Notes on <I>Trametes</I> (<I>Basidiomycota</I>) in China
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ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON Volume 116, pp. 265–281 April–June 2011 doi: 10.5248/116.265 Notes on Trametes (Basidiomycota) in China Hai-Jiao Li & Shuang-Hui He* Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China *Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract —Four Trametes species, T. ellipsospora, T. maxima, T. mimetes, and T. tephroleuca, are reported as new for the Chinese fungal flora. Illustrated descriptions of these species are given according to the Chinese materials. A key is provided to the twenty-six species recorded in China. The relationships of Chinese Trametes spp. and related genera are discussed. Key words — Polyporaceae, taxonomy, wood-decaying fungi Introduction Trametes Fr. was established based on T. suaveolens (L.) Fr. as type species by Fries (1836). The genus is characterized by pileate basidiocarps, a trimitic hyphal system with clamp connections on generative hyphae, hyaline and thin-walled basidiospores that are negative in Melzer’s reagent, and species that cause a white rot (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987, Núñez & Ryvarden 2001, Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1994). Trametes was considered as one of the most complicated genera in the Polyporaceae. Many species in the genus share similar basidiospores. Many taxonomic studies have been carried out during the last thirty years (Corner 1989, Dai et al. 2007a, Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987, Hattori 2005, Ko & Jung 1999a,b, Læssøe & Ryvarden 2010, Li & Cui 2010, Núñez & Ryvarden 2001, Quanten 1996, Roy & De 1996, Ryvarden 2004, 2009, Ryvarden & Iturriaga 2003, Ryvarden & Johansen 1980, Tomšovský 2008, Tomšovský et al. 2006, Zhang et al. 2006, Zhao 1998, Zhao et al. 1983), and around 50 species in the genus are accepted worldwide (Kirk et al. 2008). Twenty-two species were recorded in China previously (Cui et al. 2008, Dai 2009, Dai & Penttilä 2006, Dai & Yuan 2010, Dai et al. 2003, 2004, 2007a,b,c,d, 2009a, Li & Cui 2010, Li et al. 2007, 2008, Teng 1996, Wang et al. 2009, Yuan & Dai 2008, Zhao 1998, Zhao & Zhang 1991). Among them, six species are considered medicinal fungi (Dai & Yang 2008, Dai et al. 2009b). During our study of Trametes in China, four species were newly identified and are briefly described here based on the Chinese materials. A key to the 266 ... Li & He Chinese species of Trametes is provided, and relationships among the related species are discussed. Materials & methods The studied specimens were deposited in herbaria as cited below. All the materials were examined under microscope Nikon ECLIPSE 80i. Sections were studied under magnification up to ×1000. In presenting the variation in the size of the spores, 5% of the measurements were excluded from each end of the range, and are given in parentheses. The width of a basidium was measured at the thickest part, and the length was measured from the apex (sterigmata excluded) to the basal septum. In the text the following abbreviations were used: L = mean spore length (arithmetical average of all spores), W = mean spore width (arithmetical average of all spores), Q = variation in the L/W ratios among the specimens studied (quotient of the mean spore length and the mean spore width of each specimen), n = number of spores measured from given number of specimens. IKI = Melzer’s reagent, IKI– = both inamyloid and nondextrinoid; KOH = 5% potassium hydroxide; CB = Cotton Blue, CB– = acyanophilous, CB+ = cyano- philous. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube. Special color terms are from Petersen (1996). Taxonomy Trametes ellipsospora Ryvarden, Mycotaxon 28(2): 539, 1987. Fig. 1 Fruitbody — Basidiocarps annual, pileate to effused-reflexed, usually imbricate, without odour or taste when fresh, soft coriaceous and light in weight when dry. Pilei semicircular to almost circular with a umbilicate base, projecting up to 2.5 cm long, 3 cm wide, 2 mm thick at base; pileal surface cream, clay-buff to pale gray after drying, velutinate, slightly concentrically zonate and sulcate, irregular warts or protuberances occasionally present near the base; margin thin and sharp. Pore surface cream to straw-colored, glancing; pores round to angular, 4–6 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire. Context cream, coriaceous, up to 1.3 mm thick. Tube layer cream to pale straw-colored, coriaceous, up to 0.7 mm long. Hyphal structure — Hyphal system trimitic; generative hyphae bearing clamp connections; skeletal and binding hyphae dominant, thick-walled to subsolid, IKI–, CB–; tissue unchanged in KOH. Context — Generative hyphae scanty, hyaline, thin-walled, branched, 2–3 µm in diam; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled to subsolid, branched, sometimes collapsed, interwoven, 2.8–5 µm in diam; binding hyphae hyaline, thick-walled to almost solid, branched, interwoven, 1.5–3.2 µm in diam. Tubes — Generative hyphae infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, rarely branched, 1.5–3 µm in diam; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled to subsolid, branched, interwoven, 2–3.5 µm; binding hyphae hyaline, flexuous, Trametes in China ... 267 Fig. 1. Microscopic structures of Trametes ellipsospora (drawn from Cui 6259). a: Basidiospores. b: Basidia and basidioles. c: Cystidioles. d: Facial cystidia. e: Hyphae from tube. f: Hyphae from context. 268 ... Li & He thick-walled to almost solid, branched, 1.6–3.2 µm. Facial cystidia occasionally present, globose, pyriform, clavate to fusoid, hyaline, thin-walled, 11–25 × 7–10.5 µm; fusoid cystidioles occasionally present in the hymenium, hyaline, thin-walled, 13–19 × 3–4.5 µm; basidia clavate, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 9–17 × 3.7–5 µm; basidioles in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller. Spores — Basidiospores ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB–, (3–)3.2–4.6(–5.1) × (2.1–)2.6–3.2(–3.5) µm, L = 3.86 µm, W = 2.98 µm, Q = 1.29–1.31 (n = 90/3). Specimens examined — CHINA. Yunnan Province, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Botanical Garden, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 31.X.2009 Cui 8343 (BJFC). Hainan Province, Chengmai County, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 6.V.2009 Cui 6259 (BJFC); Wanning County, Tianmao, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 14.V.2009 Cui 6665 (BJFC). Remarks — Trametes ellipsospora is characterized by its small ellipsoid basidiospores. Our collections fit all the characters except its upper surface, which was originally described as glabrous (Ryvarden 1987). After studying one authentic specimen collected by Ryvarden, however, we found that it also is velutinate. One specimen collected from Yunnan Province, Southwest China, seems unique, because although cystidia are usually absent in Trametes, different kinds of facial cystidia were observed on or near the pore surface. Trametes ellipsospora resembles T. marianna (Pers.) Ryvarden, but the latter species has cylindrical basidiospores (6–7 × 2–2.5 µm; Ryvarden & Johansen 1980). Trametes pavonia (Hook.) Ryvarden, which resembles T. ellipsospora in velutinate pileus and small pores (5–6 per mm), can be separated by larger basidiospores (5–6 × 3–4 µm; Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987). Trametes maxima (Mont.) A. David & Rajchenb., Mycotaxon 22(2): 315, 1985. Fig. 2 Fruitbody — Basidiocarps annual, pileate, solitary or imbricate, without odour or taste when fresh, corky and light in weight when dry. Pileus semicircular to dimidiate, projecting up to 2.5 cm long, 3.4 cm wide, 2 mm thick at base; pileal surface buff-yellow to cinnamon-buff after drying, glabrous, concentrically zonate and sulcate; margin thin, entire or slightly wavy. Pore surface cinnamon- buff to cinnamon; pores angular, 3–4 per mm; dissepiments thin, slightly lacerate. Context cream, corky, up to 1.2 mm thick, a black line present towards upper surface. Tube layer concolourous with pore surface, corky, up to 0.8 mm long. Hyphal structure — Hyphal system trimitic; generative hyphae bearing clamp connections; skeletal and binding hyphae dominant, thick-walled to subsolid, IKI–, CB–; tissue unchanged in KOH. Context — Generative hyphae scanty, hyaline, thin-walled, rarely branched, 1.9–3 µm in diam; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled to subsolid, Trametes in China ... 269 Fig. 2. Microscopic structures of Trametes maxima (drawn from Dai 6865). a: Basidiospores. b: Basidia and basidioles. c: Hyphae from tube. d: Hyphae from context. branched, interwoven, 3–5.5 µm in diam; binding hyphae hyaline, thick-walled to subsolid, frequently branched, interwoven, 1.2–3.2 µm in diam. 270 ... Li & He Tubes — Generative hyphae infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, rarely branched, 1.6–2.4 µm in diam; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled to subsolid, branched, interwoven, 2.5–3.8 µm; binding hyphae hyaline, thick- walled to subsolid, frequently branched, interwoven, 0.8–2.5 µm. Cystidia and cystidioles absent; hyphal pegs occasionally present; basidia clavate, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 10–15 × 3–5 µm; basidioles in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller. Spores — Basidiospores oblong ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB–, (4.1–)4.2–5.1(–5.8) × 2–2.4(–2.5) µm, L = 4.78 µm, W = 2.18 µm, Q = 2.19 (n = 30/1). Specimen examined — CHINA. Yunnan Province, Menglun County, Xishuangbanna Botanical Garden, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 6.VIII.2005 Dai 6865 (BJFC). Remarks — Trametes maxima is characterized by its buff-yellow to cinnamon- buff, glabrous, concentrically zoned, sulcate pileus, its lacerate pore surface, and the black line in the context towards the upper surface. Trametes cystidiolophora B.K. Cui & H.J. Li resembles T. maxima in an uneven pore surface and pore size (2–3 per mm), but T. cystidiolophora differs by its pale grayish brown to pale cinnamon-buff pileal surface with distinctly concentric zones and radial veins and larger basidiospores (6.6–9.2 × 2.4–3 µm; Li & Cui 2010). A black zone is also present in T. hirsuta (Wulfen) Pilát and T. versicolor (L.) Lloyd, but they have distinctly cylindrical basidiospores.