Renault 4 CV

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Renault 4 CV 18 AUTOMOBILI D’EPOCA Renault 4 CV Nata sotto le bombe e cresciuta come simbolo di libertà Louis Renault berarsi dal giogo nazista. ® Il 22 giugno prattutto sul fronte russo). ® I vertici di 15.2.1877 – 24.10.1944 1940, a Rethondes, Philippe Pétain firmò Renault, il cui consiglio d’amministrazione l’armistizio con la Germania e, due giorni si riunì il 7 ottobre del 1940, optarono CENNI STORICI più tardi, con l’Italia. Le officine Renault, il per una politica attendista, sperando nella La seconda guerra fu una terribile cui personale si era sparpagliato tra le vittoria degli alleati, ma collaborando nei li- emanazione di un periodo storico in fila dell’esercito, ritornarono lentamente miti dell’indispensabile con i tedeschi (per cui germinarono sentimenti di ven- ad animarsi, ma nessuno sapeva quali po- non precludersi ogni possibilità di soprav- detta propagandati ad arte da un de- tessero essere i destini dell’azienda e, so- vivenza in caso di una vittoria dell’Asse). spota e dalla sua ristretta cerchia di prattutto, non v’era alcun programma di Proprio a causa di queste scelte collabo- oligarchi. La Germania, attanagliata produzione. Il 3 luglio 1940 i tedeschi pre- razioniste, Louis Renault fu bersaglio, dai debiti e dalla fame, rappresentò sero possesso degli stabilimenti. Nei cor- dopo la liberazione, di numerose denuncie un terreno fertile per lo sviluppo di un ridoi, il cupo rimbombare dei loro stivali e di un’intensa campagna denigratoria da disegno premeditato che avrebbe an- non s’affievolì che alla liberazione della parte della stampa. Fu incriminato, incar- nientato in cinque anni la vita di mi- Francia. Alla loro testa, tre dirigenti della cerato, internato in un ospedale psichia- lioni di persone. Fu perpetrato ogni Mercedes-Benz, capeggiati dal principe von trico e, vittima di gravi problemi di salute, genere di violenza, ma, malgrado Urach. Un personaggio di nobili radici, pro- morì nella clinica «Saint-Jean-de-Dieu» a l’establishment mondiale stesse nau- fondo conoscitore ed estimatore della cul- Parigi il 24 ottobre del 1944. fragando tra le fiamme generate tura e della lingua francesi (in passato fu dalle sue stesse bombe, non fu mai rappresentate a Parigi proprio della Mer- sradicata la forza delle idee. cedes). ® Nessuno, all’interno della Re- nault, poteva muovere un dito senza l’ap- provazione degli invasori. Il piano ® Ed è proprio di questo che vi parle- industriale che prevedeva, tra l’altro, la ri- remo, proiettandovi, attraverso un’appas- conversione di una serie di motori, la ri- sionante testimonianza, in quegli anni di presa della fabbricazione di Juvaquatre, morte e di cambiamento. Sotto i bagliori Primaquatre e camion di vario tonnellag- della battaglia imperante fu concepita in gio, venne quasi interamente bocciato. Fu tutta segretezza una simpatica vetturetta, permessa unicamente la costruzione di la Renault 4CV, che divenne simbolo di autocarri da 3 e 5 tonnellate, utili alla una Francia ardentemente impegnata a li- causa logistica e tattica del Reich (so- AUTOMOBILI D’EPOCA 19 La nostra vettura ® Si tratta di una Re- nault 4CV Type R 1062 Grand Luxe. Venne svelata al pubblico in occasione del Sa- lone di Parigi (ottobre 1950). Fu disponi- La 4CV ® Nacque durante l’occupazione devole. Se ne occupò Roger Barthaud, di- bile all’acquisto pochi mesi più tardi, nel tedesca, nel riserbo più assoluto. Von rigente del Dipartimento carrozzerie di 1951. Quell’anno si verificò un rincaro ge- Urach e suoi controllavano tutte le attività Boulogne-Billancourt. ® La liberazione neralizzato delle materie prime che deter- ed era quindi proibitivo ipotizzare un nuovo della Francia e l’arresto di Louis Renault minò un prezzo di listino di ben 386mila progetto su piena iniziativa della Casa fran- condizionarono profondamente l’ulteriore franchi francesi. La Type R 1062 sostituì la cese. La vettura doveva rimpiazzare la Ju- sviluppo della 4CV. A capo dell’azienda 1060 e presentava una lieve riduzione vaquatre, che tanto successo aveva otte- venne nominato Pierre Lefaucheux che, della cilindrata a 747 cm³ per poter ac- nuto nei due anni precedenti lo scoppio da subito, mostrò interesse verso il pro- cedere alle competizioni nella categoria del conflitto. Doveva però essere meno getto ed il suo miglioramento. L’ultimo Turismo 750. La Grand Luxe, forse già cara e di fascia leggermente più bassa ri- prototipo, il terzo, vide la luce nel novem- concepita in previsione dell’esportazione spetto alla sua progenitrice, perché si pre- bre del 1945. Con quattro porte ed un per gli Stati Uniti nel 1952 (verso cui, tut- vedevano tempi economicamente duri per orientamento decisamente rivolto alle fa- tavia, approdò con l’evoluzione denomi- i vari Paesi coinvolti nelle belligeranze. ® miglie, era molto prossimo alla macchina nata «Sport») proponeva finiture più det- Il concepimento fu affidato agli ingegneri che poi venne commercializzata due anni tagliate rispetto alle spartane serie di Fernand Picard ed Edmond Serre. Il primo più tardi. La 4CV entrò in produzione nel- base. Oltre alla dotazione della Luxe, ossia prototipo fu realizzato nel 1943. Scam- l’estate del 1947 e vi rimase fino al 6 lu- volante color crema, deflettori anteriori, pato miracolosamente ad un bombarda- glio del 1961. Fu la prima «francese» a su- antifurto, due fari posteriori e paraurti con mento alleato, effettuò i suoi primi giri di perare il milione di esemplari (1’105’547 rostri, era corredata da sedili in velluto, prova clandestini il 4 gennaio di quel- unità per l’esattezza). Sulla base della 4 faro antinebbia, porta targa cromato e l’anno, nei pressi di Meudon. Somigliava CV nacquero modelli storici come la Alpine. gomme a fianco bianco. sorprendentemente all’antenata della «Maggiolino», poiché Charles-Edmond Serre, nel 1939, visitò il salone di Berlino in compagnia di Louis Renault e fu attratto dai tre primi prototipi della KDF (futura Vol- kswagen). Ne rimase particolarmente im- pressionato, soprattutto per l’aspetto ori- ginale e per la posizione della meccanica interamente realizzata sul posteriore (l’ide- a era siglata da Ferdinand Porsche). ® Non convinse però del tutto i vertici Re- nault, per cui, già l’anno seguente, ne fu assemblato un altro decisamente più gra- 20 AUTOMOBILI D’EPOCA I risultati sportivi ® La 4CV ebbe una glo- (con Jean Rédelé e Louis Pons), 24 Ore di certosino (5 o 6 anni), che ho condotto nel riosa carriera agonistica, anche merito Le Mans, 12 Ore di Sebring, eccetera. tempo libero e nelle vacanze: non v’è un della leggerezza del corpo vettura e della singolo bullone che non ho risanato». brillantezza del motore. La leggenda iniziò L’acquisto e il restauro ® È una storia molto presto, nel 1948, con la vittoria alla d’ordinaria passione, quella che riguarda Sensazioni di guida ® «Un’auto che, sen- corsa del Mont-Ventoux. Ma fu il 1949 a l’acquisizione di questa splendida fran- z’altro, richiede mestiere nel condurla per- consacrarla definitivamente nella storia cese d’altri tempi; un amalgama di contatti ché ancora dotata del cambio originale, a dell’automobilismo: ottenne il primo posto, tramite conoscenti, trattative, legami con il tre marce non sincronizzato. Molti lo rim- nella categoria «piccole cilindrate», al Ral- passato e moti d’attaccamento. Luca Rol- piazzarono con sistemi più moderni che lye di Monte-Carlo (guidata dai Rosier, pa- lini, l’attuale proprietario, ce ne racconta la permettevano una maggiore agilità nella dre e figlio). Anche il 1951 si rivelò spet- trama. «L’auto, acquistata in una conces- cambiata. Si difende ancora bene nel traf- tacolare e vide la minuscola Renault sionaria (presumibilmente a Lugano o fico moderno a differenza, per esempio, di partecipare alla 24 ore di Le Mans, da cui nella zona di Agno) nel maggio del 1951, una Topolino. La sua velocità di crociera è uscì vittoriosa. Lo stesso anno la 4CV fu apparteneva ad una signora di Lamone, ve- di 70-80 km/h. I freni a tamburo, se sono ridotta di cilindrata a 747 cm³ (e divenne dova di un uomo che aveva gestito preparati a puntino, funzionano egregia- Type R 1062) per essere in conformità un’azienda di sfasciacarrozze. La contattai mente. L’unico punto dolente è forse rap- con i regolamenti sportivi della categoria e fissai un primo appuntamento. In quel presentato dalla stabilità: è relativamente Turismo 750. Da quel momento sì perpe- luogo dismesso v’erano tre grossi contai- facile cappottarla (le testimonianze foto- tuò una continua ascesa ai vertici, con in- ner che celavano altrettante macchine. Tra grafiche in questo ambito non mancano di numerevoli successi nelle varie edizioni loro, anche la mia 4CV. Quando la vidi fui certo). Oggi, questi mezzi vanno però gui- del Rallye di Monte-Carlo, Tour de France scettico, ma decisi comunque di scattare dati con grazia ed è quindi un problema automobile, Coupe des Alpes, Mille Miglia qualche fotografia che mi avrebbe per- che si può tranquillamente gestire». ® messo di condurre le necessarie ricerche. Luca Rollini possiede altre vetture d’e- Gli esiti furono straordinari, perché scoprii poca, soprattutto di stampo francese. Si che il modello era piuttosto raro (credo ne occupa, tra l’altro, del settore tecnico nel- esista uno soltanto in Svizzera in tutto e l’ambito dell’Alpine Club Ticino. per tutto uguale al mio). Si trattava infatti di Elias Bertini del R 1062 Gran Luxe, il più rifinito, parti- foto: Gian Marco Balemi e Luca Rollini colare e prezioso della categoria. La vet- tura, con queste modalità, fu costruita sol- tanto per due anni. Fissai dunque un altro appuntamento, il 14 novembre del 1994, e decisi che la 4CV andava salvata da una fine ingloriosa, malgrado avesse il blocco motore rotto. Debbo dire che la signora ne sopravvalutò un pochino le potenzialità di mercato.
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