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Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus. -
BURIED TREASURE Summer 2019 Rannveig Wallis, Llwyn Ifan, Porthyrhyd, Carmarthen, UK
BURIED TREASURE Summer 2019 Rannveig Wallis, Llwyn Ifan, Porthyrhyd, Carmarthen, UK. SA32 8BP Email: [email protected] I am still trying unsuccessfully to retire from this enterprise. In order to reduce work, I am sowing fewer seeds and concentrating on selling excess stock which has been repotted in the current year. Some are therefore in quite small numbers. I hope that you find something of interest and order early to avoid any disappointments. Please note that my autumn seed list is included below. This means that seed is fresher and you can sow it earlier. Terms of Business: I can accept payment by either: • Cheque made out to "R Wallis" (n.b. Please do not fill in the amount but add the words “not to exceed £xx” ACROSS THE TOP); • PayPal, please include your email address with the order and wait for an invoice after I dispatch your order; • In cash (Sterling, Euro or US dollar are accepted, in this case I advise using registered mail). Please note that I can only accept orders placed before the end of August. Parcels will be dispatched at the beginning of September. If you are going to be away please let me know so that I can coordinate dispatch. I will not cash your cheque until your order is dispatched. If ordering by email, and following up by post, please ensure that you tick the box on the order form to avoid duplication. Acis autumnalis var pulchella A Moroccan version of this excellent early autumn flowerer. It is quite distinct in the fact that the pedicels and bracts are green rather than maroon as in the type variety. -
Spring Plants
This article is part of a weekly series published in the Batavia Daily News by Jan Beglinger, Agriculture Outreach Coordinator for CCE of Genesee County. Master Gardener Corner: Spring Charmers Originally Published: April 14, 2015 There is nothing better after any winter than to see that first bloom in the garden. Most are familiar with the traditional spring bloomers - crocus, daffodils and tulips, but there are other plants that herald spring is on the way. Add any of these plants to your landscape for a brilliant splash of spring color. Cornus mas, commonly called Cornelian cherry dogwood, is valued for its very early spring blooms which open earlier than forsythia. Yellow flowers on short stalks bloom before the leaves emerge in dense, showy, rounded clusters. This is a medium to large deciduous shrub or small tree that is native to central and southern Europe into western Asia. It typically grows 15 to 25 feet tall with a spread of 12 to 20 feet wide. Scaly, exfoliating bark develops on mature trunks for winter interest. Zones 4 to 8. Witch hazels (Hamamelis spp.) are large shrubs that have wispy, twisted, ribbon-like delicate blooms that stand up to early spring weather. Depending on the species or cultivar, the flows come in shades of red, yellow and orange; some are even fragrant. Bloom time depends heavily on the weather. In a mild winter they could bloom in February! Witch hazels perform best when planted in a moist but well-drained, loamy, acidic soil. Zones 5 to 8. Cyclamen coum is a tuberous herbaceous perennial, growing just 2 to 3 inches tall. -
Review of Species Selected from the Analysis of 2004 EC Annual Report
Review of species selected from the Analysis of 2005 EC Annual Report to CITES (Version edited for public release) Prepared for the European Commission Directorate General E - Environment ENV.E.2. – Development and Environment by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre May, 2008 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK ABOUT UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the world‘s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision- makers recognize the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre‘s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
(Tribe Haemantheae) Inferred from Plastid and Nuclear Non-Coding DNA Sequences
Plant Syst. Evol. 244: 141–155 (2004) DOI 10.1007/s00606-003-0085-z Generic relationships among the baccate-fruited Amaryllidaceae (tribe Haemantheae) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences A. W. Meerow1, 2 and J. R. Clayton1 1 USDA-ARS-SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA 2 Fairchild Tropical Garden, Miami, Florida, USA Received October 22, 2002; accepted September 3, 2003 Published online: February 12, 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract. Using sequences from the plastid trnL-F Key words: Amaryllidaceae, Haemantheae, geo- region and nrDNA ITS, we investigated the phy- phytes, South Africa, monocotyledons, DNA, logeny of the fleshy-fruited African tribe Haeman- phylogenetics, systematics. theae of the Amaryllidaceae across 19 species representing all genera of the tribe. ITS and a Baccate fruits have evolved only once in the combined matrix produce the most resolute and Amaryllidaceae (Meerow et al. 1999), and well-supported tree with parsimony analysis. Two solely in Africa, but the genera possessing main clades are resolved, one comprising the them have not always been recognized as a monophyletic rhizomatous genera Clivia and Cryp- monophyletic group. Haemanthus L. and tostephanus, and a larger clade that unites Haemanthus and Scadoxus as sister genera to an Gethyllis L. were the first two genera of the Apodolirion/Gethyllis subclade. One of four group to be described (Linneaus 1753). Her- included Gethyllis species, G. lanuginosa, resolves bert (1837) placed Haemanthus (including as sister to Apodolirion with ITS. Relationships Scadoxus Raf.) and Clivia Lindl. in the tribe among the Clivia species are not in agreement with Amaryllidiformes, while Gethyllis was classi- a previous published phylogeny. -
Generic Classification of Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae Nicolás García,1 Alan W
TAXON 2019 García & al. • Genera of Hippeastreae SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENY Generic classification of Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae Nicolás García,1 Alan W. Meerow,2 Silvia Arroyo-Leuenberger,3 Renata S. Oliveira,4 Julie H. Dutilh,4 Pamela S. Soltis5 & Walter S. Judd5 1 Herbario EIF & Laboratorio de Sistemática y Evolución de Plantas, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile 2 USDA-ARS-SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, Florida 33158, U.S.A. 3 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Labardén 200, CC 22, B1642HYD, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4 Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Postal Code 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil 5 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.A. Address for correspondence: Nicolás García, [email protected] DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12062 Abstract A robust generic classification for Amaryllidaceae has remained elusive mainly due to the lack of unequivocal diagnostic characters, a consequence of highly canalized variation and a deeply reticulated evolutionary history. A consensus classification is pro- posed here, based on recent molecular phylogenetic studies, morphological and cytogenetic variation, and accounting for secondary criteria of classification, such as nomenclatural stability. Using the latest sutribal classification of Hippeastreae (Hippeastrinae and Traubiinae) as a foundation, we propose the recognition of six genera, namely Eremolirion gen. nov., Hippeastrum, Phycella s.l., Rhodolirium s.str., Traubia, and Zephyranthes s.l. A subgeneric classification is suggested for Hippeastrum and Zephyranthes to denote putative subclades. -
TELOPEA Publication Date: 13 October 1983 Til
Volume 2(4): 425–452 TELOPEA Publication Date: 13 October 1983 Til. Ro)'al BOTANIC GARDENS dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea19834408 Journal of Plant Systematics 6 DOPII(liPi Tmst plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/Telopea • escholarship.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/TEL· ISSN 0312-9764 (Print) • ISSN 2200-4025 (Online) Telopea 2(4): 425-452, Fig. 1 (1983) 425 CURRENT ANATOMICAL RESEARCH IN LILIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE AND IRIDACEAE* D.F. CUTLER AND MARY GREGORY (Accepted for publication 20.9.1982) ABSTRACT Cutler, D.F. and Gregory, Mary (Jodrell(Jodrel/ Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England) 1983. Current anatomical research in Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Iridaceae. Telopea 2(4): 425-452, Fig.1-An annotated bibliography is presented covering literature over the period 1968 to date. Recent research is described and areas of future work are discussed. INTRODUCTION In this article, the literature for the past twelve or so years is recorded on the anatomy of Liliaceae, AmarylIidaceae and Iridaceae and the smaller, related families, Alliaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hypoxidaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae and Trilliaceae. Subjects covered range from embryology, vegetative and floral anatomy to seed anatomy. A format is used in which references are arranged alphabetically, numbered and annotated, so that the reader can rapidly obtain an idea of the range and contents of papers on subjects of particular interest to him. The main research trends have been identified, classified, and check lists compiled for the major headings. Current systematic anatomy on the 'Anatomy of the Monocotyledons' series is reported. Comment is made on areas of research which might prove to be of future significance. -
Dryad Nursery, SUMMER 2018 Bulb List
DRYAD NURSERY - SUMMER BULB LIST 2018 TEL 01423 358791 www.dryad-home.co.uk Email [email protected] Welcome to my 2018 list. I am very happy to be able to offer a particularly good number of famous Irish breeder Brian Duncan's very desirable new miniatures again. These are in very limited numbers, so you will have to be very quick! I recommend you email in your order as soon as possible. If you wish to telephone, I will note the time of your request and slot it into the appropriate place among the email requests. You can see better photos of the plants on my website. I hope you enjoy browsing, and look forward to hearing from you. PLEASE NOTE – MOST ITEMS ARE IN VERY LIMITED NUMBERS, SO PLEASE APPLY EARLY, LAST DATE FOR ORDERS END OF JULY 2017 ALL ITEMS OFFERED SUBJECT TO SUCCESSFUL HARVEST. UK and EU orders will be sent as soon as I can. Orders to outside the EU will all be sent together end of July/ August, as they will all need to be inspected together by FERA before dispatch. Snowdrops, and Fritillaria davidii will be damp-packed for posting. All plants are flowering size, unless otherwise specified. POSTAGE AND PACKING- -£5-50 per order. I am asking for less than the actual cost of delivery and packaging. If your order can be sent as Large Letter, I will refund any extra postage. Parcels will be sent by first class post, recorded delivery, so will need to be signed for. Orders can be collected from my home address if you are in the area. -
ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS of the FLORAL STRUCTURES of Galanthus Nivalis L
ACTA AGROBOTANICA Vol. 63 (2): 41–49 2010 ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS OF THE FLORAL STRUCTURES OF Galanthus nivalis L. Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska, Mirosława Chwil Department of Botany, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland e-mail: [email protected] Received: 15.07.2010 Abstract drop is found in the south, in Greater Poland (Wielko- The structure of the flowers of Galanthus nivalis shows polska), and in the Lublin region where the northern adaptations to early spring flowering conditions as well as ad- boundary of its range runs (Z a j ą c and Z a j ą c, aptations to entomogamy. The tepals produce colour marks and 2001; Witkowska-Ż u k , 2008). It was cultivated odorous substances. The aim of the present study was to deter- as an ornamental plant already in mediaeval gardens mine the micromorphology and anatomy of tepals, in particular (Maurizio and Grafl, 1969). In Poland this spe- in the regions comprising colour marks which, in accordance cies is strictly protected (P i ę koś -Mirkowa and with the literature data, emit essential oils. Mirek, 2006). Examination was performed using light, fluorescence, Galanthus nivalis L. flowers from February and scanning electron microscopy. Large protrusions, corre- to April (R utkowski, 2004). In the last two dec- sponding to the location of the green stripes, were found to oc- ades of the 20th century, the beginning of flowering of cur on the adaxial surface of the inner tepals. The epidermal cells in this part of the tepals produce a cuticle with characteris- this species was observed in different European coun- tic ornamentation as well as numerous stomata with well-devel- tries a dozen or so days earlier than in the previous oped outer cuticular ledges. -
ALKALOID-BEARING PLANTS and THEIR CONTAINED ALKALOIDS by J
ALKALOID-BEARING PLANTS and Their Contained Alkaloids TT'TBUCK \ \ '■'. Technical Bulletin No. 1234 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are indebted to J. W. Schermerhorn and M. W. Quimby, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, for access to the original files of the Lynn Index; to K. F. Rauiïauf, Smith, Kline & French Labora- tories, and to J. H. Hoch, Medical College of South Carolina, for extensive lists of alkaloid plants; to V. S. Sokolov, V. L. Komarova Academy of Science, Leningrad, for a copy of his book; to J. M. Fogg, Jr., and H. T. Li, Morris Arboretum, for botanical help and identification of Chinese drug names ; to Michael Dymicky, formerly of the Eastern Utilization Research and Development Division, for ex- tensive translations; and to colleagues in many countries for answering questions raised during the compilation of these lists. CONTENTS Page Codes used in table 1 2 Table 1.—Plants and their contained alkaloids 7 Table 2.—Alkaloids and the plants in which they occur 240 Washington, D.C. Issued August 1961 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Qovemment Printing OflSce. Washington 25, D.C. Price $1 ALKALOID-BEARING PLANTS AND THEIR CONTAINED ALKALOIDS By J. J. WiLLAMAN, chemist, Eastern Utilization Research and Development Division, and BERNICE G. SCHUBERT, taxonomist. Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service This compilation assembles in one place all the scattered information on the occurrence of alkaloids in the plant world. It consists of two lists: (1) The names of the plants and of their contained alkaloids; and (2) the names and empirical formulas of the alkaloids. -
Towards a Molecular Understanding of the Biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids in Support of Their Expanding Medical Use
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 11713-11741; doi:10.3390/ijms140611713 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Review Towards a Molecular Understanding of the Biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids in Support of Their Expanding Medical Use Adam M. Takos and Fred Rook * Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +45-3533-3343; Fax: +45-3533-3300. Received: 28 April 2013; in revised form: 26 May 2013 / Accepted: 27 May 2013 / Published: 31 May 2013 Abstract: The alkaloids characteristically produced by the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllidaceae, bulbous plant species that include well know genera such as Narcissus (daffodils) and Galanthus (snowdrops), are a source of new pharmaceutical compounds. Presently, only the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid galanthamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, is produced commercially as a drug from cultivated plants. However, several Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have shown great promise as anti-cancer drugs, but their further clinical development is restricted by their limited commercial availability. Amaryllidaceae species have a long history of cultivation and breeding as ornamental bulbs, and phytochemical research has focussed on the diversity in alkaloid content and composition. In contrast to the available pharmacological and phytochemical data, ecological, physiological and molecular aspects of the Amaryllidaceae and their alkaloids are much less explored and the identity of the alkaloid biosynthetic genes is presently unknown. An improved molecular understanding of Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthesis would greatly benefit the rational design of breeding programs to produce cultivars optimised for the production of pharmaceutical compounds and enable biotechnology based approaches. -
Alpine Garden Club of BC 2 WINTER 2008 TABLE of CONTENTS
Alpine Garden Club of British Columbia Galanthus elwesii “Rosemary Burnham” Photo: Paddy Wales, courtesy UBC Botanical Garden website Vol.51 No. 1 Bulletin WINTER 2008 Web Address: www.agc-bc.ca President: Linda Verbeek 1st V.P. Philip MacDougall 2nd V.P. Dave Sellars Secretary: Allison Carson Treasurer: Amanda Offers Past President: Doug Smith Membership: Ian Gillam Seed Exchange: Ian and Phyllis Plenderleith Program: Philip MacDougall Annual Show: Diane Hume, Karen Thirkell Pot Show: Dana Cromie Plant Sale: Mark Demers Librarian: Pam Frost Open Gardens: Ann Dies Refreshments: Dorothy Yarema Publicity: Joan Bunn Webmaster: Chris Klapwijk Bulletin Editor: Sue Evanetz Bulletin Publishing: Moya Drummond Copy Editor: Ian Gillam Committee Members Mark Demers, Ann Dies, Diane Hume, Stuart Scholefield Karen Thirkell, Chris Klapwijk Honorary Life Members Rosemary Burnham, Margaret Charlton, Grace Conboy, Francisca Darts, Pam Frost, Daphne Guernsey, Bodil Leamy, Jim MacPhail, Geoff Williams, Bob Woodward Meetings are held the second Wednesday of each month except July & August, in the Floral Hall, VanDusen Botanical Garden. Doors and Library open at 7:00pm and Meetings start at 7:30pm sharp with the educational talk. Don’t forget to bring a prize for the raffle which goes a long way to paying for the hall rental. Cover: This photograph of Galanthus elwesii “Rosemary Burnham” was taken by Paddy Wales of Roberts Creek, BC and was featured as a Botany Photo of the Day on the website of the University of BC Botanical Garden, March 24th 2007. We are proud that AGCBC member Rosemary Burnham, a dedicated plantswoman and artist, was the first to discover this variety; see Pam Frosts article on p20.