DOCSLIB.ORG

The Deadwood Formation (Cambro-Ordovician) and Underlying Strata in Saskatchewan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Deadwood Formation (Cambro-Ordovician) and Underlying Strata in Saskatchewan Review of Regional Stratigraphic Relationships of the Winnipeg Group (Ordovician), the Deadwood Formation (Cambro-Ordovician) and Underlying Strata in Saskatchewan D.F. Paterson Paterson, D.F. (1988): Review of regional stratigraphic relationships of the Winnipeg Group (Ordovician), the Deadwood Forma­ tion (Cambro-Ordovician) and underlying strata in Saskatchewan; in Summary of Investigations 1988, Saskatchewan Geological Survey; Saskatchewan Energy and Mines, Miscellaneous Report 88-4. The lowermost Phanerozoic rocks in southern Sas­ are Late Cambrian (Dresbachian through T rempeal­ katchewan and adjoining areas to the east, west and eauan) and Units C through F are Early Ordovician south comprise a sequence of interbedded sandstones, (Tremadocian through Arenigian). Their isopach maps siltstones and shales underlying carbonates of the Or­ show that it is mostly Units A and B, 100 m at their thick­ dovician Red River Formation. Dowling (1900) and Dar­ est development, which extend into Saskatchewan, with ton (1901) reported on outcrops of the sequence from perhaps 50 m of Unit C present in the extreme Lake Winnipeg and Black Hills respectively, and southeast. Units D through F are restricted to the central numerous later studies included much subsurface data part of the Williston Basin and are therefore entirely ab­ from areas where deep wells had been drilled (see, sent in Saskatchewan. most recently, Anderson (1988) for North Dakota and, for a comprehensive list of references, Lefever et al. The above implies that the Deadwood Formation in east­ (1987)). ern Saskatchewan is essentially Late Cambrian, with pos­ sibly a small area of Early Ordovician (T remadocian) in The uppermost strata of the sequence in Saskatchewan the southeast. Units C through E extend westward into form the Winnipeg Formation, which has a maximum Montana, consistent with finds there of Lower Or­ thickness of 67 m. Paterson ( 1971) subdivided it into a dovician fossils by Ross (1957). lower Black Island Member and an upper Icebox Mem­ ber, and documented their stratigraphic and areal ex­ In the western part of southern Saskatchewan, Fyson tents. His subdivisions agreed essentially with those of (1961) called the entire sequence Deadwood Formation. Carlson (1960) who recognized a third uppermost mem­ He proposed three subdivisions: 1) Lower Deadwood ber called the Roughlock. Carlson's proposal that a thin Unit, 2) Middle Deadwood Unit, and 3) Upper Dead­ band of the Roughlock extends into extreme southeast wood and Winnipeg Unit. He claimed the Winnipeg, Saskatchewan has not so far been confirmed. Carlson which was poorly developed in the eastern part of his and Anderson (1965) raised the Winnipeg to group area, as a facies of the Deadwood and postulated the status and the members to formations. Cambro-Ordovician boundary to lie near the top of his Middle Deadwood Unit. In Manitoba, Vigrass (1971) and McCabe (1978) similar­ ly defined the Winnipeg Formation but subdivided it into Van Hees (1964) went much further. He correlated the Upper and Lower Units. lower part of the sequence in western Saskatchewan with formations of Middle Cambrian age lying below the There is general agreement that the Winnipeg Forma­ Deadwood Formation in Alberta. These are, in ascend­ tion is Middle Ordovician in age (Lefever et al. (1987) ing stratigraphic order, the Cathedral, Stephen and specify Caradocian) and rests uncomformably upon the Eldon Formations. He recognized also the Pika Mem­ underlying strata. In the eastern part of southern Sask­ ber, a carbonate development at the top of the Eldon. atchewan, it directly overlies Precambrian metamorphic Preliminary work being done by the author for the new rocks. In the west, towards the Alberta border, it overlies Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary a wedge of sedimentary strata which increases gradually Basin seems to substantiate some of these correlations. to a maximum recorded thickness of 514 m. Geologists Van Hees's maps show these strata to extend east­ in Saskatchewan have generally recognized this se­ wards from the Alberta border for some 275 km at the quence as the Deadwood Formation and considered it latitude of Uoydminster and for some 150 km into the to be Cambrian in age, although van Hees (1964) sug­ southwestern corner of Saskatchewan where they attain gested the presence of several formations below the a thickness of approximately 170 m. The rocks reach a Deadwood, and Ross (1957) recovered Lower Or­ thickness of nearly 250 m 100 km south of Lloydminster. dovician fossils from the Deadwood in northeastern Montana. Van Hees recognized the upper part of the sequence as Deadwood Formation, assigning it a Late Cambrian - Lefever et al. (1987) showed that the Deadwood Forma­ Early Ordovician age (Dresbachian through Tremad­ tion is over 250 m thick where it is most fully preserved ocian), and the uppermost strata to the east as Win­ in the central part of the Williston Basin in North Dakota. nipeg Formation. His maps show the Deadwood extend­ They subdivided it into six units, A through F in ascend­ ing almost to the Manitoba border, thickening in the ing stratigraphic order, and reported that Units A and B west to some 300 m in the south-central part of the 224 Summary of Investigations 1987 province and to approximately 340 m in an area 50 km Carlson , C.G. (1960): Stratigraphy of the Winnipeg and Dead­ north of Lloydminster. He has attempted to separate the wood Formations in North Dakota; N. Oak. Geo!. Surv., Cambrian and Ordovician portions of the formation Bull. 35, 149p. using the ·m· marker of Fuller and Porter (1962). This Carlson, C.G. and Anderson, S.S. (1965): Sedimentary and separation implies the presence of some 200 m of tectonic history of North Dakota part of the Williston Cambrian Deadwood and about 100 m of Ordovician Basin; Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geo!. Bull., v49, p1833-1846. Deadwood. In comparison, Lefever's figures are 100 m of Cambrian and 150 m of Ordovician in the Deadwood Darton, N.H. (1901): Preliminary description of the geology of North Dakota. It is instructive to compare the 300 m and water resources of the southern half of the Black Hills of Van Hees's Deadwood and the 250 m of Lefever's and adjoining regions In South Dakota and Wyoming; Deadwood with the much thicker 514 m of "Deadwood" U.S. Geo!. Surv., 21st Annu. Rep., Pt.4, p502·508. presently ascribed to western Saskatchewan. Dowling, D.S. (1900): Report on the geology of the west shore and islands of Lake Winnipeg; Geol. Surv. Can., Annu. Conclusions Rep. F, 100p. Fuller, J.G. and Porter, J .W. (1962): Cambrian, Ordovician and 1) The lowermost Phanerozoic strata in western Sask­ Silurian formations of the northern Great Plains, and their atchewan are probably Middle Cambrian and corre­ regional connections; Alberta Soc. Petrol. Geol. J., v10, late with the Cathedral, Stephen and Eldon Forma­ no8, p455-485. tions of southern Alberta. 2) The overlying strata in western Saskatchewan Fyson, W.K. (1961): Deadwood and Winnipeg stratigraphy in belong to the Deadwood Formation and are Late southwestern Saskatchewan; Sask. Miner. Resour., Cambrian to Early Ordovician (Dresbachian­ Rep. 64, 37p. Tremadocian). Lefever, A.O., Thompson, S.C. and Anderson, D.S. (1987): Ear­ 3) In southeastern Saskatchewan, the Deadwood For­ liest Paleozoic history of the Williston Basin in North mation rests directly on Precambrian basement and Dakota; in Fifth International Williston Basin Symposium; comprises strata of Dresbachian through Tremadoc­ Sask. Geol. Soc./ N. Oak. Geol. Soc., Spec. Pub!. 9, p22· ian age. It is not known if the Tremadocian strata are 36. laterally continuous with their western counterparts across southern Saskatchewan. McCabe, H.R. (1978): Reservoir potential of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formations in southwest Manitoba; Manit. 4) In eastern Saskatchewan, only the Cambrian portion Dep. Mines, Geol. Pap. 78-3, 54p. of the Deadwood is preserved, resting directly on Precambrian. Paterson, D.F. (1971): The stratigraphy of the Winnipeg Forma­ 5) The Winnipeg Formation is present from the tion (Ordovician) of Saskatchewan; Sask. Miner. Resour., Manitoba border to within 100 km of the Alberta bor­ Rep. 140, 57p. der. It overlies the Deadwood Formation in central southern Saskatchewan and rests directly on Ross, R.J. (1957): Ordovician fossils from wells in the Williston Precambrian in the extreme east. It is believed to be Basin, eastern Montana; U.S. Geo!. Surv., Bull. 1021, Pt.M, p439·510. Middle Ordovician in age, possibly Caradocian. Van Hees, M. (1964): Cambrian ; in McCrossan, A.G. and Glaister, A.P.(eds.), Geological History of Western References Canada; Alberta Soc. Petrol. Geol., Calgary. Chap. 3, Pt.1, p20-28. Anderson, 0. (1988): Progradational sequences in Lower Or­ dovician portion of Deadwood Formation. Williston Basin Vigrass, L.W. (1971): Depositional framework of the Winnipeg (abstract); Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Rocky Mtn. Sect. Formation in Manitoba and eastern Saskatchewan; Geol. Meet., Bismarck, N.D. Assoc. Can., Spec. Pap. 9, p225-234. Saskatchewan Geological Survey 225 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Helium in Southwestern Saskatchewan: Accumulation and Geological Setting
    Open File Report 2016-1 Helium in Southwestern Saskatchewan: Accumulation and Geological Setting Melinda M. Yurkowski 2016 (Revised 14 December 2016) Saskatchewan Geological Survey ii Open File Report 2016-1 Open File Report 2016-1 Helium in Southwestern Saskatchewan: Accumulation and Geological Setting Melinda M. Yurkowski 2016 (Revised 14 December 2016) Printed under the authority of the Minister of the Economy © 2016, Government of Saskatchewan Although the Saskatchewan Ministry of the Economy has exercised all reasonable care in the compilation, interpretation and production of this product, it is not possible to ensure total accuracy, and all persons who rely on the information contained herein do so at their own risk. The Saskatchewan Ministry of the Economy and the Government of Saskatchewan do not accept liability for any errors, omissions or inaccuracies that may be included in, or derived from, this product. This product is available for viewing and download at: http://www.publications.gov.sk.ca/deplist.cfm?d=310&c=176 Information from this publication may be used if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this publication be made in the following form: Yurkowski, M.M. (2016): Helium in southwestern Saskatchewan: accumulation and geological setting; Saskatchewan Ministry of the Economy, Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Open File Report 2016-1, 20p. and Microsoft® Excel® file. Saskatchewan Geological Survey ii Open File Report 2016-1 Contents Introduction and Study Area ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mannville Group of Saskatchewan
    Saskatchewan Report 223 Industry and Resources Saskatchewan Geological Survey Jura-Cretaceous Success Formation and Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group of Saskatchewan J.E. Christopher 2003 19 48 Printed under the authority of the Minister of Industry and Resources Although the Department of Industry and Resources has exercised all reasonable care in the compilation, interpretation, and production of this report, it is not possible to ensure total accuracy, and all persons who rely on the information contained herein do so at their own risk. The Department of Industry and Resources and the Government of Saskatchewan do not accept liability for any errors, omissions or inaccuracies that may be included in, or derived from, this report. Cover: Clearwater River Valley at Contact Rapids (1.5 km south of latitude 56º45'; latitude 109º30'), Saskatchewan. View towards the north. Scarp of Middle Devonian Methy dolomite at right. Dolomite underlies the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation outcrops recessed in the valley walls. Photo by J.E. Christopher. Additional copies of this digital report may be obtained by contacting: Saskatchewan Industry and Resources Publications 2101 Scarth Street, 3rd floor Regina, SK S4P 3V7 (306) 787-2528 FAX: (306) 787-2527 E-mail: [email protected] Recommended Citation: Christopher, J.E. (2003): Jura-Cretaceous Success Formation and Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group of Saskatchewan; Sask. Industry and Resources, Report 223, CD-ROM. Editors: C.F. Gilboy C.T. Harper D.F. Paterson RnD Technical Production: E.H. Nickel M.E. Opseth Production Editor: C.L. Brown Saskatchewan Industry and Resources ii Report 223 Foreword This report, the first on CD to be released by the Petroleum Geology Branch, describes the geology of the Success Formation and the Mannville Group wherever these units are present in Saskatchewan.
    [Show full text]
  • TGI Strat Column 2009.Cdr
    STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION CHART TGI II: Williston Basin Architecture and Hydrocarbon Potential in Eastern Saskatchewan and Western Manitoba EASTERN MANITOBA PERIOD MANITOBA SUBSURFACE SASKATCHEWAN OUTCROP ERA glacial drift glacial drift glacial drift Quaternary Wood Mountain Formation Peace Garden Peace Garden Member Tertiary Member Ravenscrag Formation CENOZOIC Formation Goodlands Member Formation Goodlands Member Turtle Mountain Turtle Mountain Turtle Frenchman Formation Whitemud Formation Boissevain Formation Boissevain Formation Eastend Formation Coulter Member Coulter Member Bearpaw Formation Odanah Member Belly River “marker” Odanah Member Belly River Formation “lower” Odanah Member Millwood Member Lea Park Formation Millwood Member MONTANA GROUP Pembina Member Pembina Member Pierre Shale Pierre Shale Milk River Formation Gammon Ferruginous Member Gammon Ferruginous Member Niobrara Formation Chalky Unit Boyne Member Boyne Member Boyne Calcareous Shale Unit Member Carlile Morden Member Carlile upper Formation Morden Member Formation Morden Member Carlile Formation Assiniboine Marco Calcarenite Assiniboine Member Member CRETACEOUS Second White Specks Laurier Limestone Beds Favel Favel Keld Keld Member Member Formation Formation Belle Fourche Formation Belle Fourche Member MESOZOIC COLORADO GROUP Belle Fourche Member upper Fish Scale Formation Fish Scale Zone upper Base of Fish Scale marker Base of Fish Scale marker Westgate Formation Westgate Member lower Westgate Member Newcastle Formation Newcastle Member lower Viking Sandstone
    [Show full text]
  • Reservoir Characterization and Modelling of Potash Mine Injection Wells in Saskatchewan
    RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELLING OF POTASH MINE INJECTION WELLS IN SASKATCHEWAN A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science In the Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By DAVID PHILLIPS Copyright David Phillips, December, 2018. All rights reserved PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis/dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis/dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis/dissertation work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis/dissertation or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis/dissertation. Requests for permission to copy or to make other uses of materials in this thesis/dissertation in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering University of Saskatchewan 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A9, Canada OR Dean College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies University of Saskatchewan 116 Thorvaldson Building, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada i ABSTRACT In the Saskatchewan potash mining industry vast quantities of brine wastewater are generated from potash processing and mine inflow water.
    [Show full text]
  • Williston Basin Project (Targeted Geoscience Initiative II): Summary Report on Paleozoic Stratigraphy, Mapping and Hydrocarbon A
    Williston Basin Project (Targeted Geoscience Initiative II): Summary report on Paleozoic stratigraphy, mapping and GP2008-2 hydrocarbon assessment, southwestern Manitoba By M.P.B. Nicolas and D. Barchyn GEOSCIENTIFIC PAPER Geoscientific Paper GP2008-2 Williston Basin Project (Targeted Geoscience Initiative II): Summary report on Paleozoic stratigraphy, mapping and hydrocarbon assessment, southwestern Manitoba by M.P.B. Nicolas and D. Barchyn Winnipeg, 2008, reprinted with minor revisions January, 2009 Science, Technology, Energy and Mines Mineral Resources Division Hon. Jim Rondeau John Fox Minister Assistant Deputy Minister John Clarkson Manitoba Geological Survey Deputy Minister E.C. Syme Director ©Queen’s Printer for Manitoba, 2008, reprinted with minor revisions, January 2009 Every possible effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this report, but Manitoba Science, Technol- ogy, Energy and Mines does not assume any liability for errors that may occur. Source references are included in the report and users should verify critical information. Any digital data and software accompanying this publication are supplied on the understanding that they are for the sole use of the licensee, and will not be redistributed in any form, in whole or in part, to third parties. Any references to proprietary software in the documentation and/or any use of proprietary data formats in this release do not constitute endorsement by Manitoba Science, Technology, Energy and Mines of any manufacturer’s product. When using information from this publication in other publications or presentations, due acknowledgment should be given to the Manitoba Geological Survey. The following reference format is recommended: Nicolas, M.P.B, and Barchyn, D.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrogeologic Framework for the Madison and Minnelusa Aquifers in the Black Hills Area
    Hydrogeologic Framework for the Madison and Minnelusa Aquifers in the Black Hills Area by Jonathan D.R.G. McKaskey A thesis submitted to the Graduate Division in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA 2013 Prepared by: _____________________________________ Jonathan D.R.G McKaskey, Degree Candidate Approved by: _____________________________________ Dr. Arden Davis, Major Professor _____________________________________ Dr. Jennifer Benning, Graduate Division Representative _____________________________________ Dr. Kurt Katzenstein, Committee Member _____________________________________ Dr. Andrew Long, Committee Member _____________________________________ Dr. Laurie Anderson, Head of Department of Geology and Geological Engineering _____________________________________ Dr. Douglas Wells, Dean of Graduate Education i Abstract More than 50 percent of the public drinking water systems and more than 90 percent of the population in South Dakota rely solely on groundwater. This dependence on groundwater raises important questions regarding the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in and near the Black Hills of South Dakota, including groundwater availability, the effects of water use or drought, mixing of regional flow and local recharge, and the effects of capture zones of springs and wells on the groundwater-flow system. These questions are best addressed with a three-dimensional numerical groundwater-flow model that
    [Show full text]
  • Cross-Section of Paleozoic Rocks of Western North Dakota
    JolfN P. BLOEMLE N. D. Geological Survey NORTH DAKOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WILSON M. LAIRD, State Geologist Miscel1aneous Series No. 34 CROSS-SECTION OF PALEOZOIC ROCKS OF WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA BY CLARENCE G. CARLSON Reprinted from Stratigraphic Cross Section of Paleozoic Rocks-Oklahoma to Saskatchewan, 1967: The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Cross Section Publication 5, p. 13-15, 1 Plate Grand Forks, North Dakota, 1967 NORTH DAKOTAI (Section E-F. Plate 5) C. G. CARLSON' Grand Forks, North Dakota INTRODUCTION which, in ascending order, are the Black Island, Icebox, The North Dakota segment of the cross section was and Roughlock. The Black Island generally consists of constructed with the base of the Spearfish Formation as clean quartzose sandstone, the Icebox of greenish-gray, noncalcareous shale, and the Roughlock of greenish-gray the datum. However, the Permian-Triassic boundary to brownish-gray, calcareous shale or siltstone. now is thought to be within redbeds of the Spearfish The Black Island and Icebox Formations can be Formation (Dow, 1964). If this interpretation is cor­ traced northward to Saskatchewan, but they have not rect, perhaps as much as 300 ft of Paleozoic rocks in been recognized as formations there and are included in well 3 and smaller thicknesses in wells I, 2, and 4-12 an undivided Winnipeg Formation. The Black Island are excluded from Plate 5. pinches out southwestward because of nondeposition Wells were selected which best illustrate the Paleozo­ along the Cedar Creek anticline, but the Icebox and ic section and its facies changes in the deeper part of Roughlock Formations, although not present on the the Williston basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Potential Heat Stored in the Aquifers/Reservoirs Of
    ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL HEAT STORED IN THE DEEP AQUIFERS OF THE WILLISTON BASIN FOR GEOTHERMAL ENERGY PRODUCTION A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering University of Saskatchewan By Lotanna Somadina Ufondu Copyright Lotanna S. Ufondu, July, 2017. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE STATEMENT AND DISCLAIMER In presenting this thesis/dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirement for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis/dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis/dissertation work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis/dissertation or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis/dissertation. Requests for permission to copy or to make other uses of materials in this thesis/dissertation in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering 3B48.3 Engineering Building, 57 Campus Drive University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A9 Canada i ABSTRACT As the world shifts from fossil based energy generation towards renewable energy, it is important to consider the role geothermal energy can play in Saskatchewan.
    [Show full text]
  • Bachelor Thesis
    DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Bachelor Thesis Year Student’s Name Title of Thesis Supervisor(s) 1973 Cole, Marian Flow of Fluids in the Winnipeg Formation of L. Vigrass Kathleen Saskatchewan 1973 Shaw, Darrell E. The Geology of the Orphan Lake Area J. Lewry 1974 Posehn, Gary The Geology of the Mawdsley Lake Area J. Lewry 1974 Thomas, Mike A Review of Orogenic Fronts and Structural Domain J. Lewry Relations, with Comparisons to The Hudsonian Orogen in The Saskatchewan Precambrian 1975 Letson, John R. J. A Comparison of Four Palynomorph Zones of the Upper D. Kent Devonian Saskatchewan Group and Equivalent Rocks of Western Canada by Statistical Analysis of the Palynomorph Leiosphaeridia Eisenack, 1958 1975 Hulbert, Larry Structure of the Fraser Lake Gabbro Complex, Northern G. Parslow Manitoba 1976 Garven, Grant Hydrodynamics and Hydrogeochemistry of the Deadwood L. Vigrass Formation, Saskatchewan 1976 Potter, Dean Structural-metamorphic Geology of the Numabin Bay J. Lewry Area, Reindeer Lake, Saskatchewan 1978 Thomas, David The Geology of the Compulsion River Area, Saskatchewan J. Lewry 1978 Haidl, Fran A Sedimentologic and Geochemical Analysis of the D. Kent Frobisher Evaporite in the Benson Oilfield, Southeastern Saskatchewan 1980 Tritthardt, Allan The Lithologies and Depositional Environment of the D. Kent Upper Member of the Shaunavon Formation of the Whitemud Field 1981 Davison, D.A. The Paleoecology and Diagenesis of a Middle Devonian D. Kent Reef in the Outcrop Region of Lake Manitoba 1981 Robb, Brian The Harmattan Reef: a Core Study of a Dolomitized Upper D. Kent Devonian Leduc reef, Harmattan Area, Alberta, Canada 1982 Arne, Dennis Petrography and Geochemistry of the Nowyak Lake Area B.
    [Show full text]
  • HERRERA-THESIS-2013.Pdf (12.72Mb)
    A PETROLEUM SYSTEM STUDY OF THE CRATONIC WILLISTON BASIN IN NORTH DAKOTA, U.S.A.: THE ROLE OF THE LARAMIDE OROGENY A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Houston -------------------------------------------- In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science -------------------------------------------- By Henry Herrera August 2013 A PETROLEUM SYSTEM STUDY OF THE CRATONIC WILLISTON BASIN IN NORTH DAKOTA, U.S.A.: THE ROLE OF THE LARAMIDE OROGENY Henry Herrera APPROVED: Dr. Jolante Van Wijk, Chairman Dr. Guoquan Wang Dr. Constantin Sandu Dean, College of Natural Science and Mathematics ii DEDICATION To Jesus, my mom, dad, and sister, and all the people that believed in me. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to thank God because he is always with me. Thanks to my mother, father, and sister because they are always there for me. Thanks to Dr. Jolante Van Wijk because she supported me in good and bad moments during the thesis project, and did not let me quit. Thanks to Dr. Constantin Sandu and Dr. Wang for being part of my committee. I am thankful to Ismail Ahmad Abir and Kevin Schmidt for being patient helping me with my GIS problems. Thanks to Simon Echegu for his geochemical advice and friendship. Finally, thanks to the North Dakota Geological Survey (NDGS) for the provided information for the conclusion this thesis. iv A PETROLEUM SYSTEM STUDY OF THE CRATONIC WILLISTON BASIN IN NORTH DAKOTA, U.S.A.: THE ROLE OF THE LARAMIDE OROGENY An Abstract of a Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Houston -------------------------------------------- In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science -------------------------------------------- By Henry Herrera August 2013 v ABSTRACT The Williston Basin is a Phanerozoic intracratonic basin located in the northern USA (North Dakota, South Dakota and Montana) and southern Canada (Manitoba and Saskatchewan).
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Contour Map, Top of Deadwood Formation, Piedmont Quadrangle By
    Structural Contour Map, Top of Deadwood Formation, Piedmont Quadrangle By (D A.L. Lisenbee, A.D. Davis, M.H. Price, and K.M. Grigg E A D M ) A E N 2012 S M E O D U A N E T M A T IN o 27'30" o R ) 103 30' 6 000m. 6 6 6 (TILFORD) 6 6 6 6 6 O 20 E. 21 22 R. 5 E. R. 6 E. 24 25 26 25' 27 28 29 103 22'30" (F o 44 15' o 0 4 510 8 44 15' 0 00 0 49 1 6 E 0 l 0 00 k 38 1 7 4 0 4 0 4 0 8 3 1 0 6 5 4 2 0 4200 31 0 8 49 000m. 0 00 N. 0 0 0 1 4 5 9 8 3 0 3 0 k 0 V 6 0 ree 0 46 T 0 C 0 00 0 2 4 49 0 3 0 00 0 H 2 3 1 5 0 0 0 3 9 0 0 2 51 4 0 2 00 3 0 35 0 0 00 4 0 5 0 0 3 V 4 0 00 4 0 9 4 3 3 3 6 0 7 00 0 0 Qal 0 3 3 2 3 3 0 1 5 4 0 420 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 4 0 7 0 4 4 0 T 0 3 0 0 8 4 48 4 0 0 0 99 7 6 49 0 0 0 00 0 0 4 4 5 4 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 10 0 12 7 8 9 2 0 10 48 11 OCd 0 4 6 4 0 99 4 7 0 0 A q u i f e r 0 2 A q u i f e r 5 0 4 0 4 2 0 6 0 0 Dalton Lake 0 4 49 1 00 0 2 0 7 0 0 36 Qal 4 00 4 50 700 0 R e c h a r g e 0 50 2 4 8 00 T 0 46 0 2 9 48 0 98 47 0 3 00 4900 3 9 0 0 3 F 0 0 50 4900 0 0 0 0 4 4 4898 A r e a 4 4 8 800 0 Spring 0 36 00 0 0 6 M 4 V 3800 0 0 0 47 5 00 Spring 3 18 16 800 5 17 15 14 0 13 Spring 0 15 0 4 5 0 49 0 00 4897 OCd 45 48 4 F 0 97 9 0 4 5 200 4 0 0 1 0 0 44 0 0 00 0 0 80 44 3 0 0 3 0 3 0 1 0 Sp 3 ring 0 3 2 0 3 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 3 OCd 80 0 4 M 5 0 0 0 0 450 4 4 48 Spring 0 96 0 12' 30" 4 12' 30" 0 1 4 0 0 8 9 0 0 4 4 48 0 9 0 96 0 M 22 23 24 19 20 21 22 Spring 3 6 0 3 0 4 3 7 7 4 3 8 0 2 0 00 0 4 0 0 45 4 9 0 0 8 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 4 8 0 0 0 48 00 95 4 48 00 00 5100 48 4895 0 0 46 4500 4 52 1 0 0 0 0 4 9 0 4 4 0 7 8 4 0 0 4 4 4 0 4 0 4 5 3 5 4 0 2 6 5 8 0 0 4 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 4 0 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( B L 5 48 A 27 0 26 25 30 29 28 27 94 C 0 0 K ) H 4 4 A O 8 4 48 0 0 4 W M 94 0 0 2 E 0 K 0 N 47 440 ) ( 00 0 0 0 6 4 4 00 90 5 0 43 0 0 0 0 7 0 4 Spring 49 00 4893 4600 0 4 0 7 4 0 4 0 48 0 Spring 0 93 4 4 8 9 8 4 4 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 4 2 0 0 34 35 36 31 32 33 34 0 0 4 4 k B e ox re e ld 4600 4 48 C e 6 92 r 0 0 0 0 4 0 50 4 5 0 0 60 0 0 47 48 s 0 92 e 0 t 6 T.
    [Show full text]
  • The Oldest Stratigraphic Units in The
    The oldest stratigraphic units in the study area the Devonian- and Mississippian-age Englewood For- are the Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks mation because of the absence of the Ordovician (fig. 9), which underlie the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and sequence. The Englewood Formation is overlain by the Cenozoic rocks and sediments. These Precambrian Madison Limestone. rocks range in age from 1.7 to about 2.5 billion years The Mississippian-age Madison Limestone is a and were eroded to a gentle undulating plain at the massive, gray to buff limestone that is locally dolomitic beginning of the Paleozoic Era (Gries, 1996). The Pre- (Strobel and others, 1999). The Madison Limestone, cambrian rocks are highly variable in composition and which was deposited as a marine carbonate, was are composed mostly of metasediments, such as schists exposed at land surface for approximately 50 million and graywackes. The Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks years. During this period, significant erosion, soil were deposited on the Precambrian rocks as nearly hor- development, and karstification occurred (Gries, 1996). izontal beds. Subsequent uplift during the Laramide There are numerous caves and fractures within the orogeny and related erosion exposed the Precambrian upper part of the formation (Peter, 1985). The thickness rocks in the central core of the Black Hills, with many of the Madison Limestone increases from south to of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks north in the study area and ranges from almost zero in exposed in roughly concentric rings around the core. the southeast corner of the study area (Rahn, 1985) to The exposed Precambrian rocks commonly are referred 1,000 ft east of Belle Fourche (Carter and Redden, to as the crystalline core.
    [Show full text]