T)eath %JalUy NATIONAL MONUMENT

CALIFORNIA NEVADA UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary DEATH VALLEY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • Conrad L. Wirth, Director NATIONAL MONUMENT

Contents Open all year • Regular season, October IS to May IS CLOUD FLAMES (Photo by FLOYD B. EVANS, A.P.S.A.) Cover

BEFORE THE WHITE MAN CAME 3 The National Park System, of which Death Valley National Monument THE HISTORICAL DRAMA 4 is a unit, is dedicated to the conservation of America's scenic, scientific, TALES WRITTEN IN ROCK AND LANDSCAPE 5 and historic heritage for the benefit and enjoyment of the people.

DESERT WILDLIFE . . 10

DESERT PLANT LIFE 11

INTERPRETIVE SERVICES 12 DEATH VALLEY National Monument, other mountain in the 48 States. WHAT TO SEE AND DO WHILE IN THE MONUMENT 12 embracing nearly 2 million acres of primi­ The maximum air temperature of 134° F. HOW TO REACH DEATH VALLEY 13 tive unspoiled desert country, was estab­ in the shade recorded in Death Valley was lished by Presidential proclamation on a world record until 1922 when 136.4° F. MONUMENT SEASON 14 February 11, 1933. Famed as a scene of was reported from Azizia, Tripoli. Tempera­ WHAT TO WEAR 14 suffering in the gold-rush drama of 1849, tures near Badwater have probably been Death Valley has long been known to ACCOMMODATIONS 14 even hotter. These extreme temperatures scientist and layman alike as a region rich are known only during the summer ADMINISTRATION 15 in scientific and human interest. Its dis­ months. PLEASE HELP PROTECT THIS MONUMENT 15 tinctive types of scenery, its geological Through the winter season, from late phenomena, flora, fauna, and climate are October until May, the climate is usually unique. ideal. The days are generally warm and Historic Invents The monument is situated in the rugged sunny and nights are cool and invigorating. 1844 Fremont party, following old Spanish 1871 Further explorations for Government by desert region lying east of the Sierra Nevada The Valley is famous for its consistently Trail, camped within sight of south end of Wheeler and Lyle. in eastern California and southwestern fair weather, minimum rainfall, and ex­ Death Valley. 1872 Panamint mines discovered. Panamint Nevada. The Valley itself is about 140 tremely low relative humidity. The average booms in 1874. 1849 Jayhawkers, Georgians, Bennett-Arcane miles long with the forbidding Panamint number of clear days in a calendar year is party, and others entered Valley through 1873 First borax discovered in Valley. Furnace Creek on Christmas Day. Range forming the western wall and the 283, although in one year 351 clear days 1875 Further exploration by Lt. Rogers Birnie. precipitous slopes of the Amargosa Range 1856 First General Land Office survey of Death were recorded. The average annual precipi­ Valley. 1880 Aaron Winters sold borax claims for $20,- bounding it on the east. Running in a gen­ 000. Borax industry in Valley started. tation at headquarters during the past 15 eral northwesterly direction, the Valley is 1860 Darwin French and S. G. George prospect­ 1891 Biological expedition by Merriam, Palmer, years is 2.03 inches. ing parties explored Panamints and parts Coville, and others. narrow in comparison to its length ranging of Valley, giving many place names still in width from 4 to 16 miles. Nearly 550 in use. 1904 Goldfield mining boom, resulting in mining Before the White Man Came to camps of Rhyolite, Skidoo, Greenwater, square miles of the Valley floor are below 1861 Lieutenant Ives explored region for Cali­ 1908 etc. fornia Boundary Commission, using camels sea level. The area in the vicinity of For centuries, the Death Valley region has as pack animals. Prospecting parties 1926 Stove Pipe Wells Hotel and Furnace Creek Badwater is 282 feet below sea level, the active. to Inn established. Eichbaum toll road been inhabited by the Panamint Indians, a 1927 built from Darwin. Beginning of tourist lowest land in the Western Hemisphere. small offshoot of the Shoshone Nation. 1864 Jacob Breyfogle lost the famed Breyfogle traffic to Valley. Telescope Peak, towering 11,328 feet above mine. Driven from their homes in the North 1933 Death Valley National Monument estab­ the Valley floor, probably stands higher lished. many generations ago, these Indians mi­ 1870 Bellerin Tex Bennett started Furnace Creek above its immediate surroundings than any Ranch. 1937 Boundaries of monument extended. grated to Death Valley where they were

2 3 least subject to molestation by their more starved. William Lewis Manly and John water Railroad was built to the edge of the portion of its exhibits cataloged. Although warlike brothers. Capable of great endur­ Rogers were sent on ahead in a desperate Valley to carry out colemanite borate, but studies have been made, it will probably be ance, ingenious in the utilization of every attempt to find a way to civilization and to was abandoned when a richer deposit of many years before more than a superficial edible or otherwise useful plant, eating any bring aid if possible. After a trip of terrific borax (kernite) was discovered on the understanding of its complex geology can animal they could catch, following the hardship, they finally returned and led their Mojave Desert. Death Valley was also be obtained. Enough is known, however, seasons in incessant migration from Valley group to safety. Pausing on the crest of the brought to the attention of the public to show that a remarkable story of its floor to mountain crest, they managed to Panamint Range, the weary emigrants through the exploits of Walter Scott, ex- origin can eventually be told. persist. They called Death Valley "Tome- looked back across the Valley—the tre­ cowboy of Buffalo Bill fame, who became A tremendous span of geological time is sha," which means "ground afire." Since mendous barrier that had caused so much known as Death Valley Scotty. In time, indicated in the exposed rocks in the the coming of the white man their numbers privation and suffering—and cried, "Good- adventurous visitors drove their cars into monument. All of the great divisions of have greatly diminished and their old cus­ by, Death Valley." While many lives were the Valley, cursed its then abominable geological time, called eras, and nearly all toms and arts have been largely lost. A few lost along the trail, a "Captain" Culverwell roads, but came again. With better roads, of their subdivisions, or periods, are rep­ of these Indians still live in a small village was the only emigrant of 1849 to die within and all America on wheels, it was inevita­ resented. If the layers of rocks were pieced on a reservation in the Furnace Creek Death Valley. ble that Death Valley would come into its together and restored to their proper neighborhood. Their baskets are sold at the In the next few years some of the "Forty- own as a national playground. sequence, their total thickness would Inn and Ranch. niners," undaunted, returned as guides or probably exceed 12 miles. However, the on their own to prospect and search for the strata have been so greatly distorted, Lost Gunsight silver lode. Gradually the Tales Written in Rock and The Historical Drama Landscape broken and jumbled, that the story is far country became better known. Panamint from being complete and is difficult to City and later Skidoo, Greenwater, Rhyo- There is no record that the early Spaniards, Death Valley has often been described as a read. Much of the mixed record has been lite, and Chloride City lived their short or John Charles Fremont, who probably vast geological museum, with only a small buried beneath lava flows, and under rain- saw the southern end of Death Valley in lives and died, leaving only tumbled shacks, 1844, entered and explored the region. The weathered timbers, and broken bottles to first scene in the recorded drama of the mark their sites. Valley was written in 1849. Occasionally, the prospectors struck it 20-Mule Team. Frasher's Photos, Pomona, Calif. It remained for a band of half-starved rich in the rugged peaks and baren canyons emigrants, pushing westward on a sup­ which isolated the Valley from the sur­ posed short cut to the newly discovered rounding, less-forbidding desert. Itinerant gold fields, actually to enter Death Valley prospectors prodded their burros from one in the winter of that year. They were lost water hole to the next, following Indian in the wilderness, hungry and tired, and trails or beating out new tracks, and crossed the wide salt floor of the Valley, with the and recrossed the ranges from one end of towering Panamints beyond, was the last the Valley to the other. Some of them were blow to their morale. Losing all semblance careless or unacquainted with the country— of order, the train separated into seven they missed springs, lost their burros, or groups, each seeking its own escape. One lingered too long on the floor of the Valley group, known as the Jayhawker party, in summer. Their remains, dried and picked abandoned almost all of its equipment, clean by kit fox and raven, were eventually made its exit through a canyon later named found and buried beside the trail. Jayhawker Canyon, and crossed Panamint Borax was finally responsible for the Valley and the Mojave Desert. After suffer­ partial taming of the Valley. In the 1880's, ing tremendous hardships, they finally "cottonball" borax (ulexite) was refined at reached Sutter's Fort. the Harmony Borax Works and freighted Another group, the Bennett-Arcane over agonizing miles of desert in huge party, crossed the salt flats. They camped high-wheeled wagons drawn by 20-mule for 26 days at Tule Spring and nearly teams. In 1907, the Tonopah and Tide­

4 washed mud, sand, and gravel, called sedi­ to visitors until they can be given proper The climate of the world during the Ice force of recrystallizing salt; wind-driven ments. Much of the story told concerns protection. Federal laws provide heavy Age was cool and moist, and prevailing rains eroded them into sharp ridges, peaks, this sedimentary mask that veils many of penalties for the disturbance of such westerly winds carried moisture into this and pinnacles. Although these irregular­ Death Valley's secrets. A glimpse into the exhibits. region over the crest of the Sierra Nevada, ities are only a few feet high, the roughness remote past will facilitate an understand­ Late in the Tertiary Period, Death Valley then only about 7,000 feet in elevation. is so harsh as to present an almost im­ ing of how Death Valley was formed. and its adjacent mountains were formed. Three rivers flowed into the undrained pregnable barrier to man or beast. Over a period of time nearly as old as Its geological history is complicated, and fault basin and filled it with water, creating The short but violent thundershowers the earth itself, rocks have been deposited studies already made disclose a series of a lake 100 miles long and 600 feet deep. which occur during the summer months by wind, water, and volcanoes, or by events nowhere duplicated on earth. Fold­ The shore lines of ancient Lake Manly can are largely responsible for the sedimentary masses of molten magma forced upward ing, or bending, faulting, or breaking, and be seen at various places, particularly south cover that has greatly modified the appear­ into older rock. Rocks of the oldest geo­ slipping of the earth's crust are primarily of Badwater, and on the north slopes of the ance of the original fault basin. Moisture logical era (Archeozoic) have been so responsible for the origin of the Valley. It Avawatz Mountains, south of Ashford Mill. brought in by winds is borne upward by greatly changed by heat, pressure, and appears that a tremendous block of rock As the Ice Age drew to a close, the hot-air currents, where it cools, condenses, deformation that little can be learned about sank, leaving an elongated fault basin climate of the world gradually became and then falls rapidly. It should also be ex­ their original form. The somber-colored rather than a valley such as is formed by drier and warmer. The Sierra Nevada had plained that the rainfall is much greater in rocks of this era are exposed in the Black erosion. Sinking of this basin continued to been thrust upward to near its present ele­ the mountains than in the valley. Sand, Mountains east of Badwater where they are deepen Death Valley, even in recent years. vation, forming a barrier to wind-carried gravel, and boulders, washed from slopes in contact with the more highly colored A fault scarp (cliff) that can be seen on the moisture. As the lake water slowly evapo­ at the wide upper ends of canyons, are rocks of the second era (Proterozoic). gravel slopes below Hanaupah Canyon is rated, its salts became more concentrated. funneled through deep constricted gorges the result of faulting which has taken place The alternating layers of light and dark Salt, more than 1,200 feet deep on the in raging torrents. As the water breaks out during the last century. rock, exposed particularly well in the Devils Golf Course, probably cracked into of the confines of these "hour-glass" can­ Funeral and Grapevine Ranges, belong to Molten volcanic materials often force irregular blocks during the drying process. yons, it spreads out, loses speed and vol­ the third geological era (Paleozoic). Dur­ their way upward through deep fractures The blocks were tilted and raised by the ume, and deposits the rock debris (allu- ing this era, seas intermittently covered the in the earth's crust. The appearance of land and deposited great thicknesses of recent lavas in several places, apparently limestone and other water-laid sediments. near the lines of fracture, adds favorable Granites, thought to have been formed evidence to the theory that the Death The Devils Golf Course. Ansel Adams Photo. during the next era (Mesozoic), are im­ Valley depression is due to the sinking of portant as a source of the quartz grains a block of rock. Lava is most plentiful in which form the sand dunes. the southern part of the monument and is Movements of the earth's crust during also present, in the form of two dark ridges, the first period (Tertiary) of the present era west of Furnace Creek Ranch and in the (Cenozoic) formed undrained basins that vicinity of Mushroom Rock. Ubehebe were filled intermittently with water, indi­ Crater, on the western fault, is the result cating a more humid climate. Animals, of a series of explosive eruptions which many species of which are now extinct in made a crater one-half mile wide and 800 North America, came to these lakes to feed feet deep. The eruptions, believed to have and drink. The tracks of mastodons, camels, occurred from 1,000 to 2,000 years ago, llamas, horses, cats, peccaries, and birds scattered volcanic ash for a radius of 3 were made in the lake mud possibly as miles from the crater. The smaller craters long ago as 10 million years. The tracks, just south of Ubehebe are younger—per­ covered with mud and other sediments haps 200 or 300 years old. since transformed into stone, are now The Ice Age (Pleistocene) is represented being exposed again as erosion strips away at high elevations and latitudes by glacia- their cover. Located in an area difficult to tion. However, no glaciers existed, as far as reach, the tracks will remain inaccessible known, on the mountains of Death Valley.

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VO vium) it is carrying into Death Valley in Desert Wildlife the shape of a fan. In this manner the large, gently sloping alluvial fans that flank Animal life is common in the monument, the Valley's sides have been formed. despite the popular belief that little lives The striking badland topography at or grows in Death Valley. A variety of Zabriskie Point and in Golden Canyon was habitats exist between Badwater and Tele­ caused by cloudbursts on Tertiary Lake scope Peak, a vertical distance of more than beds. The surface of these deposits, once 2 miles. True, few animals are seen by the soft, has become claylike again by weather­ casual visitor because almost all of them ing. Clay, being nearly impervious to are shy and come into the open only after water, allows much of the rainfall to run dark. Many are so adapted to desert condi­ off immediately, eroding small rivulets tions that they obtain from their food all which have finally grown into deep gullies. the moisture they need; consequently, only The more resistant layers of gravel and the central salt flats, without vegetation, lava have not eroded as rapidly and stand are barren of life. out prominently as ridges and layers of Twenty-six species of mammals have contrasting color. been recorded on the Valley floor and Wind, as well as water, has been active others live at higher elevations. The most in producing some of Death Valley's scenic commonly seen rodent is the antelope features. The quartz, which forms the sand ground squirrel, but kangaroo rats, Thomas in the dunes, originated in granite now wood rats, and rabbits inhabit the mesquite exposed in various places throughout the thickets and even the scantily vegetated monument. Flowing water has carried the alluvial fans. The desert kit fox, desert weathered granite particles from the moun­ coyote, and Bailey bobcat are occasionally tains and spread them out on alluvial fans. seen along the roads in the evening. In­ Charcoal Kilns in Wildrose Canyon. Frasher's Photos, Pomona, Calif. As the softer material eroded away, the re­ habiting the rocky slopes and gorges are sistant quartz, left exposed to the wind, about 300 Nelson bighorn. Their number was reduced to sand particles and then seems to be gradually decreasing because all year in the adjacent mountains. The big plant that is resistant to salts and alkali. blown into piles that eventually became of competition with burros which were black American raven is most frequently This region, with adverse growing condi­ large dunes. With every wind the contour first introduced into this region by pros­ seen. tions, is famous for its number of new and of the sand dunes is changed and the foot­ pectors. The burros have long since gone Insects, though present, almost never rare species of plants. wild and have increased in numbers. prints of man are erased. Winds deflected prove annoying. Even fishes are not left The most common plants in the low by mountain ridges blow the sand in one Lizards of a dozen species are seen often, out of the faunal picture as three species of country are desertholly saltbush and spread­ direction, then another, trapping the dunes except for a short period of hibernation in cyprinodonts, or "desert sardines," exist in ing creosotebush. These drought-resisting in their individual localities. winter. They range in size from the large the waters of the monument. Their an­ shrubs are widely scattered on the gravelly Death Valley, as we know it today, but harmless chuckwalla to the tiny banded cestors lived in Lake Manly during the Ice alluvial fans so that they may conserve the unique and beautiful, represents only one gecko. Snakes are comparatively rare, the Age. small amount of water they receive. The stage in the intricate geological story Valley floor being too hot for them during beautiful Death Valley sage, known only the summer months. whose beginning was in the dim remote Desert Plant Life in this region, grows in shady, dry canyons. past. The varied geological forces, relentless The checklist of birds contains 232 A dozen species of cacti include the beaver- in their action, but scarcely perceptible in species which have been recorded in the Within the boundaries of Death Valley tail pricklypear, cottontop echinocactus, the short span of man's lifetime, are still at monument. Many are migrants or winter National Monument, 615 species of plants and holycross cholla. Their flowers add work, writing the present chapter of a visitors and include a number of water have been identified. Only the Devils Golf tones to the symphony of color in the narrative whose end may be as far in the birds. Fourteen species make the Valley Course and other salt flats are barren of spring. Among the herbaceous perennials future as its beginning was in the past. floor their permanent home and others live plants. Even there, at the very edge of the are the rare desert bearpoppy, which has salt, is found the light-green pickleweed, a peculiar bluish foliage covered with long

10 11 white hairs, and the wetleaf spiderling, Among the dozens of varieties of annuals Sand Dunes and Mosaic Canyon. — Yi -day High Panatnint. — l-dzy trip. Mileage: 17.0, whose leaves are always moist, even in the to be seen are 14 species of astragalus, 16 trip. Sand Dunes are best at sunrise or sun­ junction California 190 and road north burning summer sun. Several species of evening primroses, 17 phacelias, 24 eriogo- set. Mileage: 2.6, Harmony Borax Works (keep left); 34.0, Emigrant Ranger Station; mariposas bloom in the high country, nums, desertgold, and the exquisite desert and Mustard Canyon Road; 3.4, Gnomes 44.3, Skidoo Road; 45.3, Aguerreberry along with mallows, lupines, and daleas, fivespot. Workshop; 4.3, monument headquarters; Point Road; 54.0, Wildrose Canyon; 61.2, providing a flower show that lasts well 19.0, Sand Dunes; 27.0, Mosaic Canyon. charcoal kilns; 62.5, Mahogany Flat; 7-mile trail to Telescope Peak. into summer. Interpretive Services The most interesting things about Death Rhyolite (Ghost Town), Titus Canyon, Valley plants are the strange provisions by Illustrated talks on the history and natural Ubehebe Crater, and Scotty's Castle.— How To Reach Death Valley which they keep alive in the burning heat phenomena of the monument are given at 1-day trip. Titus Canyon is one-way road and dryness of summer. Evaporation of the hotels and Texas Spring Campground. from east to west. Inquire about condition By Automobile. —From the south: U S 6 moisture from their leaf surfaces is reduced Special programs may be arranged. Inquire at monument headquarters. Mileage: 11.7, or U S 395, then northeast to Death Valley by their having no leaves; leaves reduced of a park naturalist or park ranger, or con­ junction road to Beatty (turn right); 34.7, through Trona; or from U S 66 at Barstow, to spines, as in cacti; very small leaves; sult Government bulletins at these places junction Titus Canyon Road; 37.0, Rhyo­ northeast to Baker on U S 91, north on leaves reduced to scales; leaves that are for schedules. Upon request, organized lite. Return to Titus Canyon Road; 49.7, California 127 to Shoshone and Death varnished; leaves that drop off with the groups are conducted on caravans. Leadfield, ghost town; 52.2, Klare Springs; Valley Junction, then west on California coming of summer; and leaves that have a A small library is maintained in the 60.8, main road (turn right); 80.4, Scotty's 190 to Furnace Creek. Alternate: turn west Castle-Ubehebe junction. Left, 6 miles to dense covering of scales as in the desert- workshop at headquarters for the use of at Shoshone through Jubilee Pass. Ubehebe Crater; right, 3 miles to Castle. holly saltbush and Death Valley sage. those pursuing research problems in Death From the north: via U S 395 to Lone Direct route to Scotty's Castle from Furnace Some plants combine two or more of these Valley. Assistance from the naturalist staff Pine and east on California 190 through Creek, 53 miles. adaptations, and almost all of them have is also available. Townes Pass; or from U S 95 via Nevada long roots that penetrate deep into the soil in search of life-giving moisture. What To See and Do While in the When winter rains have been sufficient Monument Ubehebe Crater. Frasher's Photos. Pomona, Calif. and the temperatures are favorable, the Death Valley spring flower show is superb. Below are listed a few interesting trips Myriads of desert flowers transform the starting at Furnace Creek, which are ar­ alluvial fans, washes, and canyons from ranged to permit the visitor to see the most dull gray and somber brown into a riot of in a limited amount of time. These trips color. Desert sunflowers rise gracefully may be made in one's own car or by the from burned rocks and turn their golden sightseeing service from the hotels. heads to the sun; white and yellow prim­ roses paint colorful patterns on the browned Dantes View. — Vi -day trip, preferably in surface of the fans spreading lazily from the morning. Mileage: 3.3, Zabriskie Point; mountains to salt beds; splashes of purple 7.3, 20-MuleTeam Canyon (oneway); 13.5, enhance the magnificence of the spring pic­ Ryan Road; 24.4, Dantes View. ture. Of breathtaking beauty are the Badwater.-V2-6.zy trip, preferably in the poppy fields shining like minted gold, afternoon. Mileage: 2.0, Golden Canyon; and the brilliantly colored blossoms of the 4.6, Mushroom Rock; 8.5, Artist's Drive cacti delight the visitor's eye. Sturdy (one way); 11.2, Salt Pools Road; 13.3, blossoms stand for days, but some fragile plants burst their buds in a blaze of Natural Bridge Road; 16.8, Badwater. splendor and are gone with the setting Eagle Borax Works.—14-day trip. Mileage: sun. Scattered seeds lie in the dust-dry soil 6.0, Devils Golf Course Road (turn right); to await the favoring rains of some follow­ 15.5, Tule Spring (Bennett's Long Camp); ing year. 22.3, Eagle Borax Works.

12 72 to Scotty's Castle, or south to Beatty Spring Campground is located in a side and west on Nevada 58 through Daylight canyon and may be reached by surfaced Pass. road one-quarter of a mile south of Furnace From the east: Las Vegas via U S 95 to Creek Ranch. Sanitary facilities, running Lathrop Wells, south on Nevada 29 and water, stone tables and benches, camp sites California 127 to Death Valley Junction and parking places for trailers provide ac­ and west on California 190. commodations for several hundred people. Visitors should provide firewood before By Airplane.—A good gravel-surfaced air­ entering the monument or, preferably, port with cross runways is maintained at carry gasoline or oil camp stoves. Firewood Furnace Creek. Hangar space, gasoline, and and other supplies may be bought at oil are available. There is also an 1,800-foot, Furnace Creek Ranch. CAA-approved landing strip at Stove Pipe Wells Hotel. Regular limousine service from Las Vegas Hotels and Cottages. — Facilities at Wild- is available through connections from rose Station are operated under franchise Western, United, and Bonanza Air Lines. from the Government. It is a year-round operation and consists of a store, service By Railroad.—A. combination rail and station, meals, and cabins. Information as motor tour is available for Union Pacific to rates, etc., may be obtained by writing passengers, leaving the train at Las Vegas, Wildrose Station, Trona, Calif. All other Nev., and reaching Death Valley by Riddle, hotels are situated on private land, and the Tanner, and Death Valley Tours. National Park Service exercises no control over them. Monument Season Death Valley Hotels, 630 South Shatto hooking northwest from Dantes View. Ansel Adams Photo. Place, Los Angeles 5, Calif, owns Furnace Death Valley National Monument is open Creek Inn, a luxurious hotel, American to travel all year. The regular season is plan, and Furnace Creek Ranch, European from about October 15 to May 15. plan, with cabins, store, service stations, Telephone and telegraph services are wisely and protect it so that everyone may Caution should be exercised in summer grass golf course, and photographic shop. available at Furnace Creek Inn and Furnace enjoy its beauty as you have. travel through the monument. Automo­ Horses may be rented nearby. Open Creek Ranch, but not at Scotty's Castle, The disturbance, destruction, or deface­ biles should be in good mechanical condi­ October to May. Stove Pipe Wells Hotel, or Wildrose ment of ruins, relics, geological formations, tion, and gasoline, oil and plenty of extra Stove Pipe Wells Hotel, near the famous Station. buildings, and signs reduces their value- water should be obtained before entering sand dunes, is operated on the European aesthetic or real—and is prohibited. the Valley. National Park Service rangers plan, with comfortable cottages and hotel Administration Since picking or injuring plants detracts patrol only the main roads in summer. rooms. The service station is open all year from the natural beauty of the monument, The superintendent is in immediate charge for petroleum products and water. Address: it is not permitted. Please leave all living of the monument. All communications re­ things for everyone to enjoy. What To Wear Death Valley, Calif. garding the monument should be addressed Camp in designated localities. Recep­ Scotty's Castle has overnight accom­ to him during the winter months at Death In the winter everyone should bring cloth­ tacles are provided for the disposal of modations, American plan. Open all year. Valley, Calif, and during the summer at ing warm enough to withstand chilly night Service station. Guide fee charged for tour Trona, Calif. refuse; please use them. Trees planted in temperatures. Practical clothes and shoes of castle. Address: via Goldfield, Nev. the campground are for shade. Firewood are recommended for campers and hikers. All-year accommodations are also avail­ Please Help Protect This may be bought at the ranch. able outside the monument at the Amar- Monument Please carry refuse you may have in your Accommodations gosa Hotel in Death Valley Junction, at car to a disposal can. Help keep the road­ Panamint Springs, Calif, and at Beatty, Death Valley National Monument belongs sides beautiful. Free Public Campground.—The Texas Nev. to you and future generations. Use it The carrying of firearms, other than

14 15 cased, sealed, or broken down, or otherwise- Drive carefully. Report all accidents to the packed to prevent their use, is not per­ nearest ranger station. mitted in the monument, which is a sanc­ A complete set of rules and regulations tuary for wildlife, except upon written may be seen at monument headquarters. permission from the superintendent. Penalties are provided for the violation Private notices or advertisements may of any National Park Service regulation. not be posted or displayed in the monu­ Rangers are stationed at various points ment, unless authorized by the superin­ throughout the monument for the purpose tendent. of protecting it and giving information. Vehicular and other traffic within Death They patrol the roads, enforce the rules Valley National Monument is governed by and regulations, and render all possible aid the current State of California Vehicle Code. to visitors.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office. Washington 25, D. C. Price S3.75 per 100 copies

REVISED I9S3 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1953 O-F—222039

A park naturalist explains natural phenomena to motorists on conducted caravan.