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FLNED1964001006012.Pdf 8. Amaryllidaceae door 1 S.J. van OoststroomenTh.J. Reichgelt- ) (Rijksherbarium, Leiden) knol. Overblijvende kruiden, met een wortelstok, een bol of een Bladen meestal in basaal, meestal lijnvormig. Bloemen soms alleenstaand, doch meestal scherm-, actinomorf of tros- of pluimvormige bloeiwijzen, tweeslachtig, soms zygomorf, meest- bloemdek 2 kransen 3 of al met een bloemkroonachtig met van vrije vergroeide Meeldraden zelden dele helm- bladen, soms met een bijkroon. 6, ten staminodiaal; knoppen 2-hokkig, meestal intrors, met overlangse spleten, zelden met eindelingse poriën openspringend. Vruchtbeginsel bijna steeds onderstandig en 3-hokkig, met meestal hoekstandige placenta’s; zaadknoppen meestal vele, anatroop. Stijl 1, met 3 stempels of met 1 drielobbige of knopvormige stempel. Vrucht een 3-kleppige, loculicide doosvrucht of een bes. Zaden met vlezig of hoornachtig endosperm en een klein, recht embryo. In de door Pax & Hoffmann (in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.fam ed. 2, 15a, 1930, omvat de familie 90 ruim p. 391) aangenomen omgrenzing bijna geslachten met 1300soorten en is zij over de gehele aarde verspreid. Genoemde auteurs onderscheiden 4-tal nl. de Cam- een onderfamilies, Amaryllidoideae, Agavoideae, Hypoxidoideae en pynematoideae. Alleen de eerste hiervan is in Nederland vertegenwoordigd. Hut- families chinson, The of flowering plants 2, 1934 en id. ed. 2, 1959, vat de familie in een beperktere omgrenzing op en rekent er toe de Amaryllidoideae, o.a. geken- het bezit het merkt door van bollen, meestal voorkomen van een onvertakte, on- die bebladerde blocistengel, eindigt in een uit een of meer monochasiën bestaande, of in alleenstaande schermvormige bloeiwijze een bloem, beide met een of meer bovendien aantal Liliaceae bloeischeden, en een (sensu Krause, in Engler & Prantl, Nederland Allium l.c. p. 227) met soortgelijke bloeiwijze, waarvan voor alleen en Ipheion van belang zijn. Overzicht van de in Nederland voorkomende tribus en geslachten der Amaryllidoideae. 1. Bijkroon ontbrekend Amaryllideae 1. Galanthus; 2. Leucojum 1'. Bijkroon aanwezig Narcisseae 3. Narcissus Tabel voor de geslachten. 1. Bloemdek vergroeidbladig, met een bijkroon 3. Narcissus 1'. Bloemdek losbladig, zonder bijkroon. beide kransen 2. Bloemdekbladen van ongeveer even lang 2. Leucojum de buitenste krans veel 2'. Bloemdekbladen van langer dan die van de binnenste I. Galanthus F. A. Stafleu Met medewerking van (Utrecht), die de nomenclatuur, en V. West- C. G. hoff (Zeist), die samen met van Leeuwen, het oecologische gedeelte verzorgde. 147 8. Amaryllidaceae, 1. Galanthus 1. GALANTHUS L., Sp. Pl. 1753, p. 288. Type-soort; G. nivalis L. bol. bladen de door Overblijvende kruiden, met een Bloeistengel en aan voet een Bladen Bloemen alleenstaand vliezige schede omgeven. weinige, lijn- tot lancetvormig. de de bloemsteel met uit 2 meestal aan de top van de bloeistengel, aan voet van een vergroeide schutbladen bestaande bloeischede, knikkend. Bloemdek 6-bladig, wit; de drie buitenste bladen langer dan de drie binnenste, schuin afstaand, de drie bin- nenste aan hun uitgerand. Meeldraden6, rechtopstaand, met groene tekening, top op helmdraden de bloembodem ingeplant, onderling van gelijke lengte; kort, rolrond; de in helmknoppen lancetvormig, rechtopstaand, basifix, bij een draadvormig spitsje versmalde top met spieetvormige poriën openspringend. Vruchtbeginsel omgekeerd eivormig, ellipsoïdisch of bolvormig, 3-hokkig, met vele zaadknoppen per hok. Stijl priemvormig, met enkelvoudige stempel. Vrucht een vlezige doosvrucht. Zaden ellipsoïdisch, met strophiole. in het Pontische gebied; één Volgens Stern ongeveer 12 soorten, hoofdzakelijk tot soort ook meer westelijk door Midden- en Z.-Europa Frankrijk en N.O.-Spanje. Wiener 111. Gartenzeit. L i t.: G. Beck von Mannagetta, Die Schneeglöckchen, 19, E. A. Hort. Soc. 43,1918, 28; F. C. 1894, p. 45; Bowles, Snowdrops, J. Roy. p. Stern, and 11. Snowdrops snowflakes, 1956, p. 1. Binnenste bloemdekbladenaan de buitenzijde alleen om de uitranding met een groene vlek 1. G. nivalis de met vlek de 1'. Binnenste bloemdekbladen aan buitenzijde een groene om uitranding de 2. G. elwesii en een tweede meer naar basis 1. Galanthus nivalis L., Sp. PI. 1753, p. 288; de G. p. 89; v. H. p. 270; Prod. ed. Heuk, 205, 1, p. 270; id. ed. 2, p. 1800; Oud. 3, p. 219, pl. 73, fig. 381; 1, p. 293, fig. 206; Fl. Bat. 1, pl. 14 — Sneeuwklokje. 1 — door bruine vliezen B Bol ei- tot bolvormig, ca. 1 \ ‘l\ cm lang, omgeven. a- vlak tot iets de d e n 2(—3), lijnvormig, stomp, gootvormig, gekield aan onderzijde, de bloei boven blauwgroen berijpt, aan de uiterste top wit, tijdens ca. 5—15( —20) cm de bloei breder. Bloei- de schede uitstekend, ca. 3—7( —10) mm breed, na langer en boven iets iets stengel rechtopstaand, vooral naar toe afgeplat, meestal langer dan de bladen, na de bloei verlengd, ten slotte neerliggend; bloeischede vliezig, met bloemsteel 2 groene kielen, ca. 2—4 cm lang; draadvormig, ca. \\—3| cm lang. Buitenste bloemdekbladen langwerpig elliptisch tot langwerpig omgekeerd de binnenste eirond, stomp, concaaf, ca. (10—)15 —20( —25) mm lang, geheel wit, als de de voet ongeveer half zo lang buitenste, omgekeerd eirond, naar geleidelijk de uit- versmald, met uitgerande top. wit, aan de buitenzijde met een groene vlek om de 8 brede Helmdrade 1 —2 randing, aan binnenzijde met groenelengtestrepen. n \ 5 —6 mm lang, wit; helmknoppen kegelvormig samenneigend, mm lang, oranjegeel. iets Vruchtbeginsel langwerpig ellipsoïdisch, ca. 4—7 mm lang, groen; stijl Doosvrucht 10—13 boven de meeldraden uitstekend. ellipsoïdisch, ca. mm 3—4 lang, vlezig, groenachtig geel. Zaden ellipsoïdisch, mm lang, lichtbruin, met een hoornvormig gebogen strophiole. Bloeitijd: (jan.—)febr.—maart(—begin zelden uitzondering soms in nov. of dec. april, nog later); bij land in N e d.: Onregelmatig door het gehele verspreid en plaatselijk groten getale; steeds oorspronkelijk verwilderd doch volkomen ingeburgerd. krui- mild tot zwak zuur humeuze, O e c.: Verwilderd op voedselrijke, vochtige, 148 8. Amaryllidaceae, 2. Leucojum of meestal vooral klei melige, min meer beschaduwde, wat grazige gronden, op en zavel. In parken en tuinen, in grienden en eendenkooien,hakhout, heggen en struweel, ook wel in opgaand loofbos. — Alno-Padion (= Alno-Ulmion), Rubion subatlanti- cum, Sambuco-Berberidion. Pontische door Midden- A r.: Van het gebied westelijk en Z.-Europa tot Frankrijk en N.O.-Spanje. Variab.: Bij de var. scharlockii Casp., in Schr. Phys.-ökon. Ges. Königsb. 9, 1868, Sitz. Ber. bestaat de bloeischede uit 2 vaak p. 18, vrije, bladachtige schutbladen; zijn tevens de buitenste bloemdekbladen aan de buitenzijde groen gevlekt: Schouwen, Voorne, de de is normale De vlek op buitenzijde van binnenste bloemdekbladen bij overigens planten soms geel, evenals het vruchtbeginsel; Kornjum, 1938. Planten met gevulde al in 43 bloemen worden nog eens aangetroffen. E. Heimans, D.L.N. 6, 1901, p. vermeldt een exemplaar met 2 kransen van 2 bloemdekbladen en met 4 meeldraden: Zwolle; en de binnenste bloemdekbladen in D.L.N. 11, 1907, p. 240 een plant waarbij krans van buitenste Verdere te vinden in D.L.N. gelijk aan de was: Haamstede. afwijkingen zijn 5, 1900, p. 48; 5, 1901, p. 242; 6, 1901, p. 43; 7, 1902, p. 44; 9, 1905, p. 251; 24, 1920, M.N.G.L. Natura 179. p. 351; 5(2), 1916; 1923, p. 126, 178, O Goed ontwikkelde vruchten hier te lande te p m.: schijnen weinig gevormd worden; volgens Sipkes is dit bij de var. scharlockii wel het geval; deze zou volgens Sipkes ook iets later bloeien dan de typische var. Lit.: E. Het D.L.N. A. Sneeuw- Heimans, sneeuwklokje, 1, 1896, p. 3; de Wever, W. in N.K.A. klokjes, M.N.G.L. 8, 1919, p. 1; A. Kxoos, 49, 1939, p. 164; J. Wilcke, Het S. E. Een oude sneeuwklokje, D.L.N. 56, 1953, p. 21; de Jongu, waarschijnlijk zeer vindplaats van Galanthus nivalis L., Corr. bl, Rijksherb. 2, 1957, p. 15; J. H. A. Boer- boom, Een andere oude groeiplaats van Galanthus nivalis L,, Corr. bl. Rijksherb. 5, 1957, C. Natura 9. p. 59; Sipkes, Scharlok’s sneeuwklokje, 55, 1958, p. elwesii Hook. — 2. Galanthus f., Bot. Mag. 101, 1875, t. 6166 Groot sneeuw- klokje. verschilt Deze soort van G. nivalis in hoofdzaak door de volgende kenmerken: Bladen breed lijnvormig tot omgekeerd lijn-lancetvormig, breed gootvormig, bloei 15 Bin- tijdens de ca. —25(—35) mm breed. Bloem gemiddeld iets groter. bloemdekbladen aan de behalve met vlek nenste buitenzijde een groene om ook vlekken de uitranding met een grote groene vlek meer naar de basis; beide meestal door witte band elkaar de de zijn een van gescheiden; vlek om uitranding kan in 2 vlekken uiteenvallen. Als enkele maal verwilderd: Was- N e d.: sierplant gekweekt en een Zuidwijk bij sinds senaar, 1941. A r.; Klein-Azië, Balkan Schiereil. 2. Pl. 289. LEUCOJUM L., Sp. 1753, p. Type-soort; L. vernum L. bol. Overblijvende kruiden, met een Bloeistengel en bladen aan de voet door vlie- Bladen zige scheden omgeven. weinige, lijnvormig. Bloemen alleenstaand of in een de de schermvormige bloeiwijze aan top van bloeistengel, aan de voet met een uit 2 vergroeide of vrije schutbladen bestaande bloeischede, knikkend. Bloemdek klok- bladen alle of vormig, 6-bladig; de ongeveer gelijk, meestal wit, aan de top groen Meeldraden de geel gevlekt, of rosé. 6, op bloembodem ingeplant, onderling van gelijke lengte; helmdraden kort, rolrond; helmknoppen langwerpig tot lijnvormig, 149 8. Amaryllidaceae, 2. Leucojum rechtopstaand, basifix, bij de stompe top met spieetvormige poriën openspringend. Vruchtbeginsel ellipsoïdisch of omgekeerd ei- tot bolvormig, 3-hokkig, met vele hok. zaadknoppen per Stijl knotsvormig, met eentopspitsje, of draadvormig; stempel Vrucht doosvrucht. enkelvoudig. een Zaden ongeveer bolvormig of ellipsoïdisch, al of niet met strophiole. Ca. 10 soorten, hoofdzakelijk in het Middellandse Zee-gebied, oostelijk tot Klein- het Midden- Azië, Kaukasus-gebied en N.-Perzië, noordelijk tot en W.-Europa. L i F. C. and t.: Stern, Snowdrops snowflakes, 1956, p. 79. 1. Bloeiwijze (2—)5—8-bloemig. Bloeistengel ca. 30—60 cm hoog.
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