saxon church was merely a building of wood, for subsequently it gave place to the present church, which is undoubtedly of Norman foundation. The early history of the place is some¬ what obscure, but the Pipe and Hundred rolls give us an insight into the turbulent character of some of its early owners, who evidently were not the friends of law and social order. Such proceedings are characteristic of the state of society at that period, when the laws of the country were inadequate to counteract the aggres- s'ons of power, and humble right hid her modest head before the gigantic strides of overbearing tyranny. It appears from the above authority that the principal resident-proprietor of Laceby for many generations, assisted by the neighbouring gentry, were opposed to the burgesses of Grimsby, and the depredations which they frequently committed on the borough show us that the burgesses possessed but a slender authority, and a lack of power to^enforce that which they did possess, to LACEBY. 193

protect the inhabitants and their property from insult and aggression. Long before the first charter of liberties was granted to the borough of Grimsby the burgessps tenanted the fee farm of the King, at an annual rent: but it so hap¬ pened that in the year 1168 Kandulphus, the son of Drogo, who held the town in capite, was deficient in his accounts to the amount of £169. Walter de Lesby and William de Coates, taking advantage of this defalcation, actually succeeded in de¬ priving the burgesses of the Ferme, by offering £18 de cremento (or at an increased rent) above the usual rent, that they might have the tolls and mills of Grimsby, with thesoke at Ferme,rendering £50 per annum for the whole,and keeping the mills in sub¬ stantial repair ; and it was further agreed that the merchants going thither might safely pass and repass without dis¬ turbance, paying their quinzeme, and that the men of Grimsby might travel safely through the King's dominions, with their merchandise under the right and ancient customs. Accordingly the Sheriff was commanded to eive them seizin of the said Ferme, tolls, and mills.* Thus armed with power, the iesees disturbed the borough by impositions and vexatious exactions, under colour of demanding the just and legal dues. To avoid the constant disputes and litigations which ensued, the burgesses determined, after an annoyance of two years’ duration, to make an accept¬ able fine to the Crown for the purpose of being reinstated into the tenancy of their own town and liberties. Accordingly they agreed to pay the King 60 marks and two palfreys per crementum to have “ the Ferme of the town and soke, with the tolls, mills, and appurtenances” as before. (‘Mag. Hot. Madox p 468) 7. 194 LACEBY.

In the reign of Henry III., Sir Walter de la Launde resided at Laceby in baronial state, and kept a large establish¬ ment of servants and retainers in his hall there. He proved the most formidable enemy the burgesses of Grimsby ever had. He was a proud, ambitious baron, and not in any way troubled with any compunc¬ tions of conscience as to the means he used to bring about his designs. The poor burgesses complained most bitterly of his unjust encroachments on their rights before a Royal inquisition which was held for the hundred of Bradley Haverstoe in the second year of Edward II., and it seems they had sufficient grounds for their complaint. This powerful knight had taken forcible possession of a warren in Grimsby belonging to the burgesses, and let it to tenants of his own, whom, by his power, he maintained in their possession. In conjunction with Gilbert de Coates, he invaded the rights of the burgesses by pro¬ ceeding through the streets of Grimsby with a band of armed retainers to the port of , and, forcibly ejecting the Mayor's officers, took possession of the haven, and not only landed his own goods without the payment of the customary tolls, but also demanded and. took for his own use the tolls of all goods which were brought into that port. Successful in this exploit he took courage, and proceeded to still greater modes of oppression. The bailiffs and men of Sir Walter de la Launde seized and destroyed the fish and other merchandise which were exposed for sale in Grimsby market, and to exhibit his con¬ tempt of the burgesses in the strongest manner he seized four of the principal men from among them, whom he kept for a considerable time in the prison or dun¬ geon at his residence at Laceby, and LACEBY. 195

threatened to bring them to public exe¬ cution on his own authority. For this purpose he actually erected a pillory and a gallows, which he exhibited in terrorem, then, subjecting them to the punishment of the cucking-stool, he dismissed them to make their report to their brethren.t The family of De la Launde continued to reside at Laceby until the beginning of the reign of Edward II., when William married Cecilia, the daughter and heiress of Jordanus de Esheby, when he removed to her paternal mansion at Ashby, near , which place then took the name of Ashby de la Launde, leaving a junior branch at Laceby, the last of whom died in 1424. His memory was transmitted to posterity by a monumen¬ tal stone still remaining in the church at Laceby. Inscribed on a stone is the following :— “ Willus Launde, qui obit xx die August, A. Dm. MCCCCXXIV.” The church of the village is dedicated to St. Margaret, and stands on an elevated site in the centre of the village. It consists of a nave, chancel, north aisle, porch, and tine tower at the west end, having tine pointed windows, a splendid embattled parapet, and eighttallcrocketed pinnacles. The church was entirely rebuilt in 1870-1, under the direction of Mr J. Fowler, of Louth, with the exception of the nave and tower, at a cost of £1,215 9s 8d, which was defrayed by voluntary subscription. The interior of the church is too confined to be particularly striking, and yet it con¬ tains some remains of antiquity which cannot fail to gratify the visitor. The nave has only one aisle on the north side, which is supported by five arches, the centre one

(tHund. Rot.) 196 LACEBY.

being a tine specimen of Norman work, having two courses of moulding, finely ornamented, and in a good state of pre¬ servation, resting on two massive round columns. The remaining four arches are of the lancet pattern,and are supported by octagonal columns. These together mark the period when the Norman and Early English styles blended—about the reign of Henry III.—when the family of De la Launde would be in their prosperity. The dimensions of the church are :—Nave, 48ft. long by 30ft. (including the aisle); chancel, 24ft. by 15ft. There are a few good win¬ dows. The east window is of three lights, and of the perpendicular period, as are also other three windows, which con¬ tain some good tracery. There are also two circular-headed windows in the nave, in the north aisle is a tine stained- glass window, inserted in 1870 by Mr W. FI. Daubney in memory of Mr David Field, the subject of which is Christ blessing little children. There is also one in the south aisle of the nave, placed there in 1869 as a memorial of Mr William Brooks. The subject, Daniel in the den of lions. The pulpit is of stone, and was the gift of Mr Eobert Haynes, of Thimbleby Lodge, Northallerton. The church is seated with oi^en benches of pine. The south door is of the Early English period, with the dog¬ tooth ornament. The font is octagonal. The tower contains three bells, which bear the following inscriptions : — 1. Mary of Hawardby, of us have mercy.

2. Ista Campana fit in honore sancti Augustina. 3. Soli Deo Gloria pax homnibus 1712. Mr North, in his “ Church Bells,” has the following note on the first bell here:—Of St. Mary of Hawardby, or Hawerby, as it LACEBY. 197

is now called, a village not far from Laceby, nothing is now known. As the images, of Mary of Walsingham and Deve- ril Gallaran had wide reputation, the former in the east, the latter in the west, so, doubtless, there were in pre-lleforma- tion times many others whose local repu¬ tations were locally confined to the imme¬ diate neighbourhood in which they stood. As is well known, a figure, painted to represent the patron saint of the church, was very generally set up therein. Thus (to quote Lincolnshire examples), at Belton, in the Isle of Axholme (All Saints’), there was an idol of All Hallows ; at Corby, St. John the Evangelist; at Eclenham, there was the image of St. Michael, the patron Saint of the church ; at Falkingham, an image called St. Andrew ; and at Gayton-le-Marsh was a picture of St. George, the patron of that church. It is equally well-known that other images as well as that of the patron saint were also placed in churches. At Bassingham we find the figure of St. Peter. At Bonby it is recorded that in addition to the usual figures of St. Mary and St. John, from the rood-loft other such like idols were burned. So at Hawerby, where the church is dedicated to St Margaret, there was a much-esteemed figure of the blessed Virgin Mary, the only memorial of which is preserved on this bell at Laceby. The inscription on the second bell is in bold Gothic characters. Out of the old oak of the roof have been made a pair of carved offering-dishes, and a beautiful inkstand for the vestry.

The living is in the patronage of Mr B. Haynes, and in the incumbency of the Bev E. H. Knight, M.A. INDEX.

Page GoxhixA . 1 Goxhill !’rio?y, a private Manorial Chapel. 2 Will of Phillip le Despenser . 3 Parish Church, Effigy of Crusader. 4 Parish Registers. 5 Monuments . . 0 Bells . 7 Ulobby. 8 Landowners, from Doomsday. 9 St. Nicholas’ Church. 1U Memorial Windows. 12 Curious Entry in Parish Register . 13 Bells .:. 15 Thornton Abbey .. 16 Date of Foundation, &c., Value at Dissolution. 18 De la Prvmes’ Visit to, and Account of. 20 (late House . 22 Will of Beatrix Haulay. 24 WlNTKRTON. 25 Roman Remains at. 26 Owners of, from Doomsday. 26 Church and Monuments.29, 30 Bells, Anecdote of . 31 Btgby . 33 Doomsday Account, Church and Monuments.34, 35 Anecdote of the Family of Tyrvvhitt. 38 Thornton Curtis. 41 Saxon Font, Monuments . 43 Bells . 44 Iveelby. 45 Doomsday Account of . 46 Church .’.. 47 Monument of Alice South. 48 Nunnery of Nun Cotham. 50 Winteringham, Doomsday Account of. 50 Church . 54 Memorial Windows and Monuments. 55 Effigy of Crusader. 56 Register. 57 INDEX. 199

Page Barnetby-le-Wold, Doomsday Account of. 59 Church . 69 Bells, Holy Well. 61 Somerby, its Situation, Early Owners of. 64 Sir T. Cumber worth, the Church Monuments. 66 Parish Register Extracts . 68 Account of Effigy of Crusader. 69 Stallingborough, Doomsday Account of. TO The Family of Ayscoghe. Brasses, and Monuments 74 Ancient Monumental Slab . 74 Clee. 76 Saxon Tower of Church, Monuments . 78 Ringers’ Orders in Belfry. 79 Curious Funeral Custom . 82 Ashby-cum-Fenby . 85 Account from State Papers. 85 The Church and Monuments to Wray Family. 86 Anecdote of Miss Drury. 88 Bells . 89 Curious Account of Destruction of Old Parish Register. 90 Horkstow . 91 Roman Pavements Discovered at, Roman Coins found at South Ferriby. 92 Monuments m Church, and Bells . 94 Parish Registers, Killingholme. 96 Doomsday Account of, Old Manor House. 99 Church, Monuments, Bells . 101 Old Register and Churchwardens Amounts. 102 Cadney-cum-IIowsham . 103 Church of All Saints’ of, Norman Foundation. Extracts from Registers, List of Vicars. 106 Barnoldby-le-Beck . 108 Ancient Owners of. the Manor, Anecdote of Mrs, Hewson, the Quaker. 110 Monuments . 113 Extracts from Registers . 113 Church Plate . 114 Hatcliffe, Picturesque Situation, British Earth¬ works at Wold Newton. 116 The Feudal Lords of Hatcliffe, Church, Ancient Monumental Stones . 119 Old Bell in Tower, Extracts from Registers, List of Rectors . 120 Irby-on-Humber . 121 Doomsday Account of Family of Holies. 122 Curious Ancient Earthworks . 125 Norman Church . 120 200 INDEX.

Page Extracts from Registers,. 12S Malet Family . 130 Tattershall. 131 Earlj' Owners of Manor. 132 Collegiate Church . 131 Fine Brasses to the Castle. 130 Fine Stone Chimney-pieces. 140 South Cocicerixgtox. 142 Early Owners . 143 The Church, Monument to Sir A. Scrope, Account of the Family of Scrope . 148 Wootox, Doomsday Account of. 150 Bells, and Extracts from Register. 152 Memorial Windows. 153 IiMMINGHAM. 155 Percys, Earls of Northumberland, its Early Owners, formerly a Seaport Town. 150 Fine Church, Bells. 157 Healing. 159 Early Owners, Will of Sir T. Mussenden. 100 Church Monuments . 102 Bells . 103 Thkddlethorpe, All Saints’. 105 Doomsday Account of, Fine Church, Dimensions, Monuments . 108 Coates Magna. 171 Early Owners, The Barnadistans, Brasses and Monumental Inscriptions. 1 71 Extracts from Registers. 175 Bolingbroke. 177 Early Owners of . 178 Castle, Tradition by Holies. 180 Covenham, St. Bartholomew and Covenham, St. Mary’s . 182 Doomsday Account of Curious Font in Church... 183 The Skypwith Brass, Church of St. Mary, Dimensions, &c. 185 Limber Magna. 180 Early owners of, Church of St. Peter . 187 Bells . 188 Monuments . 189 Mausoleum . 190 Lacf.by. 192 Early History of the Church, Monumental Windows, the De la Laundes, &c., &c. 190