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Along the Royal Roads to Angkor
Chapter Four The Royal Roads of King Jayavarman VII and its Architectural Remains 4.1 King Jayavarman VII’s Royal Roads 4.1.1 General Information Jayavarman VII’s Royal Roads was believed (by many scholars) to be built in the era of Jayavarman VII who ruled Khmer empire between AD 1812 – 1218. The road network not only cover the area of the modern-day Cambodia but also the large areas of the present Laos, Thailand and Vietnam that were under the control of the empire as well. As demonstrated by Ooi Keat Gin in Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopeida from Angkor Wat to East Timor Volume Two; highways were built—straight, stone-paved roads running across hundreds of kilometers, raised above the flood level, with stone bridges across rivers and lined with rest houses every 15 kilometers. Parts of some roads are still visible, even serving as the bed for modern roads. From the capital city, Angkor, there were at least two roads to the east and two to the west. One of the latter ran across the Dangrek Mountains to Phimai and another went due west toward Sisophon, which means toward the only lowland pass from Cambodia into eastern Thailand in the direction of Lopburi or Ayutthaya. Toward the east, one road has been traced almost to the Mekong, and according to an inscription in which these roads are described, it may continue as far as the capital of Champa1 1 Ooi. (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopeida from Angkor Wat to East Timor Volume Two, (California: ABC-CLIO.inc.) pg. -
Darwin Initiative Annual Report
Darwin Initiative Annual Report Important note: To be completed with reference to the Reporting Guidance Notes for Project Leaders: it is expected that this report will be about 10 pages in length, excluding annexes Submission Deadline: 30 April Darwin Project Information Project Reference 19-005 Project Title Underpinning the design and management of Cambodia's first Marine Protected Area (MPA) Host Country/ies Cambodia Contract Holder Institution Fauna & Flora International (FFI) Partner institutions Fisheries Administration (FiA), Royal Government of Cambodia; Coral Cay Conservation (CCC) Darwin Grant Value £293,526 Start/end dates of project 1st April 2012 – 31st March 2015 Reporting period (eg Apr Apr 2013 – Mar 2014, Annual Report 2 2013 – Mar 2014) and number (eg Annual Report 1, 2, 3) Project Leader name Ms Sophie Benbow Project website http://www.fauna-flora.org/closerlook/designing-cambodias- first-large-marine-protected-area/ (there is no project specific website) Report author(s) and date Mr Berry Mulligan, FFI Project Manager, based on FiA monthly reports by Kim Sokha, input from Ms Kate Longhurst (CCC) and minor input from Ouk Vibol (FiA). 08.05.2014 1. Project Rationale Cambodia's waters support a rich and abundant marine life including coral reefs, seagrass meadows, extensive mangrove forests and threatened species. Years of political turmoil and economic instability have resulted in a lack of financial and human resources within research and government institutions to implement effective conservation measures. In the face of major threats including overfishing and poorly planned coastal development, the need to protect Cambodia’s waters and the local communities who rely on them has never been so high. -
3. the Power Sector 3.1 Laws and Regulations
Final Report Chapter 3 The Power Sector 3. THE POWER SECTOR 3.1 LAWS AND REGULATIONS The legal and regulatory framework of the power sector of Cambodia is governed by the following laws: Electricity Law Other applicable laws, polices and regulations 3.1.1 Electricity Law The power sector of Cambodia is administered and managed under the Electricity Law which was enacted in February 2001. The Law provides a policy framework for the development of a largely unbundled sector, with substantial private sector participation in generation and distribution on a competitive basis. The Law aims at establishing: 1) the principles for operations in the electric power industry; 2) favourable conditions for investment and commercial operation; 3) the basis for the regulation of service provision; 4) the principles for protection of consumers interests to receive reliable services at reasonable cost; promotion of private ownership of the facilities; and establishment of competition. 5) the principles for granting rights and enforcing obligations; and 6) the Electricity Authority of Cambodia (EAC) for regulating the electricity services. The Law has two key objectives: 1) establishing an independent regulatory body, EAC; and 2) liberalizing generation and distribution functions to private sectors. Two functions of policy making and regulation are clearly separated as shown in Figure 3.1.1. The Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy (MIME) is responsible for policy making, including drafting laws, declaring policies, formulating plans, deciding on investments, etc. EAC is responsible for regulatory functions, including licensing service providers, approving tariffs, setting and enforcing performance standards, settling disputes, etc. The liberalization and deregulation of the sector has stimulated the private sector with resulting proliferation of independent power producers (IPP) and rural electricity enterprises (REE) in addition to the traditional public utility, the Electricite du Cambodge (EDC). -
Cambodia-10-Contents.Pdf
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Cambodia Temples of Angkor p129 ^# ^# Siem Reap p93 Northwestern Eastern Cambodia Cambodia p270 p228 #_ Phnom Penh p36 South Coast p172 THIS EDITION WRITTEN AND RESEARCHED BY Nick Ray, Jessica Lee PLAN YOUR TRIP ON THE ROAD Welcome to Cambodia . 4 PHNOM PENH . 36 TEMPLES OF Cambodia Map . 6 Sights . 40 ANGKOR . 129 Cambodia’s Top 10 . 8 Activities . 50 Angkor Wat . 144 Need to Know . 14 Courses . 55 Angkor Thom . 148 Bayon 149 If You Like… . 16 Tours . 55 .. Sleeping . 56 Baphuon 154 Month by Month . 18 . Eating . 62 Royal Enclosure & Itineraries . 20 Drinking & Nightlife . 73 Phimeanakas . 154 Off the Beaten Track . 26 Entertainment . 76 Preah Palilay . 154 Outdoor Adventures . 28 Shopping . 78 Tep Pranam . 155 Preah Pithu 155 Regions at a Glance . 33 Around Phnom Penh . 88 . Koh Dach 88 Terrace of the . Leper King 155 Udong 88 . Terrace of Elephants 155 Tonlé Bati 90 . .. Kleangs & Prasat Phnom Tamao Wildlife Suor Prat 155 Rescue Centre . 90 . Around Angkor Thom . 156 Phnom Chisor 91 . Baksei Chamkrong 156 . CHRISTOPHER GROENHOUT / GETTY IMAGES © IMAGES GETTY / GROENHOUT CHRISTOPHER Kirirom National Park . 91 Phnom Bakheng. 156 SIEM REAP . 93 Chau Say Tevoda . 157 Thommanon 157 Sights . 95 . Spean Thmor 157 Activities . 99 .. Ta Keo 158 Courses . 101 . Ta Nei 158 Tours . 102 . Ta Prohm 158 Sleeping . 103 . Banteay Kdei Eating . 107 & Sra Srang . 159 Drinking & Nightlife . 115 Prasat Kravan . 159 PSAR THMEI P79, Entertainment . 117. Preah Khan 160 PHNOM PENH . Shopping . 118 Preah Neak Poan . 161 Around Siem Reap . 124 Ta Som 162 . TIM HUGHES / GETTY IMAGES © IMAGES GETTY / HUGHES TIM Banteay Srei District . -
Paleoenvironmental History of the West Baray, Angkor (Cambodia)
Paleoenvironmental history of the West Baray, Angkor (Cambodia) Mary Beth Daya,1, David A. Hodellb, Mark Brennerc, Hazel J. Chapmana, Jason H. Curtisd, William F. Kenneyc, Alan L. Kolatae, and Larry C. Petersonf aDepartment of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3EQ; bDepartment of Earth Sciences and Godwin Laboratory for Palaeoclimate Research, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3EQ; cDepartment of Geological Sciences and Land Use and Environmental Change Institute, P.O. Box 112120, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611; dDepartment of Geological Sciences, P.O. Box 112120, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611; eDepartment of Anthropology, 1126 East 59th Street, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637; and fRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149 Edited by Mark H Thiemens, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, and approved November 22, 2011 (received for review July 15, 2011) Angkor (Cambodia) was the seat of the Khmer Empire from the 9th ture (1, 2, 12, 13). Tree ring records from Vietnam indicate to 15th century AD. The site is noted for its monumental architec- extended periods of severe drought punctuated by unusually rainy ture and complex hydro-engineering systems, comprised of canals, intervals during the late 14th and early 15th centuries (12) moats, embankments, and large reservoirs, known as barays. We (Fig. 2B). Such intense variability in multidecadal precipitation infer a 1,000-y, 14C-dated paleoenvironmental record from study of may have overwhelmed the capabilities of the water management an approximately 2-m sediment core taken in the largest Khmer network. -
Sthapatyakam. the Architecture of Cambodia
STHAPATYAKAM The Architecture of Cambodia ស䮐ាបតាយកម䮘កម䮖ុᾶ The “Stha Patyakam” magazine team in front of Vann Molyvann’s French Library on the RUPP Campus Supervisor Dr. Tilman Baumgärtel Thanks to Yam Sokly, Heritage Mission, who has Design Supervisor Christine Schmutzler shared general knowledge about architecture in STHAPATYAKAM Editorial Assistant Jenny Nickisch Cambodia, Oun Phalline, Director of National Museum, The Architecture of Cambodia Writers and Editors An Danhsipo, Bo Sakalkitya, Sok Sophal, Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Architecture, Chey Phearon, Chhuon Sophorn, Cheng Bunlong, for an exclusive interview, Chheang Sidath, architect at Dareth Rosaline, Heng Guechly, Heang Sreychea, Ly Chhuong Import & Export Company, Nhem Sonimol, ស䮐ាបតាយកម䮘កម䮖ុᾶ Kun Chenda, Kim Kotara, Koeut Chantrea, Kong Sovan, architect student, who contributed the architecture Leng Len, Lim Meng Y, Muong Vandy, Mer Chanpolydet, books, Chhit Vongseyvisoth, architect student, A Plus Sreng Phearun, Rithy Lomor Pich, Rann Samnang, who contributed the Independence Monument picture, Samreth Meta, Soy Dolla, Sour Piset, Song Kimsour, Stefanie Irmer, director of Khmer Architecture Tours, Sam Chanmaliny, Ung Mengyean, Ven Sakol, Denis Schrey from Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Phnom Department of Media and Communication Vorn Sokhan, Vann Chanvetey, Yar Ror Sartt, Penh for financial support of the printing, to the Royal University of Phnom Penh Yoeun Phary, Nou Uddom. Ministry of Tourism that has contributed the picture of Russian Boulevard, Phnom Penh Illustrator Lim -
International Conference on Asian Art, Culture and Heritage
Abstract Volume: International Conference on Asian Art, Culture and Heritage International Conference of the International Association for Asian Heritage 2011 Abstract Volume: Intenational Conference on Asian Art, Culture and Heritage 21th - 23rd August 2013 Sri Lanka Foundation, Colombo, Sri Lanka Editor Anura Manatunga Editorial Board Nilanthi Bandara Melathi Saldin Kaushalya Gunasena Mahishi Ranaweera Nadeeka Rathnabahu iii International Conference of the International Association for Asian Heritage 2011 Copyright © 2013 by Centre for Asian Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. First Print 2013 Abstract voiume: International Conference on Asian Art, Culture and Heritage Publisher International Association for Asian Heritage Centre for Asian Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. ISBN 978-955-4563-10-0 Cover Designing Sahan Hewa Gamage Cover Image Dwarf figure on a step of a ruined building in the jungle near PabaluVehera at Polonnaruva Printer Kelani Printers The views expressed in the abstracts are exclusively those of the respective authors. iv International Conference of the International Association for Asian Heritage 2011 In Collaboration with The Ministry of National Heritage Central Cultural Fund Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology Bio-diversity Secratariat, Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy v International Conference of the International Association for Asian Heritage 2011 Message from the Minister of Cultural and Arts It is with great pleasure that I write this congratulatory message to the Abstract Volume of the International Conference on Asian Art, Culture and Heritage, collaboratively organized by the Centre for Asian Studies, University of Kelaniya, Ministry of Culture and the Arts and the International Association for Asian Heritage (IAAH). It is also with great pride that I join this occasion as I am associated with two of the collaborative bodies; as the founder president of the IAAH, and the Minister of Culture and the Arts. -
National Reports on Wetlands in South China Sea
United Nations UNEP/GEF South China Sea Global Environment Environment Programme Project Facility “Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand” National Reports on Wetlands in South China Sea First published in Thailand in 2008 by the United Nations Environment Programme. Copyright © 2008, United Nations Environment Programme This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publicationas a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. UNEP/GEF Project Co-ordinating Unit, United Nations Environment Programme, UN Building, 2nd Floor Block B, Rajdamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Tel. +66 2 288 1886 Fax. +66 2 288 1094 http://www.unepscs.org DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of UNEP or the GEF. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, of the GEF, or of any cooperating organisation concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, of its authorities, or of the delineation of its territories or boundaries. Cover Photo: A vast coastal estuary in Koh Kong Province of Cambodia. Photo by Mr. Koch Savath. For citation purposes this document may be cited as: UNEP, 2008. -
Cambodian Journal of Natural History
Cambodian Journal of Natural History Artisanal Fisheries Tiger Beetles & Herpetofauna Coral Reefs & Seagrass Meadows June 2019 Vol. 2019 No. 1 Cambodian Journal of Natural History Editors Email: [email protected], [email protected] • Dr Neil M. Furey, Chief Editor, Fauna & Flora International, Cambodia. • Dr Jenny C. Daltry, Senior Conservation Biologist, Fauna & Flora International, UK. • Dr Nicholas J. Souter, Mekong Case Study Manager, Conservation International, Cambodia. • Dr Ith Saveng, Project Manager, University Capacity Building Project, Fauna & Flora International, Cambodia. International Editorial Board • Dr Alison Behie, Australia National University, • Dr Keo Omaliss, Forestry Administration, Cambodia. Australia. • Ms Meas Seanghun, Royal University of Phnom Penh, • Dr Stephen J. Browne, Fauna & Flora International, Cambodia. UK. • Dr Ou Chouly, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State • Dr Chet Chealy, Royal University of Phnom Penh, University, USA. Cambodia. • Dr Nophea Sasaki, Asian Institute of Technology, • Mr Chhin Sophea, Ministry of Environment, Cambodia. Thailand. • Dr Martin Fisher, Editor of Oryx – The International • Dr Sok Serey, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Journal of Conservation, UK. Cambodia. • Dr Thomas N.E. Gray, Wildlife Alliance, Cambodia. • Dr Bryan L. Stuart, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, USA. • Mr Khou Eang Hourt, National Authority for Preah Vihear, Cambodia. • Dr Sor Ratha, Ghent University, Belgium. Cover image: Chinese water dragon Physignathus cocincinus (© Jeremy Holden). The occurrence of this species and other herpetofauna in Phnom Kulen National Park is described in this issue by Geissler et al. (pages 40–63). News 1 News Save Cambodia’s Wildlife launches new project to New Master of Science in protect forest and biodiversity Sustainable Agriculture in Cambodia Agriculture forms the backbone of the Cambodian Between January 2019 and December 2022, Save Cambo- economy and is a priority sector in government policy. -
Supporting Forests and Biodiversity Twentieth Quarterly Report: July 1, 2017 – September 30, 2017
SUPPORTING FORESTS AND BIODIVERSITY TWENTIETH QUARTERLY REPORT: JULY 1, 2017 – SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 Cooperative Agreement Number: AID-442-A-13-00002 Activity Start Date and End Date: 11/9/2012 to 02/8/2018 AOR: Menglim Kim Submission date: October 30, 2017 Submitted by: Joel Jurgens, Chief of Party Winrock International Phnom Penh Center Building H, Room 588 Phnom Penh, Cambodia Tel: (855) 23 220 714 Email: [email protected] USAThisID Cambodia publication Supporting was prod Forestsuced forand reviewBiodiversity by the United States Agency for International Development. 1 It was prepared by Winrock International under Cooperative Agreement Number AID-442-A-13- 000002. Quarterly Report No. 20 July-September 2017 SUPPORTING FORESTS AND BIODIVERSITY TWENTIETH QUARTERLY REPORT: JULY 1, 2017 – SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 Date original report submitted to USAID: 30th October, 2017 Date comments received from USAID: 20th November, 2017 Date revised report submitted to USAID: 24th November, 2017 Date report approved by USAID: 29th November, 2017 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Quarterly Report No. 20 July-September 2017 Program Overview/Summary Program Name: Supporting Forests and Biodiversity Activity Start Date and End Date: November 9, 2012 to February 8, 2018 Name of Prime Implementing Winrock International Partner: [Contract/Agreement] Number: AID-442-A-13-00002 Wildlife Conservation Society -
Discovery Guide Welcome
DISCOVERY GUIDE WELCOME An ancient world inviting exploration. Located in the heart of Siem Reap, Anantara Angkor Resort is your ultimate access point to discover the ancient majesty of the Khmer empire. Admire the transcendent beauty as the sun’s first rays caress Angkor Wat. Marvel at nature reclaiming millennia-old temples. Gaze at exotic wildlife and spectacular natural attractions at the largest lake in Southeast Asia. Enjoy a romantic, candlelit dinner and Apsara show. The only limit is your imagination. We warmly invite you to peruse our carefully selected range of excursions to help stimulate your sense of curiosity and adventure. From these inspirational possibilities, we look forward to helping you curate adventures that nurture your passions and create unforgettable memories. Hospitably yours, Discovery Team ABOUT ANGKOR The most significant religious monument ever to have been constructed, the temples of Angkor are the greatest legacy of the mighty Khmer Empire and the ultimate expression of Cambodian ingenuity. Built over centuries, the ruins of this holy city are the remnants of the Angkorian capitals and represent the pinnacle of this ancient civilization. Angkor was the capital of the Khmer Empire, which flourished from approximately the 9th to 15th centuries and has been recognised as one of the most important archaeological sites in Southeast Asia. Spread across a staggering 400 square kilometers, the Angkor Archaeological Park is home to the remains of the different capitals of the Khmer Empire. 2 3 CONTENT CULINARY -
Siem Reap, Cambodia Destination Guide
Siem Reap, Cambodia Destination Guide Overview of Siem Reap Siem Reap lies on the northern shores of the Tonle Sap Lake. It's the main access city for Angkor's magnificent temples, and a popular launching pad for further travel into Cambodia and Thailand. Not just a headquarters for exploring neighbouring regions, it also boasts popular markets, craft shops, museums and Apsara dance performances. The Temple of Angkor Wat is Siem Reap's most famous feature. Situated just outside the city centre, the UNESCO World Heritage Site dates from the 12th century and is the largest religious monument in the world. Within the city, the Angkor National Museum provides a useful cultural and historical background for the Angkor Temples and the ancient Khmer civilisation. The Aki Ra Landmine Museum is also worthwhile as it gives tourists an understanding of the ongoing war Cambodia is still fighting against these buried weapons. Siem Reap has budget- and luxury guesthouses, and a host of fun bars and excellent restaurants. With so much in the way of amenities and attractions, the city is a great base from which to venture into other parts of this fascinating country. Visitors will find silk farms, rice paddies and fishing villages in the surrounding countryside, as well as a bird sanctuary near Tonle Sap Lake - one of Asia's largest freshwater lakes. The area is home to charming villages on stilts, built to accommodate monsoon flooding. Key Facts Language: Khmer is the official language. French is also spoken, but English is fast becoming popular with the younger generation.