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This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from Explore Bristol Research This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Yoon, Suk-Joon Title: Sino-South Korean relations, 1971-1990 : in the context of economic and international politics. General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. SINO-SOUTH KOREAN RELATIONS. 1971-1990: IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOWC AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS LCDR Suk-Joon Yoon A thesis submitted to the University of Bristol in fullfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Social Science, Department of Politics November 1992 7be relationship between China and South Korea during the years 1971 to 1990 is of fundamental importance to the future development of the Asian-Pacific region. After a long period of neglect. this relationship Is now being studied anew: as a dynamic centre of world economic power, as a theatre for world political events, and as a potential crisis zone. Sino-South Korea relations play a vital role in the political and economic development of the entire region. with concomitant repercussions for the global economy and the international security order. In the past relations between China and Korea have been detennined by three major factors: geographical proximity, the shared traditional culture of Confucianism. and the Korean War and the subsequent Cold War. 7be rapid evolving domestic situations within both countries. as well as changes in the international environment. have led. during the last two decades. to signifIcant developments In the relationship. As allies China and South Korea would undoubtedly be the deciding factor in any major regional conflict., as enemies any serious hostilities would leave both severely debilitated. But armed conflict apart, the degree of political confrontation and the extent to which their divergent Interests can be reconciled are of global import. 7be changing postures which the two countries have taken towards each other during the 1970's and 1980's warrant a fresh and detailed exan-dnation of their relations. The dissertaUon argues that for both China and South Korea economic. political and strategic interests are closely interwoven. 7be order of discussion is not intended to give precedence to the economic relationship and over political and Strategic issues. but rather to suggest how priorities have shifted as the intricate pattern of relations has developed:in the VD70s the relationship was dominated by the international environment: in the first half of the 1980's. incidental political issues shaped relations, and in the late 1980's the emphasis shifted to the dynamics of economic interdependencebetween China and South Korea. I 7bis paper takes a balanced approach, paying equal attention to both politico- strategic and economic aspects. The first chapter examines the style and legacies of the historical background. dealing with basic roots ofthe relations between China and Korea. 7be rest of the chapters highlight the politico-strategic and economic relations between China and South Korea during 1971-1990, this part being divided into four time segments: cautious responses. 1971-November 1978; encouraging developments. December 1978-1984; defacto recognition. 1985-1987; beyond the Cold War, 1988-1990. Il My first debt is to my supervisor Dr Gerald Segal for his patient assistance and professional approach, and to many other members of the Politics Department of Bristol University for their encouragement. I would like to thank the South Korean Navy. for the financial support which made possible both the research and the subsequent wTiting. 7hanks are also due to Mr 7beo FarreH and Mr J. Wood for re- styling my English at the last moment. I am grateful for the efficient and cheerful assistance of the Inter-LAbrary- Loan (ILL) staff at Bristol University. the Chatham House Press Library at the Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA). the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) and the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. I owe particular gratitude to the kind government officials and businessmen of both China and South Korea who agreed to be Interviewed for this research. III F.1 zws IN)Die) '!. I All 0 to) i This, dissertation in my own independent not , work and was conducted in coUaboration with. or with the assistance of others. LCDR Suk-Joon Yoon -, IV ABSTRACT I ACKNOU'LEDGEMENTS III DECLARATION IV TABLE OF CONTENTS v ABBREVIATIONS vil INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE: THE IYMACY OF THE PAST 10 1.1 Background 10 1.2 China and the Korean War 19 1.3 The Ideological Struggle after the Korean war 26 1.4 Conclusions 32 Notes 34 CHAPTER TWO: CAUTIOUS RESPONSES, 1971-NOVEMBER 1978 39 2.1 Politico-Strategic Relations 39 2.2 Economic Relations 65 2.3 Conclusions 73 Notes 75 CHAPTER THREE: ENCOURAGING DEVELOPMENTS. DECEMBER 1978-1984 81 V 3.1 Politico-Strategic Relations 81 3.2 Economic Relations 107 3.3 Conclusions 122 Notes 125 CHAPTER FOUR: DE PACTO RECOGMTION, 1985-1987 133 4.1 Politico-Strategic Relations 133 4.2 Economic Relations 154 4.3 Conclusions 166 Notes 168 CHAPTER FIVE: BEYOND THE COLD WAR, 1988-1990 174 5.1 Politico-Strategic Relations 174 5.2 Economic Relations 201 5.3 Conclusions 228 Notes 230 CONCLUSIONS 238 BibHography 249 vi ABB-itnimioNS (For the text and notes) ABU (Asian Broadcasting Union) AFB (Asian Football Confederation) APACL (Asian Pacific Anti-communist League) APBU (Asian-Pacific Broadcasting Union), AS (Asian Survey) , ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) ASPAC (Asian Pacific Council) ASTC (China Asia Satellite Telecommunications Company Ltd. ) BBC (British Broadcasting Corp. ) BR (Beijing Review) CAAC (CMI Aviation Administration of China) CASS (China Academy of Social Science) CCIC (China Chamber of Industrial Commerce) CCP (Chinese Communist Party) CCPCC (Chinese Communist Party Central Committee) CCPIT (China Council for Promotion of International Trade) CCTV (China Central Television Station) CMC (China Industrial Trust & Investment Corp. ) COSCO (China Ocean Shipping Company) CPV (Chinese People's Volunteers) DFI (Direct Foreign Investment) DMZ (Dernflitarised Zone) DPRK (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) EPB (Economic Planning Board) ESCAP (United Nations Economic Social Commission of Asian & the Pacific) FBIS (Foreign Broadcasting Information Service) FEER (Far Eastern Econornic Review) w F19 (Federal Korean Industry) FOB (Free-of-Broad) FTC (Foreign Trade Corp. ) IBRD (International Bank of Reconstruction and Development) ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation) TISS (International Institute for Strategic Studies) IMF (International Monetary Fund) INF (Intermedlate-range Nuclear Forces) IOC (International Olympic Committee) IPECK (International Private Economic Council of Korea) JJRB (jingji Ribao) I JSP (Japanese Socialist Party) KADIZ (Korea Air Defence Identification Zone) HAL (Korea Airline) KCIA (Korea Central Intelligence Agency) KCNA (Korea Central News Agency) KEC (Korea Electric Corp. ) KETC (Korea Electric Telecommunication Corp. ) KMIC (Korea Mining Industry Corp. ) KMT (Kuomintang) KOTRA (Korea Trade Promotion Corp. ) KPG, (Provisional Government of the Republic of Great Korea) KPIC (Korea Plastic Industrial Corporation) KSMCA (Korea Association of Small-Medium Companies) KTA (Korea Mrade Association) KWA (Korea World Affairs) MAC (Military Armistice Commission) MFA (Multiftbre Arrangements) MFN (Most Favourable Nations) Vill NCNA (New China News Agency: Xinhua) NEAJUA (Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army) NICs (Newly Industrialised. Countries) NlEs (Newly Industrialised Economies) NSPA (National Security Planning Agency) MOFA (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) MOFERT (China Ministry of Foreign Econornic Relations & Trade) MT1 (Ministry of Trade Industry) OCA (Olympic Committee in Asia) OEM (Original Equipment of Manufacture) PLA (People's Liberation Army) POSCO (Pohang Iron & Steel Corp. ) PPD (Party for Peace and Democracy) PRC (People's Republic of China) PR (Pacific Review) RIIA (Royal Institute of InternaUonal Affairs) RMRB (Remin Mao) ROC (Republic of China) ROK (Republic of Korea) SEZs (Special Economic Zones) SINOCHEM (China National Coal Import & Export Corp. ) SLOOC (Seoul Olympic Organisation Committee) SRV (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) SWB (Summary of World Broadcasts) TE rMe Economist) M Me Independent) Tr (The Times) UN (United
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