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Final Report Summary MININFRA EASTERN PROVINCE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA THE STUDY ON IMPROVEMENT OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY IN THE EASTERN PROVINCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA FINAL REPORT SUMMARY November 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY JAPAN TECHNO CO., LTD. NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. GED JR 11-022 UGANDA RWANDA D.R.CONGO MUSHELI MATIMBA Northern Province 0 5 10 25km Eastern Province RWEMPASHA Western Province KIGALI RWIMIYAGA TABAGWE Southern Province NYAGATARE KARAMA RUKOMO TANZANIA BURUNDI KIYOMBE GATUNDA NYAGATARE KARANGAZI MIMULI KATABAGEMU MUKAMA NGARAMA RWIMBOGO NYAGIHANGA KABARORE GATSIBO GATSIBO GITOKI SUMMARY OF STUDY KAGEYO MURUNDI Study Area : 95 Secteurs of 7 Districts in Eastern Province REMERA RUGARAMA Design Population : 2,641,040 (2020) MUHURA Planned Water Supply Scheme : 92 KIZIGURO (Piped scheme : 81, Handpump scheme : 11) Planned Pipe Line 3,000 km MURAMBI RUKARA GAHINI Replace existing pipe 170 km GASANGE KIRAMURUZI Intake Facilities (spring) 28 MWIRI Intake Facilities (river) 3 FUMBWE Handpump (borehole) 37 MUHAZI KAYONZA MUSHA GISHARI MUKARANGE Existing Facilities (Out of Scope) MUNYIGINYA Existing Pipe Line GAHENGERI NYAMIRAMA RWINKWAVU Existing Water Source KIGABIRO Existing Handpump (working) MWULIRE NDEGO MUYUMBURWAMAGANA RURAMIRA NZIGE KABARONDO MUNYAGA NYAKARIRO MURAMA RUBONA REMERA MWOGO KABARE KARENGE MPANGA RURENGE NTARAMA JURU MUGESERA KAREMBO NASHO KIBUNGO NYAMATA RUKIRA ZAZA RILIMA RUKUMBERI GASHANDA MUSENYI NGOMA MUSHIKIRI KAZO MURAMA NYARUBUYE GASHORA SAKE SHYARA BUGESERAMAYANGE KIGINA KIREHEKIREHE MAREBA MAHAMA MUTENDERI JARAMA GATORE NYARUGENGE NGERUKA RUHUHA RWERU NYAMUGALI MUSAZA KIGARAMA GAHARA KAMABUYE THE STUDY ON IMPROVEMENT OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY IN THE EASTERN PROVINCE TARGET AREA MAP TABLE OF CONTENTS Target Area Map Abbreviations Executive Summary Page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Study Background ………………………….……...………………………….... 1-1 1.2 Study Objectives ………………………..………...………………………..…........ 1-2 1.3 Study Area ………………………………………………………………………. 1.4 National Policy for Rural Water Supply Services …………………..……………... 1.5 Basic Study Policies ………….…..….....…………………………………..……. CHAPTER 2 WATER SUPPLY MASTER PLAN FOR EASTERN PROVINCE 2.1 Consideration on State of Water Sources ……………………….………………… 2-1 2.2 Design Criteria ………………...……………………………….…………….….. 2.3 Water Supply Service Extent and Scale for Planning ……………………………. 2.4 Water Supply Scheme Construction Plan …...………………….………………..... 2.5 Priority Ranking ………………………………………….….…………….…... 2.6 Schedule for Construction Plan ………………………..……….……………….. 2.7 Master Plan Facilities Design ……………………………………………………. 2.8 Cost Estimates ………………………………………………………………… CHAPTER 3 PRIORITY PROJECTS 3.1 Target Water Supply Schemes …………………………………………………… 3-1 3.2 Preliminary Design of Water Supply Facilities ……………………………….... 3.3 Cost Estimates ………………………………………………………………….. CHAPTER 4 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PLAN 4.1 Present State and Problems of Operation and Maintenance in Target Area ………… 4-1 4.2 Consideration on Operation and Maintenance Cost …………….……………… 4.3 Operation and Maintenance Plan for Master Plan …………………….………….. 4.4 Setting Water Tariff ………………………………………………..…………… 4.5 Consideration on Management System using Private Operators …………………… CHAPTER 5 PROJECT EVALUATION 5.1 Financial and Economic Evaluation ………………..……………………………… 5-1 5.2 Organizational and Institutional Evaluation ………………………………………….. 5.3 Technical Evaluation ……………………………………………………………. 5.4 Environmental Evaluation ……………………….………………………………. CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………. 6-1 ABBREVIATIONS ASC Agent Santé Communautaire ASCB Agent Santé Communautaire Binôme ATP Affordability to pay BOP Base of Pyramid CDF Common Development Fund C/P Counterpart DIP Ductile iron pipe DDP District Development Plan DF/R Draft Final Report DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EDPRS Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EICV Enquête Intégrale sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages (Households Living Conditions Survey ) EIR Environmental Impact Report EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EU European Union FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return F/R Final Report Frw Franc rwandais (Rwandan franc) GI Galvanized iron HAMS Hygiène et Assainissement en Milieu Scolaire HP Handpump IC/R Inception Report ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IEC Information, Education and Communication IEE Initial Environmental Examination IT/R Interim Report jc jerrican JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau MDG Millennium Development Goals MINAGRI Ministère de l’Agriculture (Ministry of Agriculture) MINALOC Ministère de l’Administration Locale, de la Bonne Gouvernance, du Développement Communautaire et des Affaires Sociales (Ministry of Local Government, Good Governance, Community Development and Social Affairs) MINECOFIN Ministère des Finances et de la Planification Economique (Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning) MINEDUC Ministère de l’Education, de la Science, de la Technologie et de la Recherche Scientifique (Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Research） MINELA Ministry of Environment and Lands (Ministère de l’Environnement et des Terres) MININFRA Ministère des Infrastructures (Ministry of Infrastructure） MINIRENA Ministère des Resources Naturelles (Ministry of Natural Resources） MINISANTE Ministère de la Santé (Ministry of Health) MINITERE Ministère des Terres, de l’Environnement, des Forêts, de l’Eau et de Resources Naturelles (Ministry of Land, Environment, Forestry, Water and Mines） MKM Mwulire, Kigabiro, Munyaga (water scheme) NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda NGO Non-governmental organization NPV Net Present Value O&M Operation and maintenance OJT On-the-job training PDRCIU Projet Développement des Ressources Communautaires et des Infrastructures de l’Umutara (Umutara Community Resource and Infrastructure Development Project） PHAST Participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation PN Nominal pressure PNEAR Programme National d’Alimentation en Eau Potable et d’Assainissement en Milieu Rural PPP Public Private Partnership P/R Progress Report PVC Poly-vinyl chloride RARDA Rwanda Animal Resources Development Authority RC Reinforced concrete RDB Rwandan Development Board RECO Rwanda Electricity Corporation REMA Rwandan Environment Management Authority RURA Rwanda Utility Regulatory Agency RWASCO Rwanda Water and Sanitation Corporation SWAp Sector Wide Approach TOR Terms of Reference UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees VLOM Village level operation and maintenance WFP United Nations World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization WSP Water and Sanitation Program WTP Willingness to pay WUA Water Users’ Association UNITS ° degrees ′ minutes ″ seconds % percent ℃ Degrees Celsius kgf kilogram force km kilometer kVA kilo-volt-ampere kW kilo-Watt l liter lcd liters per capita per day m meter mm millimeter m2 square meter m3 cubic meter mS milli-Seimens NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit ppm parts per million sec second EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Study Background The Republic of Rwanda is a land-locked country within the Great Lakes Region surrounded by the Republic of the Congo to the West and Tanzania to the East, and is called the “land of a thousand hills”. About 9 million persons are living within a land area of about 26,000 km2 and most of the population is settled into resettlement areas called imidugudu1 created after the civil war. Imidugudu are located on high mountain ridges and slopes far from water sources. Formulated first in 1992, then revised in 1997 and 2001, the “Sectorial Policy on Water and Sanitation” of Rwanda was finally validated in 2004 as a guideline for effective use of water resources. Presently an updated version, the “National Policy and Strategy for Water Supply and Sanitation Services”, was validated in March 2010. This policy promotes new concepts to Rwanda such as decentralization, participatory approach, privatization and fund allocation through program approach. Also, considerations are made for regional and international collaborations on water resources management and environment. The policy is also related to MDGs (Millennium Development Goals) and Vision 2020 (aiming for 100% water supply by 2020) with objectives of safe water and sanitation services to all residents. In the study target area of the Eastern Province, since annual rainfall is about 25% less than other areas of the country (about 1,000mm annually) and due to the increased ratio of newly resettled residents resulting from the imidugudu policy, accessibility to water is lower than other provinces. Therefore, residents who cannot procure safe water must rely on unsanitary surface water and stagnant water for their domestic use which can have inferior effects on their health such as diarrhea and other waterborne diseases. The Japanese government is giving assistance in the water supply and sanitation sector to Eastern Province through the Japanese grant aid project, the “Rural Water Supply Project” (fiscal year 2007) and the technical cooperation project, the “Project for Improvement of Water and Sanitation in the Southern Part of the Eastern Province (called PURA-SANI)” (2007 to 2011) which are being implemented in the former Kibungo Province (presently, Rwamagana, Kayonza, Ngoma and Kirehe Districts). However, even upon considering the beneficial effects of these projects, the average water coverage rate of Eastern Province is foreseen to remain at about 50% far below the country average of 71% for rural areas (2008). In this predicament,
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